CN106521252B - Train brake disk enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles and preparation method - Google Patents
Train brake disk enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106521252B CN106521252B CN201611116307.3A CN201611116307A CN106521252B CN 106521252 B CN106521252 B CN 106521252B CN 201611116307 A CN201611116307 A CN 201611116307A CN 106521252 B CN106521252 B CN 106521252B
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- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910003465 moissanite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018580 Al—Zr Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000551 Silumin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 208000025599 Heat Stress disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910019752 Mg2Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910016570 AlCu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000846 In alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMWBBMXGHHLDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].[Si] Chemical compound [AlH3].[Si] KMWBBMXGHHLDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010406 interfacial reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009718 spray deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZBZJXHCVGLJWFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloromethyl(.) Chemical compound Cl[C](Cl)Cl ZBZJXHCVGLJWFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
- C22C32/0063—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides based on SiC
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D65/00—Parts or details
- F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
- F16D65/12—Discs; Drums for disc brakes
- F16D65/125—Discs; Drums for disc brakes characterised by the material used for the disc body
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0004—Materials; Production methods therefor metallic
- F16D2200/0026—Non-ferro
- F16D2200/003—Light metals, e.g. aluminium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2250/00—Manufacturing; Assembly
- F16D2250/0007—Casting
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of train brake disk enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles and preparation method, the composite, including following components form by mass percentage：SiC particulate 15~25%, Si 18 24%, Mg 0.6 3.5%, Zr 0.15 0.35%, Sc 0.12 0.45%, surplus are Al and inevitable impurity.Its preparation method is that 15~25 μm of SiC is added in aluminum melt in granular form, obtains enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles by 10~15 μm SiC, Mg, Si, Zr, Sc respectively in the form of intermediate alloy.The present invention efficiently solves silicon-carbide particle and the problem of dispersed difficult and interface cohesion difference, gives full play to particle enhancing effect in matrix, improve the obdurability of alloy by the way that fine grained SiC is added in the form of Mg SiC；Simultaneously, transition element zirconium and rare earth Sc are added, titanium crystal grain thinning is substituted and significantly improves the obdurability and heat resistance of aluminum matrix composite, suppress the appearance of heat fatigue cracking, in addition, the addition of rare earth scandium has good modified effect to silicon-carbide particle and aluminium alloy interface compatibility.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to that the present invention relates to a kind of train brake disk enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles and preparation side
Method, particularly relate to a kind of train brake disk high-strength, heat-resisting, shock proof enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles and its system
Preparation Method, belong to the brake apparatus field of track traffic.
Background technology
It is extremely crucial for locomotive effective brake in technical field of rail traffic, the material of brake disc.Bullet train is urgent
During braking, huge braking thermic load makes brake disc produce very big thermograde, and thus produces thermal stress and may cause
Fire check.The material of brake disc requires good thermal fatigue resistance, under various operating modes the coefficient of friction of friction pair it is steady,
Wear rate is low, and mechanical performance and heat-resist, while should also have at a relatively high thermal conductivity, thermal capacitance and line as small as possible swollen
Coefficient.
At present, the traditional material of domestic and international brake disc is still mainly based on cast steel, forged steel etc..Mitigating train deadweight, carrying
Under the extremely urgent situation of high train running speed, cast iron (steel) brake disc can not meet the brake request of train, mainly
Show following two aspect：(1) brake disc service life is short, wherein the overwhelming majority be due to thermal capacity deficiency produce heat cracks and
Change.Thus, in order to realize the safety and reliability braked under high-speed condition, it is necessary to increase the quantity of brake disc, reduce system
Moving plate thermic load, so as to cause traction power consumption to greatly increase and need to frequently change brake pad.(2) density of cast iron (steel)
Greatly, it is unfavorable for the lightweight of vehicle, significantly limit the raising of train speed.By taking modern architecture in Japan electric EMU as an example, often
On root axletree, four steel brake discs are installed, a bogie there are 8 brake discs, and weight is about 0.5t, accounts for weight under train spring
The 20% of amount, and the preferable brake disc weight of bullet train should be 10% of unsprung weight or so.
Ceramic particle reinforced aluminium base composite material has the high-wearing feature of its ceramic particle component, high rigidity (intensity) and low
The characteristics of coefficient of expansion, there is the characteristics of good heat conductivity and low-density of its matrix component aluminium alloy again, thus braking
Application in terms of disk has obtained extensive concern and the research of countries in the world, it is considered to be the reason of brake disc of high-speed train ferrous materials
Think alternative materials.The preparation method of enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles mainly has powder metallurgic method, infiltration method, stirring casting
Make method, spray deposition etc..Fine Texture of Material prepared by powder metallurgic method more it is thin evenly, interface cohesion is preferable, reinforcement
Content is up to 70%, and rigidity and intensity are high, and plasticity and toughness good (>=5%), thermal conductivity is good, the coefficient of expansion is moderate, is mainly used in
Aerospace structure part, lifting airscrew connector, aircraft abdomeinal fin, guide vane, supporting structure, support etc..But the technique
Complexity, long preparation period, accessory size are restricted.The matrix alloy crystal grain that liquid metal stirring casting method obtains is tiny, but
Be due to ceramic phase reinforcement particle and aluminum melt wetability it is poor, therefore, it is more difficult to realize that reinforcement particle is uniformly distributed,
Easily reunite in metal, and serious chemical reaction easily occurs with aluminum melt for reinforcement particle, causes interface cohesion also poor.
