CN111019730A - Multilayer-structure composite biomass granular fuel with stable heat release and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Multilayer-structure composite biomass granular fuel with stable heat release and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN111019730A
CN111019730A CN201911261854.4A CN201911261854A CN111019730A CN 111019730 A CN111019730 A CN 111019730A CN 201911261854 A CN201911261854 A CN 201911261854A CN 111019730 A CN111019730 A CN 111019730A
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temperature
flue gas
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temperature flue
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CN111019730B (en
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陈义龙
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Gushi Longhair New Energy Technology Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • C10L5/442—Wood or forestry waste
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/42—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on animal substances or products obtained therefrom, e.g. manure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • C10L5/445—Agricultural waste, e.g. corn crops, grass clippings, nut shells or oil pressing residues
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

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  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention provides a multilayer structure composite biomass granular fuel with stable heat release and a preparation method thereof, wherein the granular fuel comprises: an inner core, a control layer and a shell layer; wherein, the inner core comprises basic fuel and bentonite; the control layer comprises animal bone meal, fermented, decomposed and dried rapeseed cakes and fly ash; the control layer is of a porous structure; the shell layer comprises basic fuel, animal bone powder, bentonite and lime powder; the basic fuel comprises more than two of wheat straw, wood chips, corncobs, peanut shells, rice straws, rice husks, oil tea shells and cottonseed shells. According to the invention, animal bone meal, bentonite, fermented biomass, fly ash, lime powder and the like are added into the basic fuel, and the product structure is controlled, so that the control of the combustion process of the biomass fuel is realized, the obtained multilayer structure composite biomass granular fuel is slow in combustion and stable in heat release, and the application range of the product is greatly increased.

Description

Multilayer-structure composite biomass granular fuel with stable heat release and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biofuels, in particular to a multilayer-structure composite biomass granular fuel with stable heat release and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Biomass fuel: the biomass material is burnt to be used as fuel, and is mainly agricultural and forestry waste (such as straw, sawdust, bagasse, rice chaff and the like). Mainly distinguished from fossil fuels. In the current national policy and environmental protection standard, the direct combustion biomass belongs to a high-pollution fuel, is only used in a rural large stove and is not allowed to be used in a city. The application of biomass fuel, which is actually mainly biomass briquette fuel, is a novel clean fuel which is prepared by taking agricultural and forestry wastes as raw materials and preparing the raw materials into various briquettes, granules and the like through the processes of crushing, mixing, extruding, drying and the like and can be directly combusted. The biomass fuel has low ignition point of raw materials and high purity, so the combustion efficiency is generally high, but the combustion speed is high, a large amount of heat can be released in a short time, for most users, the normal use of the biomass fuel cannot be influenced, however, for users engaged in the fine processing industry, stable and continuous heat source output is often needed, the rapid release of a large amount of heat in a short time can cause the rapid rise of the production temperature, the normal operation of the production process is seriously influenced, the quality of products is reduced, and production equipment and facilities can be seriously damaged. Moreover, because the combustion speed is high, the corresponding combustion duration time is shortened, and when the production process consumes a long time, the requirement of adding or replacing fuel in the midway is met, so that higher requirements are put forward on actual production conditions, and the technical difficulty and the operation cost are increased. The above-mentioned characteristics of biomass fuels have largely limited the range of applications, resulting in difficulties for many finishing enterprises to use as primary production fuels.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a multilayer-structure composite biomass granular fuel with stable heat release and a preparation method thereof, which are used for solving the problems of high combustion speed and unstable heat release caused by a combustion time period of the traditional biomass fuel.
First, the present invention provides a composite biomass pellet fuel having a stable heat release multi-layer structure, comprising: an inner core 1, a control layer 2 and a shell layer 3;
wherein the inner core comprises a basic fuel and bentonite;
the control layer comprises animal bone meal, fermented, decomposed and dried rapeseed cakes and fly ash; the control layer is of a porous structure;
the shell layer comprises basic fuel, animal bone powder, bentonite and lime powder;
the basic fuel comprises more than two of wheat straw, wood chips, corncobs, peanut shells, rice straws, rice husks, oil tea shells and cottonseed shells.
Preferably, in the composite biomass granular fuel, the inner core is 5-10 parts, the control layer is 3-5 parts, and the shell layer is 4-7 parts by mass.
Preferably, in the composite biomass granular fuel, the thickness of the control layer is 0.3-0.7d and the thickness of the shell layer is 0.5-1.0d, wherein the grain diameter of the inner core is d according to the thickness of each layer.
