CN111494543A - Green processing technology of rhizoma polygonati - Google Patents
Green processing technology of rhizoma polygonati Download PDFInfo
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- CN111494543A CN111494543A CN202010322332.7A CN202010322332A CN111494543A CN 111494543 A CN111494543 A CN 111494543A CN 202010322332 A CN202010322332 A CN 202010322332A CN 111494543 A CN111494543 A CN 111494543A
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
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- A61K36/88—Liliopsida (monocotyledons)
- A61K36/896—Liliaceae (Lily family), e.g. daylily, plantain lily, Hyacinth or narcissus
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- A61K2236/10—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material
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- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/10—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material
- A61K2236/17—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material involving drying, e.g. sun-drying or wilting
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese herbal medicine processing, in particular to a green processing technology of rhizoma polygonati, which comprises the following steps: step 1, washing fresh rhizoma polygonati with clear water to remove silt on the surface of the rhizoma polygonati; step 2, soaking the sealwort obtained in the step 1 in a mixed cleaning agent for 10-120 min; step 3, washing the sealwort obtained in the step 2 with clear water at least once; the mixed cleaning agent is an aqueous solution mainly prepared from sodium bicarbonate and sodium citrate. According to the invention, the fresh rhizoma polygonati is soaked by the mixed cleaning agent, so that the content of residual heavy metals in the fresh rhizoma polygonati is effectively reduced, and harmful substances on the surfaces of the rhizoma polygonati can be prevented from entering the interior of the rhizoma polygonati in the steaming process, thereby affecting the quality of the rhizoma polygonati and causing indirect damage to human bodies.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese herbal medicine processing, in particular to a green processing technology of rhizoma polygonati. According to the invention, the polygonatum is subjected to green processing treatment in the original place, and the rapid quality improvement of the polygonatum is realized with less processing workload, so that the polygonatum can output a polygonatum crude product with more excellent quality.
Background
Polygonatum sibiricum (Polygonatum sibiricum Red.) as a carrier in the Chinese pharmacopoeia of the 2015 edition is a dried rhizome of Polygonatum sibiricum (Polygonatum Cyrtonema Hua), Polygonatum sibiricum (Polygonatum Cyrtonema Hua) or Polygonatum kingianum (Polygonatum kingianum Col1.et Hemsl.), which is known as rhizoma Polygonati, rhizoma polygonati zingiberis and rheum officinale essence according to different shapes.
The traditional processing method of sealwort comprises the following steps: removing fibrous root from fresh rhizoma Polygonati, washing with clear water, slightly scalding or steaming, and drying. However, with the rapid growth of population and the rapid development of industry, solid wastes are continuously piled and dumped to the surface of soil, harmful waste water continuously permeates into the soil, and harmful gas and floating dust in the atmosphere continuously fall into the soil along with rainwater, so that soil pollution is caused. Some heavy metals or pesticide residues can indirectly affect human health through grains, vegetables, fruits and the like, particularly the traditional Chinese medicinal material rhizoma polygonati has a steaming treatment step, a planting farmer can directly wash the surface of fresh rhizoma polygonati with clear water, the removal rate of the heavy metals or pesticide residues is poor, harmful substances on the surface of the rhizoma polygonati can enter the rhizoma polygonati in the steaming process, so that the quality of the rhizoma polygonati is affected, and indirect damage can be caused to human bodies.
