CN111068903A

CN111068903A - Efficient sorting treatment method for stale garbage

Info

Publication number: CN111068903A
Application number: CN201911372478.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 徐鹤
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2019-12-27
Filing date: 2019-12-27
Publication date: 2020-04-28
Anticipated expiration: 2039-12-27
Also published as: CN111068903B

Abstract

The invention provides a high-efficiency sorting treatment method of stale refuse, which comprises the steps of firstly separating stale refuse into fine muck with the particle size of less than 20mm and primary materials with the particle size of more than or equal to 20mm by screening equipment, then carrying out secondary screening on the primary materials with the particle size of more than or equal to 20mm, screening out secondary materials lighter than a set specific gravity or weight value by specific gravity or mass screening, and carrying out tertiary screening by a magnetic separator to sort out metal and other nonmetal heavy matters; and (4) screening the secondary material with the specific gravity or the mass heavier than the set specific gravity or the set weight value for three times to separate the residue soil, the plastics and other combustible materials with the particle size of less than 20 mm. The scheme of the invention mainly aims at old garbage which is high in water content and is adhered and compacted, and realizes in-situ mining, classification and disposal to effectively screen out recyclable plastics, large garbage, metals, humus residue soil and other combustible materials, so that the recyclable plastics, the large garbage, the metals, the humus residue soil and the other combustible materials can be better recycled.

Description

Efficient sorting treatment method for stale garbage

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of garbage treatment and recovery, and particularly relates to an efficient sorting treatment method for stale garbage and a corresponding screening system thereof, which can effectively treat stale garbage and efficiently screen plastic and muck organic matters for recycling.

Background

The domestic garbage treatment amount of China is about 70 percent for a long time and the domestic garbage is treated in a landfill mode; the amount of the landfilled garbage is about 80 hundred million tons; occupies 10 million hectares. Along with the accelerated urbanization process of China, the yield of household garbage is increased by about 8% -10% every year, the area of a required landfill site is larger and larger, and along with the gradual expansion of the urban area range to peripheral areas, the suburb price is rapidly increased, the population density is increased, the site selection of the landfill site is more and more difficult, and even a proper site cannot be found.

Meanwhile, with the continuous improvement of the requirements of people on living environment, the simplified treatment mode of old landfill seriously affects the appearance of the city and brings serious pollution problems to the urban air quality and underground water, including the influence of landfill leachate on underground water, mosquito and fly stink, greenhouse gas emission, spontaneous combustion of the pile body and the like. Therefore, the old landfill sites need to be treated in an environment-friendly way to reduce the negative environmental impact. The characteristics of old landfill garbage: the water content is about 45-70%, the heat value is about 1000 kcal/kg, the residue soil content is 50-60%, the combustible material content is 20-30%, and the single incineration or screening treatment has certain limitation. Therefore, domestic stale refuse can only be subjected to reduction treatment, and due to the lack of a proper environment-friendly sustainable recovery process, the stale refuse is difficult to be practically and massively recovered.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a high-efficiency sorting treatment method for aged refuse, aiming at the problems and troubles in the prior art, so that the aged refuse is effectively treated, and plastics and residue soil organic matters are efficiently screened out and recycled.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an efficient sorting treatment method for stale refuse comprises the steps of firstly separating stale refuse into fine residue soil with the particle size of less than 20mm and primary materials with the particle size of more than or equal to 20mm through screening equipment, then carrying out secondary screening on the primary materials with the particle size of more than or equal to 20mm, screening secondary materials with the specific gravity of more than 2 and the mass of more than 20g, and carrying out tertiary screening through a magnetic separator to sort out metal and other nonmetal heavy objects; and the secondary material with the specific gravity less than or equal to 2 and the mass less than or equal to 20g sieved out by the secondary sieving is sieved out for the third time to separate the residue soil, the plastics and other combustible materials with the particle size less than 20 mm.

