CN111074109B - Biphase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material, brake drum and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Biphase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material, brake drum and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D65/00—Parts or details
- F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
- F16D65/10—Drums for externally- or internally-engaging brakes
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of brake drum development, and particularly provides a biphase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material, a brake drum and a preparation method thereof. The two-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material comprises a reinforcement body, wherein the reinforcement body is SiC particles and TiB2Dual-phase ceramic particles consisting of particles, wherein the SiC particles account for 10-20 wt% of the total amount of the aluminum-based composite material, and the TiB2The particles account for 5-10 wt% of the total aluminum matrix composite, and the TiB2The granularity of the particles is 50-550nm, the silicon carbide oxide and the titanium diboride in the biphase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material have good wettability and high bonding strength with aluminum alloy, and the silicon carbide and the titanium diboride are uniformly distributed in the matrix aluminum alloy, have compact tissues and have superior properties such as high specific strength, high specific rigidity, high hardness and the like, so that the biphase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material brake drum with excellent performance is prepared.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of brake drum development, in particular to a biphase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, a brake drum and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The drum brake is a commonly used brake product, can make the moving part slow down, stop or keep the standstill state, can play the safe effect of protecting driving, the commercial vehicle brake drum is the friction couple spare of drum brake, the commercial vehicle brake drum is the part that is used for producing the braking force that hinders vehicle motion or motion trend in the braking system, the commercial vehicle brake drum should have intensity and rigidity as the component needs in addition, should still have as high as possible and stable coefficient of friction, and suitable wearability, thermal diffusivity and heat capacity etc..
With the current energy consumption and the increasingly severe pollution to the atmosphere, automobile exhaust is one of the main pollution sources, the improvement of vehicle efficiency and the reduction of carbon dioxide emission are very important targets for relieving climate change, the requirements of relevant laws and regulations and standards of automobiles on fuel economy directly promote the proposal and development of light weight of automobiles, and relevant data show that: when the weight of the automobile is reduced by 10%, 10% of kinetic energy can be saved, 4-10% of tail gas emission is reduced, 6-8% of fuel consumption is reduced, the hundred-kilometer acceleration time is reduced by 8%, the braking distance is reduced by 5%, and the service life is prolonged by 50%. At present, the commonly used brake drum of the commercial vehicle is mainly made of cast iron. The cast iron has the advantages of excellent heat conductivity, higher strength, better wear resistance, low price and the like, but with the increasing of the speed of the automobile and the increasing of the loading capacity of the truck, the kinetic energy of the automobile movement increases in geometric progression, and the thermal shock generated during braking also increases greatly, so that the early stage failure of the brake drum due to high-temperature stress deformation frequently occurs, the cracking and the cracking are increased rapidly, and finally the brake drum is cracked. The vermicular cast iron shows excellent thermal fatigue resistance, but the production stability of the vermicular cast iron is difficult to control, and the brake drum of the vermicular cast iron is not valued by product designers.
In recent years, the realization of lightweight wear resistance, heat resistance and fatigue resistance of brake drums by using particle-reinforced aluminum-based materials is becoming a research focus increasingly, however, the traditional particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material has low strength and hardness, is difficult to be remelted and cast and is difficult to be precisely processed, and for this reason, chinese patent document CN109136665A discloses an aluminum alloy material for brake drums, which comprises the following raw materials: the technical scheme is that aluminum-based materials are adopted to have the advantage of light weight, and the strength is improved by adding rare earth materials, various functional intermediate alloys and high-strength metals, but the rare earth materials and the multifunctional intermediate alloys are expensive, toxic and harmful, so that the production cost is increased, and the large-scale production and utilization are not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects that the aluminum-based composite material which is non-toxic and harmless and has lower price is low in strength and hardness, difficult to remelt and cast and difficult to precisely process in the prior art, thereby providing the dual-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material, the brake drum and the preparation method thereof.
