CN111073448B - 一种防静电-防腐涂层及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种防静电‑防腐涂层及其制备方法，具体涉及一种具有电压响应性的，适用于轻金属表面防腐与防静电涂层及其制备方法，属表面工程技术领域。本发明设计研制了一种适用于轻质金属表面的高效防腐、防静电涂层的制备方法。该涂层采用双层复合结构，以导电云母和锌黄环氧漆作为基底涂层，以改性石墨烯和聚氨酯漆作为表面涂层，采用喷涂的方式制备出具有优异防腐、防静电性能的涂层。该涂层材料与轻质金属基材结合力好、固化温度低，可用于飞行器的防腐与防静电。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种防静电-防腐涂层及其制备方法，具体涉及一种具有电压响应性的，适用于轻金属表面防腐与防静电涂层及其制备方法，属表面工程技术领域。
背景技术
“高承载、长寿命、远距离”成为后续我国卫星平台及武器装备的重要发展趋势。随着天基雷达卫星、军事通信卫星、军事侦察卫星等航天器的发展，以及小行星探测和载人登月工程的不断深入，航天器对结构轻量化的需求更加迫切。
但是新型低密度轻质合金及轻金属基复合材料存在耐蚀性差的问题，已经成为航天器及新一代武器装备结构轻量化应用的瓶颈；而随着海南发射场的建成并投入使用、深蓝海军的不断发展，对新型轻质合金材料(镁合金、镁锂合金、铝基碳化硅、铝锂合金等)的腐蚀防护提出了更高的要求；同时，为满足高轨航天器在高真空条件下的散静电防护要求，亟需开展轻质合金表面石墨烯高效防腐及防静电涂层制备方法研究，
发明内容
本发明的技术解决问题是：克服现有技术的不足，提出一种防静电-防腐涂层及其制备方法，该涂层为适用于轻质合金表面的石墨烯高效防腐-防静电涂层，防腐底涂层由锌黄环氧体系粘结剂和导电云母组成；防静电面涂层为以聚氨酯为粘结剂的涂层，并将石墨烯和导电云母作为主要功能填料，以降低面涂层的电阻率及提高涂层的耐蚀性能。最终的涂层不但具有优异的防腐效果，而且体电阻率表现出电压响应效应，在低外加电压时涂层为良好的绝缘体，但在高外加电压下，涂层的体电阻率降低，表现出优良的防静电效果。
本发明的技术解决方案是：
一种防静电-防腐涂层，该涂层包括底层和面层；
底层的原料包括锌黄环氧树脂和导电云母，锌黄环氧树脂与导电云母的质量比为1-2:1；
面层的原料包括聚氨酯和石墨烯；聚氨酯与石墨烯的质量比为1-2:1；
一种防静电-防腐涂层的制备方法，该方法的步骤包括：
(1)将底层的原料、硅烷偶联剂、乙酸丁酯和玻璃微珠进行混合，搅拌1-3h，过滤去除玻璃微珠，加入固化剂A搅拌熟化20-30min，得到底层涂料；
(2)将面层的原料、稀释剂和玻璃微珠进行混合，搅拌1-3h，过滤去除玻璃微珠，加入固化剂B搅拌熟化20-30min，得到面层涂料；
(3)将步骤(1)得到的底层涂料喷涂在轻质合金表面，得到底涂层，单次喷涂厚度为15-20μm，得到的底涂层的厚度为40-60μm，得到底涂层后室温干燥24-36h；
(4)在步骤(3)的底涂层表面喷涂步骤(2)得到的面层涂料，得到面涂层，单次喷涂厚度为15-20μm，得到的底涂层与面涂层的厚度和为80-150μm；得到面涂层后室温干燥24-36h；
(5)将带有底涂层和面涂层的轻质合金在温度为80℃～150℃温度下进行固化1-3h，制得带有防静电-防腐涂层的轻质合金。
所述步骤(1)中，导电云母的纯度大于99％，硅烷偶联剂为KH550、KH560或二者混合，乙酸丁酯为分析纯；固化剂A为三乙胺、三乙烯四胺、四乙烯五胺其中的至少一种；锌黄环氧树脂与导电云母的质量比为1-2:1，导电云母与硅烷偶联剂的质量比为10:1-2，锌黄环氧树脂与乙酸丁酯、玻璃微珠的质量比为1:10-15:5-6；锌黄环氧树脂与固化剂A的质量比为1:0.2-0.25；步骤(1)中前期搅拌速度为1000r/min，加入固化剂A后搅拌速度为600r/min；
