CN112981189A - Mixed reinforced aluminum-based composite material capable of self-generating nanoscale net-shaped protective layer - Google Patents
Mixed reinforced aluminum-based composite material capable of self-generating nanoscale net-shaped protective layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN112981189A CN112981189A CN202110149564.1A CN202110149564A CN112981189A CN 112981189 A CN112981189 A CN 112981189A CN 202110149564 A CN202110149564 A CN 202110149564A CN 112981189 A CN112981189 A CN 112981189A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
Abstract
The invention relates to a mixed reinforced aluminum-based composite material capable of self-generating a nanoscale mesh-shaped protective layer, which comprises a matrix and a reinforcing phase, wherein the matrix is made of aluminum alloy, the reinforcing phase comprises a first reinforcing phase and a second reinforcing phase, the first reinforcing phase is hard ceramic particles, the second reinforcing phase is made of calcium silicate, calcium aluminate and a mixture of metal salt and/or metal oxide, and the metal in the metal salt or metal oxidation is alkali metal or alkaline earth metal. Compared with the prior art, the invention can form a mechanical transfer layer, so that the structure is gradually densified, and a modified mechanical mixing layer is formed to protect a matrix and improve the friction performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aluminum-based composite materials, in particular to a mixed reinforced aluminum-based composite material capable of self-generating a nanoscale net-shaped protective layer.
Background
The aluminum-based composite material is one of lightweight composite materials, and has the advantages of light weight, low abrasion loss, good heat conductivity and good thermal fatigue resistance. However, under high load and high-speed operation, the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material enters a state of abrasion of the three-body abrasive, the friction coefficient is reduced, and the braking performance is insufficient. The research on the abrasion of the three-body abrasive shows that the abrasive dust separated from the matrix has two motion states, the first motion state is that the abrasive dust can further escape from the abrasion surface to become abrasion particles, so that the friction performance is rapidly deteriorated, and the second motion state is that the abrasive dust can be left on the abrasion surface to participate in the formation of a mechanical transfer layer, so that the matrix is protected, and the friction performance is improved. Due to the difference in physicochemical properties between the hard ceramic particles and the aluminum matrix, the hard ceramic particles separated from the matrix mostly do not participate in the formation of the mechanically mixed layer, and directly become wear particles.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a mixed reinforced aluminum-based composite material capable of self-generating a nanoscale net-shaped protective layer, which can form a mechanical transfer layer, gradually densify the structure, form a modified mechanical mixing layer to protect a matrix and improve the friction performance.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the mixed reinforced aluminum-based composite material capable of self-generating the nanoscale mesh-shaped protective layer comprises a matrix and a reinforcing phase, wherein the matrix and the reinforcing phase are mixed, the reinforcing phase is uniformly distributed in the matrix, the matrix adopts aluminum alloy, the reinforcing phase comprises a first reinforcing phase and a second reinforcing phase, the first reinforcing phase is hard ceramic particles, the second reinforcing phase adopts calcium silicate, calcium aluminate and a mixture of metal salt and/or metal oxide (namely, the second reinforcing phase adopts calcium silicate and calcium aluminate, and metal salt and metal oxide can simultaneously exist or exist in any one of the metal salt and the metal oxide), the metal in the metal salt or the metal oxide is alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, and the first reinforcing phase and the second reinforcing phase are uniformly distributed in the matrix.
The calcium silicate includes tricalcium silicate, dicalcium calcium silicate, partially hydrated tricalcium silicate, and partially hydrated dicalcium calcium silicate.
The calcium aluminates include tricalcium aluminate, tetracalcium aluminoferrite, partially hydrated tricalcium aluminate, and partially hydrated tetracalcium aluminoferrite.
The metal salt includes alkali metal sulfate (such as Na)2SO4，CaSO4，K2SO4) Alkali metal sulfate crystalline hydrates (e.g., CaSO)4·2H2O, etc.), alkali metal carbonates (e.g., Na)2CO3，CaCO3，K2CO3) Crystalline hydrates of alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal silicates (e.g. Na)2SiO3，CaSiO3，K2SO3) Alkali metal silicate crystalline hydrate, alkaline earth metal sulfate crystalline hydrate, alkaline earth metal carbonate crystalline hydrate, alkaline earth metal silicate, and alkaline earth metal silicate crystalline hydrate.