Preferably, the efficient sorting treatment method for the stale refuse is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) excavating stale garbage, conveying the stale garbage to a feeding position of a garbage screening system by using a closed garbage transport vehicle, and entering a discharging system;

(2) grabbing the aged garbage to be treated to a spiral material distributor by using a grab crane for distributing, wherein primary materials which cannot enter the material distributor are collected to be treated;

(3) the distributed stale garbage enters a muck drum sieve for primary screening to separate fine muck with the particle size of less than 20mm and primary materials with the particle size of more than or equal to 20 mm;

(4) conveying the primary materials with the particle size of more than or equal to 20mm to a water curtain type heavy object sorting machine through a conveying belt for secondary screening, setting the separation specific gravity of light and heavy objects to be screened, adjusting the water outlet strength of a water curtain according to the specific gravity, ensuring that the secondary materials screened on the water curtain are secondary materials lighter than the set specific gravity, screening the secondary materials heavier than the set specific gravity under the water curtain and primary materials collected after being distributed by a distributing machine for three times through a magnetic separator to sort out metals and residual non-metal heavy objects;

(5) after secondary screening by the water curtain type heavy material separator, second-level materials lighter than a set specific gravity on a water curtain are scattered by the scattering machine and then enter the composite type separation device for third screening, and plastics, fine residue soil with the particle size of less than 20mm and other combustible materials are separated.

Furthermore, the grab crane is a gantry grab crane, and the residue soil drum screen is a multi-stage screening drum screen.

Further, the first-grade materials with the particle size of more than or equal to 20mm in the step (3) can be divided into a plurality of groups with different aperture diameters according to the sieve pore grade of the muck drum sieve.

Preferably, the residue soil drum sieve is a two-stage sieving drum sieve and comprises a cylindrical drum with a plurality of sieve pores uniformly distributed on the surface, an auger is arranged in the drum and driven by a motor, the drum consists of a front part and a rear part, the diameter of the sieve pores on the front part of the drum is 20mm, and the diameter of the sieve pores on the rear part of the drum is any value between 20mm and 400 mm; and the collecting box arranged below the rear part of the drum screen is connected with the water curtain type weight separator through a conveying belt.

Furthermore, the water curtain type heavy object sorting machine utilizes the combined action of free falling body movement of garbage and horizontal acting force of a transverse water curtain to sieve the primary material with the particle size of more than or equal to 20mm again, the material with higher specific gravity penetrates through the water curtain to fall off, and the material with lower specific gravity is conveyed to the next link by the water curtain.

Further, the spiral material distributor rotates at the uniform speed, and comprises a material box, a spiral stirring paddle is transversely arranged in the material box and driven by a driving motor arranged outside the material box, an opening is formed in the material box, and the opening is connected with a funnel.

Further, the spiral material distributor rotates at the uniform velocity, and including the workbin, transversely be equipped with spiral stirring rake in the workbin, the stirring rake is by setting up the driving motor drive in the workbin outside, the first half upper end of workbin is open, and the latter half upper end is sealed, and confined roof both sides are equipped with the slide, slide and material collecting box intercommunication.

Furthermore, an automatic packing system and a gas collecting and purifying system are also arranged in the screening method.

The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:

by adopting the technical scheme, the in-situ mining and classifying treatment is realized for the old garbage which is high in water content and is adhered and compacted, the garbage can be thoroughly cleaned, the effects of no visible garbage, no odor and greenhouse gas emission and harmonious development between human and ecology are achieved; and the old garbage treated by the treatment scheme can be effectively screened to obtain recyclable plastics, large garbage, metal, humus residue soil and other combustible materials, and can be recycled better.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus connection structure of a stale refuse sorting system according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram of the stale refuse screening system of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a composite sorting device in the stale refuse screening system according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and detailed description.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the invention provides a high-efficiency sorting treatment method for stale refuse, which comprises the following steps: (1) firstly, excavating stale garbage, conveying the stale garbage to a feeding position of a garbage screening system by using a closed garbage transport vehicle, and entering a discharging system; (2) grabbing the aged garbage to be treated to a spiral material distributor by using a grab bucket crane for distributing; (3) the distributed stale refuse enters a residue soil drum sieve for primary screening, and fine residue soil with the particle size of less than 20mm and a primary material with the particle size of more than or equal to 20mm are separated; (4) conveying the primary materials with the particle size of more than or equal to 20mm to a water curtain type heavy object sorting machine through a conveying belt for secondary screening, and setting the separation specific gravity of light heavy objects needing to be screened (in the embodiment, the screening specific gravity is set to be 2 or the mass is set to be 20g), so that the secondary materials with the specific gravity of more than or equal to 2 or the mass of more than or equal to 20g are screened and separated from metals and the rest non-metal heavy objects through a magnetic separator for three times together with the primary materials collected after being distributed by a distributing machine; (5) and (3) scattering the secondary material with the specific gravity of less than 2 or the mass of less than 20g on the water curtain by a scattering machine, then feeding the secondary material into a composite sorting device for third screening, and separating plastics, fine muck with the particle size of less than 20mm and other combustible substances by virtue of the special structure of the composite sorting device, wherein the fine muck with the particle size of less than 20mm and the fine muck with the particle size of less than 20mm collected in the step (3) are combined to be recycled as organic matters.