According to the discovery of Chinese patent CN 106109519A by search, a preparation process of Panax plants is disclosed, specifically (1), firstly, the medicinal materials are subjected to air washing, ultrasonic washing and ozone washing, and impurities and microorganisms on the epidermis are purified and removed; (2) eluting with 5-10 times of weak acid solution with pH of 4-6, eluting with 5-10 times of weak alkaline solution with pH of 7.5-9.5, and eluting with purified water to pH 7-8; (3) and (3) drying the product obtained in the step (2) to obtain the panax plant. The preparation process of the natural plant ginseng simultaneously comprises air washing, ultrasonic washing and ozone washing, impurities and microorganisms on the epidermis are purified and removed, then weak acid and alkali are used for one-time elution, and the natural plant medicinal material is obtained by drying. However, the energy consumption of each process is very high, and the multiple process steps are not matched with each other, so that a good ginseng processing effect can be finally achieved, but the method is required to depend on various equipment with high investment cost, and is not suitable for the primary processing of the natural plant medicinal materials in the production area.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the technical problem that the removal rate of heavy metals is poor when the epidermis of the rhizoma polygonati is washed by clear water in the processing treatment process of the rhizoma polygonati in the prior art, the green processing technology for the rhizoma polygonati is provided. The method effectively improves the removal rate of heavy metals, and prevents harmful substances on the surfaces of the rhizoma polygonati from entering the rhizoma polygonati during steaming, thereby affecting the quality of the rhizoma polygonati and causing indirect damage to human bodies.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a green processing technology of rhizoma polygonati comprises the following steps:
step 1, washing fresh rhizoma polygonati with clear water to remove silt on the surface of the rhizoma polygonati;
step 2, soaking the sealwort obtained in the step 1 in a mixed cleaning agent for 10-120 min;
step 3, washing the sealwort obtained in the step 2 with clear water at least once;
the mixed cleaning agent is an aqueous solution mainly prepared from sodium bicarbonate and sodium citrate.
The green processing technology for the polygonatum sibiricum adopts the mixed cleaning agent for soaking treatment, effectively reduces heavy metal ions adsorbed on the surface in the polygonatum sibiricum planting process, and avoids harmful substances on the surface of the polygonatum sibiricum from entering the interior of the polygonatum sibiricum during the steaming process, thereby influencing the quality of the polygonatum sibiricum and causing indirect damage to human bodies. The mixed cleaning agent is a mixed solution prepared by using sodium bicarbonate and sodium citrate as solutes and water as a solvent.
Further, in the step 1, the fresh rhizoma polygonati is subjected to brushing and clean water washing treatment by using a soft brush. Effectively remove the silt on the surface of the fresh rhizoma polygonati.
Further, in the step 1, the fresh rhizoma polygonati is washed by clear water to remove fibrous roots.
Further, in the step 2, the sealwort is stirred in the soaking process. The stirring treatment can effectively improve the efficiency of removing harmful substances. Preferably, the rotation speed of stirring is 2r/min to 10 r/min.
Further, in the step 3, washing is performed at least twice.
Furthermore, the mass ratio of the sodium citrate to the sodium bicarbonate in the mixed cleaning agent is 1: 4-15. The inventor researches and discovers that the content of corresponding sodium bicarbonate is high, the effect of removing heavy metal by soaking is good, and the residual heavy metal ions of fresh rhizoma polygonati can be removed to a large extent. Sodium citrate and sodium bicarbonate have acid-base differences, and the pH of the soaking cleaner is higher with more sodium bicarbonate added, but is also disadvantageous for the continuous removal of heavy metals if the sodium bicarbonate content is too high and the sodium citrate content is too low. For example, when the ratio of sodium citrate to sodium bicarbonate is 1:30 and 1:40, lead residue is increased to a certain extent compared with that of the mixed cleaning agent of 1:10, which may be related to the dissolution efficiency of the mixed solution for heavy metal lead in the polygonatum sibiricum epidermis from the epidermis. In order to ensure better heavy metal removal efficiency, the ratio of the sodium citrate to the sodium bicarbonate is controlled within a more appropriate ratio range of 1: 10-15.
Furthermore, the sum of the mass of the sodium citrate and the mass of the sodium bicarbonate in the mixed cleaning agent is 1/8-1/30 of the total mass of the solution. Preferably 1/20.
Furthermore, the weight of the soaking mixed cleaning agent used for each kilogram of rhizoma polygonati is more than 5 kilograms, preferably more than 10 kilograms. The fully mixed cleaning agent is applied according to the weight of fresh rhizoma polygonati, so that the enough mixed cleaning agent is ensured to be used for soaking and cleaning the rhizoma polygonati, the concentration of the medicament components in the mixed cleaning agent is proper, and the optimal soaking and cleaning effect is achieved.