The invention also provides a two-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material which comprises a reinforcement body, wherein the reinforcement body is SiC particles and TiB2The double-phase ceramic particles are composed of SiC particles accounting for 10-20 wt% of the total amount of the double-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material, and the TiB2The particles account for 5-10 wt% of the total amount of the dual-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material, and the TiB2The particle size of the particles is 50-550 nm.
Further, the average particle diameter of the SiC particles is 10 to 20 μm.
The invention provides a preparation method of a dual-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, which comprises the following steps:
the preparation steps of the powder blank are as follows: mixing potassium fluotitanate powder and potassium fluoborate powder to obtain mixed powder; respectively pressing the mixed powder and the silicon carbide powder into blanks to obtain a mixed powder blank and a silicon carbide powder blank;
a two-phase endogenous reaction step: heating and melting aluminum or aluminum alloy, adding the silicon carbide powder blank, dispersing, then adding the mixed powder blank, carrying out an endogenous reaction, and removing slag to obtain the silicon carbide/aluminum alloy composite material.
Further, the method also comprises a pretreatment step of the silicon carbide powder before pressing the silicon carbide powder into a blank, wherein the pretreatment step is to take the silicon carbide powder, dry and oxidize the silicon carbide powder to obtain the silicon carbide powder with a compact silicon oxide film layer.
Further, in the step of the two-phase endogenous reaction, before adding the silicon carbide powder blank, preheating the silicon carbide powder blank at the temperature of 200-350 ℃ for 1-3 h; and/or, before adding the mixed powder blank, preheating the mixed powder blank at the temperature of 200-350 ℃ for 1-3 h.
Further, the sum of the mass of the potassium fluotitanate powder and the potassium fluoborate powder accounts for 15-35 wt% of the total mass of the aluminum matrix composite material; and/or the molar ratio of the potassium fluotitanate powder to the potassium fluoborate powder is 1: 2; and/or the silicon carbide powder accounts for 10-20 wt% of the total mass of the aluminum matrix composite material.
Further, the particle size of the potassium fluotitanate powder is 30-500nm, and/or the particle size of the potassium fluoborate powder is 30-500 nm; and/or the particle size of the silicon carbide powder is 10-20 mu m.
Further, in the adding process of the silicon carbide powder blank and/or the mixed powder blank, the silicon carbide powder blank and/or the mixed powder blank are respectively added by 3-5 times, and the interval time between two adjacent times of adding is 5-15 min.
Further, in the process of the endogenous reaction, the reaction temperature is controlled to be 800-900 ℃, and the reaction time is controlled to be 60-90 min.
Further, the aluminum is industrial pure aluminum, and the aluminum alloy is a cast aluminum alloy or a processed aluminum alloy.
The invention also provides application of the dual-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material prepared by any one of the methods in brake drums and brake discs.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the biphase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite brake drum, which comprises the following steps:
melting the two-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, adding a refining agent for degassing and refining, removing slag, adding a refining agent, and stirring to obtain a refined composite melt;
and casting the refined composite material melt into a preheated brake drum metal casting mold, performing pressure casting, cooling, taking out the casting and cutting off a dead head to obtain the biphase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material brake drum.
Further, the method also comprises the step of carrying out heat treatment on the brake drum after the step of cutting off the riser, wherein the heat treatment process comprises the steps of firstly carrying out heat preservation for 4-8h at the temperature of 525-.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the two-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material provided by the invention is prepared by using SiC particles with specific content and TiB with specific content and specific particle size range2The particles are reinforced materials and are matched with the aluminum-containing base material, so that the obtained dual-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material can obviously improve the hardness and strength of the aluminum-based composite material on the basis of good plasticity.