Wherein, in order to guarantee the feeding volume of rubbish, grab bucket crane is gantry grab bucket crane.

Corresponding to the screening method, fig. 1 shows a connection structure diagram of the equipment of the stale refuse screening system of the present invention: comprises a spiral material distributor 2, a muck drum sieve 3, a water curtain type heavy object separator 5, a breaker 6 and a composite type separator 7 which are communicated in sequence.

The residue soil drum screen 3 is of a two-stage screening grade, and has a specific structure comprising a cylindrical drum with a plurality of screen holes uniformly distributed on the surface, a packing auger is arranged in the drum, the packing auger is driven by a motor, the drum consists of a front part and a rear part, the screen hole diameter on the front part of the drum 31 is 20mm, and the screen hole diameter on the rear part of the drum 32 is 100 mm; and the collecting box arranged below the rear part of the drum screen is connected with the water curtain type heavy object separator 5 through the conveyor belt 4; the spiral material distributor 2 rotates at a constant speed and comprises a material box, a spiral stirring paddle is transversely arranged in the material box and driven by a driving motor arranged outside the material box, an opening is formed in the material box, and the opening is connected with a funnel.

The water curtain type heavy object separator utilizes transverse water curtains to impact materials with different masses in garbage to form garbage piles with different displacements to sieve secondary materials with the particle size of not less than 20mm and not more than 100mm again, and the structure of the water curtain type heavy object separator is disclosed in the invention patent with the application number of CN 201810785759.3; besides, the structure of the scattering machine is disclosed in utility model patent with patent application number CN 201821131357.3; are not described in detail in this application.

The structure of the composite sorting device is shown in fig. 3, and comprises a material sorting structure, a light residue soil drum sieve 71 and a light object collecting box 72 which are sequentially connected, wherein the material sorting structure comprises a cylinder 73 with a hollow inner part, a first packing auger 74 is arranged in the cylinder, one end of the first packing auger 74 is connected with a first driving motor 75, one end of the cylinder 73, which is far away from the light residue soil drum sieve 71, is provided with a fan 76, a feed inlet 77 is arranged above the cylinder, which is close to one end of the fan 76, a discharge outlet 78 is arranged below the cylinder, and the feed inlet 77 and the discharge outlet 78 are arranged in a staggered manner; a second packing auger 79 is arranged in the light residual soil drum screen 71, one end of the second packing auger 79 is connected with a second driving motor 710, and a residual soil recovery channel 711 is arranged below the light residual soil drum screen 71; the conveying directions of the first packing auger 74 and the second packing auger 79 are opposite, and the conveying direction of the first packing auger 74 is opposite to the wind direction of the fan 76.

Preferably, in order to achieve a better material collecting effect, the sieve holes of the light muck trommel sieve 71 are set to be 20-50 mm, and meanwhile, in order to collect materials conveniently, material collecting conveyor belts 712 are arranged below the muck recycling channel 711 and the discharge hole 78.

The light material collecting box 72 comprises a collecting shell 721 and a collecting funnel 722 which is transversely arranged in the shell, the front end of the collecting funnel 722 is hermetically connected with the rear end of the light dregs rotary screen 71, and the inner diameter of the collecting funnel 722 is gradually reduced from the top end to the lower end; the arrangement that the inner diameter is gradually reduced can ensure that the wind power entering the collection cavity is gradually reduced, play a role in buffering the wind power and prevent the subsequent collection of the plastic garbage from being influenced by too large wind power; meanwhile, the garbage can be helped to enter the subsequent light object collecting box 75 more quickly, so that the load of the motor is reduced, and the energy is saved.

Further, in order to prevent the light materials from being retained, at least one baffle 723 is arranged in the light material collecting box 72 shell at a position corresponding to the outlet of the collecting hopper, and the baffle 723 is arranged in an inclined manner; as a preferable scheme, the number of the blocking plates 723 in this embodiment is 3, and the blocking plates are parallel to each other and distributed in a step shape, and the inclination angle can be designed to be 15 to 75 ° according to actual requirements.

