CN111044943B - Multi-spectrum closed-loop locking method and system for CPT magnetometer - Google Patents
Multi-spectrum closed-loop locking method and system for CPT magnetometer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-spectrum closed-loop locking method and a multi-spectrum closed-loop locking system for a CPT magnetometer. The invention can obtain effective CPT transmission signals when the laser direction of the CPT magnetometer and the direction of the magnetic field to be measured are in any relative included angle, thereby avoiding the influence of the directional characteristic of the CPT effect on signal measurement. Compared with the CPT magnetometer tracked by a single transmission peak, the method can obtain larger error signal amplitude, thereby improving the sensitivity of magnetic field measurement and having extremely high engineering application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-precision microwave frequency control, and particularly relates to a multi-spectrum closed-loop locking method and system for a CPT magnetometer.
Background
The CPT magnetometer has wide application in the fields of geomagnetic exploration, ocean anti-latency, space magnetic detection and the like, and has the remarkable advantages of easy miniaturization, low power consumption, high precision and the like compared with other atomic magnetic force.
The CPT atomic magnetometer is used for measuring the magnetic field with high precision by taking the spectral characteristics generated by the transition interference frequency of specific atoms along with the change of the magnetic field as the calculation basis. Taking the resonance transition from the ground state to the excited state of a single group of atoms as an example, when two beams of coherent light with a specific frequency difference interact with the atoms, the frequencies of the two beams of laser light are respectively omega1And ω2When ω is1And ω2When the atoms respectively resonate with transition frequencies between the two ground states and the excited state of the atoms, the atoms are trapped on coherent superposition states of the energy levels of the two ground states, and at the moment, the atoms can not absorb photons any more. Because the resonance frequency is detuned due to the Zeeman splitting of the hyperfine energy level structure of the atom under the action of the magnetic field, the laser frequency is modulated by using a microwave signal, and the detuning can be eliminated. In the spectrum signal of microwave frequency corresponding to the light absorption intensity, the CPT transmission signal peak can be observed when the frequency is in resonance. The CPT magnetometer just takes the CPT emission signal peak as the control reference of the microwave signal, and realizes the high-precision magnetic field measurement by measuring the corresponding microwave frequency difference between the transmission signal peaks.
In the above scheme of the conventional CPT magnetometer using the interaction of the two coherent light fields and atoms, it can be observed from the light absorption spectrum that the CPT transmission peak changes with the change of the included angle between the external magnetic field and the laser light source direction of the magnetometer. When the magnetic field is parallel to the direction of the laser light source, a 0-level transmission peak corresponding to zero modulation frequency and +/-2-level transmission peaks at the left side and the right side of the transmission peak can be observed; when the magnetic field is vertical to the direction of the laser light source, a +/-1 level transmission peak and a +/-3 level transmission peak can be observed; when the included angle between the magnetic field and the direction of the laser light source is at other angles, the transmission peak of 0 order and the transmission peaks of +/-1, +/-2 and +/-3 orders which are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the transmission peak can be observed. From the above signal characteristics, it can be known that the solution has a dead zone, and under certain conditions, the control system is unlocked due to the attenuation of the tracking reference signal.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the method and the system aim at the directional attenuation characteristic of CPT transmission signals and provide a control method which can simultaneously generate a plurality of groups of microwave signals with specific frequency intervals, excite the resonance transition from a ground state to an excited state of a plurality of groups of atoms and lock the frequency of the microwave signals by using the generated transmission peaks as reference signals, thereby solving the problem that the reference signals need to be switched when the direction of a laser and the direction of a magnetic field are changed when a single group of transmission signal peaks are tracked in the traditional CPT magnetometer scheme.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a multi-spectral closed-loop locking method for a CPT magnetometer, the method comprising the steps of: the method comprises the following steps: the microwave source generates a microwave signal f of a single frequency0(ii) a Step two: the first DDS module generates a low frequency modulation signal fm0The second DDS module generates a sinusoidal signal f with a specific frequency intervalm1The third DDS module generates a sinusoidal signal f with a specific frequency intervalm2Using the low frequency modulation signal fm0To fm1And fm2Carrying out modulation; step three: modulating the sine signal fm1And a sinusoidal signal fm2Converted by D/A converter and then mixed with microwave signal f0Simultaneously, outputting a mixing output signal after inputting into the mixer; step four: injecting the mixed output signal directly into a VCSEL laser to obtain modulated laser light, wherein f is adjustedm1And fm2So that it simultaneously excites multiple sets of atomic ground state to excited state transition resonances; step five: injecting modulated laser into the laser cavity filled with alkali metal87In the Rb glass gas chamber, a photoelectric detector is used for detecting the change of the optical power of the glass gas chamber transmitting laser; step six: the voltage signal carrying light power change output by the photoelectric detector is input into an A/D converter to be converted into a number after passing through a filtering amplification circuitThe word signal obtains a light absorption spectrum line; step seven: modulating signal f output by the first DDS modulem0And the digital signal output by the A/D converter is subjected to phase-sensitive detection by a phase-sensitive detector to obtain a differential error signal of the currently detected CPT transmission peak; step eight: injecting the differential error signal of the CPT transmission peak into a PID controller; step nine: and the PID controller adjusts the differential error signal of the CPT transmission peak by using the measured magnetic field value, and when the CPT transmission peak heat-proof differential error signal is zero, the CPT transmission signal peak is in a locking state, and the output of the PID controller is the magnetic field value B to be measured.