Preferably, the mass concentration of the sodium bicarbonate in the mixed cleaning agent is 2-5%.
Preferably, the mass concentration of the sodium citrate in the mixed cleaning agent is 0.1-2.5%.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, the sealwort is soaked in the mixed cleaning agent for 20min to 60 min.
Preferably, the mixed cleaning agent is soaked for 30-40 min. Through a large number of experimental researches, the inventor finds that the heavy metal lead residue in polygonatum cyrtonema can be remarkably reduced by soaking fresh polygonatum sibiricum in the mixed cleaning agent for more than 10 minutes, the lead Pb residue content shows a remarkable reduction trend along with the prolonging of the soaking time, the lead Pb residue reaches a balance in about 30 minutes, and the lead Pb residue does not reduce any more even if the soaking time is prolonged to 60 minutes.
Further, in the step 2, the soaking temperature is 30-60 ℃, preferably 35-50 ℃. More preferably from 40 ℃ to 50 ℃. It is found that the temperature of the soaking solution is properly increased, the soaking temperature can accelerate the removal of the residual heavy metals in the epidermis of the fresh polygonatum sibiricum by the mixed cleaning agent, but the mixed cleaning agent used for soaking is excessively high in temperature, and conversely, partial residual heavy metals in the epidermis of the polygonatum sibiricum can be caused to be insufficiently leached and removed due to degeneration of the epidermis cells of the polygonatum sibiricum, so that the soaking temperature is not as high as possible. When the soaking temperature is controlled within 35-50 ℃, the soaking can be better ensured to have better effect of removing residual heavy metals on the surfaces of polygonatum cyrtonema. In particular, soaking at 40-50 deg.C is preferred. Higher temperature is not more beneficial to the soaking, removing and purifying effect of heavy metals, but causes damage influence in the primary processing process of rhizoma polygonati.
Further, the fresh rhizoma polygonati is the rhizoma polygonati excavated within 24 hours. Preferably, the sealwort excavated within 12h of the soil is mined.
Further comprises the following steps of washing the materials with clear water, and then placing the materials in a hot air oven to be dried at the temperature of 50-70 ℃ until the moisture content is less than 15%.
Further, step 4, the sealwort obtained in the step 3 is subjected to scalding and cooling treatment. Further, step 4, scalding the sealwort obtained in the step 3 in boiling water for more than 3min, and cooling. Preferably, the mixture is scalded for 3-4 min. The inventor researches and discovers that the content of polygonatum polysaccharide is continuously reduced along with the increase of the scalding time and is reduced in 4-5min, the material can reach the degree of penetration in 3min as can be seen from the cross section of the medicinal material, and the scalding time is preferably 3-4 min.
Further, step 5, drying the sealwort obtained in the step 4. Further, step 5, drying the sealwort obtained in the step 4 in an oven. Further, the drying temperature is 50-70 ℃. Preferably, the drying temperature is 60 ℃ to 70 ℃. Further, the drying time in the step 5 is 4-6 h. The inventor finds that the change of polysaccharide content and diosgenin content of rhizoma polygonati can be influenced by different drying temperatures through a large amount of researches, and the rhizoma polygonati processing technology has a good drying effect at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ under the condition of comprehensively considering the cost, the energy consumption and the polysaccharide content, and has good control on aspects such as color, taste, numbness tongue feeling and the like of rhizoma polygonati.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the fresh rhizoma polygonati is soaked by the mixed cleaning agent, so that the content of residual heavy metals in the fresh rhizoma polygonati is effectively reduced, the removal rate of the heavy metals can reach more than 60%, and harmful substances on the surfaces of the rhizoma polygonati can be prevented from entering the interior of the rhizoma polygonati in the steaming process, so that the quality of the rhizoma polygonati is influenced and indirect damage is caused to human bodies.