Preferably, in the inner core, the mass ratio of the base fuel to the bentonite is as follows: (2-9):(0.5-2).
Preferably, in the control layer, the mass ratio of the animal bone meal, the fermented, decomposed and dried rapeseed cake and the fly ash is as follows: (5-10):(1-4):(0.5-1.5).
Preferably, in the shell layer, the mass ratio of the basic fuel, the animal bone meal, the bentonite and the lime powder is as follows: (5-9):(1-2):(0.5-1):(1-2).
The invention also provides a preparation method of the multilayer structure composite biomass granular fuel with stable heat release, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) respectively crushing and mixing the raw materials in the inner core, the control layer and the shell layer according to the requirements, and respectively preparing an inner core mixed material, a control layer mixed material and a shell layer mixed material;
(2) pressing the inner core mixed material into granules to form an inner core;
(3) adding water into the mixed material of the control layer, uniformly mixing, spraying the mixed material on the surface of the inner core, and drying to form the control layer;
(4) and adding water into the shell layer mixed material, uniformly mixing, spraying the mixture to the surface of the control layer, and drying to form the multilayer structure composite biomass granular fuel.
Preferably, the preparation method of the animal bone powder required in the step (1) comprises the following steps: removing foreign substances on the surface layer of animal bones, mashing, placing in a tube furnace, treating at 800-; in the step (1), the raw materials are crushed into particles with the particle size of 0.5-5 mm; the animal bone is pig bone, cattle bone, fish bone, or sheep bone.
Preferably, the drying in step (3) is high temperature drying, and the drying temperature is 800-.
Preferably, the drying in step (4) is medium-temperature drying, and the drying temperature is 500-700 ℃.
In the drying stage (step (3) and step (4)), the composite biomass granular fuel is dried by using high-temperature or medium-temperature flue gas, and because the temperature of the outer layer of the composite biomass granular fuel is lower than that of the flue gas, heat is transferred from the flue gas to the surface of the composite biomass granular fuel layer.
One part of the heat is used for providing energy for converting water from a liquid state to a gas state, and the other part is used for heating the composite biomass particle fuel.
If a unit of particulate fuel is targeted, the drying process should satisfy the energy conservation per unit time. From the aspects of energy demand and supply:
in terms of energy requirements, to dry the particulate fuel, it absorbs energy from the high or medium temperature flue gas.
The total energy of the particle fuel outer layer and the smoke exchange is divided into three parts:
1. heat transfer by convection heat exchange of high-temperature or medium-temperature flue gas to outer layer of granular fuel
2. The radiation heat transmission of the high-temperature or medium-temperature flue gas to the particles is carried out;
3. the dry moisture vapor loses some of its heat.
The relationship between them is as follows:
7) energy w of convection heat transfer modeconExpressed as:
wcon＝h*(Hgas-Hgrain)*Sgrain(1)
wherein h is a convective heat transfer coefficient and can be obtained by system measurement; hgasThe temperature is high temperature or medium temperature flue gas temperature; hgrainIs the particulate fuel temperature; sgrainIs the area of convective heat transfer on the surface of the granular fuel.
8) The high or medium temperature radiant heat delivery is expressed as:
Figure BDA0002311800430000041
wherein α is the heat transfer coefficient of radiation.
9) Loss of water and steam heat
In addition, in the drying process, part of water in the granular fuel is evaporated into high-temperature or medium-temperature flue gas through the outer layer surface of the granular fuel, and the energy wsteamWill enter the flue gas.
wsteam＝-Msteam*(Hgrain*Cwater+(Hgas-Hgrain)*Csteam+kh) (3)
Wherein M issteamIs the mass of water evaporated from the particulate fuel to the high or medium temperature flue gas per unit time. CwaterIs the specific heat of moisture at the current temperature. CsteamIs the specific heat of the water vapor at the current temperature; k is a radical ofhIs the latent heat of vaporization of water at this temperature.
Thus, the energy W obtained by the particulate fuel from the high or medium temperature flue gasgrainIs composed of
Wgrain＝wcon+wrad-wsteam(4)
In addition, the whole drying process, high-temperature or medium-temperature flue gas as an energy provider loses the total energy WallComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002311800430000051
wherein M isgasThe mass of high-temperature or medium-temperature flue gas in unit time; cp-gasThe specific heat of the high-temperature or medium-temperature flue gas at the current temperature; y isw-gasThe water content of the high-temperature or medium-temperature flue gas at the moment.