In the multi-spectrum closed-loop locking method for the CPT magnetometer, in the step one, the frequency of the microwave signal is f0＝3417.344MHz。
In the multi-spectrum closed-loop locking method for the CPT magnetometer, in the step two, the sinusoidal signal fm1Is composed of
Or
Sinusoidal signal fm2Is fm2- γ B; wherein B is the value of the external magnetic field to be measured, and gamma is alkali metal87Gyromagnetic ratio of Rb.
In the multi-spectrum closed-loop locking method for the CPT magnetometer, in the third step, a group of frequencies of the mixing output signal is f0-γB、
f0+γB。
In the multi-spectrum closed-loop locking method for the CPT magnetometer, in the third step, a group of frequencies of the mixing output signal is f0-γB、
f0+γB。
In the multi-spectrum closed-loop locking method for the CPT magnetometer, in the sixth step, the conversion precision of the A/D converter is more than 12 bits.
A multi-spectral closed-loop locking system for a CPT magnetometer, comprising: the device comprises a microwave source, a first DDS module, a second DDS module, a third DDS module, a D/A converter, a frequency mixer, a VCSEL laser, a glass air chamber, a photoelectric detector, a filtering amplification circuit, an A/D converter, a phase sensitive detector and a PID controller; wherein the microwave source generates a microwave signal f of a single frequency0(ii) a The first DDS module generates a low frequency modulation signal fm0The second DDS module generates a sinusoidal signal f with a specific frequency intervalm1The third DDS module generates a sinusoidal signal f with a specific frequency intervalm2Using the low frequency modulation signal fm0To fm1And fm2Carrying out modulation; modulating the sine signal fm1And a sinusoidal signal fm2Converted by D/A converter and then mixed with microwave signal f0Simultaneously, outputting a mixing output signal after inputting into the mixer; injecting the mixed output signal directly into a VCSEL laser to obtain modulated laser light, wherein f is adjustedm1And fm2So that it simultaneously excites multiple sets of atomic ground state to excited state transition resonances; injecting modulated laser into the laser cavity filled with alkali metal87In the Rb glass gas chamber, a photoelectric detector is used for detecting the change of the optical power of the glass gas chamber transmitting laser; voltage signals carrying light power changes and output by the photoelectric detector are input into an A/D converter after passing through a filtering amplification circuit and are converted into digital signals to obtain light absorption spectral lines; modulating signal f output by the first DDS modulem0And the digital signal output by the A/D converter is subjected to phase-sensitive detection by a phase-sensitive detector to obtain a differential error signal of the currently detected CPT transmission peak; the PID controller receives a differential error signal of a CPT transmission peak; and the PID controller adjusts the differential error signal of the CPT transmission peak by using the measured magnetic field value, when the CPT transmission peak heat-proof differential error signal is zero, the CPT transmission signal peak is in a locking state, and the output of the PID controller is the magnetic field value B to be measured.
In the multi-spectrum closed-loop locking system for the CPT magnetometer, the frequency of the microwave signal is f0＝3417.344MHz。
The above mentioned magnetic force for CPTIn a multi-spectral closed-loop lock system of an instrument, the sinusoidal signal fm1Is composed of
Or
Sinusoidal signal fm2Is fm2- γ B; wherein B is the value of the external magnetic field to be measured, and gamma is alkali metal87Gyromagnetic ratio of Rb.