2. The processing technology provided by the invention is simple to operate, low in cost and convenient for industrial application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In the following embodiments of the invention, polygonatum cyrtonema is used as a research object, and a green processing experiment is carried out within 12 hours of excavation of soil from polygonatum cyrtonema so as to ensure the freshness of polygonatum cyrtonema.
Comparative example 1
Processing method of rhizoma polygonati in Chinese pharmacopoeia
One of the processing methods of Chinese pharmacopoeia producing areas: ironing
Taking fresh rhizoma Polygonati, removing fibrous root, and cleaning with clear water to remove dirt on surface. Then, the mixture was boiled in 10 times by weight of boiled water until it was thoroughly boiled (about 10 minutes), and dried in a hot air oven at 70 ℃ for 2 hours.
The second processing method of the Chinese pharmacopoeia producing area: steaming
Taking fresh rhizoma Polygonati, removing fibrous root, and cleaning with clear water to remove dirt on surface. Then, the mixture was put into a steamer, steamed until it was transparent (about 115 minutes), and dried in a hot air oven at 70 ℃ for 2 hours.
The chinese pharmacopoeia relates to a sealwort processing method, and only makes general principle rules, and we try to simulate sealwort processing according to general process parameters. Obtaining rhizoma Polygonati A1 and rhizoma Polygonati A2 which are primary processed products of rhizoma Polygonati prepared by two processing methods specified in Chinese pharmacopoeia.
Example 1
Soaking and washing with mixed detergent
Preparing mixed cleaning agent, namely adding 19L purified water into 0.5kg of sodium citrate and 0.5kg of sodium bicarbonate, and stirring and dissolving uniformly to obtain the mixed cleaning agent for later use.
Washing the newly dug polygonatum cyrtonema from the ground with clear water to remove silt on the surface of the polygonatum cyrtonema; removing fibrous root, and washing with tap water. Soaking 500g of cleaned polygonatum cyrtonema in a mixed cleaning agent at room temperature (23 +/-2 ℃), washing the polygonatum cyrtonema with clear water after soaking, and drying the surface moisture of the polygonatum cyrtonema in a 60 ℃ hot air oven to finish primary processing of the polygonatum cyrtonema.
Washing the newly dug polygonatum cyrtonema from the ground with clear water to remove silt on the surface of the polygonatum cyrtonema; removing fibrous root, and washing with tap water. 500g of cleaned polygonatum cyrtonema is put into clean water for soaking treatment at room temperature (23 +/-2 ℃), the polygonatum cyrtonema is washed clean by the clean water after soaking is finished, and the polygonatum cyrtonema is put into a hot air oven at 60 ℃ for drying the surface moisture of the polygonatum cyrtonema.
The sealwort, the sealwort soaked in clear water, the sealwort A1 and the sealwort A2 which are obtained by different mixed cleaning agents are precisely weighed, then the measurement is carried out according to the method for measuring lead in the food of the national standard GB/T5009.12-2017 (dithiohydrazone colorimetry), the content of heavy metal in the sealwort is changed after the sealwort is soaked by the mixed cleaning agents, and the results are shown in the following table.
TABLE 1 heavy metal residue in rhizoma Polygonati at different soaking times
From the above results, by soaking fresh polygonatum sibiricum in the mixed cleaning agent solution for more than 10 minutes, the heavy metal lead residue in polygonatum sibiricum can be significantly reduced, and the lead Pb residue amount shows a significantly reduced trend along with the extension of the soaking time, reaches a balance in about 30 minutes, and does not decrease even when the soaking time is extended to 60 minutes. Therefore, the soaking time is preliminarily determined to be 20 to 60 minutes. The preferable soaking time is 30 min-40 min.
Example 2
Investigation of mixing ratio of mixed cleaning agent
Preparing a mixed cleaning agent, namely weighing 1kg of sodium citrate and 1kg of sodium bicarbonate according to the weight ratio of 1:1, 1:4, 1:7, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, 1:30 and 1:40 respectively, adding the weighed sodium citrate and sodium bicarbonate into 19L water, and stirring and dissolving the mixture uniformly to obtain the mixed cleaning agent for later use.
