CN111068015A

CN111068015A - Treatment method for reducing heavy metal and pesticide residue content of traditional Chinese medicinal materials

Info

Publication number: CN111068015A
Application number: CN202010039681.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李益; 龚靖
Original assignee: Beijing Tongrentang Technology Development Chengdu Co Ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Tongrentang Technology Development Chengdu Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-01-14
Filing date: 2020-01-14
Publication date: 2020-04-28
Anticipated expiration: 2040-01-14
Also published as: CN111068015B

Abstract

The invention provides a processing method for reducing the content of heavy metal and pesticide residue in traditional Chinese medicinal materials, which comprises the steps of dry sorting and impurity removal in sequence; washing with drinking water; moistening with edible alkaline solvent; the method comprises the steps of warm water washing and the like, thoroughly removing impurities such as silt and the like rich in heavy metals and pesticide residue components on the surfaces of medicinal materials, and promoting the discharge of the heavy metals, the pesticide residue and other harmful components in the medicinal materials by utilizing the metabolic function of the medicinal materials, so that the heavy metals and the pesticide residue in a final product produced by the treated medicinal materials can meet the requirements of plant drug division in United states pharmacopoeia with fewer steps, lower intervention degree and high edible safety.

Description

Treatment method for reducing heavy metal and pesticide residue content of traditional Chinese medicinal materials

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of production of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, in particular to a treatment method for reducing the content of heavy metals and pesticide residues in traditional Chinese medicinal materials.

Background

In the revised draft of the 2020 edition of the general rules for verification of 0212 medicinal materials and decoction pieces, which is now publicly known, the national pharmacopoeia commission is intended to perform comprehensive examination of the limits of heavy metals and harmful elements (lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury and copper) on plant Chinese medicinal materials, and to list 33 pesticides in a forbidden list. Because the traditional Chinese medicinal materials have the attribute of agricultural and sideline products firstly, the planting management of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials is not obviously different from that of other agricultural products produced by adopting a planting mode, and therefore, the grower can inevitably implement pest and disease protection measures to ensure the yield. Due to the early neglect of the edible safety of agricultural products, the toxicity, the application range, the usage amount and the like of pesticides are in an out-of-control state for a long time, and heavy metals and pesticide residue components are enriched in soil and then transmitted to the interior of medicinal materials through the metabolic activity of plants. Therefore, in recent years, reports about the overproof heavy metal content and the overproof pesticide residue content of Chinese traditional medicines are commonly reported in media reports at home and abroad, and the international images of the traditional Chinese medicine and the traditional Chinese medicine are seriously influenced.

In order to solve the problems, relevant departments in China have developed a plurality of documents such as specifications, standards and the like, and the detection limit values of harmful heavy metal components and the content thereof in plant Chinese medicinal materials are definitely limited. The attention on the problems of heavy metal and pesticide residue content of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials is certainly beneficial to the nation and the people, but the application of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials is different from the eating of agricultural products and is more different from western medicines with definite ingredients. The compatibility and preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine are taught by the empirical formula, and the like, one prescription is composed of a plurality of medicinal materials, the effective components of the prescription are extracted by decocting, and the treatment is carried out by drinking the extracted liquid medicine. In the decocting and extracting process, the transfer rates of heavy metals and pesticide residue components in the traditional Chinese medicinal materials are geometrically unknown, so that the detection of the heavy metals and pesticide residue contents of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials is focused on the detection of the extracting solution or the extract of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials. Aiming at the control of the content of heavy metal and pesticide residue in the traditional Chinese medicine extract, a plurality of production enterprises and related scientific research units carry out deep research and explore to obtain a plurality of treatment methods.