Figure BDA0002311800430000052
Temperature change of high or medium temperature flue gas per unit time。
Thus, from the energy conservation equation, the energy demand is equal to the supply. I.e. the energy supply of the high-temperature or medium-temperature flue gas is equal to the energy W obtained by the granular fuelgrainHeat loss W of transfer with ambientlossAnd (4) summing.
The following relationships are provided:
Wall＝Wgrain+Wloss(6)
Wall＝wcon+wrad-wsteam+Wloss(7)
wherein heat loss WlossIs constant and is determined by the drying equipment.
The temperature of the high-temperature or medium-temperature flue gas with the most stable heat release can be obtained in real time through the formulas (1) to (7), and then the flue gas is controlled to reach the obtained temperature.
Advantageous effects
According to the invention, animal bone meal, bentonite, fermented biomass, fly ash, lime powder and other non-fuel substances are added into the basic fuel, and the product structure is controlled, so that the control of the combustion process of the biomass fuel is realized.
In the preparation process of the multilayer structure composite biological particle fuel, the temperature of the dry flue gas between layers is strictly controlled according to energy conservation, so that the structure of the obtained multilayer structure composite biological particle fuel is more stable, the aims of slow combustion and stable heat release are finally realized, and the application range of the product is greatly enlarged.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the structure or process particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multilayer structure composite biomass particle fuel with stable heat release prepared by the invention, wherein 1 is an inner core, 2 is a control layer, and 3 is a shell layer;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a multilayer structure of the composite biomass particle fuel with a stable heat release multilayer structure prepared by the invention, wherein 1 is an inner core, 2 is a control layer, and 3 is a shell layer.
In the drawings: the shape of the inner core, the shape of the control layer and the shape of the shell layer are all not fixed, the inner core can be a regular geometric body such as a sphere, a cylinder and the like, and can also be an irregular structure, the control layer is a layered structure sprayed on the inner core and can be an uneven layered structure, and the shell layer is a layered structure sprayed on the control layer and can be an uneven layered structure.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
Preparation example 1 preparation of animal bone powder:
removing foreign substances on the surface layer of pig bone, mashing, placing in a tube furnace, treating at 800-.
Preparation example 2 preparation of base fuel:
base fuel A: pulverizing wheat straw and rice straw (dry) into particles with particle diameter of 0.5-5mm, and mixing at a mass ratio of 1: 1;
base fuel B: the wood chips, the corncobs, the peanut shells, the rice hulls and the oil tea shells are crushed into particles with the particle size of 0.5-5mm and are uniformly mixed according to equal mass proportion to obtain the corn-peanut shell.
Preparation example 3 preparation of other starting materials:
coconut shell powder, bentonite, fermented, decomposed and dried rapeseed cakes and fly ash are respectively prepared into particles with the particle size of 0.5-5mm for later use.
Example 1 preparation of an exothermically stable, multilayer structure composite biomass pellet fuel:
the multilayer structure composite biomass granular fuel is prepared according to the structure shown in the structural schematic diagrams in fig. 1 and fig. 2, and comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the raw materials in the inner core, the control layer and the shell layer according to a required proportion to respectively prepare an inner core mixed material, a control layer mixed material and a shell layer mixed material;
(2) pressing the inner core mixed material (after adding 8 wt% of water and uniformly mixing) into granules to form an inner core;
(3) adding water into the mixed material of the control layer, uniformly mixing (adding 25 wt% of water), spraying the mixed material on the surface of the inner core, and drying to form the control layer;
(4) and adding water into the shell layer mixed material, uniformly mixing (adding 25 wt% of water), spraying the mixture to the surface of the control layer, and drying to form the multilayer structure composite biomass granular fuel.
The drying is carried out for 48h at 100 ℃.
In the inner core, the mass ratio of the basic fuel A to the bentonite is as follows: 9:1.
In the control layer, the mass ratio of the animal bone meal, the fermented, decomposed and dried rapeseed cakes to the fly ash is as follows: 10:3:1.
In the shell layer, the mass ratio of the basic fuel, the animal bone meal, the bentonite and the lime powder is as follows: 9:2:1:2.
According to the mass parts of each layer, the inner core is 10 parts, the control layer is 3 parts, and the shell layer is 7 parts.
And according to the thickness of each layer, if the particle size of the inner core is d, the thickness of the control layer is 0.3d, and the thickness of the shell layer is 0.8d (the control layer and the shell layer are not in a completely uniform structure).
