CN111690840B - Amorphous phase silicate particle and SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and preparation - Google Patents

Amorphous phase silicate particle and SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and preparation Download PDF

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CN111690840B
CN111690840B CN202010480385.1A CN202010480385A CN111690840B CN 111690840 B CN111690840 B CN 111690840B CN 202010480385 A CN202010480385 A CN 202010480385A CN 111690840 B CN111690840 B CN 111690840B
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silicate
particles
composite material
aluminum matrix
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CN111690840A (en
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严鹏飞
严彪
郑凯隆
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Tongji University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/05Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • C22C1/1047Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt by mixing and casting liquid metal matrix composites
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C32/00Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0005Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with at least one oxide and at least one of carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents

Abstract

The invention relates to an amorphous-phase silicate particle and SiC particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material, and a preparation method and application thereof. The aluminum-based composite material is prepared by adopting a powder metallurgy method or a smelting casting method, and the silicate particles are in an amorphous phase by water-cooling quenching at the temperature of 550-650 ℃. Compared with the prior art, the amorphous silicate-based ceramic particles can modify the interface and play a role of a binder, improve the wettability of the SiC/Al interface, improve the uniformity of a microstructure and further improve the material performance.

Description

Amorphous phase silicate particle and SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and preparation
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aluminum-based composite materials, in particular to an amorphous phase silicate particle and SiC particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material, and preparation and application thereof.
Background
The aluminum-based composite material has the advantages of light weight, low abrasion loss, good heat conductivity and thermal fatigue resistance as a light-weight composite material, occupies a key position in the research of metal-based composite materials, and is widely applied to the fields of automobile industry, aerospace, aviation and the like. In recent years, particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials have been rapidly developed, which realize different mechanical and service properties of aluminum-based materials by changing the kind, content, size, etc. of reinforcing particles. At present, the reinforcement particles introduced into the aluminum matrix composite mainly comprise ceramic particles, carbon nanotubes, nanowires, graphene and the like, but the section bonding force between the reinforcement and the aluminum matrix is weak, and the reinforcement can fall off from the matrix under severe conditions, so that the performance of the material is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provide amorphous phase silicate particles, a SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, and preparation and application thereof.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an amorphous-phase silicate particle and SiC particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material, said aluminum-based composite material comprising an aluminum matrix as a matrix and silicate particles and SiC particles as a reinforcement, said silicate particles being located between the aluminum matrix and the SiC particles, said silicate particles being in an amorphous phase. Wherein the thickness of the aluminum matrix composite is 10-15mm, the thickness of the aluminum matrix composite is consistent with that of the aluminum matrix, and the particle size of the silicate particles is 58-45um and the particle size of the SiC particles is 10-20um depending on the process.
Preferably, the aluminum substrate is an aluminum alloy.
Preferably, the aluminum matrix is a silicon-aluminum alloy, and the content of the Si element in the silicon-aluminum alloy is 15-25% by mass. An aluminum matrix having too high Si content is disadvantageous in terms of overall properties, and a harmful phase Al is generated between the aluminum matrix having too low Si content and SiC particles4C3
Preferably, in the aluminum matrix composite, the mass percentage content of the SiC particles is 15-20%.
Preferably, in the aluminum matrix composite, the content of the silicate particles is 10-20% by mass.
Preferably, in the aluminum matrix composite, the mass percentage content of the SiC particles is 20%, and the mass percentage content of the silicate particles is 10%.
Preferably, the silicate particles include silicate-based ceramic particles and natural silicate particles, and certain natural silicate particulate materials, such as palm hull ash, rice hull ash, etc., whose main components are close to the silicate-based ceramic particles, may achieve similar effects.
Preferably, the silicate-based ceramic particles comprise SiO2、CaSO4、H3BO3、Na2O or MgO. The silicate-based ceramic particles further comprise Al2O3Etc. but the content of these components forms an amorphous phase for the silicate-based ceramic particlesThe influence is slight, and therefore the contents of these components are not limited.
Preferably, in the silicate-based ceramic particles, SiO2、CaSO4、H3BO3、Na2The mass ratio of O to MgO is (55-70): 10-15): 5-10):5: 5. In particular, SiO255-70 percent of CaSO410-15% by mass of H3BO3The content of the sodium-containing composite material is 5-10 percent by mass and Na2The mass percent of O is 5 percent, the mass percent of MgO is 5 percent, and the balance is other components, wherein the other components comprise Al2O3And the like.
