CN109286124B - Laser linewidth compression method and system - Google Patents
Laser linewidth compression method and system Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/10053—Phase control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/005—Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/10076—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating using optical phase conjugation, e.g. phase conjugate reflection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/501—Structural aspects
- H04B10/503—Laser transmitters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
- H04B10/5165—Carrier suppressed; Single sideband; Double sideband or vestigial
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
- H04B10/548—Phase or frequency modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/60—Receivers
- H04B10/61—Coherent receivers
- H04B10/616—Details of the electronic signal processing in coherent optical receivers
- H04B10/6165—Estimation of the phase of the received optical signal, phase error estimation or phase error correction
Abstract
A laser line width compression method and system, through superposing the instantaneous phase change with the same amplitude and opposite polarity of the original phase noise of the input laser on the radio frequency electrical signal which drives the optical frequency shift element, make the input laser pass the optical frequency shift element, offset the original phase noise by the instantaneous phase change, realize the phase noise suppression; aiming at the defect that the prior art is difficult to realize the rapid and accurate instantaneous phase tuning of the phase noise of a laser with the line width level of 10MHz to 100kHz, the invention realizes the high-precision and high-speed tuning of the laser beam phase, greatly improves the system performance and can enable the line width of the output laser to reach the kHz and Hz level.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a technology in the field of laser communication, in particular to a high-performance laser linewidth compression method and a high-performance laser linewidth compression system based on an optical frequency shifter and a digital radio frequency signal synthesizer.
Background
In various high-precision laser sensing systems and laser sensing technologies, the line width of a laser is an important factor for limiting the performance index of the system. In practical applications, a semiconductor laser is often selected as a laser light source in a system in consideration of factors such as cost, size, stability, technical maturity and the like. However, the direct output linewidth of most of the commercial semiconductor lasers at present is usually in the order of tens MHz to hundreds kHz, and cannot meet the requirements of some application scenarios with high requirements on sensing accuracy.
The search of the prior art shows that both chinese patent application nos. CN201510221740.2 and cn201510612438.x disclose a technology for tuning laser based on an acousto-optic frequency shifter, but the control loops thereof all involve a longer optical fiber path, the introduced delay is higher, and the tuning rate and tuning accuracy of the control system are not sufficient. The patent document CN201510221740.2 is used to compensate for phase fluctuation caused by disturbance of a long-distance optical fiber link, and the patent document cn201510612438.x needs to form a feedback loop and introduce a sideband, so that the system is complex and is not suitable for line width compression of a conventional commercial semiconductor laser.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defect that the prior art is difficult to realize the rapid and accurate instantaneous phase tuning of the phase noise of a laser with the line width level of 10MHz to 100kHz, the invention provides a laser line width compression method and a laser line width compression system, which realize the high-precision and high-speed tuning of the laser beam phase through a high-speed digital device and a control system, greatly improve the system performance and enable the output laser line width to reach the kHz and even Hz magnitude. Meanwhile, the method has simple structure and lower realization cost.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a laser line width compression method, which is characterized in that instantaneous phase change which has the same amplitude and opposite polarity with original phase noise of input laser is superposed on a radio-frequency electric signal for driving an optical frequency shift or phase shift element, so that when the input laser passes through the optical frequency shift element, the original phase noise is counteracted by the instantaneous phase change, and the phase noise suppression is realized.
The optical frequency or phase shift element includes, but is not limited to, an acousto-optic modulator or a single sideband optical modulator.
The original phase noise is acquired through light phase demodulation, specifically, the original phase noise is acquired through delaying input laser, then coherent demodulation is carried out, and photoelectric detection is carried out.
The instantaneous phase change is used for calculating phase noise generated by input laser before and after selective delay through a high-speed programmable digital logic device based on signals acquired by an analog-to-digital converter in real time and generating radio frequency signals containing real-time frequency deviation for controlling the optical frequency shift element.
The invention relates to a system for realizing the method, which comprises the following steps: the device comprises a light phase discrimination unit for acquiring light beams output by a laser light source and outputting analog electric signals corresponding to light phase changes, a digital control circuit unit for generating corresponding digital control signals according to the analog electric signals, a digital radio frequency signal synthesis unit for generating radio frequency electric signals of corresponding frequencies according to the digital control signals, and an optical frequency shift unit for performing frequency shift on the output light according to the radio frequency electric signals and outputting line width compressed light beams.
The laser light source is a single longitudinal mode/quasi-single longitudinal mode laser light source, and preferably adopts a laser with output linewidth less than 100MHz and continuous output, such as an external cavity type semiconductor laser (EC L), a distributed feedback type semiconductor laser (DFB L), a distributed Bragg reflection type semiconductor laser (DBR L), a fiber laser (F L) and the like.
The optical frequency shift unit is an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) or a single side band optical intensity modulator (SSB-IM).