Cleaning fresh polygonatum cyrtonema dug from the ground with clear water to remove silt on the surface of the polygonatum cyrtonema; removing fibrous root, and washing with tap water. And (3) putting 500g of cleaned polygonatum cyrtonema into the mixed cleaning agent at room temperature (23 +/-2 ℃) for soaking for 30 minutes, washing the polygonatum cyrtonema completely with clear water after soaking, and putting the polygonatum cyrtonema into a 60 ℃ hot air oven to dry the surface moisture of the polygonatum cyrtonema, thus finishing the primary processing of the polygonatum cyrtonema.
The prepared polygonatum sibiricum product was subjected to heavy metal residue test in the same manner as in example 1, and the results are shown in the following table.
TABLE 2 influence of sodium bicarbonate and sodium citrate ratio on heavy metal residue
| The ratio of sodium citrate to sodium bicarbonate | Lead Pb residue (mg/Kg) |
| 1:1 | 0.43 |
| 1:4 | 0.32 |
| 1:7 | 0.30 |
| 1:10 | 0.29 |
| 1:15 | 0.28 |
| 1:20 | 0.35 |
| 1:30 | 0.24 |
| 1:40 | 0.25 |
Through the comparative analysis, when the mixing ratio of the sodium citrate to the sodium bicarbonate is in the range of 1:4-1:15, the content of the corresponding sodium bicarbonate is high, the effect of removing heavy metal in soaking is good, and the residual heavy metal ions in the fresh rhizoma polygonati can be removed to a great extent. Sodium citrate and sodium bicarbonate have acid-base differences, and the pH of the soaking cleaner is higher with more sodium bicarbonate added, but is also disadvantageous for the continuous removal of heavy metals if the sodium bicarbonate content is too high and the sodium citrate content is too low. For example, when the ratio of sodium citrate to sodium bicarbonate is 1:30 and 1:40, lead residue is increased to a certain extent compared with that of the mixed cleaning agent of 1:10, which may be related to the dissolution efficiency of the mixed solution for heavy metal lead in the polygonatum sibiricum epidermis from the epidermis. In order to ensure better heavy metal removal efficiency, the ratio of the sodium citrate to the sodium bicarbonate is controlled within a preferable ratio range of 1:10-1: 15.
Example 3
Investigation of immersion temperature
0.2kg of sodium citrate and 0.8kg of sodium bicarbonate are weighed, then added into 19L water, and stirred and dissolved uniformly to obtain a mixed cleaning agent for later use.
Washing the newly dug polygonatum cyrtonema with clear water to remove silt on the surface of the polygonatum cyrtonema; removing fibrous root, and washing with tap water. 500g of cleaned polygonatum cyrtonema is reserved. Placing the mixed cleaning agent in a water bath kettle, heating to 25-60 ℃, and keeping the temperature constant. After the temperature of the cleaning agent is stable, adding polygonatum cyrtonema, soaking for 30 minutes, washing with clear water after soaking is finished, and putting into a hot air oven at 60 ℃ to dry the surface moisture of the polygonatum cyrtonema, thus finishing the primary processing of the polygonatum cyrtonema.
The prepared polygonatum sibiricum product was subjected to heavy metal residue test in the same manner as in example 1, and the results are shown in the following table.
TABLE 3 immersion temperature impact on heavy metal residue
| Soaking temperature/. degree.C | Lead Pb residue (unit: mg/Kg) |
| 25 | 0.32 |
| 30 | 0.31 |
| 35 | 0.29 |
| 40 | 0.27 |
| 50 | 0.28 |
| 55 | 0.28 |
| 60 | 0.28 |
Through different soaking temperature comparison studies, the temperature of the soaking solution is properly increased, the soaking temperature can accelerate the removal of the residual heavy metals in the epidermis of the fresh polygonatum sibiricum by the mixed cleaning agent, but the excessive high temperature of the mixed cleaning agent used for soaking can cause that part of the residual heavy metals in the epidermis of the polygonatum sibiricum cannot be sufficiently leached and removed due to degeneration of the epidermis cells of the polygonatum sibiricum, so that the higher the soaking temperature is, the better the soaking temperature is. When the soaking temperature is controlled within 35-50 ℃, the soaking can be better ensured to have better effect of removing residual heavy metals on the surfaces of polygonatum cyrtonema. In particular, soaking at 40-50 deg.C is preferred. Higher temperature is not more beneficial to the soaking, removing and purifying effect of heavy metals, but causes damage influence in the primary processing process of rhizoma polygonati.