Preferably, the silicate particles are quenched by water cooling at 550-650 ℃ to an amorphous phase. The water cooling quenching adopts ice water.
Preferably, the silicate particles have a glass phase transition temperature of 100-200 ℃.
The preparation method is used for preparing the amorphous-phase silicate particles and SiC particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material, the aluminum-based composite material is prepared by adopting a powder metallurgy method or a smelting casting method, and the silicate particles are quenched into an amorphous phase by water cooling at the temperature of 550-650 ℃.
Specifically, the powder metallurgy method comprises the following steps: the SiC particles, the silicate particles and the aluminum matrix, which meet the requirements for particle size and composition, are subjected to a mixing process in a mechanical mixer for 50-70 minutes to obtain a homogeneous mixture. And then molding the mixture by cold press molding of a mold, wherein the cold press pressure is 700-900MPa, the pressure increasing rate is 1.5kN/s, the pressure maintaining time is 160-200s, the powder metallurgy sintering temperature is not more than 650 ℃, and the sintering time is 3-5 h. Then solid solution is carried out for 20-40min at the temperature of 550-650 ℃, then ice water quenching is carried out for 1-2 seconds, the working time is carried out for 22-26 hours at the temperature of 200-240 ℃, and finally the steel is cooled to room temperature in the air.
Specifically, the smelting casting method comprises the following steps: heating the aluminum matrix meeting the requirements of the granularity and the components to be more than the melting point of the aluminum matrix for melting and refining, then adding SiC particles and silicate particles meeting the requirements of the granularity and the components, stirring uniformly, standing for 5-15min, cooling and forming, carrying out solid solution at 550-650 ℃ for 20-40min, quenching with ice water for 1-2 seconds and man-hour at 200-240 ℃ for 22-26 h, and finally cooling to room temperature in air.
The application of the amorphous silicate particle and SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material can be used for manufacturing automobile parts, aerospace vehicles and the like.
The mixed reinforced aluminum-based composite material is usually added with two materials, namely hard ceramic and soft phase material, simultaneously to enable the aluminum-based composite material to show better performance, such as graphite and MoS2Carbon nanotubes, and the like. Some silicate-based materials with proper components can form an amorphous phase through water-cooling quenching at a medium temperature (around 600 ℃), and the amorphous phase can improve the bonding interface of SiC and aluminum base and improve the overall performance of the material. The invention controls the content of Si element in the aluminum matrix and the SiO in the silicate-based ceramic particles2、CaSO4、H3BO3、Na2The contents of the key components of O and MgO ensure that the silicate-based ceramic particles can form an amorphous phase through water-cooling quenching at the temperature of 550-650 ℃. Compared with some methods for improving the interface strength by adding alloy elements, performing surface pretreatment on ceramic particles, coating a metal layer and the like, the method has more ideal amorphous phase effect, and does not generate intermetallic compounds of brittle and hard phases to damage the performance of the material. The content of several key components of the silicate-based ceramic particles is controlled in order to provide good amorphous phase forming ability and to provide a melting point below the melting point of the aluminum alloy, thereby avoiding damage to the formed aluminum alloy during subsequent heating.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the amorphous silicate particles can modify the interface and play a role of a binder, the wettability of the SiC/Al interface is improved, and the uniformity of the microstructure is improved.
(2) The content of Si element in the aluminum matrix and the content proportion of each key component in the silicate-based ceramic particles are adjusted and controlled, so that the silicate particles can present an amorphous phase.
(3) The aluminum-based composite material containing amorphous silicate particles can be obtained by both preparation methods.
(4) The aluminum matrix composite material has excellent Bush hardness and bending strength, and can be used for manufacturing automobile parts, aerospace vehicles and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a comparison XRD plot of the materials of example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2;
FIG. 2 is an XRD pattern of the silicate-based ceramic particles of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the Bush hardness after pre-aging for the aluminum-based composite of example 1, the aluminum alloy of comparative example 1, and the single composite of comparative example 2;
fig. 4 is a graph comparing the flexural strength of the aluminum alloy of example 1, the aluminum alloy of comparative example 1, and the single composite of comparative example 2.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
Example 1
An amorphous silicate particle and SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite (denoted as ASC) comprising an aluminum matrix as a matrix and silicate particles and SiC particles as a reinforcement, the silicate particles being located between the aluminum matrix and the SiC particles, the aluminum matrix having a thickness of 10-15mm, the silicate particles having a particle diameter of 58-45um, the SiC particles having a particle diameter of 10-20 um.