The existing treatment method for removing heavy metal and pesticide residue from traditional Chinese medicinal materials mainly comprises the following two types:

① reagent reaction type

For example, chinese patent application CN2014102079111 discloses a method for reducing heavy metals in edible fungi and Chinese herbal medicines by solvent extraction, which comprises putting pulverized Chinese herbal medicines into a mixed system composed of petroleum ether, anhydrous ethanol and a chelating agent, and chelating heavy metal ions to remove heavy metal components in the system. Chinese patent application CN2015101182923 discloses a method for reducing heavy metals in traditional Chinese medicinal materials, which comprises the steps of proportioning and stirring the medicinal materials and 0.05-5% of humate solution to reduce the heavy metals in root or rhizome medicinal materials such as pseudo-ginseng, rhizoma paridis, saussurea lappa and the like. The Chinese patent application CN2016101726931 discloses a stabilizer for degrading heavy metals in detoxified and harmless foods, foods and traditional Chinese medicines and a preparation method thereof. The Chinese invention patent application CN2018107447885 discloses a remover for removing heavy metals in a traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution and a preparation method thereof, wherein the remover is prepared by taking gelatin, an ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid solution, styrene, divinylbenzene, modified chitosan, a xylene solution and toluenesulfonic acid as raw materials, and the remover is used for removing heavy metals such as Cu, Cd, Pd and the like.

② adsorption type

For example, the Chinese patent CN104474739B discloses the application of a molecular sieve adsorbing material in removing heavy metal in traditional Chinese medicine, wherein heavy metal ions in traditional Chinese medicine extract or extracting solution are adsorbed by Ca-X molecular sieve adsorbing material. Chinese patent CN105344130B discloses a method for removing heavy metals from Chinese medicinal materials by using zeolite molecular sieve membrane, which is to circulate Chinese medicinal material extract and complexing agent solution on two sides of zeolite molecular sieve membrane respectively to remove heavy metal components in the extract. Chinese patent application CN1016931898 discloses a compound for removing heavy metal ions, wherein a compound capable of providing a lone pair electron functional group loaded on a polymer carrier forms a coordination bond with heavy metal ions in a Chinese medicinal material extract, so that heavy metal components in the extract are removed. Chinese patent application CN201910814053X discloses a traditional Chinese medicine decoction processing technology for reducing heavy metal residue, which separates and removes heavy metal components in traditional Chinese medicine extract by utilizing magnetic nano particles modified by chitosan modified sepiolite and EDTA.

In the above prior art scheme, in the reagent reaction type treatment method, the reaction reagent must be fully mixed with the Chinese medicinal material extract so as to fully remove heavy metals and pesticide residue. After the reaction is finished, part of components in the reaction reagent can not be separated and are retained in the extracting solution, so that the original component system of the extracting solution is changed. As the reaction reagents are basically chemical reagents, the potential safety hazard of the medicine taking is very large. Meanwhile, in view of the complexity of the components in the traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution, the possibility of adverse reaction between a treatment reagent and the components of the extracting solution cannot be eliminated under the condition that the existing cognitive competence and technical means cannot be completely mastered, so that the potential safety hazard of the traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution and the traditional Chinese medicine extract obtained by adopting the treatment method is further increased. The adsorption material in the material adsorption type treatment method adsorbs heavy metal ions by chemical and physical methods, which avoids the problem of reagent retention in a reagent reaction type treatment technical scheme, but the adsorption of the adsorption material on effective components in a Chinese medicinal material extracting solution or extract cannot be eliminated due to the limitations of the existing cognitive ability and technical means, so that the drug effect is reduced.

The traditional Chinese medicinal materials are used as a practical tool of the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, which should inherit the natural philosophy of the law of traditional Chinese medicine, fully consider and utilize the biological metabolism function of the medicinal materials, take the content of harmful components in the final product as a control point, and promote the metabolism of the medicinal materials to non-self substances by adopting the least and most natural-friendly external means, thereby avoiding the untimely situation generated by the technical scheme.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a treatment method for reducing the content of heavy metal and pesticide residue in traditional Chinese medicinal materials.