2. The invention provides a preparation method of a dual-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, which comprises the steps of respectively pressing mixed powder and silicon carbide powder which are prepared from potassium fluotitanate powder and potassium fluoborate powder as raw materials to prepare a mixed powder blank and a silicon carbide powder blank, adding the silicon carbide powder blank, dispersing, adding the mixed powder blank, and carrying out an endogenous reaction, wherein the mixed powder is added to carry out the following reaction: 3K2TiF6+2KBF4+12Al→2Al3Ti+TiB2+K3AlF6+5KAlF4Finally, SiC particles and TiB are formed2The biphase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material of the particles has the advantages of higher strength and hardness, excellent plasticity, and easy remelting casting and precision processing.
3. According to the preparation method of the two-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material, silicon carbide powder of a compact silicon oxide film layer is formed by pretreating the silicon carbide powder, and in the two-phase endogenous reaction process, the formation of brittle phase aluminum carbide can be avoided to the greatest extent, so that the prepared two-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material has the advantages of obviously improved high tensile strength and obviously improved plastic deformation, high hardness, easiness in remelting and casting, and capability of preparing the excellent-performance two-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material brake drum.
4. According to the preparation method of the two-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material, the preheated silicon carbide powder blank and the mixed powder blank are sequentially added into the molten aluminum or aluminum alloy in the two-phase endogenous reaction step, so that the sufficiency of the endogenous reaction of the mixed powder blank and the aluminum or aluminum alloy can be ensured, and the SiC particles and the generated TiB can be improved2The distribution uniformity of the particles further improves the tensile strength and hardness of the dual-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite.
5. According to the preparation method of the two-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material, the discovery is made in the research and development process that when the mass sum of potassium fluotitanate powder and potassium fluoborate powder accounts for too large of the total mass of the aluminum-based composite material, the toughness of the aluminum-based composite material is reduced, and when the mass sum of potassium fluotitanate powder and potassium fluoborate powder accounts for too small of the total mass of the aluminum-based composite material, the friction and wear resistance of the aluminum-based composite material is reduced, and the invention controls the mass sum of the potassium fluotitanate powder and the potassium fluoborate powder to account for 15-35 wt% of the total mass of the aluminum-based composite material; the molar ratio of the potassium fluotitanate powder to the potassium fluoborate powder is 1: 2, the mixed salt can be completely or almost completely converted into TiB2So as to prepare the biphase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with higher tensile strength and elongation and excellent wear resistance.
6. In the process of adding the silicon carbide powder blank and/or the mixed powder blank, the silicon carbide powder blank or the mixed powder blank is averagely divided into 3 to 5 times respectively and added in batches, and the interval time between two adjacent batches is 5 to 15min, so that the reinforced particles are more uniformly distributed, and the biphase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material with excellent performance is prepared.
7. The biphase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material prepared by the invention has good wettability of silicon carbide and titanium diboride and aluminum alloy, high bonding strength, uniform distribution of silicon carbide and titanium diboride in matrix aluminum alloy, compact structure, high specific strength, high specific rigidity, high hardness and other superior performances, thereby preparing the biphase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material brake drum with excellent performance. The biphase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material prepared by the invention has wide application prospect in various fields such as rail transit, national defense military industry, aerospace and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a gold phase diagram of a dual-phase ceramic particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite prepared in example 1 of Experimental example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a gold phase diagram of a single-phase ceramic particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite prepared in comparative example 2 of Experimental example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1 aluminum-based composite Material