In addition, in order to realize the environmental protection and intelligent management of the garbage disposal process, an automatic packing system and a gas collection and purification system are also arranged in the screening method.

Example 2

Different from the embodiment 1, the residue soil drum screen 3 has a two-stage screening grade, and has a specific structure that the residue soil drum screen comprises a cylindrical drum with a plurality of screen holes uniformly distributed on the surface, a packing auger is arranged in the drum, the packing auger is driven by a motor, the drum consists of a front part and a rear part, the screen hole diameter of the front part of the drum 31 is 20mm, and the screen hole diameter of the rear part of the drum 32 is 50 mm; and the collecting box arranged below the rear part of the drum screen is connected with the water curtain type heavy object separator 5 through the conveyor belt 4; according to the efficient sorting treatment method for the stale refuse, the distributed refuse is firstly scattered before the residue soil drum sieve is used for sieving, the sieved material with the particle size larger than the aperture of the residue soil drum sieve is repeatedly scattered again and then passes through the residue soil drum sieve, and finally, fine residue soil with the particle size smaller than 20mm and primary material with the particle size larger than or equal to 20mm are separated.

Spiral cloth machine 2 includes the workbin, transversely is equipped with spiral stirring rake in the workbin, and the stirring rake is by setting up in the outside driving motor drive of workbin, the first half upper end of workbin is opened, and the latter half upper end is sealed, and confined roof both sides are equipped with the slide, slide and material collecting box intercommunication.

Specifically, the treatment process of the stale refuse by adopting the process comprises the following steps:

after being excavated, the stale refuse 1 is conveyed to a feeding part of a refuse screening system by a closed refuse transport vehicle to enter an unloading system, and is conveyed forwards by a spiral uniform-speed distributing machine 2 at a uniform speed, and the link is a basic link, so that large refuse in the refuse is retained and recovered, and simultaneously, the compact stale refuse is loosened, and the later-stage sorting is facilitated. Then the residue soil is conveyed to a residue soil drum screen 3, the first half auger of the residue soil drum screen has the function of separating and collecting the collectable fine residue soil with the particle size of less than 20mm in the initial stage, the undersize is the fine residue soil with the particle size of less than 20mm, and the rest materials enter the second half auger forward for sorting. The oversize material of the back auger is ultra-aperture slag soil blocks with the particle size of more than or equal to 50 or 100mm (the partial material can pass through a slag soil drum screen after being repeatedly scattered, and finally fine slag soil with the particle size of less than 20mm and first-stage material with the particle size of less than or equal to 50 or 100mm are separated), the undersize material is residual mixed garbage with the particle size of less than or equal to 50 or 100mm and is conveyed forwards to the next link, namely a water curtain type heavy material separator 5 by a lifting conveying belt 4, and the equipment can screen out materials with different specific gravities or weights by adjusting the flow of a water curtain.

The water curtain type heavy object separator 5 is a device for effectively separating light and heavy garbage, and comprises a baffle and a plurality of spray heads arranged, wherein the baffle is just opposite to the water outlet of the spray heads, and the baffle is positioned in the water flow range of the spray heads for spraying water. The water flow speed of the link is high, a layer of air flow is formed above the water curtain, so that the light materials are swept like dragonfly dots of water, and are separated from the heavy materials without being soaked, and the light materials are carried to the next sorting link. Separating out heavy objects such as masonry blocks, metal, glass and the like with different specifications under a water curtain, entering a heavy object collecting bin, and connecting a magnetic separator below the heavy object collecting bin to separate metal materials. The device overcomes the limitation of traditional particle size separation, has better separation effect, and has the functions of dust removal and smell reduction in the separation link.

The light material falls into a spittoon-type bag-breaking beater 6 which breaks up and separates the light material, especially plastics adhered with moisture and soil, and breaks up the garbage with garbage bags, thus separating the material.

The material treated by the spittoon-based bag breaker enters the compound air separator 7, at which time the blower 76 starts blowing air, and the lighter garbage (such as plastics and light sand) is blown up by the wind power of the blower 76, so that the light garbage is blown into the light residue soil drum screen 71.