The processing method comprises the following steps:

s1, carrying out dry sorting and impurity removal on the traditional Chinese medicines;

s2, cleaning the selected Chinese medicinal materials in the step S1;

s3, carrying out moistening treatment on the traditional Chinese medicinal materials obtained in the step S2 by adopting an alkaline solution;

s4, washing the Chinese medicinal materials obtained in the step S3.

Wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the steps S1 and S2 are mainly to remove impurities on the surface of the Chinese medicinal materials so as to avoid the interference of heavy metals and pesticide residue contained in the impurities on the final product; steps S3 and S4 are to remove heavy metals and pesticide residue in the Chinese herbal medicine, so that the content of harmful components in the final product is compliant.

Steps S1 and S2 are particularly suitable for the processing of fresh materials.

The root system and the surface of the fresh materials (especially tuber medicinal material raw materials) collected from the planting field are mostly adhered with impurities such as soil, silt and the like. As mentioned above, the edible safety of agricultural products is neglected in the early stage, so that the heavy metal and pesticide residue content in the existing Chinese medicinal material planting soil is high. Therefore, the surface of the raw material of the medicinal material needs to be subjected to full and thorough impurity removal treatment, so that heavy metal and pesticide residue contained in the impurities are prevented from entering subsequent treatment steps to interfere the detection index of the final product.

Step S1 includes picking the Chinese medicinal materials one by manual work and assisted picking by further impurity removal processing of the manually picked Chinese medicinal materials with the aid of an external tool. The manual one-by-one sorting not only needs to control the quality of the Chinese medicinal materials and sort out the low-quality raw materials, but also needs to clean the surfaces of the sorted raw materials one by one and mainly strip caking such as silt, impurities and the like on the surfaces of the raw materials. The auxiliary sorting can still adopt a manual mode, and a dust removal air gun or a winnowing device is used for further removing the raw materials which are manually sorted and cleaned so as to remove the residual small silt, impurities and the like on the surface of the raw materials. The Chinese medicinal material raw materials which are subjected to auxiliary sorting are subjected to sampling inspection, and the skin of the Chinese medicinal material raw materials is ensured to have no visible impurities.

Before the operation of step S1, the fresh material is subjected to a surface drying treatment. After treatment, the epidermis of the fresh material is in a slight dehydration state, vacuoles in cells are shrunk and deformed due to the loss of water in the cells, and thus the whole cells are shrunk. The change of cell structure at the epidermis of fresh materials prevents the normal operation of metabolic activity at the epidermis. The delay of the metabolic activity not only makes the drug effect components in the medicinal materials difficult to metabolize and discharge, but also realizes the maintenance of the drug effect; meanwhile, external substances (such as heavy metals and pesticide residue components) of the medicinal materials are prevented from entering the medicinal materials through metabolism, and the content of the heavy metals and the pesticide residue components in the medicinal materials is controlled to a certain extent.

Both sorting operations in step S1 are performed in a dry environment, which means that:

on one hand, impurities such as dried and agglomerated silt are easy to strip, and the impurities can be prevented from forming fluid which is easy to adhere and diffuse due to contact with moisture, so that the impurity removal efficiency is improved, and the labor intensity is reduced;

on the other hand, in a dry environment, the method is favorable for maintaining the shrinkage configuration of cells at the epidermis of the medicinal material, controlling the metabolic activity of the cells, and reducing the absorption amount of the cells at the epidermis on heavy metals and pesticide residue in impurities such as silt.

The invention can also adopt dry raw materials. The dried Chinese medicinal materials have a certain amount of water, so that the Chinese medicinal materials have both medicinal effects and long storage time. The vacuoles in the cells are all shrunk and deformed due to the loss of the internal water, so that the cells have the characteristics of the cells at the epidermis of the dehydrated fresh materials.

If the method is applied to the pretreatment of the dried raw materials, the detection result of the heavy metal and pesticide residue content of the obtained final product is better.