The metal oxide includes anhydrous metal oxides and metal oxide crystalline hydrates (e.g., Ca (OH)2，CaSO4·2H2O，Ca(OH)2Namely CaO + H2O)。
The calcium silicate, calcium aluminate, metal salt and metal oxide all comprise pure substances and natural aluminosilicate particles or waste minerals containing the pure substances.
The hard ceramic particles are selected from one or more of silicon carbide particles, silicon nitride particles or aluminum oxide particles.
The aluminum alloys include various types of 1-7 series aluminum alloys.
In the mixed reinforced aluminum-based composite material, the content of the first reinforcing phase is 0-30 wt% and is not 0, and the total mass content of the second reinforcing phase is 10-20 wt%.
In the second reinforcing phase, the mass ratio of calcium silicate, calcium aluminate, metal salt and/or metal oxide is (50-80): 5-25, namely the mass ratio of calcium silicate, calcium aluminate and metal salt is (50-80): 5-25, or the mass ratio of calcium silicate, calcium aluminate and metal oxide is (50-80): 5-25, or the mass ratio of calcium silicate, calcium aluminate, metal salt and metal oxide is (50-80): 5-25.
The preparation of the aluminum-based composite material can adopt various preparation methods including a liquid state process, a solid state method, a two-phase method, an in-situ composite method and the like, and the methods are all commonly adopted preparation methods.
The aluminum-based composite material is formed by adopting calcium silicate, calcium aluminate and metal salt or metal oxide as a second reinforcing phase, taking the calcium silicate, the calcium aluminate and the metal salt or metal oxide as the first reinforcing phase together with hard ceramic particles as the reinforcing phase and aluminum alloy as a matrix together. Substances such as calcium silicate and calcium aluminate in the second reinforcing phase can be ground and crushed in the friction process, namely, physically activated, the temperature between friction partners (friction partners refer to friction materials and the abbreviation of friction materials) is increased, namely, thermally activated, and metal salts or metal oxides can also chemically activate the calcium silicate and the calcium aluminate in the friction process, and the rapid and large generation of hydration products is promoted by the change of the substances in the friction process, and finally the substances can participate in the formation of a mechanical mixing layer, so that the friction performance of the aluminum-based composite material under high load is improved. The invention also can rapidly generate a large amount of hydration products such as hydrated aluminate minerals, hydrated calcium silicate, ettringite and the like in the friction process through proper component adjustment, the hydration products are mutually crosslinked to form a skeleton network with nano-scale pores, and the skeleton network can participate in the formation of a mechanical transfer layer, so that the structure gradually becomes compact, the modified mechanical transfer layer is formed to protect a matrix, and the friction performance is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an XRD pattern of a hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the wear rate of a hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material made in example 1 as a function of applied load;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the coefficient of friction of a hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared in example 1 as a function of applied load;
FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged scanning electron microscope image of the hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material of example 1 after being subjected to friction;
FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged transmission electron microscope image of the hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material of example 1 after being subjected to friction;
FIG. 6 is a scanning electron microscope image of the hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material of example 1 after being rubbed;
FIG. 7 is an XRD pattern of the single reinforced aluminum matrix composite material of comparative example 1;
FIG. 8 is a graph of wear rate as a function of applied load for the single reinforced aluminum matrix composite of comparative example 1;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the coefficient of friction of the single reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to comparative example 1 as a function of applied load.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
A mixed reinforced aluminum-based composite material capable of self-generating a nanoscale net-shaped protective layer comprises a matrix and a reinforcing phase, wherein the matrix is made of aluminum alloy, the reinforcing phase comprises a first reinforcing phase and a second reinforcing phase, the first reinforcing phase is hard ceramic particles, the second reinforcing phase is made of calcium silicate, calcium aluminate and a mixture of metal salt and/or metal oxide, and metal in the metal salt or the metal oxide is alkali metal or alkaline earth metal. In the mixed reinforced aluminum-based composite material, the content of the first reinforcing phase is 0-30 wt% and is not 0, the total mass content of the second reinforcing phase is 10-20 wt%, and the mass ratio of calcium silicate, calcium aluminate, metal salt and/or metal oxide in the second reinforcing phase is (50-80): 5-25).