Example 2 preparation of an exothermically stable, multilayer structure composite biomass pellet fuel:
the multilayer structure composite biomass granular fuel is prepared according to the structure shown in the structural schematic diagrams in fig. 1 and fig. 2, and comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the raw materials in the inner core, the control layer and the shell layer according to a required proportion to respectively prepare an inner core mixed material, a control layer mixed material and a shell layer mixed material;
(2) pressing the inner core mixed material (after adding 8 wt% of water and uniformly mixing) into granules to form an inner core;
(3) adding water into the mixed material of the control layer, uniformly mixing (adding 25 wt% of water), spraying the mixed material on the surface of the inner core, and drying to form the control layer;
(4) and adding water into the shell layer mixed material, uniformly mixing (adding 25 wt% of water), spraying the mixture to the surface of the control layer, and drying to form the multilayer structure composite biomass granular fuel.
The drying is carried out for 48h at 100 ℃.
In the inner core, the mass ratio of the basic fuel B to the bentonite is as follows: 9:1.
In the control layer, the mass ratio of the animal bone meal, the fermented, decomposed and dried rapeseed cakes to the fly ash is as follows: 10:3:1.
In the shell layer, the mass ratio of the basic fuel, the animal bone meal, the bentonite and the lime powder is as follows: 9:2:1:2.
According to the mass parts of each layer, the inner core is 10 parts, the control layer is 3 parts, and the shell layer is 7 parts.
And according to the thickness of each layer, if the particle size of the inner core is d, the thickness of the control layer is 0.3d, and the thickness of the shell layer is 0.8d (the control layer and the shell layer are not in a completely uniform structure).
Example 3 preparation of an exothermically stable, multilayer structure composite biomass pellet fuel:
the multilayer structure composite biomass granular fuel is prepared according to the structure shown in the structural schematic diagrams in fig. 1 and fig. 2, and comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the raw materials in the inner core, the control layer and the shell layer according to a required proportion to respectively prepare an inner core mixed material, a control layer mixed material and a shell layer mixed material;
(2) pressing the inner core mixed material (after adding 8 wt% of water and uniformly mixing) into granules to form an inner core;
(3) adding water into the mixed material of the control layer, uniformly mixing (adding 25 wt% of water), spraying the mixed material on the surface of the inner core, and drying to form the control layer;
(4) and adding water into the shell layer mixed material, uniformly mixing (adding 25 wt% of water), spraying the mixture to the surface of the control layer, and drying to form the multilayer structure composite biomass granular fuel.
The drying is carried out for 72h at 100 ℃.
In the inner core, the mass ratio of the basic fuel A to the bentonite is as follows: 2:1.
In the control layer, the mass ratio of the animal bone meal, the fermented, decomposed and dried rapeseed cakes to the fly ash is as follows: 5:4:1.5.
In the shell layer, the mass ratio of the basic fuel, the animal bone meal, the bentonite and the lime powder is as follows: 5:2:0.5:1.
The inner core is 5 parts, the control layer is 5 parts, and the shell layer is 4 parts according to the mass parts of each layer.
And according to the thickness of each layer, if the particle size of the inner core is d, the thickness of the control layer is 0.7d, and the thickness of the shell layer is 0.5d (the control layer and the shell layer are not in a completely uniform structure).
Example 4 preparation of an exothermically stable, multilayer structure composite biomass pellet fuel:
the multilayer structure composite biomass granular fuel is prepared according to the structure shown in the structural schematic diagrams in fig. 1 and fig. 2, and comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the raw materials in the inner core, the control layer and the shell layer according to a required proportion to respectively prepare an inner core mixed material, a control layer mixed material and a shell layer mixed material;
(2) pressing the inner core mixed material (after adding 8 wt% of water and uniformly mixing) into granules to form an inner core;
(3) adding water into the mixed material of the control layer, uniformly mixing (adding 25 wt% of water), spraying the mixed material on the surface of the inner core, and drying to form the control layer;
(4) and adding water into the shell layer mixed material, uniformly mixing (adding 25 wt% of water), spraying the mixture to the surface of the control layer, and drying to form the multilayer structure composite biomass granular fuel.
The drying is carried out for 72h at 100 ℃.
In the inner core, the mass ratio of the basic fuel B to the bentonite is as follows: 2:1.
In the control layer, the mass ratio of the animal bone meal, the fermented, decomposed and dried rapeseed cakes to the fly ash is as follows: 5:4:1.5.