In the step S2, the surfaces of the medicinal materials are sprayed and washed, and the functions are as follows:

on one hand, spraying can remove fine impurities such as floating ash on the surfaces of the sorted Chinese medicinal materials so as to further improve the surface cleanliness of the Chinese medicinal materials; on the other hand, the cells in the dehydrated state at the epidermis of the traditional Chinese medicine are restored in vacuole structures and cell overall structures through the imbibition effect in the spraying and water washing process, and the normal metabolic activity of the cells is gradually restored.

As mentioned above, the cell metabolism starts to recover after contacting water at the epidermis of the medicinal material. Therefore, drinking water is used in step S2 to avoid the introduction of other undesirable material effects from the flushing of the water body.

Because the impurities on the epidermis of the traditional Chinese medicine are sufficiently removed in the step S1, the dosage of the drinking water does not need to be too large when the drinking water is used for washing in the step S2, which is beneficial to controlling the cost.

The moistening treatment adopted in step S3 is a common traditional Chinese medicine processing method, and water is adopted to soften the medicine properly and uniformly inside and outside, so that slicing is facilitated.

The application of the invention adopts moistening treatment and is not a single application of softening effect.

In step S3, baking soda water solution is used to replace conventional baking water to perform baking treatment on the cleaned Chinese medicinal materials. Since vacuoles are the main sites of plant metabolism, the interior is an acidic environment. The alkaline solution is adopted to treat the medicinal material raw material cells in the metabolic activity recovery stage, which is beneficial to promoting the recovery of the activity of the related enzymes in the liquid bubbles and accelerating the isolation and discharge metabolism of harmful substances such as heavy metals, pesticide residues and the like in the cells.

According to the difference of the medicinal materials in the medicine parts, liquorice and pseudo-ginseng with roots and stems as medicines, cortex magnoliae officinalis and phellodendron with skins as medicines, folium ginkgo and loquat leaves with leaves as medicines, honeysuckle and lily with flowers as medicines, medlar and kadsura longepedunculata with fruits as medicines, and waxgourd seeds and bitter apricot seeds with seeds as medicines are respectively selected, and are subjected to smouldering treatment by adopting a multi-concentration baking soda aqueous solution, and drinking water smouldering treatment is used as a contrast to observe the content change conditions of heavy metals and pesticide residues and the content change conditions of active ingredients.

The detection results are shown in table 1, and it can be seen that the sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution can significantly reduce the heavy metal and pesticide residue content of each medicinal material compared with the control drinking water; when the concentration of the sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution is more than 1%, the heavy metal/pesticide residue content of part of the medicinal materials is improved or the content of the active ingredients is reduced; when the concentration of the sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution is less than 0.5%, the content of heavy metal/pesticide residue of part of the medicinal materials is not obviously changed compared with that of a drinking water control group.

Moistening the above medicinal materials with 0.8% sodium bicarbonate water solution for different time periods, observing the content change of heavy metal and pesticide residue and the content of effective components, and the detection results are shown in Table 2. Therefore, when the moistening treatment time is longer than 60min, the content of the active ingredients of part of the medicinal materials is obviously reduced; when the moistening treatment time is less than 30min, the heavy metal/pesticide residue content of part of the medicinal materials is not obviously changed.

The moistening treatment in step S3 is performed at room temperature without the assistance of external power equipment, and only a proper container is selected for holding the medicinal materials, and the medicinal materials are kept stand to promote the discharge of heavy metals and pesticide residues by utilizing the metabolism function of the medicinal materials.

Meanwhile, the sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution is prepared from edible sodium bicarbonate and drinking water, and has extremely high edible safety.

And step S4, the moistened medicinal materials are sprayed and washed by drinking water so as to discharge heavy metals and pesticide residue discharged by the medicinal materials to the outside of the system.

The spray water adopted in the step S4 has a certain temperature and is used for gradually reducing the enzyme activity excited in the moistening process until the discharge of heavy metals and pesticide residue components by the medicinal material cells is blocked.