The phase demodulation unit is based on a time delay double-beam interference principle, and is internally provided with an optical fiber coupler, a time delay optical fiber, a ninety-degree phase shift optical mixer and a balanced photoelectric detector; or built-in optical fiber coupler, delay optical fiber, 3 × 3 coupler and photoelectric detector.
The digital control circuit unit is internally provided with a high-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a high-speed programmable digital logic device (such as an FPGA), can run at a frequency higher than the output line width (taking the frequency as a unit) of the laser, carries out real-time pipelined data processing inside the digital control circuit unit, and calculates real-time laser phase noise from an electric signal acquired by the ADC. And calculating real-time frequency change due to the corresponding radio-frequency electric signal according to the phase noise, and outputting a corresponding control signal.
The digital rf signal synthesizing unit preferably uses a monolithic rf signal generator capable of receiving high-speed digital control and having an instantaneous output signal frequency capable of rapidly and arbitrarily changing with the control signal, such as an integrated circuit based on direct digital frequency synthesis (DDS) technology, and the response rate of the monolithic rf signal generator to the control signal should be greater than the line width (in frequency) of the laser output. Technical effects
Compared with the prior art, the phase control mode of the laser directly acts on the laser, belongs to indirect control, and in the invention, the control of the laser phase is realized by digital control of radio frequency electric signals, namely the phase of light waves is directly controlled. Therefore, the phase control precision is greatly improved, and the response rate is far higher than that of the traditional mode, so that the line width compression capability of the laser is greatly enhanced. In addition, in terms of flexibility, since the laser does not need to be controlled in the technology, the laser can still receive extra tuning while the line width compression is carried out by using the invention, for example, the semiconductor laser driving current is tuned to realize frequency sweep output, and finally, high-quality frequency sweep light beams with narrow line width and large frequency sweep range can be obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
in the figure: 1, a semiconductor laser, 2, an acousto-optic modulator, 3 a ninety-degree phase-shift optical mixer, 4 FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate arrays), 5 DDSs (direct digital synthesizers), 6 transmission fibers, 7 fiber couplers, 8 fiber couplers, 9 delay fibers, 10 balanced photodetectors, 11 high-speed analog-to-digital converters, 12 radio-frequency electrical signal amplifiers and 13 system output ends;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a laser phase noise spectrum measurement system and laser phase noise spectra before and after line width compression;
in the figure: a is a system block diagram for measuring the line width of the laser based on a time delay self-heterodyne method in a comparative example, and b is the line width directly output by the laser when not compressed; c is the 3dB line width of the output laser after the line width compression by the system shown in the embodiment.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the device for implementing laser line width compression according to the present embodiment includes: the device comprises a semiconductor laser 1, an acousto-optic modulator 2, a ninety-degree phase-shift optical mixer 3, an FPGA4, a DDS 5, a transmission fiber 6, a fiber coupler 7, a fiber coupler 8, a delay fiber 9, a balanced photodetector 10, a high-speed analog-to-digital converter 11 and a radio-frequency electric signal amplifier 12, wherein: light output by the semiconductor laser 1 is divided into two beams by the optical fiber coupler 7 and enters a light phase discrimination unit comprising an optical fiber M-Z delay interferometer and a balance photoelectric detector 10 respectively, the balance photoelectric detector 10 converts a light intensity signal into an electric signal to be output, the high-speed analog-to-digital converter 11 converts two paths of electric signals output by the balance photoelectric detector 10 into digital signals respectively, a difference value of phase noise before and after light wave delay is calculated by an FPGA4 based on a CORDIC algorithm with radian as a unit and is used as a real-time frequency deviation signal for controlling the DDS 5 after being inverted, a radio-frequency signal output by the DDS 5 is amplified by the radio-frequency signal amplifier 12 and then input into the acousto-optic modulator 2 as a driving signal, the other part of laser light after being divided by the optical fiber coupler 7 enters the acousto-optic modulator 2 after being transmitted by the optical fiber 6, and the acousto-optic modulator 2.
The output light center wavelength of the semiconductor laser 1 is 1550nm, the line width is about 1MHz, and the output light wave vector is ein ═ ej[2πft+φ(t)]Wherein: and f is 193.4THz, and phi (t) is an optical wave phase noise term.
The optical fiber M-Z time delay interferometer comprises a ninety-degree phase shift optical mixer 3, an optical fiber coupler 8 and a time delay optical fiber 9, wherein the length of the time delay optical fiber 9 is L-4.00M, the corresponding optical time delay is tau-19.6 ns, and the optical fiber M-Z time delay interferometer detects the time delay difference of optical wave phase noise, namely the time delay difference is detected by the optical fiber M-Z time delay interferometer
Wherein:
i.e. the differentiation of the phase noise phi (t) over time t.
