CN113422649B - Microwave photon frequency doubling and shifting device and method - Google Patents
Microwave photon frequency doubling and shifting device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113422649B CN113422649B CN202110596721.3A CN202110596721A CN113422649B CN 113422649 B CN113422649 B CN 113422649B CN 202110596721 A CN202110596721 A CN 202110596721A CN 113422649 B CN113422649 B CN 113422649B
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- H04B10/5165—Carrier suppressed; Single sideband; Double sideband or vestigial
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- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
- H04B10/548—Phase or frequency modulation
- H04B10/556—Digital modulation, e.g. differential phase shift keying [DPSK] or frequency shift keying [FSK]
- H04B10/5561—Digital phase modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
- H04B10/548—Phase or frequency modulation
- H04B10/556—Digital modulation, e.g. differential phase shift keying [DPSK] or frequency shift keying [FSK]
- H04B10/5563—Digital frequency modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
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Abstract
The invention provides a microwave photon frequency doubling and shifting device and a frequency shifting method.A laser output optical port is connected with an input optical port of a modulator, the output optical port of the modulator is connected with a common input port of a MZI, the MZI outputs two paths of light, one path of light enters an optical coupler together with the other path of light after passing through a PM, an optical signal output by the optical coupler is connected with an optical input port of a BPD, a signal to be shifted is connected with a radio frequency input port of the modulator, and a DDS output electric signal is connected with a radio frequency input port of the PM. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, large bandwidth, small stray distortion, cascade expansion and the like, can improve the working frequency range and the signal bandwidth, reduce the stray distortion of the signals after frequency shift, and has the advantage of anti-electromagnetic interference; the method can meet the requirement of radar target dynamic Doppler frequency shift simulation, has the advantages of expandable channel and capability of realizing multistage frequency shift accumulation, and has high conversion efficiency and small stray distortion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microwave photons and radars, in particular to a microwave photon frequency doubling and shifting device and a frequency shifting method.
Background
Microwave frequency shifters have been widely used in systems such as electronic countermeasure, multiple access communication, and radar measurement. In an electronic countermeasure system, a microwave frequency shifter may be used to apply false doppler shift information to radar signals, for example, shifting a radar signal at a 12GHz carrier frequency by 25kHz will output a false target signal at a speed of 312.5 m/s. In a frequency-controlled array radar system, in order to form an array beam with a certain frequency difference, a microwave frequency shifter is required to realize multi-channel frequency shift of radar signals.
The existing electronic system usually adopts a microwave I/Q mixer (i.e. a single-sideband frequency converter) to realize frequency shift of a microwave signal, but due to an electronic bottleneck, the microwave I/Q mixer has the problems of limited bandwidth, frequency dependence, stray distortion, electromagnetic interference and the like, and is difficult to realize frequency shift of a microwave signal with large bandwidth and low distortion.
In recent years, frequency shift methods based on microwave photon technology are reported at home and abroad, and the methods comprise optical fiber dispersion time-frequency mapping, acousto-optic modulation and microwave photon I/Q mixing. The Doppler frequency shift generated by the optical fiber dispersion time-frequency mapping method depends on the optical fiber dispersion value, so that the tuning performance is poor, and the requirement of radar target dynamic simulation is difficult to meet; the acousto-optic modulation method can only carry out single frequency shift, and is difficult to realize multiple frequency shifts; the microwave photon I/Q mixing efficiency is low, and the stray distortion is serious.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a microwave photon frequency doubling and shifting device and a frequency shifting method.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a microwave photon frequency doubling and shifting device comprises a laser, a Modulator, a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), a Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS), a Phase Modulator (PM), an optical coupler and a Balanced Photoelectric Detector (BPD), wherein an output optical port of the laser is connected with an input optical port of the Modulator, an output optical port of the Modulator is connected with a public input port of the MZI, the MZI outputs two paths of light, one path of light passes through the PM and enters the optical coupler together with the other path of light, an optical signal output by the optical coupler is connected with an optical input port of the BPD, a to-be-shifted frequency signal is connected with a radio frequency input port of the Modulator, and an output electric signal of the DDS is connected with a radio frequency input port of the PM.