The above medicinal materials are rinsed for 10min after being moistened by water sprayed at different temperatures, the content change conditions of heavy metals and pesticide residues and the content change conditions of the active ingredients are observed, and the detection results are shown in table 3. It can be seen that when the temperature of the spray water is higher than 45 ℃, the heavy metal/pesticide residue content of most of the medicinal materials is remarkably reduced; when the temperature of the spray water is more than 55 ℃, the heavy metal/pesticide residue content of part of the medicinal materials is improved or the content of the active ingredients is reduced.

Detailed Description

In the following, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways, all without departing from the spirit or scope of the claimed embodiments. Accordingly, the description is to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive.

Example 1

Taking the storax seasoning II as an example, the formula comprises: honeysuckle, forsythia suspensa, red lily, figwort, glabrous greenbrier rhizome, himalayan teasel root, ginkgo leaf and other medicinal materials.

The above medicinal materials are respectively processed as follows:

1. sorting one by one manually, and stripping impurities on the surface layer;

2. winnowing and impurity removal by a winnowing machine;

3. sampling to ensure that no visible impurities exist on the surface of the medicinal material;

4. weighing a certain amount of medicinal materials which are subjected to dry sorting and impurity removal according to a production plan;

5. transferring the weighed medicinal materials into a spraying and washing tank, and spraying and washing by using room-temperature drinking water until the effluent is clean;

6. according to the amount of medicinal materials in the leaching tank, preparing an aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.5% by adopting edible sodium bicarbonate and room-temperature drinking water, and injecting the aqueous solution into the tank body to immerse the medicinal materials;

7. the amount of the sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution added is ensured to be completely absorbed by the medicinal materials within 30-60 min;

8. continuously spraying and cleaning the medicinal materials for 15min by using drinking water at the temperature of 45-50 ℃;

9. after spraying and cleaning, the medicinal materials are cut.

Mixing the processed medicinal materials, and performing subsequent processing according to production requirements to prepare the storax flavor II finished product.

Heavy metal elements such as chromium, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead and the like of the medicinal materials involved in the embodiment before, after dry impurity removal and after moistening cleaning treatment, and representative components in several types of pesticide residues specified for the medicinal materials in Chinese pharmacopoeia are respectively detected, and the detection results are shown in table 4. As can be seen from the table, the comparison results before and after dry impurity removal are significantly different; after the moistening and cleaning treatment, the heavy metal and pesticide residue content of the medicinal materials is further reduced compared with the result after the drying impurity removal.

Meanwhile, the finished product is sent to a Chinese test technical research institute to test heavy metal elements such as chromium, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead and the like and 15 pesticide residue components such as hexachloro-cyclohexane, dichlorodiphenyl-benzene, hexachlorobenzene and the like according to export requirements, and the result shows that the heavy metal content is obviously lower than the reference value specified in the plant division of the United states pharmacopoeia (the content of arsenic specified in the plant division of the United states pharmacopoeia is less than or equal to 3.0ppm, the content of cadmium is less than or equal to 0.5ppm, the content of lead is less than or equal to 3.0ppm, the content of mercury is less than or equal to 0.2ppm and the content of chromium is less than or equal to 2.0 ppm. Comparing the detection result of the heavy metal and pesticide residue content of the finished traditional Chinese medicine with the detection result of the heavy metal and pesticide residue content of the medicinal materials, the content of the heavy metal and the pesticide residue of the finished traditional Chinese medicine is not the sum of the content of the heavy metal and the pesticide residue in the medicinal materials. The components in the medicinal materials, no matter the effective components, or the components of heavy metals, pesticide residues and the like, can not be completely extracted, and the transfer rates are different. Therefore, the heavy metal and pesticide residue content of the compatible medicinal materials should not be taken as a means for judging the quality of the finished Chinese medicinal product.

Example 2

Taking an internal administration formula for fracture as an example, the formula comprises: chinese angelica tail, ligusticum wallichii, myrrh, safflower, cassia twig tip, pseudo-ginseng, earthworm, epimedium, medlar, costustoot, liquorice, rhizoma drynariae and other medicinal materials.