所述步骤(2)中稀释剂为乙酸丁酯、二甲苯的一种或两种混合，固化剂B为异氰酸酯固化剂；聚氨酯与石墨烯(面层的原料中的石墨烯)的质量比为1-2:1，聚氨酯与稀释剂、玻璃微珠的质量比为1:10-15:5-6；聚氨酯与固化剂B的质量比为1:1-1.5；步骤(4)中前期的搅拌速度为1000r/min；加入固化剂后搅拌速度为600r/min。
所述步骤(5)中，轻质合金为镁合金(MB2、MB8、MB15)、镁锂合金(MBLS10A-200)、铝锂合金(5A90)或铝基碳化硅(17％SiCp/2009Al)。
有益效果
(1)本发明设计研制了一种适用于轻质金属表面的高效防腐、防静电涂层的制备方法。该涂层采用双层复合结构，以导电云母和锌黄环氧漆作为基底涂层，以改性石墨烯和聚氨酯漆作为表面涂层，采用喷涂的方式制备出具有优异防腐、防静电性能的涂层。该涂层材料与轻质金属基材结合力好、固化温度低，可用于飞行器的防腐与防静电。
(2)本发明制得的防腐、防静电涂层的体电阻率为1×106Ω·m～1×107Ω·m；耐中性盐雾腐蚀≥800h；耐湿热≥240h；在正常大气压力条件下，经温度为-196℃(保持2min)～100℃(保持4min)的100次热循环后外观无变化，结合力完好。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1
(1)称取锌黄环氧树脂(H06-2)20g与导电云母粉15g、硅烷偶联剂(KH550)2g、乙酸丁酯230g和玻璃微珠100g混合，搅拌3h，转速为1000r/min；
(2)将步骤(1)中所得的混合液过滤去除玻璃微珠，加入8g三乙烯四胺搅拌熟化25min，转速为600r/min；
(3)采用喷涂法在镁合金(MB8)表面制备涂层，单次喷涂15-20μm，喷涂总厚度40-60μm；
(4)将5g的石墨烯与10g聚氨酯(TS01-3)、150g乙酸丁酯和60g玻璃微珠混合，搅拌3h，转速为1000r/min；
(5)将步骤(4)中所得的混合液过滤去除玻璃微珠，加入11.2g的异氰酸酯固化剂(N3390)搅拌熟化25min，转速为600r/min；
(6)采用喷涂法在步骤(3)制备的涂层上，单次喷涂15-20μm，喷涂总厚度80-150μm；
(7)室温干燥后，控制温度为100℃进行固化3h，制得防腐及防静电热控涂层。
本实施例制得的防腐、防静电涂层的具体技术指标：体电阻率为3×106Ω·m；在中性盐雾腐蚀800h以及湿热环境240h下涂层不起泡不脱落；在正常大气压力条件下，经温度为-196℃(保持2min)～100℃(保持4min)的100次热循环后外观无变化，结合力完好。
实施例2
(1)称取锌黄环氧树脂(H06-2)15g与导电云母粉15g、硅烷偶联剂(KH560)1.5g、硅烷偶联剂(KH550)0.6g、乙酸丁酯250g和玻璃微珠100g混合，搅拌3h，转速为1000r/min；
(2)将步骤(1)中所得的混合液过滤去除玻璃微珠，加入5g三乙烯四胺与2g四乙烯五胺搅拌熟化20min，转速为600r/min；
(3)采用喷涂法在铝锂合金(5A90)表面制备涂层，单次喷涂15-20μm，喷涂总厚度40-60μm；
(4)将8g石墨烯与10g聚氨酯(TS01-3)、120g乙酸丁酯和80g玻璃微珠混合，搅拌3h，转速为1000r/min；
(5)将步骤(4)中所得的混合液过滤去除玻璃微珠，加入12g的异氰酸酯固化剂(N3390)搅拌熟化20min，转速为600r/min；
(6)采用喷涂法在步骤(3)制备的涂层上，单次喷涂15-20μm，喷涂总厚度80-150μm；
(7)室温干燥后，控制温度为100℃进行固化3h，制得防腐及防静电热控涂层。