The calcium silicates include tricalcium silicate, dicalcium calcium silicate, partially hydrated tricalcium silicate, and partially hydrated dicalcium calcium silicate, the calcium aluminates include tricalcium aluminate, tetracalcium aluminoferrite, partially hydrated tricalcium aluminate, and partially hydrated tetracalcium aluminoferrite, the metal salts include alkali metal sulfates, alkali metal sulfate crystalline hydrates, alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal carbonate crystalline hydrates, alkali metal silicates, alkali metal silicate crystalline hydrates, alkaline earth metal sulfates, alkaline earth metal sulfate crystalline hydrates, alkaline earth metal carbonates, alkaline earth metal carbonate crystalline hydrates, alkaline earth metal silicates, and alkaline earth metal silicate crystalline hydrates, and the metal oxides include anhydrous metal oxides and metal oxide crystalline hydrates. Calcium silicate, calcium aluminate, metal salts and metal oxides all include pure materials as well as natural aluminosilicate particles or waste minerals containing such pure materials. The hard ceramic particles are selected from one or more of silicon carbide particles, silicon nitride particles or aluminum oxide particles, and the aluminum alloy comprises aluminum alloys of 1-7 series.
Example 1
A mixed reinforced aluminum-based composite material capable of self-generating a nanoscale mesh protective layer comprises a matrix and a reinforcing phase, wherein the matrix is made of aluminum alloy, the aluminum alloy is silicon-aluminum alloy and comprises 80 wt% of aluminum and 20 wt% of silicon, the reinforcing phase comprises a first reinforcing phase and a second reinforcing phase, the first reinforcing phase is hard ceramic particles, specifically silicon carbide particles, the second reinforcing phase is made of a mixture of calcium silicate, calcium aluminate and metal salt, and the metal salt is calcium sulfate. In the mixed reinforced aluminum-based composite material, the content of the aluminum alloy is 70 wt%, the content of the first reinforcing phase is 20 wt%, the total mass content of the second reinforcing phase is 10 wt%, and the mass ratio of calcium silicate (in this embodiment, specifically tricalcium silicate), calcium aluminate (in this embodiment, specifically tricalcium aluminate), and calcium sulfate in the second reinforcing phase is 65:25: 10. The XRD pattern of the material is shown in fig. 1, and it can be seen that the matrix aluminum phase and silicon phase, and the added first enhancement phase silicon carbide and tricalcium silicate in the second enhancement phase, other trace elements cannot be shown due to the small content.
The mixed reinforced aluminum-based composite material is prepared by adopting a powder metallurgy process: the first reinforcing phase, the second reinforcing phase particles and the aluminum matrix, which meet the requirements of the composition, are subjected to a mixing process in a mechanical mixer for 50 to 70 minutes to obtain a uniform mixture. And then molding the mixture by cold press molding of a mold, wherein the cold press pressure is 700-900MPa, the pressure increasing rate is 1.5kN/s, the pressure maintaining time is 160-200s, the powder metallurgy sintering temperature is not more than 620 ℃, and the sintering time is 2 h. Then solid solution is carried out for 20-40min at the temperature of 550-650 ℃, then ice water quenching is carried out for 1-2 seconds, the working time is 18-22 hours at the temperature of 200-240 ℃, and finally the steel is cooled to room temperature in the air.
The material is made into blocks of 10 × 7 × 20mm and placed in an M2000 type friction testing machine to be subjected to friction performance tests under different loads (20, 40, 60 and 80N), the friction mode is sliding block type dry friction, the friction material is GCr15, after the speed is 0.5M/s for 30min, the friction performance graphs of the material are respectively shown in figures 2 and 3, and it can be seen that the friction coefficient of the material is still kept above 0.6 under a medium load, the wear rate is not obviously increased, and the overall braking performance is improved. Observing the surface of the material, specifically referring to fig. 4, 5 and 6, wherein fig. 4 shows a generated mechanical transfer layer (hydration products participate in the formation of the mechanical mixing layer, and the main body of the mechanical mixing layer is also an aluminum phase), and fig. 5 shows the morphology of the generated hydration products, which shows that the material of the present invention can generate hydration products in the three-body abrasive wear process, the hydration products are mutually crosslinked to form a discontinuous skeleton network with nanometer pores, the skeleton network participates in the formation of the mechanical transfer layer, the structure gradually becomes dense, the modified mechanical mixing layer is formed to protect the matrix, the friction performance is improved, the thickness of the mechanical transfer layer is thin, the mechanical transfer layer can be observed only by local magnification, the overall graph under low magnification is not observed, and fig. 6 is supplemented for reference.