The above medicinal materials are respectively processed as follows:

1. sorting one by one manually, and stripping impurities on the surface layer;

2. winnowing and impurity removal by a winnowing machine;

6. according to the amount of medicinal materials in the leaching tank, preparing 1% aqueous solution by adopting edible sodium bicarbonate and room-temperature drinking water, and injecting the aqueous solution into the tank body to immerse the medicinal materials;

8. mixing the moistened medicinal materials, and continuously spraying and cleaning the medicinal materials for 30min by adopting drinking water at the temperature of 50-55 ℃;

9. after spraying and cleaning, the mixed medicinal materials are cut.

Performing subsequent treatment according to production requirements, and preparing a finished product of the internal prescription for fracture.

Heavy metal elements such as chromium, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead and the like of the medicinal materials involved in the embodiment before, after dry impurity removal and after moistening cleaning treatment, and representative components in several types of pesticide residues specified for the medicinal materials in Chinese pharmacopoeia are respectively detected, and the detection results are shown in table 5.

Meanwhile, the finished product is sent to a Chinese test technology research institute to test heavy metal elements such as chromium, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead and the like and 15 pesticide residue components such as hexachloro-cyclohexane, dichlorodiphenyl ketone, hexachlorobenzene and the like according to export requirements, and the result shows that the heavy metal content is obviously lower than the reference value specified in the plant book of United states Pharmacopeia and no pesticide residue component is detected.

Example 3

Taking Linglong killing captan as an example, the formula comprises: licorice, winged euonymus twig, cape jasmine, scutellaria, coptis, phellodendron bark, prepared rhubarb and the like.

The above medicinal materials are respectively processed as follows:

1. sorting one by one manually, and stripping impurities on the surface layer;

2. manually operating a dust removal air gun, and purging and removing dust of the selected medicinal materials one by one to ensure that no visible impurities exist on the surfaces of the medicinal materials;

3. weighing a certain amount of medicinal materials which are subjected to dry sorting and impurity removal according to a production plan;

4. transferring the weighed medicinal materials into a spraying and washing tank, and spraying and washing by using room-temperature drinking water until the effluent is clean;

5. according to the amount of medicinal materials in the leaching tank, preparing 1% aqueous solution by adopting edible sodium bicarbonate and room-temperature drinking water, and injecting the aqueous solution into the tank body to immerse the medicinal materials;

6. the amount of the sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution added is ensured to be completely absorbed by the medicinal materials within 30-60 min;

7. mixing the moistened medicinal materials, and continuously spraying and cleaning the medicinal materials for 20min by using drinking water at the temperature of 48-52 ℃;

8. after spraying and cleaning, the mixed medicinal materials are cut.

Heavy metal elements such as chromium, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead and the like of the medicinal materials involved in the embodiment before, after dry impurity removal and after moistening cleaning treatment, and representative components in several types of pesticide residues specified for the medicinal materials in Chinese pharmacopoeia are respectively detected, and the detection results are shown in table 6.

Example 4

Taking the decoction of the common rue and cassia twig as an example, the formula comprises: radix bupleuri, cassia twig, radix paeoniae rubra, radix paeoniae alba, baked ginger, liquorice, kadsura longepedunculata, platycodon grandiflorum, radix scutellariae, rhizoma phragmitis, semen benincasae and the like.

The above medicinal materials are respectively processed as follows:

1. sorting one by one manually, and stripping impurities on the surface layer;

5. according to the amount of medicinal materials in the leaching tank, preparing an aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.8% by adopting edible sodium bicarbonate and room-temperature drinking water, and injecting the aqueous solution into the tank body to immerse the medicinal materials;

7. mixing the moistened medicinal materials, and continuously spraying and cleaning the medicinal materials for 15min by using drinking water at the temperature of 43-50 ℃;

8. after spraying and cleaning, the mixed medicinal materials are cut.