In the multi-spectrum closed-loop locking system for the CPT magnetometer, the mixed output signal has a group of frequencies f0-γB、
f0+ gamma B; or a set of frequencies f of the mixed output signal0-γB、
f0+γB。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention carries out multi-signal simultaneous frequency mixing on microwave signals, generates microwave signals with specific frequency intervals to modulate a laser, and simultaneously excites a plurality of groups of atomic resonance transitions by utilizing a multi-frequency optical field to obtain CPT transmission signals. Compared with the traditional scheme taking a single CPT transmission peak as a tracking reference, the scheme has the advantages that the amplitude of the CPT transmission signal is larger, the control system does not need to switch the reference signal, and the system lock losing caused by the attenuation of the target reference signal can be effectively avoided;
(2) the invention uses the signal processing method of phase-sensitive detection, utilizes the measured transmission signal to obtain the differential error signal thereof, the signal has higher signal-to-noise ratio and strong anti-interference capability, and the measurement precision of the magnetometer can be effectively improved;
(3) the invention always excites transition resonance of a plurality of groups of atomic ground states to excited states simultaneously, and can effectively eliminate magnetic field measurement errors caused by unstable microwave frequency by setting the frequency difference between microwave signals with different frequencies in the same group.
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Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a multi-spectral closed-loop locking system for a CPT magnetometer provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention
fm2Graph of microwave signal when γ B;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention
fm2Graph of microwave signal when γ B;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a transmission signal during multi-frequency simultaneous modulation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
The embodiment provides a multi-spectrum closed-loop locking method for a CPT magnetometer, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the microwave source generates a microwave signal f of a single frequency0；
Step two: the first DDS module generates a low frequency modulation signal fm0The second DDS module generates a sinusoidal signal f with a specific frequency intervalm1The third DDS module generates a sinusoidal signal f with a specific frequency intervalm2Using the low frequency modulation signal fm0To fm1And fm2Carrying out modulation;
step three: modulating the sine signal fm1And a sinusoidal signal fm2Converted by D/A converter and then mixed with microwave signal f0Simultaneously, outputting a mixing output signal after inputting into the mixer; FIG. 2 shows a sinusoidal signal fm1Is composed of
Time microwave signal diagram, FIG. 3 is
Microwave signal diagram of time.
Step four: injecting the mixed output signal directly into a VCSEL laser to obtain modulated laser light, wherein f is adjustedm1And fm2So that it simultaneously excites multiple sets of atomic ground state to excited state transition resonances;
step five: injecting modulated laser into the laser cavity filled with alkali metal87In the Rb glass gas chamber, a photoelectric detector is used for detecting the change of the optical power of the glass gas chamber transmitting laser;
step six: the voltage signal carrying the optical power variation output by the photodetector is input to the a/D converter after passing through the filtering and amplifying circuit and converted into a digital signal to obtain the optical absorption spectrum line, as shown in fig. 4. The conversion precision of the A/D converter is more than 12 bit;
step seven: modulating signal f output by the first DDS modulem0And the digital signal output by the A/D converter is subjected to phase-sensitive detection by a phase-sensitive detector to obtain a differential error signal of the currently detected CPT transmission peak;
step eight: injecting the differential error signal of the CPT transmission peak into a PID controller;
step nine: and the PID controller adjusts the differential error signal of the CPT transmission peak by using the measured magnetic field value, and when the CPT transmission peak heat-proof differential error signal is zero, the CPT transmission signal peak is in a locking state, and the output of the PID controller is the magnetic field value B to be measured.
In step one, the frequency of the microwave signal is f0＝3417.344MHz。
In step two, the sinusoidal signal fm1Is composed of
Or
Sinusoidal signal fm2Is fm2- γ B; wherein B is the value of the external magnetic field to be measured, and gamma is alkali metal87Gyromagnetic ratio of Rb.
In particular, the two sinusoidal signals have a frequency of
And fm2Or γ B or
And fm2Two frequencies, γ B, are combined.
In step three, the modulated sinusoidal signal f is transmittedm1And a sinusoidal signal fm2Converted by D/A converter and then mixed with microwave signal f0After being input into the mixer at the same time, a group of frequencies f is output0-γB，
(or
)，
(or
)，f0The mixed output signal of + γ B.
Sideband modulation is a method of directly modulating a laser using a microwave signal.