Example 2
The matrix is made of aluminum alloy, the aluminum alloy is silicon-aluminum alloy and comprises 80 wt% of aluminum and 20 wt% of silicon, the reinforcing phase comprises a first reinforcing phase and a second reinforcing phase, the first reinforcing phase is hard ceramic particles, specifically silicon carbide particles, the second reinforcing phase is made of a mixture of tricalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate and metal salt, and the metal salt is calcium sulfate. The mixed reinforced aluminum-based composite material comprises 65 wt% of aluminum alloy, 20 wt% of a first reinforcing phase and 15 wt% of a second reinforcing phase, wherein the mass ratio of tricalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate and calcium sulfate in the second reinforcing phase is 65:25: 10.
Example 3
The matrix is made of aluminum alloy, the aluminum alloy is silicon-aluminum alloy and comprises 80 wt% of aluminum and 20 wt% of silicon, the reinforcing phase comprises a first reinforcing phase and a second reinforcing phase, the first reinforcing phase is hard ceramic particles, specifically silicon carbide particles, the second reinforcing phase is made of a mixture of tricalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate and metal salt, and the metal salt is calcium sulfate. The mixed reinforced aluminum-based composite material comprises 75 wt% of aluminum alloy, 20 wt% of a first reinforcing phase and 5 wt% of a second reinforcing phase, wherein the mass ratio of tricalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate and calcium sulfate in the second reinforcing phase is 65:25: 10.
Example 4
The utility model provides a can generate aluminium base composite of mixed reinforcing of netted protective layer of nanometer from, includes base member and reinforcing phase, and the base member adopts AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy, and the reinforcing phase includes first reinforcing phase and second reinforcing phase, and first reinforcing phase is the hard ceramic granule, specifically is silicon carbide granule, and the second reinforcing phase adopts the mixture of dicalcium silicate, four calcium aluminoferrite and metal salt, and the metal salt is calcium sulfate. The mixed reinforced aluminum-based composite material comprises 70 wt% of aluminum alloy, 20 wt% of a first reinforcing phase and 10 wt% of a second reinforcing phase, wherein the mass ratio of dicalcium silicate, tetracalcium aluminoferrite and calcium sulfate in the second reinforcing phase is 50:40: 10.
Example 5
The utility model provides a can generate aluminium base composite of mixed reinforcing of netted protective layer of nanometer from, includes base member and reinforcing phase, and the base member adopts AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy, and the reinforcing phase includes first reinforcing phase and second reinforcing phase, and first reinforcing phase is the hard ceramic granule, specifically is silicon carbide granule, and the second reinforcing phase adopts the mixture of dicalcium silicate, four calcium aluminoferrite and metal salt, and the metal salt is calcium sulfate. The mixed reinforced aluminum-based composite material comprises 75 wt% of aluminum alloy, 20 wt% of a first reinforcing phase and 5 wt% of a second reinforcing phase, wherein the mass ratio of dicalcium silicate, tetracalcium aluminoferrite and calcium sulfate in the second reinforcing phase is 50:40: 10.
Comparative example 1
The single reinforced aluminum-based composite material comprises a matrix and a reinforcing phase, wherein the matrix adopts a silicon-aluminum alloy, the aluminum alloy is the silicon-aluminum alloy and comprises 80 wt% of aluminum and 20 wt% of silicon, the reinforcing phase is silicon carbide particles, and in the single reinforced aluminum-based composite material, the content of the aluminum alloy is 80 wt% and the content of the reinforcing phase is 20 wt%. The XRD patterns are shown in fig. 7, and it can be observed that the aluminum phase and the silicon phase as the matrix and the reinforced phase of silicon carbide were subjected to the wear performance test under the same conditions as in example 1, the wear rate is shown in fig. 8, the friction coefficient is shown in fig. 9, the friction coefficient is lower at medium and high loads, and the braking performance is insufficient.