Compared with powder metallurgy process, the technique is simple, production efficiency is high, manufacturing cost is low, although the material stiffness prepared is higher,
It is that intensity and plasticity are relatively low.It is currently used primarily in and prepares automobile brake disc, piston, piston ring, connecting rod, brake disc of high-speed train
Deng.
Chinese Patent Application No. 201510854685.0 discloses a kind of enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles braking
Disk, its component include 75%-60% Al, 20%-30% silicon, 5%-12% carbon, manganese：0.02%-1.2% ,≤0.5%
Iron, 0.4%-2.0% magnesium, 0.05%-1% titanium.Wherein carbon exists in the form of carborundum, and element silicon is with aluminium silicon
Two kinds of forms of alloy and silicon-carbide particle are present.Silicon-carbide particle granularity nominal value is normal distribution in 15 μm, 5 μm -25 μm.In
State patent CN100575520 " a kind of aluminum base composite material for automobile brake disk and preparation method thereof " discloses a kind of aluminum-base composite
Material, wherein enhancing phase titanium boride and carborundum be evenly distributed in containing magnesium, copper alumina-base material in.Chinese patent
CN100406598 " a kind of automobile brake disc with composite and preparation method thereof " discloses one kind particularly useful for making automobile
Particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of brake disc and preparation method thereof.The material is with generated in-situ during casting solidification
Mg2Si enhancing particle dispersions are distributed in the alloy matrix aluminum containing Si, Cu and formed, and its component weight percent content is：
Mg2Si 15-35%, Si 1-15%, Cu 1-5%, Al surpluses.Its preparation process is：With pure magnesium, fine copper, weight
Percentage is that Al-20%Si intermediate alloys are raw material, after dispensing fusing, adds coverture；Pure magnesium is added at 690-720 DEG C
To fusing and temperature it is uniform after, add refining agent, be incubated 5-10 minutes；Alterant is added, is incubated more than 5 minutes；By common
Casting technique moulding by casting.The material has higher intensity, hardness, plasticity, dimensional stability and good wearability.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome prior art exist silicon-carbide particle and aluminium alloy compatibility it is bad, cause carbon
Silicon carbide particle is easily reunited, and the problem of aluminum matrix composite heat resistance and poor obdurability, there is provided a kind of train brake disk
With enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles and preparation method.Enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles prepared by the present invention
With high-strength, heat-resisting, shock proof advantage.
The plasticity of ceramic particle reinforced aluminium base composite material is relatively low, and the aluminum matrix composite of the 20vol% containing SiC particulate prolongs
The rate of stretching is only 0.5% or so, and brake disc is when bearing alternation thermic load, the once cracked germinating in aluminum matrix composite,
Just it is easy to extend, as a result causes burst accident.Solve the interface problem of acieral and silicon-carbide particle, improve alloy substrate
Heat resistance, be to realize high-strength, heat-resisting, the shock proof key of aluminum matrix composite.
Train brake disk enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles of the present invention, including following components are by mass percentage
Composition：It is SiC particulate 15~25%, Si 18-24%, Mg 0.6-3.5%, Zr 0.15-0.35%, Sc 0.12-0.45%, remaining
Measure as Al and inevitable impurity；
In the composite, SiC particulate disperse is evenly distributed in the silumin matrix containing Zr, Sc；
SiC particulate by 5~10 μm of SiC particulate and 10~25 μm of SiC particulate gradation composition, wherein：Granularity be 10~
The percentage that 25 μm of SiC particulate accounts for SiC particulate gross mass is 93~96%, and granularity is that 5~10 μm of SiC particulate accounts for SiC
The percentage of grain gross mass is 4~7%.