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a dual-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the preparation steps of the mixed powder are as follows: taking 5.4kg of potassium fluotitanate powder with the granularity of 30-100nm and 5.1kg of potassium fluoborate powder with the granularity of 30-100nm, adding the mixture into a mixer, mixing for 1 hour, putting the mixture into a drying oven, and drying the mixture for 1 hour at the temperature of 150 ℃ to obtain mixed powder;
(2) pretreatment of silicon carbide: taking 3kg of silicon carbide powder with the particle size of 10 mu m, putting the silicon carbide powder into a drying oven, drying the silicon carbide powder for 1 hour at the temperature of 150 ℃, and then carrying out oxidation treatment for 5min at the temperature of 1000 ℃ to obtain the SiO with compact structure2Silicon carbide powder of the film layer;
(3) powder compacting step: respectively pressing the powder prepared in the steps (1) and (2) by a press machine under the pressure of 15MPa to obtain a mixed powder blank and a silicon carbide powder blank;
(4) a two-phase endogenous reaction step: taking 27.4kg of industrial aluminum, heating and melting at 700 ℃, and then preserving heat for 20min to obtain an aluminum melt; and (2) preheating the mixed powder blank and the silicon carbide powder blank prepared in the step (3) for 1.5 hours at 300 ℃, adding the preheated silicon carbide powder blank into the aluminum melt for 3 times, adding 1/3 of the total mass of the silicon carbide powder blank in each time, wherein the interval time between the two adjacent times of adding the silicon carbide powder blanks is 10 minutes, controlling the temperature to be 700 ℃, stirring at the stirring speed of 400rpm, stirring for 30 minutes, adding the preheated mixed powder blank, adding the mixed powder blank for 3 times, adding 1/3 of the total mass of the mixed powder blank in each time, adding the mixed powder blanks in the two adjacent times, wherein the interval time between the two adjacent times of adding the mixed powder blanks is 10 minutes, maintaining the reaction temperature at 800 ℃, stirring at the stirring speed of 400rpm, and stirring for 30 minutes, removing slag, and finally obtaining the dual-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material.
Example 2 aluminum-based composite Material
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a dual-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the preparation steps of the mixed powder are as follows: taking 8.7kg of potassium fluotitanate powder with the granularity of 100-300nm and 8.2kg of potassium fluoborate powder with the granularity of 100-300nm, adding the mixture into a mixer, mixing for 2 hours, putting the mixture into a drying box, and drying the mixture for 2 hours at the temperature of 200 ℃ to obtain mixed powder;
(2) silicon carbide pretreatment: taking 4.5kg of silicon carbide powder with the particle size of 15 mu m, putting the silicon carbide powder into a drying oven, drying the silicon carbide powder for 2 hours at the temperature of 200 ℃, and then carrying out oxidation treatment for 7min at the temperature of 1400 ℃ to obtain the SiO with compact structure2Silicon carbide powder of the film layer;
(3) powder compacting step: respectively pressing the powder prepared in the steps (1) and (2) by a press machine under the pressure of 20MPa to obtain a mixed powder blank and a silicon carbide powder blank;
(4) a two-phase endogenous reaction step: taking 31.5kg of industrial aluminum, heating and melting at 700 ℃, and then preserving heat for 30min to obtain an aluminum melt; and (2) preheating the mixed powder blank and the silicon carbide powder blank prepared in the step (3) for 1.5 hours at 300 ℃, adding the preheated silicon carbide powder blank into the aluminum melt for 3 times, adding 1/3 of the total mass of the silicon carbide powder blank in each time, wherein the interval time between the two adjacent times of adding the silicon carbide powder blanks is 10 minutes, controlling the temperature to be 750 ℃ during the period, stirring at 500rpm for 30 minutes, adding the preheated mixed powder blank, adding the mixed powder blank for 3 times, adding 1/3 of the total mass of the mixed powder blank in each time, adding the mixed powder blanks for 10 minutes in the adjacent two times, maintaining the reaction temperature to be 850 ℃, stirring at 500rpm during the period, stirring for 30 minutes, removing slag, and finally obtaining the dual-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material.