In the shell layer, the mass ratio of the basic fuel, the animal bone meal, the bentonite and the lime powder is as follows: 5:2:0.5:1.
The inner core is 5 parts, the control layer is 5 parts, and the shell layer is 4 parts according to the mass parts of each layer.
And according to the thickness of each layer, if the particle size of the inner core is d, the thickness of the control layer is 0.7d, and the thickness of the shell layer is 0.5d (the control layer and the shell layer are not in a completely uniform structure).
Because the control layer mixed material and the shell layer mixed material of the composite biomass granular fuel have different components, the specific heat (the specific coefficient is measured by experiments) is different. In order to ensure that the final granular fuel achieves the purpose of stable heat release, the temperature of the dried high-temperature flue gas is strictly controlled in the drying process of different layers.
Through repeated experimental calculation, the drying temperature of the high-temperature smoke for controlling the layer mixing is most suitably controlled at 800-1200 ℃.
The drying temperature of the medium-temperature smoke of the shell layer mixed material is controlled to be most suitable at 500-700 ℃.
Example 5 preparation of an exothermically stable, multilayer structure composite biomass pellet fuel:
the multilayer structure composite biomass granular fuel is prepared according to the structure shown in the structural schematic diagrams in fig. 1 and fig. 2, and comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the raw materials in the inner core, the control layer and the shell layer according to a required proportion to respectively prepare an inner core mixed material, a control layer mixed material and a shell layer mixed material;
(2) pressing the inner core mixed material (after adding 8 wt% of water and uniformly mixing) into granules to form an inner core;
(3) adding water into the mixed material of the control layer, uniformly mixing (adding 25 wt% of water), spraying the mixed material on the surface of the inner core, and drying to form the control layer;
(4) and adding water into the shell layer mixed material, uniformly mixing (adding 25 wt% of water), spraying the mixture to the surface of the control layer, and drying to form the multilayer structure composite biomass granular fuel.
In the inner core, the mass ratio of the basic fuel B to the bentonite is as follows: 2:1.
In the control layer, the mass ratio of the animal bone meal, the fermented, decomposed and dried rapeseed cakes to the fly ash is as follows: 5:4:1.5.
In the shell layer, the mass ratio of the basic fuel, the animal bone meal, the bentonite and the lime powder is as follows: 5:2:0.5:1.
The inner core is 5 parts, the control layer is 5 parts, and the shell layer is 4 parts according to the mass parts of each layer.
And according to the thickness of each layer, if the particle size of the inner core is d, the thickness of the control layer is 0.7d, and the thickness of the shell layer is 0.5d (the control layer and the shell layer are not in a completely uniform structure).
The drying in the step (3) is high-temperature drying, and the drying temperature is 800-.
And (4) drying at 100 ℃ for 72 h.
Example 6 preparation of an exothermically stable, multilayer structure composite biomass pellet fuel:
the multilayer structure composite biomass granular fuel is prepared according to the structure shown in the structural schematic diagrams in fig. 1 and fig. 2, and comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the raw materials in the inner core, the control layer and the shell layer according to a required proportion to respectively prepare an inner core mixed material, a control layer mixed material and a shell layer mixed material;
(2) pressing the inner core mixed material (after adding 8 wt% of water and uniformly mixing) into granules to form an inner core;
(3) adding water into the mixed material of the control layer, uniformly mixing (adding 25 wt% of water), spraying the mixed material on the surface of the inner core, and drying to form the control layer;
(4) and adding water into the shell layer mixed material, uniformly mixing (adding 25 wt% of water), spraying the mixture to the surface of the control layer, and drying to form the multilayer structure composite biomass granular fuel.
In the inner core, the mass ratio of the basic fuel B to the bentonite is as follows: 2:1.
In the control layer, the mass ratio of the animal bone meal, the fermented, decomposed and dried rapeseed cakes to the fly ash is as follows: 5:4:1.5.
In the shell layer, the mass ratio of the basic fuel, the animal bone meal, the bentonite and the lime powder is as follows: 5:2:0.5:1.
The inner core is 5 parts, the control layer is 5 parts, and the shell layer is 4 parts according to the mass parts of each layer.
And according to the thickness of each layer, if the particle size of the inner core is d, the thickness of the control layer is 0.7d, and the thickness of the shell layer is 0.5d (the control layer and the shell layer are not in a completely uniform structure).
The drying in the step (3) is high-temperature drying, and the drying temperature is 800-.