The sieve pores of the light residue soil drum sieve 71 can allow the light sand soil garbage blown together with the plastic garbage to be leaked out through the sieve pores. The light sandy soil garbage leaked out of the sieve holes passes through the residue soil recovery channel 711 and falls on the material collection conveyor belt 712, and the collection of the light sandy soil garbage is realized through the material collection conveyor belt 712, and the light sandy soil garbage is mixed with the fine residue soil with the particle size of less than 20mm collected by the front half part of the residue soil drum sieve to be recycled as organic matters.

The plastic refuse blown into the light-weight soil drum screen 771 by the blower fan 76 cannot be filtered out through the screen holes, and therefore, the plastic refuse is blown into the light material collection box 72, and the collection of the plastic refuse is realized by the light material collection box 72.

Other combustible materials that can't be blown up can arrive heavy object discharge gate 78 along with the transportation of reverse rotation's second flood dragon in the material sorting structure, and then flow out through discharge gate 78, finally fall on material collection conveyer belt 712, realize the collection of other combustible material rubbish through material collection conveyer belt 712.

The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above examples, but the description is only for the preferred examples of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An efficient sorting treatment method for stale refuse is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, separating the stale refuse into fine residue soil with the particle size of less than 20mm and primary materials with the particle size of more than or equal to 20mm by using screening equipment, then carrying out secondary screening on the primary materials with the particle size of more than or equal to 20mm, screening out secondary materials with the specific gravity or mass which are lighter than the set specific gravity or weight value, and carrying out tertiary screening by using a magnetic separator to separate out metal and other nonmetal heavy matters; and (4) screening the secondary material with the specific gravity or the mass heavier than the set specific gravity or the set weight value for three times to separate the residue soil, the plastics and other combustible materials with the particle size of less than 20 mm.

2. The efficient stale refuse sorting and processing method according to claim 1, comprising the steps of: (1) excavating stale garbage, conveying the stale garbage to a feeding position of a garbage screening system by using a closed garbage transport vehicle, and entering a discharging system;

3. The efficient stale refuse sorting and processing method according to claim 2, wherein the efficient stale refuse sorting and processing method comprises the following steps: the grab crane is a gantry grab crane, and the muck drum sieve is a multi-stage sieving drum sieve.

4. The efficient stale refuse sorting and processing method according to claim 3, wherein the efficient stale refuse sorting and processing method comprises the following steps: the first-grade materials with the particle size larger than or equal to 20mm in the step (3) can be divided into a plurality of groups with different pore diameters according to the sieve pore grades of the muck drum sieve.

5. The efficient sorting treatment method for the stale refuse according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: the muck drum sieve is a two-stage sieving drum sieve and comprises a cylindrical drum with a plurality of sieve pores uniformly distributed on the surface, an auger is arranged in the drum and driven by a motor, the drum consists of a front part and a rear part, the diameter of the sieve pores on the front part of the drum is 20mm, and the diameter of the sieve pores on the rear part of the drum is any value between 20mm and 400 mm; and the collecting box arranged below the rear part of the drum screen is connected with the water curtain type weight separator through a conveying belt.

6. The efficient stale refuse sorting and processing method according to claim 2, wherein the efficient stale refuse sorting and processing method comprises the following steps: the water curtain type heavy object sorting machine utilizes the combined action of free falling body movement of garbage and horizontal acting force of a transverse water curtain to sieve primary materials with the particle size of more than or equal to 20mm again, the materials with higher specific gravity penetrate through the water curtain to fall, and the materials with lower specific gravity are conveyed to the next link by the water curtain.

7. The efficient stale refuse sorting and processing method according to claim 2, wherein the efficient stale refuse sorting and processing method comprises the following steps: the spiral distributing machine rotates at a constant speed and comprises a material box, a spiral stirring paddle is transversely arranged in the material box and driven by a driving motor arranged outside the material box, an opening is formed in the upper end of the material box, and the opening is connected with a funnel.

8. The efficient stale refuse sorting and processing method according to claim 2, wherein the efficient stale refuse sorting and processing method comprises the following steps: the spiral distributing machine rotates at a constant speed and comprises a material box, a spiral stirring paddle is transversely arranged in the material box and driven by a driving motor arranged outside the material box, the upper end of the front half part of the material box is open, the upper end of the rear half part of the material box is closed, and slideways are arranged on two sides of a closed top plate and communicated with a material collecting box.

9. The efficient sorting treatment method for stale refuse according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the screening method is also provided with an automatic packing system and a gas collecting and purifying system.