Example 3 aluminum-based composite Material
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a dual-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the preparation steps of the mixed powder are as follows: taking 10.8kg of potassium fluotitanate powder with the granularity of 300-500nm and 10.2kg of potassium fluoborate powder with the granularity of 300-500nm, adding the mixture into a mixer, mixing for 3 hours, putting the mixture into a drying box, and drying the mixture for 3 hours at the temperature of 250 ℃ to obtain mixed powder;
(2) silicon carbide pretreatment: taking 6kg of silicon carbide powder with the granularity of 20 mu m, putting the silicon carbide powder into a drying oven, drying the silicon carbide powder for 3 hours at the temperature of 250 ℃, and then carrying out oxidation treatment for 10min at the temperature of 1800 ℃ to obtain the compact SiO2Silicon carbide powder of the film layer;
(3) powder compacting step: respectively pressing the powder prepared in the steps (1) and (2) by a press machine under the pressure of 25MPa to obtain a mixed powder blank and a silicon carbide powder blank;
(4) a two-phase endogenous reaction step: taking 36.8kg of industrial aluminum, heating and melting at 700 ℃, and then preserving heat for 40min to obtain an aluminum melt; and (2) preheating the mixed powder blank and the silicon carbide powder blank prepared in the step (3) for 1.5 hours at 300 ℃, adding the preheated silicon carbide powder blank into the aluminum melt for 3 times, adding 1/3 of the total mass of the silicon carbide powder blank in each time, wherein the interval time between the adjacent two times of adding the mixed powder blanks is 10min, controlling the temperature to be 800 ℃ during the period, stirring at the stirring speed of 600rpm for 30min, adding the preheated mixed powder blank, adding the mixed powder blank for 3 times, adding 1/3 of the total mass of the mixed powder blank in each time, adding the mixed powder blanks for 10min in the adjacent two times, maintaining the reaction temperature to be 900 ℃, stirring at the stirring speed of 600rpm during the period, stirring for 30min, removing slag, and finally obtaining the dual-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material.
Example 4 aluminum-based composite Material
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a dual-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the preparation steps of the mixed powder are as follows: taking 5.4kg of potassium fluotitanate powder with the granularity of 30-100nm and 5.1kg of potassium fluoborate powder with the granularity of 30-100nm, adding the mixture into a mixer, mixing for 1 hour, putting the mixture into a drying oven, and drying the mixture for 1 hour at the temperature of 150 ℃ to obtain mixed powder;
(2) pretreatment of silicon carbide: taking 3kg of silicon carbide powder with the granularity of 10 mu m, putting the silicon carbide powder into a drying oven, and drying the silicon carbide powder for 1 hour at the temperature of 150 ℃ to obtain the silicon carbide powder;
(3) powder compacting step: respectively pressing the powder prepared in the steps (1) and (2) by a press machine under the pressure of 15MPa to obtain a mixed powder blank and a silicon carbide powder blank;
(4) a two-phase endogenous reaction step: taking 27.4kg of industrial aluminum, heating and melting at 700 ℃, and then preserving heat for 20min to obtain an aluminum melt; and (2) preheating the mixed powder blank and the silicon carbide powder blank prepared in the step (3) for 1.5 hours at 300 ℃, adding the preheated silicon carbide powder blank into the aluminum melt for 3 times, adding 1/3 of the total mass of the silicon carbide powder blank in each time, wherein the interval time between the two adjacent times of adding the silicon carbide powder blanks is 10 minutes, controlling the temperature to be 700 ℃, stirring at the stirring speed of 400rpm, stirring for 30 minutes, adding the preheated mixed powder blank, adding the mixed powder blank for 3 times, adding 1/3 of the total mass of the mixed powder blank in each time, adding the mixed powder blanks in the two adjacent times, wherein the interval time between the two adjacent times of adding the mixed powder blanks is 10 minutes, maintaining the reaction temperature at 800 ℃, stirring at the stirring speed of 400rpm, and stirring for 30 minutes, removing slag, and finally obtaining the dual-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material.