The laser generates a single wavelength optical carrier wave, which enters the modulator at a carrier frequency f 0 The modulator outputs symmetrical upper and lower optical sidebands +/-kf 0 Wherein k represents the optical sideband order, the upper optical sideband and the lower optical sideband are separated by MZI, the upper optical sideband is coupled with the lower optical sideband after phase modulation generates optical shift frequency delta f in PM, and 2kf is obtained by photoelectric detection in BPD 0 The + Δ f signal not only achieves k-times multiplication of the modulated signal, but also shifts the signal by Δ f.
The invention also provides a frequency shifting method of the microwave photon frequency doubling and shifting device, which comprises the following specific steps:
the laser output optical signal is denoted as E c (t) the microwave signal input to the RF port of the modulator is represented as
f 0 Refers to the frequency of the input microwave signal,
referring to the initial phase of the input microwave signal, the upper and lower optical sideband signals output by the modulator are represented as:
E MZM ＝E c (t){J 1 (m)exp[j(2πkf 0 t)]-J 1 (m)exp[-j(2πkf 0 t)]}
wherein m = π V/V π Indicating the modulation index, V, of the microwave signal π Is the half-wave voltage of the modulator, J n (. Cndot.) is a Bessel function of order n, k being a positive integer;
the upper and lower optical sideband signals after passing through the MZI are respectively represented as:
sawtooth wave signal generated by DDS and upper sideband signal E 1 Phase modulation is performed, and the output optical signal is expressed as:
wherein
Is a frequency shift quantity, a frequency shift quantity and a frequency f of the sawtooth wave m Sum amplitude V DDS Half-wave voltage V of phase modulator π,PM Finally, the two signals are coupled through the BPD, and frequency-shifted signals after frequency multiplication are output:
by setting the frequency f of the sawtooth wave m Sum amplitude V DDS Change the frequency shift amount Δ f when
When the number is an integer n, accurate frequency shift nf is realized m If a sawtooth wave with a negative slope is used, a negative frequency shift is realized.
Furthermore, the working point of the modulator is changed, the order k of the upper and lower optical sidebands output by the modulator is 1,2 \8230, frequency doubling and frequency shifting of microwave signals with double frequency, quadruple frequency and even higher orders are finally realized, and the amplitude of the sidebands can be adjusted by changing the modulation index of the modulator.
Furthermore, the MZI is adopted in the present invention to implement dual-channel filtering, and practically, any Waveguide Grating (AWG), optical resonator, fiber Bragg Grating (FBG), and Wavelength Division Multiplexer (WDM) may be used instead of the MZI.
Furthermore, by cascading a plurality of phase modulators, the frequency shifts generated by each phase modulator are accumulated, and each phase modulator can generate a plurality of channels, frequency multiplication and frequency shift signals with frequency difference accumulated, namely, a first phase modulator generates a frequency shift Δ f, a second phase modulator generates a frequency shift 2 Δ f, and the like.
Furthermore, the frequency doubling function can be abandoned, the frequency shift of microwave signals without frequency doubling is realized, the device is the same as that in the figure 1, the modulator works at an orthogonal point, the modulator outputs an optical carrier and a positive-negative first-order optical sideband, the optical carrier and one of the optical sidebands (positive first-order or negative first-order) are separated through MZI, the optical carrier or the optical sidebands are modulated by a sawtooth wave phase, and frequency shift signals without frequency doubling can be obtained after beat frequency detection.
