CN111019681A - Low-rank coal double-decomposition dry quenching vertical furnace - Google Patents
Low-rank coal double-decomposition dry quenching vertical furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN111019681A CN111019681A CN201911384351.6A CN201911384351A CN111019681A CN 111019681 A CN111019681 A CN 111019681A CN 201911384351 A CN201911384351 A CN 201911384351A CN 111019681 A CN111019681 A CN 111019681A
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/04—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of powdered coal
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Coke Industry (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-rank coal double-pyrolysis dry quenching vertical furnace, which comprises a cyclone separator, a low-temperature dry distillation chamber, a medium-temperature dry distillation chamber, a semicoke dry quenching heat exchange device, an emission control valve and a semicoke cooling conveyor which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom according to the coal material treatment sequence, wherein the cyclone separator is connected with a bag-type dust remover; the straight pipe airflow dryer is provided with a coal material feeding hole. The invention can effectively reduce the dust content in coal gas and tar, and improve the cooling of semi-coke quenching and the system safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal pyrolysis, in particular to a low-rank coal double-pyrolysis dry quenching vertical furnace.
Background
The low-rank coal refers to coal with low coalification degree, such as lignite, long-flame coal, non-caking coal, weakly caking coal, gas coal and the like. The low-rank coal has no caking property or small caking property and is not generally suitable for coking, but has larger volatile matter, and can recover tar and coal gas through medium-low temperature dry distillation and produce semicoke at the same time.
The theory of the low-rank coal carbonization adopted by the invention is as follows:
1. within 550-600 ℃, the yield of pyrolysis tar increases along with the increase of pyrolysis temperature, and reaches a maximum value at 650 ℃. Under the condition of 450 ℃, the raw material coal has higher weight loss rate, the temperature between 450 ℃ and 700 ℃ is the main temperature area for pyrolysis, the temperature between 550 ℃ and 650 ℃ is the optimal pyrolysis temperature section, and the time is 50 min.
2. The enough space of the raw gas channel is ensured, so that the raw gas generated by dry distillation can be led out in time, the stroke and the flow resistance of the raw gas in a carbonization space are reduced, the retention time is shortened, the secondary cracking is reduced, and the oil yield is improved.
3. The wall-clamping structure of the mature coke oven is adopted, so that smooth blanking and discharging of the coal material and the semicoke which are not easy to stick to the wall can be ensured.
At present, the traditional low-rank coal carbonization technology in the industry needs to urgently solve three pain points: high coal gas powder content, semi-coke quenching cooling and potential safety hazard of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a low-rank coal double-decomposition dry quenching vertical furnace, which mainly adopts the step drying, dry distillation and cooling in a manner of combining the dynamic state and the static state of materials to solve the problems, and effectively decomposes and separates solid, liquid and gas phases in coal by utilizing different thermal physical properties to achieve the step quality of finished coal, and achieves the purposes of reducing the dust content in coal gas and tar and improving the semicoke quenching cooling and system safety. The device is good at low-grade pulverized coal with raw material particles of less than 6 mm. The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the low-rank coal double-decomposition dry quenching vertical furnace comprises a cyclone separator, a low-temperature dry distillation chamber, a medium-temperature dry distillation chamber, a semi-coke dry quenching heat exchange device, an emission control valve and a semi-coke cooling conveyor which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom according to a coal material treatment sequence, wherein the cyclone separator is connected with a bag-type dust collector; the straight pipe air flow dryer is provided with a coal material feeding hole.
The double-decomposition dry quenching vertical furnace for the low-rank coal is mainly divided into three parts:
1. a drying and preheating section: the flue gas of the system is utilized, a straight pipe airflow dryer and a cyclone separator are adopted, the external water of the low-rank coal is mainly dried and evaporated, and the low-rank coal is preheated to 200-250 ℃.
2. A dry distillation section:
(1) and (3) a low-temperature dry distillation section: and (3) indirectly transferring heat by using the flue gas at the temperature of 650-450 ℃, performing dry distillation on the preheated low-rank coal, and heating the low-rank coal to 400-500 ℃. A small amount of light oil is mainly evaporated, and oil gas is led out through a gas collecting pipe.
(2) And (3) medium-temperature dry distillation section: and (3) indirectly transferring heat by using flue gas at 800-650 ℃, heating the coal to 500-650 ℃, and performing dry distillation on the low-rank coal again. Heavy oil and coal gas are mainly produced and are mixed with oil gas in the low-temperature carbonization section and then are led out.
3. A dry quenching section: and the semicoke dry quenching heat exchange device cools the semicoke from 650 ℃ to 200 ℃, the semicoke enters a semicoke cooling conveyor to be continuously cooled to 55 ℃, and finally water is sprayed from the tail part to suppress dust, the semicoke is cooled to 50 ℃ and then enters a low-rank coal tank or is transported outside.
Preferably, the coal feed inlet is connected with a screw conveyor, and the screw conveyor is connected with a coal bunker.
Preferably, the low-temperature dry distillation chamber is provided with an upper raw gas output pipe and a lower raw gas output pipe which are used for outputting the pyrolyzed raw gas in a segmented manner.
Preferably, the output pipe at the upper section of the raw coke oven gas is returned to a gas input port for heating the low-temperature dry distillation chamber and the medium-temperature dry distillation chamber.
In the invention, the output pipe of the lower section of the raw gas is connected to an oil-gas treatment system.
In the invention, the flue gas outlet pipe is provided with a flue gas heat exchanger.