Example 5 aluminum-based composite Material
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a dual-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the preparation steps of the mixed powder are as follows: taking 5.4kg of potassium fluotitanate powder with the granularity of 30-100nm and 5.1kg of potassium fluoborate powder with the granularity of 30-100nm, adding the mixture into a mixer, mixing for 1 hour, putting the mixture into a drying oven, and drying the mixture for 1 hour at the temperature of 150 ℃ to obtain mixed powder;
(2) pretreatment of silicon carbide: taking 3kg of silicon carbide powder with the particle size of 10 mu m, putting the silicon carbide powder into a drying oven, drying the silicon carbide powder for 1 hour at the temperature of 150 ℃, and then carrying out oxidation treatment for 5min at the temperature of 1000 ℃ to obtain the SiO with compact structure2Silicon carbide powder of the film layer;
(3) powder compacting step: respectively pressing the powder prepared in the steps (1) and (2) by a press machine under the pressure of 15MPa to obtain a mixed powder blank and a silicon carbide powder blank;
(4) a two-phase endogenous reaction step: taking 27.4kg of industrial aluminum, heating and melting at 700 ℃, and then preserving heat for 20min to obtain an aluminum melt; and (2) preheating the mixed powder blank of potassium fluotitanate and potassium fluoborate and the silicon carbide powder blank prepared in the step (3) at 300 ℃ for 1.5 hours respectively, adding the preheated mixed powder blank of potassium fluotitanate and potassium fluoborate and the silicon carbide powder blank into the aluminum melt for 3 times, wherein the adding amount of each time is 1/3 which accounts for the total mass of the mixed powder blank and the silicon carbide powder blank, the interval time between the adjacent two times of adding the mixed powder blanks is 10min, the reaction temperature is maintained at 800 ℃, the stirring speed is 400rpm, the total stirring time is 30min, and removing slag to finally obtain the biphase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material.
EXAMPLE 6 brake Drum
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a biphase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite brake drum, which comprises the following steps:
(1) degassing and refining: melting the melt of the two-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared in the example 1 at 700 ℃, and then adding 0.5 wt% of a refining agent into the melt, wherein the refining agent comprises potassium fluosilicate: 7.5%, industrial salt: 45%, potassium chloride: 40% of anhydrous sodium sulphate: 2.5 and soda: 5 percent, removing slag, adding aluminum, titanium and boron, stirring, adding and pressing the aluminum, titanium and boron to the bottom of the melt by using a graphite rod, and then stirring for 10min by using the graphite rod for degassing and refining to obtain a refined composite material melt;
(2) pressure casting: and (2) standing the refined composite material melt obtained in the step (1) at 750 ℃ for 10min, casting into a brake drum metal casting mold preheated at 300 ℃, applying compressed air to the outside of the mold after casting, taking out a casting and cutting off a dead head, placing at 530 ℃ for heat preservation for 6h, performing water quenching, then preserving at 165 ℃ for 4h, and performing air cooling to finally obtain the as-cast dual-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material brake drum.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a preparation method of a single-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the preparation steps of the mixed powder are as follows: taking 5.4kg of potassium fluotitanate powder with the granularity of 30-100nm and 5.1kg of potassium fluoborate powder with the granularity of 30-100nm, adding the mixture into a mixer, mixing for 1 hour, putting the mixture into a drying oven, and drying the mixture for 1 hour at the temperature of 150 ℃ to obtain mixed powder;
(2) powder compacting step: pressing the powder prepared in the step (1) by a press machine under the pressure of 15MPa to obtain a mixed powder blank;
(3) an endogenous reaction step: taking 27.4kg of industrial aluminum, heating and melting at 700 ℃, and then preserving heat for 20min to obtain an aluminum melt; and (3) preheating the mixed powder blank prepared in the step (2) at 300 ℃ for 1.5h, adding the preheated mixed powder blank into the aluminum melt for 3 times, wherein the adding amount of each time is 1/3 of the total mass of the mixed powder blank, the interval time between two adjacent times of adding the silicon carbide powder blanks is 10min, the temperature is controlled to be 700 ℃, the stirring speed is 400rpm, the total stirring time is 30min, and removing slag to finally obtain the single-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example provides a preparation method of a single-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, which comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of silicon carbide: taking 3kg of silicon carbide powder with the particle size of 10 mu m, putting the silicon carbide powder into a drying oven, drying the silicon carbide powder for 1 hour at the temperature of 150 ℃, and then carrying out oxidation treatment for 5min at the temperature of 1000 ℃ to obtain the SiO with compact structure2Silicon carbide powder of the film layer;
(2) powder compacting step: respectively pressing the powder prepared in the step (1) by a press under the pressure of 15MPa to obtain compact silicon carbide powder blanks;
(3) material compounding: taking 27.4kg of industrial aluminum, heating and melting at 700 ℃, and then preserving heat for 20min to obtain an aluminum melt; and (3) preheating the silicon carbide powder blank prepared in the step (2) at 300 ℃ for 1.5h, adding the preheated silicon carbide powder blank into the aluminum melt for 3 times, adding 1/3 (the silicon carbide powder blank accounts for the total mass of the silicon carbide powder blank) each time, stirring the silicon carbide powder blank at the stirring speed of 400rpm at the temperature of 700 ℃ for 10min at the interval between two adjacent times, stirring for 30min, and removing slag to finally obtain the single-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material.