The silicate particles are silicate-based ceramic particles, amorphous phase is formed by water-cooling quenching at the temperature of 550-650 ℃, and the glass phase transition temperature of the silicate-based ceramic particles is 100-200 ℃. The XRD pattern of the material is shown in figure 1, and it can be seen that after the material is heated to 600 ℃ and then water-cooled and quenched, the silicate-based ceramic particles in the ASC lose diffraction peaks, and the bases slightly protrude to present steamed bread peaks.
Wherein the aluminum matrix is silicon-aluminum alloy, the mass percent of Si element in the silicon-aluminum alloy is 15%, the mass percent of SiC particles in the aluminum matrix composite is 20%, and the silicon is selected from the group consisting ofThe mass percentage content of the acid salt-based ceramic particles is 10%. The silicate-based ceramic particles comprise SiO2、CaSO4、H3BO3、Na2O, MgO and Al2O3Wherein, SiO265 percent of CaSO4Is 7.5% by mass, H3BO3Is 10% by mass of Na25 percent of O, 5 percent of MgO and 5 percent of Al2O3The mass percent content is 7.5 percent, as shown in figure 2, SiO2There are distinct diffraction peaks, which are not shown in the figure because other peaks are relatively miscellaneous.
The aluminum-based composite material is prepared by the following preparation method:
the SiC particles, silicate-based ceramic particles, and silicon-aluminum alloy powder, which meet the particle size and composition requirements, were subjected to a mixing process in a mechanical mixer for 60 minutes to obtain a homogeneous mixture. And then obtaining the aluminum-based composite material by a powder metallurgy method (generally comprising powder preparation, powder pretreatment, forming, sintering and post-treatment, in the embodiment, the powder preparation and the powder pretreatment are omitted, the forming process is cold press forming of a die, the cold pressing pressure is 800MPa, the pressure increasing rate is 1.5kN/s, the pressure maintaining time is 180s, the post-treatment comprises solid solution and aging), the powder metallurgy sintering temperature is not more than 650 ℃, and the sintering time is 4 h. Then carrying out solid solution at 600 ℃ for 30min, then carrying out ice water quenching, wherein the temperature of ice water is 0 ℃, quenching for 1-2 seconds, artificially aging at 220 ℃ for 24 hours, and finally cooling to room temperature in air.
The mechanical properties of the prepared aluminum matrix composite material are detected, and are specifically shown in fig. 3 and 4. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the Bush hardness of the aluminum matrix composite of the present embodiment before aging is close to 80HB, and after aging is as high as 100HB, and as can be seen from FIG. 4, the bending strength of the aluminum matrix composite of the present embodiment is 220MPa, and the aluminum matrix composite can be used for manufacturing automobile parts, aerospace vehicles and the like.
Example 2
Except for the silicon-aluminum alloy, the mass percent of Si element is 25%, the mass percent of SiC particles is 15%, and the mass percent of silicate-based ceramic particles is 10%, the rest is the same as that in the embodiment 1, and the obtained aluminum-based composite material has excellent Bush hardness and bending strength.
The aluminum-based composite material is prepared by the following preparation method:
taking SiC particles, silicate-based ceramic particles and silicon-aluminum alloy powder which meet the requirements of particle size and components. And then, obtaining the aluminum-based composite material by a smelting and casting method, namely preheating test tools such as a crucible, a mold, a scoop and the like to 120-200 ℃, coating or spraying a coating on the surface of the test tools, and then heating the test tools to 200-300 ℃ to dry and remove moisture. Heating the resistance furnace to 600 ℃, clamping the aluminum-silicon alloy block by using a clamp, putting the aluminum-silicon alloy block into a crucible, heating the resistance furnace to 720 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 4 hours stably to ensure that the aluminum-silicon alloy is completely melted. After the aluminum-silicon alloy is completely melted, uniformly spreading a refining agent on the liquid surface, solidifying the aluminum-silicon alloy into a piece, pressing the aluminum-silicon alloy into the bottom of the liquid by using a scoop, keeping the aluminum-silicon alloy for a plurality of seconds, after the aluminum-silicon alloy is fully reacted, uniformly stirring the aluminum-silicon alloy for about 5 minutes by using the scoop, floating a large amount of residues on the surface, raking out the residues, and repeating the refining for a plurality of times. Adding a certain amount of SiC particles and silicate-based ceramic particles in sequence, stirring uniformly, standing for about 10 minutes, and preparing for casting the melt. Clamping the preheated molds by using pliers, sequentially arranging the molds on a clean ground, fixing the molds by using fixing pliers, taking out the crucible after the aluminum liquid is completely kept stand, placing the crucible on the ground for cooling, and carefully pouring the crucible into the molds; naturally cooling and forming, taking out, carrying out solid solution at 600 ℃ for 30min, then carrying out ice water quenching, wherein the temperature of ice water is 0 ℃, artificially aging at 220 ℃ for 24 hours, and finally cooling to room temperature in air.
