CN111053611A - 激光骨科钻孔装置 - Google Patents

激光骨科钻孔装置 Download PDF

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CN111053611A
CN111053611A CN201911217421.9A CN201911217421A CN111053611A CN 111053611 A CN111053611 A CN 111053611A CN 201911217421 A CN201911217421 A CN 201911217421A CN 111053611 A CN111053611 A CN 111053611A
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程庭清
江海河
吴先友
王礼
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种激光骨科钻孔装置。它的固定件(3)上置有其转轴(51)为螺母、与螺母配接的为空心轴丝杠(52)的步进电机(4),空心轴丝杠(52)内置并联固接的水雾管(1)和光纤套管(2),水雾管(1)的一端与水雾源(8)连通、另一端伸出空心轴丝杠(52),且伸出的端面为面向光纤套管(2)的与水雾管(1)轴向呈40‑45°的切角面,光纤(7)置于光纤套管(2)中,其一端与激光器(12)连接、另一端面与光纤套管(2)均短于水雾管(1)的切角面尖端,步进电机(4)经步进电机开关(11)与步进电机控制器(10)连接。它的钻孔深度不受激光的光束质量和光学系统的限制,极易于广泛地商业化应用于骨科临床中。

Description

激光骨科钻孔装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种骨科钻孔装置,尤其是一种激光骨科钻孔装置。
背景技术
目前,在骨科手术中,医生常需在骨折部位的周围钻孔,以固定或安装植入物来维持骨结构的稳定性,如中国发明专利申请CN 110141361 A于2019年8月20日公布的一种用于骨科钻孔的激光手术手术刀系统。该发明专利申请文件中提及的手术刀系统包括人体骨骼三维建模设备、激光钻孔设备和影像学监测设备,其中的激光钻孔设备由机械手臂、激光器、光纤、光纤准直器和CCD定位相机组成。钻孔时,在上述三种设备的协同控制下,机械手臂将光纤准直器移动至钻孔位置,激光器输出的激光经光纤和光纤准直器后,对骨骼外部的软组织及骨组织进行钻孔。这种激光钻孔设备虽能对骨组织进行钻孔,却也存在着受激光的光束质量和光学系统的制约,理论上最大的孔径比仅能达到1:7,基于骨科临床钻孔直径仅需2-3mm的现实限制,其最大钻孔深度只可达到14-21mm,而实际临床需要的孔的深度为0-100mm之缺陷。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题为克服现有技术中的不足之处,提供一种钻孔的深度不受限制,且使用方便的激光骨科钻孔装置。
为解决本发明的技术问题,所采用的技术方案为,激光骨科钻孔装置包括固定件上置有的连接激光器的光纤,特别是:
所述固定件上置有步进电机;
所述步进电机经丝杠螺母付与手柄动配合连接;
所述丝杠螺母付的螺母为步进电机的转轴、丝杠为一端与手柄固定连接的空心轴丝杠;
所述空心轴丝杠内置并联固定连接的水雾管和光纤套管;
所述水雾管的一端与水雾源连通、另一端伸出空心轴丝杠,且伸出的端面为面向光纤套管的与水雾管轴向呈40-45°的切角面;
所述光纤置于光纤套管中,其一端与激光器连接、另一端的端面与光纤套管均短于水雾管的切角面尖端1-2mm;
所述步进电机经步进电机开关与步进电机控制器电连接。
作为激光骨科钻孔装置的进一步改进:
优选地,水雾管和光纤套管伸出空心轴丝杠的管长均≥100mm;足以满足钻孔深达100mm以上的临床需要。
优选地,水雾管和光纤套管的内径均为0.6-1.0mm。
优选地,光纤的芯径为0.5-0.9mm。
优选地,光纤的数值孔径为0.18-0.22。
优选地,激光器为输出波长2um的铥激光器,或2.1um的钬激光器,或2.79um的铒激光器,或2.94um的铒激光器;此输出波段的激光极利于人体骨组织富含的水分及羟基磷灰石对其的吸收。
优选地,激光器输出的脉宽为30-150us、频率为10-100Hz、单脉冲能量为100-600mJ;利于钻孔过程的实现和降低或消除热传导对孔周围正常组织的热损伤,以及消除碳化效应。
优选地,激光器输出的光斑直径为1-2mm;利于钻孔过程的实现和降低或消除热传导对孔周围正常组织的热损伤,以及消除碳化效应。
优选地,水雾管与水雾源间串联连接有水雾开关;便于对钻孔过程的控制。
优选地,光纤与激光器间串联连接有激光开关;便于对钻孔过程的控制。
相对于现有技术的有益效果是:
(1)由光纤的数值孔径NA和对应输出波段的激光的张角,而获得的于光纤端面为确定距离处的辐射半径(2NA+光纤芯径),使光纤的端面在不需光纤准直器和CCD定位相机的帮助下,可自行深入到骨组织中将激光聚焦于钻孔处的骨组织上,从而不仅使钻孔的孔径比不再受激光的光束质量和光学系统的限制,所需钻孔的深度同时也不再受限制;
(2)覆盖激光辐照区域的水雾,除可对骨组织进行冷却,降低激光作用的热损伤,避免骨组织的碳化之外,且同时还使水分子获得了巨大的动能,来直接轰击骨组织,产生剥脱效应;
(3)使用方便,既不再需要使用光纤准直器对光纤传输的激光进行准直,也不需使用CCD定位相机进行定位处理;
从而使本发明极易于广泛地商业化应用于骨科临床中。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一种基本结构示意图。
图2是本发明的激光钻孔原理示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的优选方式作进一步详细的描述。
参见图1,激光骨科钻孔装置的构成如下:
固定件3上置有步进电机4,该步进电机4经丝杠螺母付5与手柄6动配合连接;其中,丝杠螺母付5的螺母为步进电机4的转轴51、丝杠为一端与手柄6固定连接的空心轴丝杠52。
空心轴丝杠52内置并联固定连接的水雾管1和光纤套管2;其中,水雾管1的一端经水雾开关9与水雾源8连通、另一端伸出空心轴丝杠52,且伸出的端面为面向光纤套管2 的与水雾管1轴向呈41(可为40-45)°的切角面,光纤7置于光纤套管2中,其一端经激光开关13与激光器12连接、另一端的端面与光纤套管2均短于水雾管1的切角面尖端 1.5(可为1-2)mm。前述的水雾管1和光纤套管2伸出空心轴丝杠52的管长分别为120 和118.5(均可≥100)mm,水雾管1和光纤套管2的内径均为1(可为0.6-1.0)mm,光纤7的芯径为0.9(可为0.5-0.9)mm、数值孔径为0.2(可为0.18-0.22),激光器12为输出波长2um的铥激光器(或2.1um的钬激光器或2.79um的铒激光器或2.94um的铒激光器),其输出的脉宽为50(可为30-150)us、频率为50(可为10-100)Hz、单脉冲能量为 400(可为100-600)mJ,光斑直径为1(可为1-2)mm。
步进电机4经步进电机开关11与步进电机控制器10电连接。
参见图1和图2,钻孔时,只需先将固定件3与现有的机械手臂固定连接,并与手柄6一起协同引导水雾管1和光纤套管2的端部到达需要钻孔的骨组织处——由光纤7的辐射半径(2NA+光纤芯径)得到光纤7的端面距离待钻孔的骨组织约为2mm,实现精准定位;再通过步进电机开关11、激光开关13和水雾开关9启动步进电机4运动、激光器12输出激光和水雾源8喷射水雾15。水雾管1和光纤套管2在空心轴丝杠52的带动下,两者的管轴心沿圆16绕旋转轴心14旋转,其喷出的水雾15和输出的激光也随之旋转并沿空心轴丝杠52的轴向向骨组织的内部延伸,激光外沿轨迹17的大小即是所钻的孔径。高出光纤 7端面的水雾管1端部的切角面保证了水雾15恰好覆盖激光辐照的区域,一方面对骨组织进行冷却,降低激光作用的热损伤,另一方面使喷出的水分子获得动能,以直接轰击骨组织,产生剥脱效应,同时,激光作用后产生的骨碎屑,也被冲出体外。
显然,本领域的技术人员可以对本发明的激光骨科钻孔装置进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样,倘若对本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内,则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (10)