The two electrical signal intensities output by the balanced photodetector 10 are x ═ a · cos (Δ Φ (t)), and y ═ a · sin (Δ Φ (t)), respectively.
The FPGA 3 is based on CORDIC algorithm, uses radian as unit, calculates delta phi (t) according to the signals x and y, and then calculates
Calculating to obtain a real-time frequency deviation signal Fd(t), and F (t) is0+Fd(t) as a real-time output frequency. Meanwhile, FPGA 3 generates corresponding frequency control word to control DDS 5 to output radio frequency signal with instantaneous frequency of F (t), wherein F0At 200MHz, the DDS internal sampling rate is 2.4 GHz.
The working frequency of the analog-to-digital converter 11, the FPGA 3 and the DDS4 (digital control end) is fclk50.0MHz, corresponding period Tclk＝1/fclk20.0 ns. Considering the discrete characteristic of the digital system, the real-time output frequency f (T) is only an integral multiple of the digital control period, i.e., T ═ k · TclkThe time is changed until the next control period, i.e. T ═ k +1 · TclkPreviously, it remained unchanged.
The center working frequency of the acousto-optic modulator 2 is FAOM＝F0200MHz, the acousto-optic modulator 2 is driven by a driving signal F (t) F0+Fd(t) will be superimposed on the input light wave in a frequency shifted manner, the light wave vector at the system output 13 being:
wherein: f and FoAre all constants, so the phase noise of the output light wave is: phi is aout(t)＝φ(t)+2π·Fd(t)·t。
Investigating the variation of the phase noise of the output light, i.e. t, during any one digital control period1＝k·TclkTime to t2＝(k+1)·TclkBetween moments of time phiout(t) is changed. During this time period, the phase noise of the output light wave
I.e. the phase noise of the output laser is cancelled by the applied reverse phase fluctuation in the rf drive signal. In the method, the phase change of the electric signal is accurately controlled to eliminate the realization principle of phase noise in the optical wave.
As shown in fig. 2a, the system is a time-delay self-heterodyne laser phase noise spectrum measuring system, which is used for measuring laser line width in a comparative example.
As shown in fig. 2b, the laser direct output linewidth is about 1MHz when uncompressed. As shown in fig. 2c, after the line width compression is performed by the system of this embodiment, the 3dB line width of the output laser is only 10kHz, which indicates that the line width compression performance of the laser is excellent.
The foregoing embodiments may be modified in many different ways by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (10)
1. A laser line width compression method is characterized in that instantaneous phase change which is the same as the amplitude of original phase noise of input laser and is opposite in polarity is superposed on a radio frequency electric signal for driving an optical frequency shift element, so that when the input laser passes through the optical frequency shift element, the original phase noise is counteracted through the instantaneous phase change, and phase noise suppression is realized;
original phase noise, gather through the light phase discrimination and obtain, specifically carry out the phase shift mixing and obtain through photoelectric detection after will inputing laser selectivity time delay, specifically do: the optical phase discrimination device comprises a semiconductor laser, a transmission optical fiber, a phase discrimination unit and a phase discrimination unit, wherein a part of laser output by the semiconductor laser after being split by the first optical fiber coupler enters the acousto-optic modulator after being transmitted by the transmission optical fiber, the other part of laser is split into two beams by a second optical fiber coupler and respectively enters the optical phase discrimination unit comprising an optical fiber M-Z delay interferometer and a balanced photoelectric detector, and the optical phase discrimination unit is internally provided with the optical fiber coupler, the delay optical fiber, a ninety-degree phase shift optical mixer and the balanced photoelectric detector based on; or an optical fiber coupler, a delay optical fiber, a 3 x 3 coupler and a photoelectric detector are arranged in the photoelectric conversion device, a balanced photoelectric detector converts a light intensity signal into an electric signal to be output, a high-speed analog-to-digital converter converts two paths of electric signals output by the balanced photoelectric detector into digital signals respectively, and an FPGA calculates the difference value of phase noise before and after optical wave delay by taking radian as a unit based on a CORDIC algorithm;
the instantaneous phase change is as follows: phase noise generated by input laser before and after selective delay is calculated through a high-speed programmable digital logic device based on a CORDIC algorithm, and the high-speed programmable digital logic device generates a radio frequency signal containing real-time frequency deviation for controlling an optical frequency shift element.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the optical frequency shifting element comprises an acousto-optic modulator or a single sideband optical modulator.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the difference in phase noise is: the difference in time delay of the phase noise of the light waves being effected by means of time-delay optical fibres, i.e.