Example 4
Temperature and time effects during the soaking process
0.1kg of sodium citrate and 0.9kg of sodium bicarbonate are weighed, then added into 19L water, and stirred and dissolved uniformly to obtain a mixed cleaning agent for later use.
Washing the newly dug polygonatum cyrtonema with clear water to remove silt on the surface of the polygonatum cyrtonema; removing fibrous root, and washing with tap water. 500g of cleaned polygonatum cyrtonema is reserved. Placing the mixed cleaning agent in a water bath kettle, heating to 40-50 ℃ and keeping the temperature constant. After the temperature of the cleaning agent is stable, adding polygonatum cyrtonema, soaking for 15-60 minutes, washing with clear water after soaking is finished, and putting into a 60 ℃ hot air oven to dry the surface moisture of the polygonatum cyrtonema, thus finishing the primary processing of the polygonatum cyrtonema.
TABLE 4 soaking temperature and soaking time effects on heavy metal residues
| Soaking temperature/. degree.C | Soaking time | Lead Pb residue (unit: mg/Kg) |
| 40 | 15 | 0.29 |
| 40 | 30 | 0.27 |
| 40 | 60 | 0.27 |
| 45 | 15 | 0.28 |
| 45 | 30 | 0.26 |
| 45 | 60 | 0.27 |
| 50 | 15 | 0.28 |
| 50 | 30 | 0.27 |
| 50 | 60 | 0.27 |
Through different soaking temperature comparison studies, the fact that when the temperature is controlled within 40-50 ℃, the residual heavy metal lead in the sealwort can be well removed when the soaking time reaches more than 30 minutes, and the soaking treatment is preferably carried out at the temperature of 40-45 ℃ in consideration of the damage influence of the temperature on the fresh sealwort, the heavy metal removal efficiency and the energy consumption required by heating.
Example 5
Determination of residual of various heavy metal elements
Weighing 1kg of sodium citrate 0.1kg and sodium bicarbonate 0.9kg, adding into 19L water, stirring and dissolving uniformly to obtain mixed cleaning agent for use.
Cleaning freshly dug Polygonatum cyrtonema with tap water, removing fibrous roots, and washing with tap water. 500g of cleaned polygonatum cyrtonema is reserved. And (3) placing the mixed cleaning agent in a water bath kettle, heating to 40 ℃ and keeping the temperature constant. After the temperature of the cleaning agent is stable, adding polygonatum cyrtonema, soaking for 30 minutes, washing with clear water after soaking is finished, and putting into a hot air oven at 60 ℃ to dry the surface moisture of the polygonatum cyrtonema, thus finishing the primary processing of the polygonatum cyrtonema.
The test method is as follows: the heavy metal content is measured by a method for measuring lead in foods of national standard GB/T5009.12-2017 (graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry), a method for measuring cadmium in foods of GB/T5009.15-2014 (graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry), a method for measuring total mercury in foods of GB/T5009.17-2014 (atomic fluorescence spectrometry) and a method for measuring total arsenic in foods of GB/T5009.11-1996 (silver salt method).
TABLE 5 analysis of the removal rate of various heavy metals in Polygonatum cyrtonema (unit: mg/kg)
The results of atomic absorption spectrometry show that the green primary processing method for fresh polygonatum sibiricum can well solve the problem of heavy metal component residue in fresh polygonatum sibiricum, and has good removal effect on various heavy metal elements.