The drying in the step (4) is medium-temperature drying, and the drying temperature is 500-700 ℃.
Comparative example 1:
8 percent of water by weight is added into the base fuel B and mixed evenly, and the mixture is directly extruded and molded to prepare the biomass fuel with the average grain diameter basically the same as that of the final product in the embodiment 6.
Comparative example 2:
the animal bone meal, bentonite, fermented biomass, fly ash and lime powder in the embodiment 6 are replaced by the base fuel B with equal mass, and other preparation methods are the same as the embodiment 6 to prepare the biomass fuel.
Test of Combustion Performance
The composite biomass pellet fuels prepared in the above examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were subjected to combustion performance tests.
And (3) testing items:
the total heating efficiency is as follows: total heat emitted by fuel per weight (kCal/kg);
segmented heating efficiency: respectively measuring the heat (kCal/kg) emitted by the fuel with unit weight in the front 1/3, middle 1/3 and rear 1/3 sections of the total combustion time;
duration of combustion: the time (seconds/kg) required for the completion of combustion of the fuel per unit weight under the same combustion conditions;
slag rate: the slag weight of the fuel after the combustion of the unit weight of the fuel is finished accounts for the percentage (%) of the weight of the fuel.
The results of the combustion performance tests for each composite biomass pellet fuel sample are shown in table 1 below.
Table 1 combustion performance test results of composite biomass pellet fuel
Figure BDA0002311800430000131
Figure BDA0002311800430000141
As can be seen from table 1, compared with each comparative group, the multilayer structure composite biomass pellet fuel (examples 1 to 6) provided by the present invention can significantly prolong the combustion duration of the fuel, and it can be known from the results of the staged heating performance that the combustion speed of the fuel provided by the present invention is uniform, and the combustion heat can be released stably at a constant speed, so that the rapid increase of the production temperature caused by rapid and large heat release in a short time can be avoided, and the present invention can be adapted to various application occasions of precise temperature control. And (3) data analysis: 1) from the comparison of the total heat generation efficiency, although the total heat generation efficiency of the fuel provided by the invention is slightly lower than that of the comparative example, the reason is that the fuel provided by the invention contains non-combustion components, the combustion rate of the fuel is not reduced, and the reduction percentage of the total heat generation efficiency is compared with the reduction percentage of the combustion components in the fuel, so that the combustion rate of the fuel provided by the invention is slightly improved; the principle of slag yield increase is the same as the principle, and the fuel performance is not reduced; 2) on the basis, as can be seen from the segment exothermic performance data, although the segment exothermic performance of the examples 1 to 4 is significantly lower in the second 1/3 segments than in the first 2/3 segments, the segment exothermic performance is significantly more balanced compared with the comparative examples 1 and 2; the exothermic effects of the 3 stages in examples 5 to 6 are close to average, and the fuel heat release rate is well controlled; 3) the burning duration is as above, the burning time of examples 1-4 is significantly longer than that of comparative example, while the burning speed of examples 5-6 is the slowest and the control effect is the best. Principle analysis: animal bone powder, bentonite and lime powder are added into the basic fuel for the shell layer, the shaping performance of the shell layer is improved through the lime powder and the bentonite, fuel particles are not easy to crack, meanwhile, the animal bone powder, the bentonite, the lime powder and the basic fuel are mixed and dried to form a porous structure with a small aperture, and sufficient oxygen flux can be provided for the combustion of the inner layer fuel while the fuel is not cracked temporarily during combustion; the control layer uses animal bone meal, fermented, decomposed and dried rapeseed cakes and fly ash, and the components form a porous structure with larger pore diameter, so that a larger oxygen introducing space is provided for the combustion of the inner layer fuel, and the combustion rate is properly reduced by the fly ash; the bentonite is added into the base fuel in the inner core, so that the phenomenon that the inner core air is rapidly expanded due to the fact that a large amount of heat is released in a short time because the inner core base fuel is too high in content and too high in density, and further the fuel particles are integrally disintegrated to form uneven heat release is avoided; in examples 5 to 6, the drying processes of the control layer and the shell layer are processed at high temperature and medium temperature by specific procedures, in the high-temperature heating, the fermented, decomposed and dried rapeseed cakes in the control layer can form a porous structure with larger pore diameter and can be better combined with animal bone meal, so that the structure of the control layer is more stable, the shell layer can be also stable in structure by heating at medium temperature, the form in the fuel combustion process is further stably controlled, and sudden heat release caused by sudden disintegration of fuel particles is avoided; in conclusion, the invention provides the multilayer-structure composite biomass granular fuel with stable heat release and the preparation method thereof.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims (10)

1. An exothermically stable, multi-layered, structured, composite biomass pellet fuel, comprising: the core comprises an inner core (1), a control layer (2) and a shell layer (3);
wherein the inner core comprises a basic fuel and bentonite;
the control layer comprises animal bone meal, fermented, decomposed and dried rapeseed cakes and fly ash; the control layer is of a porous structure;
the shell layer comprises basic fuel, animal bone powder, bentonite and lime powder;
the basic fuel comprises more than two of wheat straw, wood chips, corncobs, peanut shells, rice straws, rice husks, oil tea shells and cottonseed shells.