Example 3
Except for the silicon-aluminum alloy, the mass percent of Si element is 20%, the mass percent of SiC particles is 15%, and the mass percent of silicate-based ceramic particles is 20%, the rest is the same as that in the embodiment 1, and the obtained aluminum-based composite material has excellent Bush hardness and bending strength.
Example 4
An amorphous phase silicate particle and SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material was obtained in the same manner as in example 1 except that the silicate particles were palm shell ash, i.e., natural silicate particles, and the aluminum matrix composite material was excellent in Bush hardness and bending strength.
Comparative example 1
A silicon-aluminum alloy (marked as AA) is provided, wherein the content of Si element in percentage by mass is 15%, the XRD pattern of the material is specifically shown as figure 1, and the mechanical properties of the prepared aluminum-based composite material are detected as specifically shown as figures 3 and 4. As can be seen from fig. 3, the bosch hardness of the silicon-aluminum alloy of the present example before aging is 50HB, and the bending strength of the silicon-aluminum alloy of the present example is 140Mpa, as can be seen from fig. 4.
Comparative example 2
A single SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material (marked AS AS) comprises an aluminum matrix used AS a matrix and SiC particles used AS a reinforcement, wherein the mass percentage content of the SiC particles is 20%, the aluminum matrix is a silicon-aluminum alloy, the mass content of Si element in the silicon-aluminum alloy is 15%, the XRD (X-ray diffraction) diagram of the material is specifically shown in figure 1, and the mechanical properties of the prepared aluminum matrix composite material are detected, and are specifically shown in figures 3 and 4. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the Bush hardness of the aluminum matrix composite material of the present example before aging was 60HB, and after aging was about 70HB, and as can be seen from FIG. 4, the bending strength of the aluminum matrix composite material of the present example was 195 MPa.
Comparing example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, it can be seen that the mechanical properties of the aluminum matrix composite material of the present invention are significantly improved, i.e., the silicate-based particles improve the SiC/Al bonding interface, thereby improving the material properties.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. An amorphous phase silicate particle and SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, characterized in that the aluminum matrix composite material comprises an aluminum matrix as a matrix and silicate particles and SiC particles as a reinforcement, the silicate particles are positioned between the aluminum matrix and the SiC particles, the silicate particles are in an amorphous phase by water-cooling quenching at 550-650 ℃, the silicate particles are silicate-based ceramic particles, and SiO in the silicate-based ceramic particles2、CaSO4、H3BO3、Na2The mass ratio of O to MgO is (55-70): 10-15): 5-10):5: 5.
2. The amorphous silicate particle and SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material of claim 1, wherein said aluminum matrix is a silicon aluminum alloy, and the Si content of said silicon aluminum alloy is 15-25% by mass.
3. The amorphous silicate particle and SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material according to claim 1, wherein the mass percentage of SiC particles in the aluminum matrix composite material is 15-20%.
4. The amorphous silicate particle and SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material according to claim 1, wherein the silicate particle is contained in an amount of 10 to 20% by mass.
5. The amorphous silicate particle and SiC particle reinforced Al-based composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the glass transition temperature of said silicate particles is 100-200 ℃.
6. A method for preparing the amorphous phase silicate particle and SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the aluminum matrix composite material is prepared by a powder metallurgy method or a smelting casting method, and the silicate particle is quenched by water cooling at 550-650 ℃ to form an amorphous phase.
7. Use of the amorphous silicate particles and SiC particles reinforced aluminum matrix composite according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in automobile parts or aerospace vehicles.
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