The self-generation effect of the nano-scale net-shaped protective layer can be realized by the types of various substances and the content range of various substances listed in the invention, only the effect has a relative high or low degree, the key point is the self-generation mode realized under the friction condition and the component selection, and the comparison of the figures 1-3 and 7-9 shows that the friction coefficient of the mixed reinforced aluminum-based composite material is excellent, and the wear rate is not obviously increased.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The mixed reinforced aluminum-based composite material capable of self-generating the nanoscale mesh-shaped protective layer is characterized by comprising a matrix and a reinforcing phase, wherein the matrix is made of aluminum alloy, the reinforcing phase comprises a first reinforcing phase and a second reinforcing phase, the first reinforcing phase is hard ceramic particles, the second reinforcing phase is made of calcium silicate, calcium aluminate and a mixture of metal salt and/or metal oxide, and metal in the metal salt or metal oxide is alkali metal or alkaline earth metal.
2. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the calcium silicate comprises tricalcium silicate, dicalcium calcium silicate, partially hydrated tricalcium silicate and partially hydrated dicalcium calcium silicate.
3. The composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calcium aluminate comprises tricalcium aluminate, tetracalcium aluminoferrite, partially hydrated tricalcium aluminate and partially hydrated tetracalcium aluminoferrite.
4. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the metal salt comprises alkali metal sulfate, crystalline hydrate of alkali metal carbonate, alkali metal silicate, crystalline hydrate of alkali metal silicate, alkaline earth metal sulfate, crystalline hydrate of alkaline earth metal sulfate, alkaline earth metal carbonate, crystalline hydrate of alkaline earth metal carbonate, alkaline earth metal silicate and crystalline hydrate of alkaline earth metal silicate.
5. The hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material capable of self-generating a nanoscale network protective layer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metal oxide comprises anhydrous metal oxide and crystalline hydrate of metal oxide.
6. The hybrid reinforced Al-based composite material capable of self-forming a nanoscale network protective layer according to claim 2, 3, 4 or 5, wherein the calcium silicate, calcium aluminate, metal salt and metal oxide all comprise pure substances and natural aluminosilicate particles or waste minerals containing the pure substances.
7. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the hard ceramic particles are selected from one or more of silicon carbide particles, silicon nitride particles, or aluminum oxide particles.
8. The hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material capable of self-generating a nanoscale network protective layer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises aluminum alloys of 1-7 series.
9. The aluminum-based composite material with self-generated nanoscale network protection layer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first reinforcing phase is 0-30 wt% and the second reinforcing phase is 10-20 wt% of the total mass of the composite material.
10. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the second reinforcing phase comprises calcium silicate, calcium aluminate, metal salt and/or metal oxide at a mass ratio of (50-80) to (5-25).
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000160309A (en) * | 1998-11-19 | 2000-06-13 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | High performance aluminum matrix composite |
| DE102011012142B3 (en) * | 2011-02-24 | 2012-01-26 | Daimler Ag | Aluminum matrix composite, semi-finished aluminum matrix composite material and process for its production |
| CN109415256A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2019-03-01 | 索里迪亚科技公司 | Synthesize volcanic ash |
| CN111690840A (en) * | 2020-05-30 | 2020-09-22 | 同济大学 | Amorphous phase silicate particle and SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and preparation |
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- 2021-02-03 CN CN202110149564.1A patent/CN112981189A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000160309A (en) * | 1998-11-19 | 2000-06-13 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | High performance aluminum matrix composite |
| DE102011012142B3 (en) * | 2011-02-24 | 2012-01-26 | Daimler Ag | Aluminum matrix composite, semi-finished aluminum matrix composite material and process for its production |
| CN109415256A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2019-03-01 | 索里迪亚科技公司 | Synthesize volcanic ash |
| CN111690840A (en) * | 2020-05-30 | 2020-09-22 | 同济大学 | Amorphous phase silicate particle and SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and preparation |
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Application publication date: 20210618 |