本实施例制得的防腐、防静电涂层的具体技术指标：体电阻率为1.5×106Ω·m；在中性盐雾腐蚀800h以及湿热环境240h下涂层不起泡不脱落；在正常大气压力条件下，经温度为-196℃(保持2min)～100℃(保持4min)的100次热循环后外观无变化，结合力完好。
Claims (6)
1.一种防静电-防腐涂层，其特征在于：该涂层包括底层和面层；
该防静电-防腐涂层的制备方法，步骤包括：
（1）将锌黄环氧树脂、导电云母、硅烷偶联剂、乙酸丁酯和玻璃微珠进行混合，搅拌，过滤去除玻璃微珠，加入固化剂A搅拌熟化，得到底层涂料；
（2）将聚氨酯、石墨烯、稀释剂和玻璃微珠进行混合，搅拌，过滤去除玻璃微珠，加入固化剂B搅拌熟化，得到面层涂料；
（3）将步骤（1）得到的底层涂料喷涂在轻质合金表面，得到底涂层，单次喷涂厚度为15-20μm，得到的底涂层的厚度为40-60μm，得到底涂层后室温干燥24-36h；
（4）在步骤（3）的底涂层表面喷涂步骤（2）得到的面层涂料，得到面涂层，单次喷涂厚度为15-20μm，得到的底涂层与面涂层的厚度和为80-150μm；得到面涂层后室温干燥24-36h；
（5）将带有底涂层和面涂层的轻质合金在温度为80℃～150℃温度下进行固化1-3h，制得带有防静电-防腐涂层的轻质合金；
所述步骤（1）中，固化剂A为三乙胺、三乙烯四胺、四乙烯五胺其中的至少一种；
所述步骤（1）中，锌黄环氧树脂与导电云母的质量比为1-2:1，导电云母与硅烷偶联剂的质量比为10:1-2，锌黄环氧树脂与乙酸丁酯、玻璃微珠的质量比为1:10-15:5-6；锌黄环氧树脂与固化剂A的质量比为1:0.2-0.25；
所述步骤（2）中，固化剂B为异氰酸酯固化剂；
所述步骤（2）中，聚氨酯与石墨烯的质量比为1-2:1，聚氨酯与稀释剂、玻璃微珠的质量比为1:10-15:5-6；聚氨酯与固化剂B的质量比为1:1-1.5。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防静电-防腐涂层，其特征在于：所述步骤（1）中，导电云母的纯度大于99%，乙酸丁酯为分析纯。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种防静电-防腐涂层，其特征在于：所述步骤（1）中，硅烷偶联剂为KH550、KH560或二者混合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种防静电-防腐涂层，其特征在于：所述步骤（2）中，稀释剂为乙酸丁酯、二甲苯的一种或两种混合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种防静电-防腐涂层，其特征在于：所述步骤（3）中，轻质合金为镁合金、铝锂合金或铝基碳化硅。
6.一种权利要求1-5任一项所述的防静电-防腐涂层的制备方法，其特征在于该方法的步骤包括：
（1）将锌黄环氧树脂、导电云母、硅烷偶联剂、乙酸丁酯和玻璃微珠进行混合，搅拌，过滤去除玻璃微珠，加入固化剂A搅拌熟化，得到底层涂料；
（2）将聚氨酯、石墨烯、稀释剂和玻璃微珠进行混合，搅拌，过滤去除玻璃微珠，加入固化剂B搅拌熟化，得到面层涂料；
（3）将步骤（1）得到的底层涂料喷涂在轻质合金表面，得到底涂层，单次喷涂厚度为15-20μm，得到的底涂层的厚度为40-60μm，得到底涂层后室温干燥24-36h；
（4）在步骤（3）的底涂层表面喷涂步骤（2）得到的面层涂料，得到面涂层，单次喷涂厚度为15-20μm，得到的底涂层与面涂层的厚度和为80-150μm；得到面涂层后室温干燥24-36h；
（5）将带有底涂层和面涂层的轻质合金在温度为80℃～150℃温度下进行固化1-3h，制得带有防静电-防腐涂层的轻质合金。
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