Heavy metal elements such as chromium, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead and the like of the medicinal materials involved in the embodiment before, after dry impurity removal and after moistening cleaning treatment, and representative components in several types of pesticide residues specified for the medicinal materials in Chinese pharmacopoeia are respectively detected, and the detection results are shown in table 7.

Example 5

Taking fructus evodiae modified decoction as an example, the formula comprises: fructus Amomi, rhizoma Acori Graminei, rhizoma Zingiberis recens, fructus evodiae, fructus Jujubae, radix Codonopsis, Saviae Miltiorrhizae radix, (red) Bulbus Lilii, radix et rhizoma Rhei, and radix Gentianae etc.

The above medicinal materials are respectively processed as follows:

1. sorting one by one manually, and stripping impurities on the surface layer;

5. according to the amount of medicinal materials in the leaching tank, preparing an aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.7% by adopting edible sodium bicarbonate and room-temperature drinking water, and injecting the aqueous solution into the tank body to immerse the medicinal materials;

7. mixing the moistened medicinal materials, and continuously spraying and cleaning the medicinal materials for 17min by using drinking water at the temperature of 46-56 ℃;

8. after spraying and cleaning, the mixed medicinal materials are cut.

Heavy metal elements such as chromium, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead and the like of the medicinal materials involved in the embodiment before, after dry impurity removal and after moistening cleaning treatment, and representative components in several types of pesticide residues specified for the medicinal materials in Chinese pharmacopoeia are respectively detected, and the detection results are shown in table 8.

TABLE 1 influence of the concentration of aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution on the heavy metal/pesticide residue content of the herbs

TABLE 2.0.8 influence of moistening time of sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution on heavy metal/pesticide residue content of herbs

Table 3 influence of post-moistening spray water temperature on heavy metal/pesticide residue content of medicinal materials

TABLE 4 heavy metal/pesticide residue content of each herb in example 1 at different treatment stages

TABLE 5 heavy metal/pesticide residue contents of some herbs in example 2 at different treatment stages

TABLE 6 heavy metal/pesticide residue contents of each herb in example 3 at different treatment stages

TABLE 7 heavy metal/pesticide residue contents of some herbs in example 4 at different treatment stages

TABLE 8 heavy metal/pesticide residue content of each herb in example 5 at different treatment stages

Claims

1. The treatment method for reducing the content of heavy metal and pesticide residue in the traditional Chinese medicinal materials is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s2, cleaning the selected Chinese medicinal materials in the step S1;

s4, washing the Chinese medicinal materials obtained in the step S3;

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

selecting the Chinese medicinal materials one by one and fully removing impurities in the step S1;

the moistening treatment in step S3 is to mix the Chinese medicinal material obtained in step S2 with an alkaline solution during the treatment process, and the alkaline solution is just completely absorbed by the Chinese medicinal material when the treatment process is completed.

2. The processing method according to claim 1, wherein step S1 includes the steps of:

s11, manually sorting;

s12, carrying out auxiliary sorting on the traditional Chinese medicinal materials obtained in the step S11;

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the step S11 of manual selection is to select the Chinese medicinal materials one by one and remove impurities manually;

in the step S12, the auxiliary sorting is to perform further impurity removal processing on the Chinese herbal medicine subjected to impurity removal in the step S11 by using an auxiliary tool.

3. The processing method according to claim 2, wherein the surfaces of the Chinese medicinal materials after being sorted and cleaned in the step S1 have no visible impurities.

4. The treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 is performed by spray cleaning with drinking water.

5. The process of claim 1, wherein the alkaline solution in step S3 is 0.5-1% sodium bicarbonate solution.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the moistening in step S3 is performed for 30 to 60 min.

7. The treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the step S4 is performed by spray rinsing with drinking water at a temperature of 45 ℃ to 55 ℃.

8. The process according to any one of claims 1 or 7, wherein the rinsing period in step S4 is 15 to 20 min.