The laser modulation light field and the atom action obtain a light absorption spectrum line, a CPT transmission signal peak can be observed from the light absorption spectrum line, the light absorption phenomenon caused by the transition of a plurality of groups of atoms is reflected, and the amplitude of the light absorption spectrum line is larger than that of the transmission peak generated by the resonance of the transition of a single group of atoms.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment also provides a multi-spectral closed-loop locking system for a CPT magnetometer, comprising: the device comprises a microwave source, a first DDS module, a second DDS module, a third DDS module, a D/A converter, a frequency mixer, a VCSEL laser, a glass air chamber, a photoelectric detector, a filtering amplification circuit, an A/D converter, a phase sensitive detector and a PID controller; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the microwave source generates a microwave signal f of a single frequency0；
The first DDS module generates a low frequency modulation signal fm0The second DDS module generates a sinusoidal signal f with a specific frequency intervalm1The third DDS module generates a sinusoidal signal f with a specific frequency intervalm2Using the low frequency modulation signal fm0To fm1And fm2Carrying out modulation; modulating the sine signal fm1And a sinusoidal signal fm2Converted by D/A converter and then mixed with microwave signal f0Simultaneously, outputting a mixing output signal after inputting into the mixer; injecting the mixed output signal directly into a VCSEL laser to obtain modulated laser light, wherein f is adjustedm1And fm2So that it simultaneously excites multiple sets of atomic ground state to excited state transition resonances; injecting modulated laser into the laser cavity filled with alkali metal87In the Rb glass gas chamber, a photoelectric detector is used for detecting the change of the optical power of the glass gas chamber transmitting laser;
voltage signals carrying light power changes and output by the photoelectric detector are input into an A/D converter after passing through a filtering amplification circuit and are converted into digital signals to obtain light absorption spectral lines; modulating signal f output by the first DDS modulem0And the digital signal output by the A/D converter is subjected to phase-sensitive detection by a phase-sensitive detector to obtain a signalDifferential error signal of the previously detected CPT transmission peak;
the PID controller receives a differential error signal of a CPT transmission peak;
and the PID controller adjusts the differential error signal of the CPT transmission peak by using the measured magnetic field value, when the CPT transmission peak heat-proof differential error signal is zero, the CPT transmission signal peak is in a locking state, and the output of the PID controller is the magnetic field value B to be measured.
The invention carries out multi-signal simultaneous frequency mixing on microwave signals, generates microwave signals with specific frequency intervals to modulate a laser, and simultaneously excites a plurality of groups of atomic resonance transitions by utilizing a multi-frequency optical field to obtain CPT transmission signals. Compared with the traditional scheme taking a single CPT transmission peak as a tracking reference, the scheme has the advantages that the amplitude of the CPT transmission signal is larger, the control system does not need to switch the reference signal, and the system lock losing caused by the attenuation of the target reference signal can be effectively avoided.
The invention uses the signal processing method of phase-sensitive detection, utilizes the measured transmission signal to obtain the differential error signal of the transmission signal, has higher signal-to-noise ratio and strong anti-interference capability, and can effectively improve the measurement precision of the magnetometer.
The invention always excites transition resonance of a plurality of groups of atomic ground states to excited states simultaneously, and can effectively eliminate magnetic field measurement errors caused by unstable microwave frequency by setting the frequency difference between microwave signals with different frequencies in the same group.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make variations and modifications of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention by using the methods and technical contents disclosed above.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-spectral closed-loop locking method for a CPT magnetometer, the method comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: the microwave source generates a microwave signal f of a single frequency0；
Step two: the first DDS module generates a low frequency modulation signal fm0Using the low frequency modulation signal fm0Modulating a second DDS module to generate a sinusoidal signal f with a specific frequency intervalm1And using the low frequency modulation signal fm0Modulating a third DDS module to generate a sinusoidal signal f with a specific frequency intervalm2；
Step three: modulating the sine signal fm1And a sinusoidal signal fm2Converted by D/A converter and then mixed with microwave signal f0Simultaneously, outputting a mixing output signal after inputting into the mixer;
step four: directly injecting the mixing output signal into a VCSEL laser to obtain modulated laser;
step five: injecting modulated laser into the laser cavity filled with alkali metal87In the Rb glass gas chamber, a photoelectric detector is used for detecting the change of the optical power of the glass gas chamber transmitting laser;
step six: the voltage signal which is output by the photoelectric detector and carries the light power change is input into an A/D converter after passing through a filtering amplifying circuit and is converted into a digital signal to obtain a light absorption spectrum line;
step seven: modulating signal f output by the first DDS modulem0And the digital signal output by the A/D converter is subjected to phase-sensitive detection by a phase-sensitive detector to obtain a differential error signal of the currently detected CPT transmission peak;
step eight: injecting the differential error signal of the CPT transmission peak into a PID controller;
step nine: and the PID controller adjusts the differential error signal of the CPT transmission peak by using the measured magnetic field value, and when the differential error signal of the CPT transmission peak is zero, the CPT transmission peak is in a locking state, and the output of the PID controller is the magnetic field value B to be measured.