The invention has the beneficial effects that the microwave photon frequency doubling and shifting device and method have the advantages of simple structure, large bandwidth, small stray distortion, cascade expansion and the like. Compared with a microwave frequency shift method, the invention utilizes the advantages of photon technology to realize the frequency shift of broadband microwave signals in an optical domain, can improve the working frequency range and the signal bandwidth, reduces the stray distortion of the signals after frequency shift, and has the advantage of anti-electromagnetic interference; compared with the optical fiber dispersion time-frequency mapping method reported in recent years, the method avoids frequency dependence, has good frequency tunability, and can meet the requirement of radar target dynamic Doppler frequency shift simulation; compared with the acousto-optic modulation method, the invention has the advantages of expandable channel and capability of realizing multistage frequency shift accumulation; compared with the microwave photon I/Q frequency mixing method, the invention has high conversion efficiency and small stray distortion. Therefore, the invention has wide application prospect in radar target Doppler frequency shift simulation, radar parameter measurement, electronic countermeasure, multi-address communication and other electronic systems.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a microwave photon frequency doubling and shifting apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a double sideband signal output by the modulator;
FIG. 3 shows two signals output from the MZI: FIG. 3 (a) is an upper sideband signal; FIG. 3 (b) is a lower sideband signal;
FIG. 4 is an optical signal output by a phase modulator;
fig. 5 shows the frequency-multiplied and frequency-shifted signals output by the PD: FIG. 5 (a) is a single channel frequency multiplied and shifted signal; FIG. 5 (b) shows a multi-channel frequency multiplied and shifted signal.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments:
in this embodiment, the apparatus includes: the device comprises a laser, a modulator, a dual-channel filter, a DDS, a PM, a BPD, a microwave signal source and a spectrum analyzer. The output optical port of the laser is connected with the input optical port of the modulator; the optical signal output by the modulator is divided into two paths by a dual-channel filter, one path is subjected to sawtooth phase modulation frequency shift and then is coupled with the other path to enter a BPD; the electrical output end of the BPD is connected with the spectrum analyzer; the microwave signal source is connected with the radio frequency port of the modulator, and the DDS output port is connected with the radio frequency port of the PM.
In the embodiment, the method comprises the following specific implementation steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the laser generates single carrier laser with power of 40 mW; the microwave signal source generates a sinusoidal signal with the frequency of 4GHz and the power of 5 dBm; the half-wave voltage of the modulator is 7V, the insertion loss is 6dB, and the extinction ratio is 35dB; the rejection ratio of the dual-channel filter is 40dB; the BPD responsiveness is 1A/W; the repetition frequency of the sawtooth wave generated by the DDS is 500MHz, and the amplitude is 2V.
Step two: the modulator dc bias is set to 7V so that the modulator operates at a minimum point to produce a double sideband signal that suppresses the carrier, as shown in fig. 2.
Step three: the signal output by the modulator is filtered in two channels, and two optical signals are output, wherein one optical signal includes an upper sideband, and the frequency spectrum is shown in fig. 3 (a), and the other optical signal includes a lower sideband, and the frequency spectrum is shown in fig. 3 (b).
Step four: the upper sideband enters the PM, is modulated by the sawtooth to achieve an optical shift frequency of 500MHz, as shown in figure 4, and is then coupled to the lower sideband and input to the BPD.
Step five: the electrical signal output by the BPD enters a spectrum analyzer to obtain a microwave signal with a frequency of 8.5GHz, as shown in fig. 5 (a), thereby realizing frequency doubling and 500MHz frequency shift of the 4GHz microwave signal.
Step six: by cascading a plurality of PMs, each PM is modulated by a sawtooth wave of 500MHz, a series of multi-channel frequency shift signals can be finally obtained: 8GHz, 8.5GHz, 9GHz, 9.5GHz, 10GHz, etc., as shown in FIG. 5 (b).
In summary, the microwave photon frequency doubling and shifting device and method of the invention have the advantages of simple structure, easy realization, large working bandwidth, small stray distortion, high tunability and cascade expansion.