Example 6
Investigation of scalding time after soaking polygonatum cyrtonema
Soaking according to the same method as in example 5, taking out after soaking for 30 minutes, washing with clear water, then placing rhizoma Polygonati into boiling water for blanching for 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 300, 600s, cooling, placing into 60 deg.C oven for drying for 5h, stopping drying, pulverizing with pulverizer, and sieving with 40 mesh sieve for use. The polysaccharide determination method refers to an ultraviolet spectrophotometry method under the item of rhizoma polygonati in the 'Chinese pharmacopoeia' 2015 edition to determine the polysaccharide content of a sample. The test results are shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 example 6 Effect of different blanching times on Polygonatum polysaccharide content
The data show that the content of the polygonatum polysaccharide is continuously reduced along with the increase of the scalding time, the content is reduced in 4-5min, the material can reach the degree of penetration in 3min as shown from the cross section of the medicinal material, and the scalding time is preferably 3-4 min.
Example 7
Investigation of drying temperature of polygonatum cyrtonema blanc
Soaking according to the same method as in example 5, taking out after soaking for 30 minutes, washing with clear water, scalding in boiling water for 4min, and then placing in a hot air oven for drying for 6 h. The drying temperatures of the hot air oven were controlled to 50 deg.C, 60 deg.C, 70 deg.C, 80 deg.C, and 90 deg.C, respectively, to compare the influence of different hot air drying temperatures on the quality of processed rhizoma Polygonati.
After drying, the sealwort obtained by processing at different drying temperatures and two sealwort processed by the existing method of comparative example 1 are respectively measured according to a polysaccharide measuring method, a diosgenin content measuring method and a water-soluble extract content measuring method, and the content difference of various key components in the sealwort product is analyzed.
The specific test method is as follows:
1. the polysaccharide determination method comprises the following steps: the polysaccharide content of the sample is determined by referring to an ultraviolet spectrophotometry under the item of rhizoma polygonati in the 'Chinese pharmacopoeia' 2015 edition.
2. The method for measuring the diosgenin content comprises the steps of taking 2g of polygonatum multiflorum powder, placing the polygonatum multiflorum powder into a flat-bottomed flask, adding 50m L ethanol, shaking up, weighing, heating and refluxing for 4 hours, cooling, weighing, adding ethanol to the balance, shaking up, filtering, concentrating a filtrate 20m L to dryness, adding 80m L and 3 mol/L hydrochloric acid into residues to dissolve, refluxing in boiling water for 4 hours, cooling, transferring to a separating funnel, adding 40m L (20,10 and 10m L) of chloroform to extract for 3 times, combining chloroform liquid, concentrating dry chloroform under reduced pressure, adding methanol to dissolve residues, fixing the volume to a 25m L bottle, shaking up, and measuring the diosgenin content by using a high performance liquid chromatography, wherein the process parameters tested by the high performance liquid chromatography are that a chromatographic column C18, the testing wavelength is 208nm, a mobile phase methanol-water (95:5) and the sample volume is 2 mu g.
3. The content determination method of the water-soluble extract comprises the following steps: precisely weighing 2g of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua powder with different drying temperatures, placing in a 100ml conical flask, precisely adding 50ml of water, sealing, weighing, standing for 1 hr, connecting with a reflux condenser tube, heating to boil, and keeping slightly boiling for 1 hr. After cooling, the flask was taken off, the stopper was sealed, the weight was weighed again, the weight lost was made up with water, shaken well, filtered through a drying filter, 25ml of the filtrate was measured precisely, placed in an evaporation dish dried to constant weight, dried on a water bath, dried at 105 ℃ for 3 hours, placed in a desiccator for cooling for 30 minutes, and the weight was weighed precisely and quickly. The content (%) of the water-soluble extract in the test sample was calculated on a dry basis, unless otherwise specified.
The sealwort prepared by the processing method of the invention has the following test results.