Wherein:
i.e., the differential of the phase noise phi (t) over time t, and tau is the optical delay.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the radio frequency signal is obtained by phase-detecting two paths of electric signals with x-a-cos (Δ Φ (t)), y-a-SIN (Δ Φ (t)), a being the maximum intensity, then calculating Δ Φ (t) from x and y in radians based on CORDIC algorithm, and then calculating according to x and y
Calculating to obtain a real-time frequency deviation signal Fd(t), and F (t) is0+Fd(t) as the real-time output frequency, F0Is constant, and generates the corresponding frequency control word to control the output of the RF signal with the instantaneous frequency F (t).
5. A system for implementing the method of any preceding claim, comprising: the device comprises a light phase detection unit for acquiring a light beam output by a laser light source and outputting an analog electric signal corresponding to light phase change, a digital control circuit unit for generating a corresponding digital control signal according to the analog electric signal, a digital radio frequency signal synthesizer for generating a radio frequency electric signal with corresponding frequency according to the digital control signal, and a light frequency shift unit for shifting the frequency of the output light according to the radio frequency electric signal and outputting a line width compressed light beam.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the laser source is a single longitudinal mode or quasi-single longitudinal mode laser source, and the output linewidth of the laser source is less than 100MHz and is continuous output.
7. The system of claim 5, wherein the phase demodulation unit is based on the principle of delayed double-beam interference, and is internally provided with a fiber coupler, a delayed fiber, a ninety-degree phase-shifted optical mixer and a balanced photodetector; or built-in optical fiber coupler, delay optical fiber, 3 × 3 coupler and photoelectric detector.
8. The system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the digital control circuit unit is built with a high speed analog-to-digital converter and a high speed programmable digital logic device operating at a frequency higher than the output line width of the laser, and performs real-time pipelined data processing therein, calculates real-time laser phase noise from the electrical signal obtained from the high speed analog-to-digital converter, calculates real-time frequency change corresponding to the radio frequency electrical signal based on the phase noise, and outputs a corresponding control signal.
9. The system of claim 5, wherein said digital RF signal synthesizer is a monolithic RF signal generator that is digitally controlled at high speed and has an instantaneous output signal frequency that can be varied rapidly and arbitrarily with the control signal.
10. The system of claim 5, further comprising: semiconductor laser, acousto-optic modulator, ninety degree phase shift optical mixer, FPGA, direct digital frequency synthesizer, transmission fiber, first fiber coupler, second fiber coupler, time delay fiber, balanced photoelectric detector, high-speed analog-to-digital converter and radio frequency electric signal amplifier, wherein: a part of laser output by the semiconductor laser after being split by the first optical fiber coupler enters the acoustic optical modulator through transmission optical fiber, the other part of laser output by the semiconductor laser is split into two beams by the second optical fiber coupler and respectively enters an optical fiber M-Z time-delay interferometer consisting of a ninety-degree phase-shift optical mixer and a time-delay optical fiber and a light phase demodulation unit of a balanced photoelectric detector, the balanced photoelectric detector converts a light intensity signal into an electric signal for outputting, a high-speed analog-to-digital converter respectively converts two paths of electric signals output by the balanced photoelectric detector into digital signals, an FPGA calculates a difference value of phase noise before and after light time delay by taking radian as a unit based on a CORDIC algorithm and takes the difference value as a real-time frequency deviation signal to control a direct digital frequency synthesizer, a radio-frequency signal output by the direct digital frequency synthesizer is amplified by a radio-frequency signal amplifier and then is input into the acoustic optical, the other part of laser split by the optical fiber coupler enters the acousto-optic modulator through the transmission optical fiber, and the acousto-optic modulator superposes instantaneous phase change on the input light wave in a frequency shift mode through a driving signal.
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| CN110927448B (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-11-24 | 华中科技大学 | Silicon-based integrated microwave frequency measuring instrument |
| CN111780856B (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2022-03-29 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Optical fiber distributed vibration measurement method based on Rayleigh scattering spectrum phase spectrum analysis |
| CN113422649B (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2022-10-14 | 西北工业大学 | Microwave photon frequency doubling and shifting device and method |
| CN114459617A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-05-10 | 深圳新飞通光电子技术有限公司 | Laser phase noise measurement method and system |
| CN117073990B (en) * | 2023-10-16 | 2024-01-26 | 常州灵动芯光科技有限公司 | Linewidth testing system and method for narrow linewidth laser |
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Effective date of registration: 20211126 Address after: 201108 room 104, No. 20, Lane 388, Dudu Road, Minhang District, Shanghai Patentee after: He Zuyuan Address before: 200240 No. 800, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, Minhang District Patentee before: SHANGHAI JIAO TONG University |
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Effective date of registration: 20220808 Address after: 315500 No. 1, building 6, Qianren entrepreneurship Park, economic development zone, No. 98, Huiming Road, Fenghua District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province (self declaration) Patentee after: Ningbo Lianhe Photonics Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 201108 room 104, No. 20, Lane 388, Dudu Road, Minhang District, Shanghai Patentee before: He Zuyuan |
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