1.一种激光骨科钻孔装置,包括固定件(3)上置有的连接激光器(12)的光纤(7),其特征在于:
所述固定件(3)上置有步进电机(4);
所述步进电机(4)经丝杠螺母付(5)与手柄(6)动配合连接;
所述丝杠螺母付(5)的螺母为步进电机(4)的转轴(51)、丝杠为一端与手柄(6)固定连接的空心轴丝杠(52);
所述空心轴丝杠(52)内置并联固定连接的水雾管(1)和光纤套管(2);
所述水雾管(1)的一端与水雾源(8)连通、另一端伸出空心轴丝杠(52),且伸出的端面为面向光纤套管(2)的与水雾管(1)轴向呈40-45°的切角面;
所述光纤(7)置于光纤套管(2)中,其一端与激光器(12)连接、另一端的端面与光纤套管(2)均短于水雾管(1)的切角面尖端1-2mm;
所述步进电机(4)经步进电机开关(11)与步进电机控制器(10)电连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的激光骨科钻孔装置,其特征是水雾管(1)和光纤套管(2)伸出空心轴丝杠(52)的管长均≥100mm。
3.根据权利要求2所述的激光骨科钻孔装置,其特征是水雾管(1)和光纤套管(2)的内径均为0.6-1.0mm。
4.根据权利要求3所述的激光骨科钻孔装置,其特征是光纤(7)的芯径为0.5-0.9mm。
5.根据权利要求4所述的激光骨科钻孔装置,其特征是光纤(7)的数值孔径为0.18-0.22。
6.根据权利要求1所述的激光骨科钻孔装置,其特征是激光器(12)为输出波长2um的铥激光器,或2.1um的钬激光器,或2.79um的铒激光器,或2.94um的铒激光器。
7.根据权利要求6所述的激光骨科钻孔装置,其特征是激光器(12)输出的脉宽为30-150us、频率为10-100Hz、单脉冲能量为100-600mJ。
8.根据权利要求7所述的激光骨科钻孔装置,其特征是激光器(12)输出的光斑直径为1-2mm。
9.根据权利要求1所述的激光骨科钻孔装置,其特征是水雾管(1)与水雾源(8)间串联连接有水雾开关(9)。
10.根据权利要求1所述的激光骨科钻孔装置,其特征是光纤(7)与激光器(12)间串联连接有激光开关(13)。
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Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113231751A (zh) * 2021-05-19 2021-08-10 北京航空航天大学杭州创新研究院 一种骨科手术用激光设备及使用方法
CN115252118A (zh) * 2022-08-03 2022-11-01 武汉零壹医疗科技有限公司 用于骨组织钻弯孔的激光缝合勾装置

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