A kind of preparation method of train brake disk enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles of the present invention, including following step
Suddenly：
Step 1, using the SiC that Mg and granularity are 5~10 μm as raw material, prepared using semisolid vortex stirring casting method
Mg-SiC intermediate alloys, SiC weight/mass percentage composition is 5~20% in Mg-SiC intermediate alloys；
Step 2, Si, Zr, Sc in the form of Al-Si, Al-Zr, Al-Sc intermediate alloy, granularity be 10~25 μm SiC with
Particle form, it is added to by following mass percent in aluminum melt：Si 18-24%, Zr0.15-0.35%, Sc 0.12-
0.45%, SiC particulate 14~24%, smelting temperature is 780~900 DEG C, is stirred；
Step 3, smelting temperature are reduced to 650~760 DEG C, add step 1 and obtain being Mg-SiC intermediate alloys, fully stir
After mixing uniformly；The refining agent deslagging degasification for accounting for melt quality 0.2%~0.4% is added, after standing 10~15 minutes, is poured into
Shape；The addition of Mg-SiC intermediate alloys accounts for the 0.6-3% of melt quality.
A kind of preparation method of enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles suitable for train brake disk of the invention；Prepare
Enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles, including following chemical composition (mass percent)：
Silicon：18-24%, carborundum：15-25%, zirconium：0.15-0.35%, scandium：0.12-0.45%, magnesium：0.6-3.5%,
Surplus is Al and inevitable impurity；
Wherein, carborundum exists in granular form, and its granularity is 5~25 μm, granularity (10~25 μm) SiC particulate quality hundred
Fraction is 14~24%, and granularity (5~10 μm) SiC particulate mass percent is 1~2%, and other elements are deposited with element form
In alloy.
A kind of preparation method of high-strength, heat-resisting, shock proof enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles of the present invention；It is described
Enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles, rare earth element can also be contained；The rare earth element accounts for SiC particles reinforced aluminium
The 0.01-1.0% of based composites gross mass.
A kind of preparation method of high-strength, heat-resisting, shock proof enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles of the present invention；It is described
Enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles, Fe, Mn, Ni etc. beneficial trace element can also be contained.
A kind of preparation method of enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles suitable for train brake disk of the invention；Prepare
The heat resistance of enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles meet and exceed existing train brake disk cylinder iron (steel) material, its
Elongation is more than or equal to 2%.The presence of SiC particles reinforced phase makes brake disc have stronger wear-resistant, anti-scuffing function.
Principle and advantage：
(1) in view of Mg and SiC have good wetability, the composite material interface of formation is smooth and without interfacial reaction, and
And aluminium liquid can be significantly improved in SiC particulate wettability of the surface, therefore Mg can be added in the aluminum matrix composite of liquid phase method preparation,
To improve interface wet ability, but often being added in the form of simple substance Mg can not solve the problems, such as that SiC powder is reunited in aluminium liquid.Therefore originally
Patent propose to be prepared into the methods of first casting Mg and (5~10 μm) SiC particulate using semisolid vortex stirring Mg- (5~
20%) SiC intermediate alloys, then Mg-SiC intermediate alloys are added in aluminium base liquid solution, solve fine grained carborundum dispersiveness
The problems such as poor.
(2) because the operation principle of brake disc is that the kinetic energy of train is converted into heat energy by frictional heat and handed over by heat
Change and be melt into air, brake disc can frequently bear the thermic load change to cold and heat succeed each other in actual use, therefore it is required that
Brake disc keeps stable mechanical property under of a relatively high brake temperature.With rare earth scandium combination transition elements zirconium, not only may be used
To substitute titanium, more notable refinement as-cast grain, and the Al formed after the compound addition of scandium, zirconium are played3(Sc, Zr) nano-strengthening phase
Material plasticity, intensity and heat resistance tool are increased significantly, the appearance of material heat fatigue cracking can be significantly reduced.And rare earth
Itself have the function that to lower aluminium liquid surface tension, beneficial to interface wet ability is improved, improve the flowing of aluminum matrix composite slurry
Property.
(3) in view of AlCu the or AlCuMg compound phases that Mg, Cu, Al are formed can cause the generation creep of aluminium alloy high temperature to show
As causing material resistance to elevated temperatures significantly to lower, therefore be not added with copper in the present invention in alloy matrix aluminum.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the metallographic structure of enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles prepared by embodiment 1.
As shown in Figure 1, silicon-carbide particle in enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles is provided with the present invention to be evenly distributed,
Can effectively solve the problems, such as that silicon-carbide particle is dispersed difficult in matrix, gives full play to particle enhancing effect.
Embodiment：
Implement 1~5：Prepare 1~5# alloys in table.
Semisolid prepares Mg-SiC alloys under vacuo first.Magnesium ingot is melted under vacuum conditions, after magnesium is completely melt
5~10 μm of SiC particulates are mixed into liquid magnesium matrix again, the stirring of liquid magnesium slurry is proceeded by before addition silicon-carbide particle,
Stirring can not stop in adition process, and whipping process needs positive stirring and reverse agitating function alternately, it is ensured that silicon-carbide particle is equal
Even Dispersed precipitate, heated after the completion of carborundum mixing by stopping, pouring into swage, be stripped after cooling.