2. A multi-spectral closed-loop locking method for a CPT magnetometer according to claim 1, wherein: in step one, the frequency of the microwave signalIs f0＝3417.344MHz。
3. A multi-spectral closed-loop locking method for a CPT magnetometer according to claim 1, wherein: in step two, the sinusoidal signal fm1Is composed of
Or
Sinusoidal signal fm2Is fm2- γ B; wherein B is the value of the external magnetic field to be measured, and gamma is alkali metal87Gyromagnetic ratio of Rb.
4. A multi-spectral closed-loop locking method for a CPT magnetometer according to claim 3, wherein: in step three, the mixed output signal has a set frequency of f0-γB、
f0+γB。
5. A multi-spectral closed-loop locking method for a CPT magnetometer according to claim 3, wherein: in step three, the mixed output signal has a set frequency of f0-γB、
f0+γB。
6. A multi-spectral closed-loop locking method for a CPT magnetometer according to claim 3, wherein: in step six, the conversion accuracy of the A/D converter is more than 12 bits.
7. A multi-spectral closed-loop locking system for a CPT magnetometer, comprising: the device comprises a microwave source, a first DDS module, a second DDS module, a third DDS module, a D/A converter, a frequency mixer, a VCSEL laser, a glass air chamber, a photoelectric detector, a filtering amplification circuit, an A/D converter, a phase sensitive detector and a PID controller; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the microwave source generates a microwave signal f of a single frequency0；
The first DDS module generates a low frequency modulation signal fm0Using the low frequency modulation signal fm0Modulating a second DDS module to generate a sinusoidal signal f with a specific frequency intervalm1And using the low frequency modulation signal fm0Modulating a third DDS module to generate a sinusoidal signal f with a specific frequency intervalm2(ii) a Modulating the sine signal fm1And a sinusoidal signal fm2Converted by D/A converter and then mixed with microwave signal f0Simultaneously, outputting a mixing output signal after inputting into the mixer; injecting the mixed output signal directly into a VCSEL laser to obtain modulated laser light, wherein f is adjustedm1And fm2So that it simultaneously excites multiple sets of atomic ground state to excited state transition resonances; injecting modulated laser into the laser cavity filled with alkali metal87In the Rb glass gas chamber, a photoelectric detector is used for detecting the change of the optical power of the glass gas chamber transmitting laser;
voltage signals carrying light power changes and output by the photoelectric detector are input into an A/D converter after passing through a filtering amplification circuit and are converted into digital signals to obtain light absorption spectral lines; modulating signal f output by the first DDS modulem0And the digital signal output by the A/D converter is subjected to phase-sensitive detection by a phase-sensitive detector to obtain a differential error signal of the currently detected CPT transmission peak;
the PID controller receives a differential error signal of a CPT transmission peak;
and the PID controller adjusts the differential error signal of the CPT transmission peak by using the measured magnetic field value, and when the differential error signal of the CPT transmission peak is zero, the CPT transmission peak is in a locking state, and the output of the PID controller is the magnetic field value B to be measured.
8. The multi-spectral closed-loop locking system for a CPT magnetometer of claim 7, wherein: the frequency of the microwave signal being f0＝3417.344MHz。
9. The multi-spectral closed-loop locking system for a CPT magnetometer of claim 7, wherein: sinusoidal signal fm1Is composed of
Or
Sinusoidal signal fm2Is fm2- γ B; wherein B is the value of the external magnetic field to be measured, and gamma is alkali metal87Gyromagnetic ratio of Rb.
10. A multi-spectral closed-loop locking system for a CPT magnetometer of claim 9, wherein: a set of frequencies f of the mixed output signal0-γB、
f0+ gamma B; or a set of frequencies f of the mixed output signal0-γB、
f0+γB。
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