Experimental example 1 composition and weight
Referring to GB/T13298 "method for examining microstructure of metals", the content and particle size distribution of substances in the two-phase ceramic particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials of examples 1 to 5 and the single-phase ceramic particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials of comparative examples 1 to 2 were measured under the same conditions using a metallographic microscope, and the gold phase diagrams of examples 1 and comparative examples 2 at 500 times are shown in FIGS. 1 to 2, and the results of the content and particle size distribution of substances in the two-phase or single-phase ceramic particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials prepared in each group are shown in the following tables.
TABLE 1 component and weight results table
As shown in Table 1, the two-phase ceramic particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials obtained in examples 1 to 5 of the present invention contained 5 to 10 wt% of TiB2Of particles of which TiB2The particle size of the particles is 50-550 nm.
Experimental example 2 hardness test
Reference GB T4340.1-2009 metal vickers hardness test part 1: test method the hardness of the two-phase ceramic particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials of examples 1 to 5 and the single-phase ceramic particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials prepared in comparative examples 1 to 2 was measured, and the results are shown in the following table.
Table 2 hardness test results table
| Hardness (HV) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Mean. + -. deviation of |
| Example 1 | 111.4 | 110.8 | 113.8 | 109.8 | 111.45±1.7 |
| Example 2 | 118.8 | 117.9 | 120.4 | 122.7 | 119.95±2.1 |
| Example 3 | 119.8 | 120.8 | 121.5 | 122.6 | 121.18±1.2 |
| Example 4 | 98.8 | 100.0 | 99.1 | 98.4 | 99.08±0.7 |
| Example 5 | 98.4 | 101.1 | 98.0 | 99.4 | 99.23±1.4 |
| Comparative example 1 | 84.5 | 84.8 | 83.4 | 82.1 | 83.70±1.2 |
| Comparative example 2 | 85.8 | 85.6 | 84.2 | 84.1 | 84.92±0.9 |
As shown in table 2, the dual-phase ceramic particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite materials obtained in examples 1 to 5 of the present invention have an advantage of high hardness as compared with comparative examples 1 to 2, and examples 1 to 3 of the present invention can further increase hardness by adjusting the charging sequence of the dual-phase endogenous reaction step or performing the oxidation pretreatment of the silicon carbide powder as compared with examples 4 and 5.
Experimental example 3 tensile test
Reference is made to part 1 of the national standard GB/T228.1 "tensile test for metallic materials": the room temperature test method was conducted to examine the tensile properties of the two-phase ceramic particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials of examples 1 to 5 and the single-phase ceramic particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials prepared in comparative examples 1 to 2.