2. The composite biomass particle fuel with the stable heat release and the multilayer structure as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the composite biomass particle fuel comprises, by mass, 5-10 parts of an inner core, 3-5 parts of a control layer and 4-7 parts of a shell layer.
3. The composite biomass particle fuel with the stable heat release and the multilayer structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein the thickness of the control layer is 0.3-0.7d and the thickness of the shell layer is 0.5-1.0d, wherein the particle diameter of the inner core is d according to the thickness of each layer.
4. The exothermically stable multilayer structure composite biomass pellet fuel according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the base fuel to the bentonite in the inner core is: (2-9) to (0.5-2).
5. The composite biomass granular fuel with the stable heat release and the multilayer structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the control layer, the mass ratio of animal bone meal, fermented, decomposed and dried rapeseed cake and fly ash is as follows: (5-10): (1-4): (0.5-1.5).
6. The composite biomass particle fuel with the stable heat release and multilayer structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the shell layer, the mass ratio of the base fuel, the animal bone meal, the bentonite and the lime powder is as follows: (5-9): (1-2): (0.5-1): (1-2).
7. A method for preparing the exothermically stable multilayer structure composite biomass pellet fuel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) respectively crushing and mixing the raw materials in the inner core, the control layer and the shell layer according to the requirements, and respectively preparing an inner core mixed material, a control layer mixed material and a shell layer mixed material;
(2) pressing the inner core mixed material into granules to form an inner core;
(3) adding water into the mixed material of the control layer, uniformly mixing, spraying the mixed material on the surface of the inner core, and drying to form the control layer;
(4) and adding water into the shell layer mixed material, uniformly mixing, spraying the mixture to the surface of the control layer, and drying to form the multilayer structure composite biomass granular fuel.
8. The method for preparing the composite biomass granular fuel with the stable heat release and the multilayer structure according to the claim 7 is characterized in that the animal bone meal required in the step (1) is prepared by the following steps: removing foreign substances on the surface layer of animal bones, mashing, placing in a tube furnace, treating at 800-; in the step (1), the raw materials are crushed into particles with the particle size of 0.5-5 mm; the animal bone is pig bone, cattle bone, fish bone, or sheep bone.
9. The method for preparing the composite biomass granular fuel with the stable heat release and the multilayer structure as claimed in claim 7, wherein the drying in the step (3) is high temperature drying, the composite biomass granular fuel is dried by using high temperature flue gas, the drying temperature is 800-:
the total energy of the particle fuel outer layer and the smoke exchange is divided into three parts:
1. transferring heat by the high-temperature flue gas to the outer layer of the granular fuel in a convection heat exchange mode;
2. the high-temperature flue gas transmits heat to the granular fuel through radiation;
3. the dry moisture vapor loses part of its heat;
the relationship between them is as follows:
1) energy w of convection heat transfer and heat exchange modeconExpressed as:
wcon＝h*(Hgas-Hgrain)*Sgrain(1)
wherein h is a convective heat transfer coefficient and can be obtained by system measurement; hgasThe temperature is the high-temperature flue gas temperature; hgrainIs the particulate fuel temperature; sgrainFor the area of convection heat transfer on the surface of the granular fuel；
2) The high temperature radiant heat delivery is expressed as:
Figure FDA0002311800420000031
α is the radiation heat transfer coefficient;
3) loss of water and steam heat
During the drying process, a part of water in the granular fuel is evaporated into high-temperature flue gas through the outer layer surface of the granular fuel, and the part of energy wsteamCan enter into the flue gas;
wsteam＝-Msteam*(Hgrain*Cwater+(Hgas-Hgrain)*Csteam+kh) (3)
wherein M issteamThe mass of water evaporated from the granular fuel to the high-temperature flue gas per unit time; cwaterIs the specific heat of the moisture at the current temperature; csteamIs the specific heat of the water vapor at the current temperature; k is a radical ofhIs the latent heat of vaporization of water at that temperature;