And then the melting aluminum matrix composite in electrical crucible, smelting temperature are 800 DEG C.After fine aluminium fusing, first add
Enter Al-Si, Al-Zr, Al-Sc intermediate alloy, then (10~25 μm) SiC particulate is mixed into liquid magnesium matrix, add carborundum
Proceed by the stirring of molten aluminium alloy slurry before particle, stir and continue in adition process, whipping process needs positive stirring and anti-
To stirring alternately, it is ensured that silicon-carbide particle even dispersion is distributed, and is heated after the completion of carborundum mixing by stopping；Again will be molten
Liquid is down to 650 DEG C, adds Mg-SiC intermediate alloys, melts and stir, after removing surface slag, addition 0.2%~
0.4% carbon trichloride (C2Cl6) refining agent deslagging degasification, 10~15 minutes are stood, pours into swage, is stripped after cooling.Institute
The metallographic microstructure figure for obtaining aluminum matrix composite is shown in accompanying drawing 1.
The mechanical property of enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles prepared by present embodiment is as follows：
Room temperature tensile intensity：≥280MPa
Elongation after fracture：>=1.2%
Hardness (HB)：120~160
Moment high temperature resistant：250℃
320~280MPa of tensile strength at 100 DEG C, Brinell hardness are 135~150, elongation >=1.5%；Resist at 200 DEG C
Tensile strength is 270~280MPa, and Brinell hardness is 125~130, elongation >=2.5%；At 300 DEG C tensile strength be 260~
265MPa, Brinell hardness are 116~125, elongation >=5%.
Enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles proposed by the invention can have other purposes, it is not limited to track
The brake disc of vehicular traffic.
Alloying component (mass percent, %) in 1 each embodiment of table
| Numbering | Mg-SiC | Si | Zr | Sc | (10~25 μm) SiC | Al | |
| Embodiment 1 | 1# | 3.0 (Mg-20%SiC) | 18 | 0.16 | 0.12 | 14 | Bal |
| Embodiment 2 | 2# | 2.5 (Mg-14%SiC) | 20 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 18 | Bal |
| Embodiment 3 | 3# | 1.6 (Mg-10%SiC) | 22 | 0.25 | 0.30 | 20 | Bal |
| Embodiment 4 | 3# | 1.0 (Mg-8%SiC) | 24 | 0.28 | 0.36 | 22 | Bal |
| Embodiment 5 | 5# | 0.6 (Mg-6%SiC) | 24 | 0.35 | 0.45 | 24 | Bal |
Claims (6)
1. train brake disk enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles, including following components form by mass percentage：SiC
Particle 15 ~ 25%, Si 18-24 %, Mg 0.6-3.5%, Zr 0.15-0.35%, Sc 0.12-0.45%, surplus are Al and can not
Avoid impurity；
SiC particulate by 5 ~ 10 μm of SiC particulate and 10 ~ 25 μm of SiC particulate gradation composition, wherein：Granularity is 10 ~ 25 μm
The percentage that SiC particulate accounts for SiC particulate gross mass is 93 ~ 96%, and granularity is that 5 ~ 10 μm of SiC particulate accounts for SiC particulate gross mass
Percentage is 4 ~ 7%.
2. train brake disk enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute
State in composite, SiC particulate disperse is evenly distributed in the silumin matrix containing Zr, Sc.
3. train brake disk enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Institute
State in enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles, also containing Fe, Mn, Ni trace element.
4. a kind of preparation method of train brake disk enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles, comprises the following steps：
Step 1, it is 5 ~ 10 μm of SiC for raw material using Mg and granularity, Mg-SiC is prepared using semisolid vortex stirring casting method
Intermediate alloy, SiC weight/mass percentage composition is 5 ~ 20% in Mg-SiC intermediate alloys；
Step 2, in the form of Al-Si, Al-Zr, Al-Sc intermediate alloy, granularity is 10 ~ 25 μm of SiC with granulated by Si, Zr, Sc
Formula, it is added to by following mass percent in aluminum melt：Si 18-24 %, Zr 0.15-0.35%, Sc 0.12-0.45%, SiC
Particle 14 ~ 24%, smelting temperature are 780 ~ 900 DEG C, are stirred；
Step 3, smelting temperature are reduced to 650 ~ 760 DEG C, add step 1 and obtain being Mg-SiC intermediate alloys, are sufficiently stirred
After even；The refining agent deslagging degasification for accounting for melt quality 0.2%~0.4% is added, after standing 10~15 minutes, castable.
A kind of 5. preparation side of train brake disk enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles according to claim 4
Method, it is characterised in that：In step 3, the addition of Mg-SiC intermediate alloys accounts for the 0.6-3% of melt quality.
A kind of 6. preparation side of train brake disk enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles according to claim 5
Method, it is characterised in that：The elongation of the enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles of preparation is more than or equal to 2%.
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