TABLE 3 tensile test results Table
As shown in Table 3, the elongation of the two-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared in examples 1-5 of the present invention is 3.8-4.1%, the elastic modulus is 129482-139521MPa, and the composite material has more excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, compared with comparative examples 1-2 and examples 4-5, the mechanical properties of the two-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared in examples 1-5 of the present invention can be further improved by adjusting the feeding sequence of the two-phase endogenous reaction steps or performing oxidation pretreatment on silicon carbide powder.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The two-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material is characterized by comprising a reinforcement body, wherein the reinforcement body is SiC particles and TiB2The double-phase ceramic particles are composed of SiC particles which account for 10-20 wt% of the total amount of the double-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material, and TiB2The particles account for 5-10 wt% of the total amount of the dual-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material, and the TiB2The particle size of the particles is 50-550 nm; the preparation method of the two-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material comprises the following steps:
a powder blank preparation step: mixing potassium fluotitanate powder and potassium fluoborate powder to obtain mixed powder, and respectively pressing the mixed powder and silicon carbide powder into blanks to obtain a mixed powder blank and a silicon carbide powder blank;
a two-phase endogenous reaction step: heating and melting aluminum or aluminum alloy, adding a silicon carbide powder blank, dispersing, then adding a mixed powder blank, carrying out an endogenous reaction, and removing slag to obtain the silicon carbide/aluminum alloy composite material;
the preparation steps of the mixed powder are as follows: mixing potassium fluotitanate powder and potassium fluoborate powder to obtain mixed powder, and obtaining mixed powder;
pretreatment of silicon carbide: drying and oxidizing silicon carbide powder to obtain compact SiO2Silicon carbide powder of the film layer;
powder compacting step: pressing the mixed powder and the silicon carbide powder to obtain a mixed powder blank and a silicon carbide powder blank;
a two-phase endogenous reaction step: heating and melting aluminum or aluminum alloy, adding the silicon carbide powder blank into the aluminum melt, dispersing, adding the preheated mixed powder blank, carrying out endogenous reaction, removing slag, and finally obtaining the dual-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material.
2. The dual phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite as claimed in claim 1, wherein the SiC particles have an average particle diameter of 10 to 20 μm.
3. The dual-phase ceramic particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the dual-phase endogenous reaction step further comprises preheating the silicon carbide powder blank at 200-350 ℃ for 1-3h before adding the silicon carbide powder blank; and/or, before adding the mixed powder blank, preheating the mixed powder blank at the temperature of 200-350 ℃ for 1-3 h.
4. The dual-phase ceramic particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sum of the mass of the potassium fluorotitanate powder and the potassium fluoroborate powder is 15 to 35 wt% of the total mass of the aluminum-based composite material; and/or the molar ratio of the potassium fluotitanate powder to the potassium fluoborate powder is 1: 2; and/or the silicon carbide powder accounts for 5-15 wt% of the total mass of the aluminum matrix composite material.
5. The dual-phase ceramic particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the particle diameters of the potassium fluorotitanate powder and the potassium fluoroborate powder are 30 to 500 nm.
6. The dual-phase ceramic particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein during the addition of the silicon carbide powder blank and/or the mixed powder blank, the silicon carbide powder blank and/or the mixed powder blank is added in 3-5 times, respectively, and the time interval between two adjacent times of feeding is 5-15 min.
7. The dual-phase ceramic particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the reaction temperature is controlled to 800-900 ℃ and the reaction time is controlled to 60-90min during the endogenous reaction.
8. Use of a dual phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminium matrix composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in brake drums and discs.
9. A preparation method of a biphase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite brake drum is characterized by comprising the following steps:
melting the dual phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite of any of claims 1-7, then adding a refining agent to degas and refine, remove the slag, and add a refining agent to obtain a refined composite melt;
and casting the refined composite material melt into a preheated brake drum metal casting mold, performing pressure casting, cooling, taking out the casting and cutting off a dead head to obtain the biphase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material brake drum.
10. The method for preparing the brake drum of the dual-phase ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 9, wherein the step of cutting off the riser further comprises the steps of performing heat treatment on the brake drum, wherein the heat treatment comprises heat preservation at 525-535 ℃ for 4-8h, water quenching, heat preservation at 160-170 ℃ for 2-6h, and air cooling.
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