therefore, the energy W obtained by the particle fuel from the high-temperature flue gasgrainIs composed of
Wgrain＝wcon+wrad-wsteam(4)
In addition, the whole drying process takes high-temperature flue gas as an energy provider, and the total energy W lost by the high-temperature flue gasallComprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002311800420000032
wherein M isgasThe mass of the high-temperature flue gas in unit time; cp-gasThe specific heat of the high-temperature flue gas at the current temperature is obtained; y isw-gasTherefore, the water content of the high-temperature flue gas is reduced;
Figure FDA0002311800420000033
the temperature change of the high-temperature flue gas in unit time;
thus, defending from energyIn terms of constant equation, the demand and supply of energy are equal; i.e. the energy supply of the high-temperature flue gas is equal to the energy W obtained by the granular fuelgrainHeat loss W of transfer with ambientlossSumming;
the following relationships are provided:
Wall＝Wgrain+Wloss(6)
Wall＝wcon+wrad-wsteam+Wloss(7)
wherein heat loss WlossIs constant and is determined by the drying equipment;
the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas with the most stable heat release is obtained in real time through the formulas (1) to (7), and then the temperature of the flue gas is controlled to reach the obtained temperature.
10. The method for preparing the composite biomass granular fuel with the stable heat release and the multilayer structure according to claim 7, wherein the drying in the step (4) is medium-temperature drying, the composite biomass granular fuel is dried by medium-temperature flue gas, the drying temperature is 500-700 ℃, and the flue gas temperature obtaining algorithm is as follows:
the total energy of the particle fuel outer layer and the smoke exchange is divided into three parts:
1. transferring heat by medium-temperature flue gas to the outer layer of the granular fuel in a convection heat exchange mode;
2. the medium-temperature flue gas is used for carrying out radiation heat transfer on the granular fuel;
3. the dry moisture vapor loses part of its heat;
the relationship between them is as follows:
4) energy w of convection heat transfer and heat exchange modeconExpressed as:
wcon＝h*(Hgas-Hgrain)*Sgrain(1)
wherein h is a convective heat transfer coefficient and can be obtained by system measurement; hgasThe temperature of the medium-temperature flue gas; hgrainIs the particulate fuel temperature; sgrainThe area of convection heat exchange on the surface of the granular fuel;
5) the medium temperature radiant heat delivery is expressed as:
Figure FDA0002311800420000041
α is the radiation heat transfer coefficient;
6) loss of water and steam heat
During the drying process, part of water in the granular fuel is evaporated into the medium-temperature flue gas through the outer layer surface of the granular fuel, and the part of energy wsteamCan enter into the flue gas;
wsteam＝-Msteam*(Hgrain*Cwater+(Hgas-Hgrain)*Csteam+kh) (3)
wherein M issteamThe mass of water evaporated from the granular fuel to the medium-temperature flue gas in unit time; cwaterIs the specific heat of the moisture at the current temperature; csteamIs the specific heat of the water vapor at the current temperature; k is a radical ofhIs the latent heat of vaporization of water at that temperature;
thus, the energy W obtained by the particulate fuel from the medium temperature flue gasgrainIs composed of
Wgrain＝wcon+wrad-wsteam(4)
In addition, the whole drying process takes the medium-temperature flue gas as an energy provider, and the total energy W lost by the medium-temperature flue gasallComprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002311800420000051
wherein M isgasThe medium temperature flue gas quality in unit time; cp-gasThe specific heat of the medium-temperature flue gas at the current temperature; y isw-gasThe water content of the medium-temperature flue gas at this time;
Figure FDA0002311800420000052
is the temperature change of the medium temperature flue gas in unit time;
thus, from the energy conservation equation, the energy demand is equal to the supply; i.e. of medium-temperature flue gasesThe energy supply being equal to the energy W obtained by the particulate fuelgrainHeat loss W of transfer with ambientlossSumming;
the following relationships are provided:
Wall＝Wgrain+Wloss(6)
Wall＝wcon+wrad-wsteam+Wloss(7)
wherein heat loss WlossIs constant and is determined by the drying equipment;
the middle-temperature flue gas temperature with the most stable heat release is obtained in real time through the formulas (1) to (7), and then the flue gas is controlled to reach the obtained temperature.
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