In conclusion, the above-described embodiments are only examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many equivalent variations and substitutions can be made on the disclosure of the present invention, and the laser wavelength and power, microwave signal format, frequency and power, amplitude, frequency and slope of sawtooth wave, half-wave voltage of PM, etc. can be changed. Such equivalent modifications and substitutions, as well as adjustments of the frequency ranges, should also be considered as the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a microwave photon frequency doubling and frequency shift device, includes laser instrument, modulator, mascot interferometer, direct digital synthesizer, phase modulator, optical coupler and balanced photoelectric detector which characterized in that:
in the microwave photon frequency doubling and shifting device, an output optical port of a laser is connected with an input optical port of a modulator, the output optical port of the modulator is connected with a common input port of a sigma-delta interferometer, the sigma-delta interferometer outputs two paths of light, one path of light passes through a phase modulator and then enters an optical coupler together with the other path of light, an optical signal output by the optical coupler is connected with optical input ports of the optical coupler and a balanced photoelectric detector, a signal to be shifted is connected with a radio frequency input port of the modulator, and a direct digital synthesizer outputs an electrical signal to be connected with the radio frequency input port of the phase modulator;
the laser generates a single wavelength optical carrier wave, which enters the modulator at a carrier frequency f 0 The modulator outputs symmetrical upper and lower optical sidebands +/-kf 0 Wherein k represents the optical sideband order, and a magnonic interferometer is used for up-down lightSeparating the side bands, coupling the upper side band with the lower side band after the upper side band generates optical shift frequency deltaf through phase modulation in the phase modulator, and performing photoelectric detection in the optical coupler and the balanced photoelectric detector to obtain 2kf 0 The signal of +. DELTA.f not only realizes k-times multiplication of the modulation signal, but also shifts the frequency of the signal by. DELTA.f.
2. The microwave photonic frequency doubling and shifting device of claim 1, wherein:
the double-channel filtering is realized by adopting any waveguide grating, an optical resonant cavity, a fiber Bragg grating and a wavelength division multiplexer to replace an incremental interferometer.
3. A frequency shifting method using the microwave photonic frequency doubling and shifting device of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
the laser output light signal is denoted as E c (t), the microwave signal input to the RF port of the modulator is represented as
f 0 Refers to the frequency of the input microwave signal,
referring to the initial phase of the input microwave signal, the upper and lower optical sideband signals output by the modulator are expressed as:
E MZM ＝E c (t){J 1 (m)exp[j(2πkf 0 t)]-J 1 (m)exp[-j(2πkf 0 t)]}
wherein m = π V/V π Representing the modulation index, V, of the microwave signal π Is the half-wave voltage of the modulator, J n (. Cndot.) is a Bessel function of order n, k being a positive integer;
the upper and lower optical sideband signals after passing through the mach-zender interferometer are respectively represented as:
sawtooth wave signal generated by direct digital synthesizer and upper sideband signal E 1 Phase modulation is performed, and the output optical signal is expressed as:
wherein
Is a frequency shift quantity, a frequency shift quantity and a frequency f of the sawtooth wave m Sum amplitude V DDS Half-wave voltage V of phase modulator π,PM Finally, the two signals are coupled through the optical coupler and the balanced photoelectric detector, and frequency-shifted signals after frequency multiplication are output:
by setting the frequency f of the sawtooth wave m Sum amplitude V DDS Change the frequency shift quantity Δ f when
When the number is an integer n, accurate frequency shift nf is realized m If a sawtooth wave with a negative slope is used, a negative frequency shift is realized.
4. The frequency shifting method of the microwave photonic frequency doubling and shifting device according to claim 3, wherein:
the working point of the modulator is changed, the upper and lower optical sideband orders k output by the modulator are 1,2 \8230, the frequency doubling and frequency shifting of microwave signals with double frequency, quadruple frequency and even higher orders are finally realized, and the amplitude of the sideband can be adjusted by changing the modulation index of the modulator.
5. The frequency shifting method of the microwave photonic frequency doubling and shifting device according to claim 3, wherein:
by cascading a plurality of phase modulators, the frequency shifts generated by each phase modulator accumulate, and each phase modulator can generate a plurality of channels, frequency multiplication and frequency shift signals with frequency difference capable of accumulating, namely, a first phase modulator generates a frequency shift Δ f, a second phase modulator generates a frequency shift 2 Δ f, and the like.
6. The frequency shifting method of the microwave photonic frequency doubling and shifting device according to claim 3, wherein:
the frequency doubling function is abandoned, the frequency shifting without frequency doubling of the microwave signals is realized, the modulator works at an orthogonal point, the modulator outputs an optical carrier and a positive-negative first-order optical sideband, the optical carrier and one of the optical sidebands are separated through a sigma-delta interferometer, the optical carrier or the optical sidebands are subjected to sawtooth phase modulation, and the frequency shifting signal without frequency doubling can be obtained after beat frequency detection.
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