TABLE 7 Experimental results of polysaccharide content, diosgenin content, and water extract of samples at different drying temperatures
| Temperature/. degree.C | Drying time/h | Polysaccharide/%) | Diosgenin (mg/g) | Water extract/% |
| 50 | 15 | 9.76 | 1.21 | 59.12 |
| 60 | 10 | 9.32 | 1.32 | 60.14 |
| 70 | 6 | 8.02 | 1.15 | 57.13 |
| 80 | 3 | 7.12 | 0.95 | 53.12 |
| 90 | 2 | 5.15 | 0.43 | 52.68 |
| Comparative example 1 | Ironing | 8.36 | 0.86 | 47.23 |
| Comparative example 1 | Steaming | 13.21 | 1.93 | 55.82 |
From the above results, the drying effect at 60 ℃ was the best, and the polysaccharide content, diosgenin content, and water extract were all the best. If the drying temperature is set to be too high, although the drying speed is higher, the quality attenuation of the polygonatum is serious, the water extract is reduced, and the direct eating of the polygonatum is limited.
Example 8
Appearance and mouthfeel comprehensive score
The appearance and taste of Chinese medicinal materials are often related to their quality, so it is necessary to score the appearance and taste of samples as an index for evaluating the quality of the samples.
Taking the dried rhizoma polygonati product prepared in the example 7 and two rhizoma polygonati processed by the existing method in the comparative example 1, and respectively scoring the rhizoma polygonati medicinal materials dried at 50 ℃, 60 ℃ and 70 ℃ according to the comprehensive evaluation of appearance, taste and the like of the related documents and the traditional experience.
The appearance and mouthfeel scoring criteria were as follows:
appearance: the sample is light yellow with 1 point, a little reddish brown with 0.8 point, yellow with 0.5 point and reddish brown with 0 point.
The mouthfeel is as follows: no sour taste, sweet taste, no bitter taste of 1 point, no sweet taste, sour taste, and bitter taste of 0 point.
Tongue numbness: there is no tingling sensation at 1 point and severe tingling sensation at 0 point.
Table 9 appearance taste scoring results
From the results, the sealwort processing technology has better drying effect at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ under the condition of comprehensively considering the cost, the energy consumption and the polysaccharide content, and has better control in various aspects such as yellow and quiet color, mouthfeel, tongue numbness and the like. Compared with the scalding and steaming process in the prior art, the sealwort product obtained by the sealwort processing process disclosed by the invention can be well balanced in appearance and taste, and the sealwort product with excellent quality can be obtained by directly drying the primarily processed sealwort.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A green processing technology for rhizoma polygonati is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, washing fresh rhizoma polygonati with clear water to remove silt on the surface of the rhizoma polygonati;
step 2, soaking the sealwort obtained in the step 1 in a mixed cleaning agent for 10-120 min;
step 3, washing the sealwort obtained in the step 2 with clear water at least once;
the mixed cleaning agent is an aqueous solution mainly prepared from sodium bicarbonate and sodium citrate.
2. The green sealwort processing technology according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of sodium citrate to sodium bicarbonate in the mixed cleaning agent is 1: 4-15.
3. The green sealwort processing technology according to claim 1, wherein the sum of the mass of the sodium bicarbonate and the mass of the sodium citrate in the mixed cleaning agent is 1/8-1/30 of the total mass of the solution.
4. The green sealwort processing technology according to claim 1, wherein each kilogram of sealwort is soaked with the mixed cleaning agent with a weight of more than 5 kilograms.
5. The green sealwort processing technology according to claim 2, wherein the mass concentration of sodium bicarbonate in the mixed cleaning agent is 2-5%.
6. The green sealwort processing technology according to claim 3, wherein the mass concentration of sodium citrate in the mixed cleaning agent is 0.1-2.5%.
7. The green sealwort processing technology according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, sealwort is soaked in the mixed cleaning agent for 20-60 min.
8. The green sealwort processing technology according to claim 7, wherein in the step 2, the mixed cleaning agent is soaked for 30-40 min.
9. The green sealwort processing process according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, the soaking temperature of sealwort is 30-60 ℃.
10. The green processing technology of rhizoma polygonati according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein in step 1, the fresh rhizoma polygonati is rhizoma polygonati excavated within 24 hours of earth.
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