In the invention, a membrane type water-cooling screen for cooling the semicoke is arranged on the semicoke dry quenching heat exchange device.
In the invention, a blade type cooling machine is arranged on the semicoke cooling conveyor.
The process flow of the low-rank coal double-decomposition dry quenching vertical furnace is as follows:
the method comprises the steps that low-order pulverized coal enters a straight pipe airflow dryer from a coal bunker through a screw conveyor to be dried, the pulverized coal is conveyed to a furnace top cyclone separator through air force to be subjected to gas-solid separation, the gas is purified through a bag-type dust collector and then discharged through a chimney, the low-order coal is heated to 250 ℃, the water content of the low-order coal is reduced to 3% -5%, the low-order coal enters a feed inlet of the furnace top, the coal moves downwards to be firstly subjected to deep drying, the low-temperature pulverized coal continuously enters a low-temperature dry distillation section (a low-temperature dry distillation chamber) with the coal bed temperature of 400-500 ℃, then enters a medium-temperature dry distillation section (a medium-temperature dry distillation chamber) with the coal bed temperature of 500-650 ℃, continuously descends to a semi-coke dry quenching heat exchange device, is cooled to 200 ℃.
Wherein, the raw gas generated in the carbonization process is output through two sections (an upper output pipe and a lower output pipe) of the ascending pipe, the upper section of the ascending pipe enters the retort to be incinerated, the lower section of the ascending pipe enters the gas collecting pipe, the waste heat is recovered to 100 ℃, and the raw gas is sprayed and cooled to about 70-80 ℃ through circulating ammonia water and enters an oil gas treatment system.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, the low-rank coal double-decomposition dry quenching vertical furnace realizes totally-enclosed, negative-pressure and continuous operation, and has good safety and low dust content. Therefore, the problem of large dust content in coal gas and tar is effectively solved, high-temperature dust removal of the coal gas is avoided, and potential safety hazards of a dust removal system are eliminated.
Secondly, the low-rank coal double-decomposition dry quenching vertical furnace adopts a double-drying double-destructive distillation structure, the heating temperature is controllable, the internal and external water and the light and heavy tar in the pulverized coal are effectively removed, the quality of the semicoke is ensured, and the raw coke gas can be respectively extracted and treated according to two temperature sections.
Thirdly, the low-rank coal double-decomposition dry quenching vertical furnace disclosed by the invention has ultralow smoke emission and no sewage, and solves the problems of complex sewage components, large oil content and high COD (COD value up to 20000-30000 mg/L) in the traditional technology.
Fourthly, the low-rank coal double-decomposition dry quenching vertical furnace disclosed by the invention is used for dry quenching and effectively realizing energy gradient utilization, so that the problems of environmental pollution and high water content of semicoke caused by directly using residual ammonia water for quenching without biochemical treatment in the traditional technology are solved.
Fourthly, the low-rank coal double-pyrolysis dry quenching vertical furnace has high product heat value, and can improve the heat value (only 1700-1900 Kcal/Nm3) of the traditional coal gas to 5000-8000
Kcal/Nm3。
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-rank coal double-desorption dry quenching vertical furnace of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a process flow chart of a low-rank coal double-decomposition dry quenching vertical furnace adopting the invention.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a cyclone separator, 2, a low-temperature carbonization chamber, 3, a medium-temperature carbonization chamber, 4, a semicoke dry quenching heat exchange device, 5, an emission control valve, 6, a semicoke cooling conveyor, 7, a bag-type dust remover, 8, a flue gas drying circulation pipeline, 9, a straight pipe airflow dryer, 10, a flue gas outlet pipe, 11, a blower, 12, a coal material feeding hole, 13, a spiral conveyor, 14, a coal bunker, 15, a crude gas upper-section output pipe, 16, a crude gas lower-section output pipe, 17, a gas input port, 18 and a flue gas heat exchanger.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, an embodiment of the low-rank coal double-quenching vertical furnace of the present invention includes a cyclone separator 1, a low-temperature carbonization chamber 2, a medium-temperature carbonization chamber 3, a semicoke dry quenching heat exchange device 4, an emission control valve 5 and a semicoke cooling conveyor 6, which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom and connected in a coal treatment order, wherein the cyclone separator 1 is connected with a bag-type dust collector 7, a flue gas drying circulation pipeline 8 for conveying coal to the cyclone separator 1 and performing drying treatment is connected between the low-temperature carbonization chamber 2 and the cyclone separator 1, the flue gas drying circulation pipeline 8 includes a straight pipe air flow dryer 9, a flue gas outlet pipe 10, and a straight pipe 11 connected between the lower end of the air flow dryer 9 and the lower end of the flue gas outlet pipe 10, the upper end of the flue gas outlet pipe 10 is connected with the low-temperature carbonization chamber 2, the upper end of the straight pipe airflow dryer 9 is connected with the cyclone separator 1; the straight pipe airflow dryer 9 is provided with a coal material feeding hole 12.
The double-decomposition dry quenching vertical furnace for the low-rank coal is mainly divided into three parts:
1. a drying and preheating section: by using the flue gas of the system, the straight pipe air flow dryer 9 and the cyclone separator 1 are adopted to mainly dry and evaporate the external water of the low-rank coal and simultaneously preheat the low-rank coal to 200-250 ℃.
2. A dry distillation section:
(1) and (3) a low-temperature dry distillation section: and (3) indirectly transferring heat by using the flue gas at the temperature of 650-450 ℃, performing dry distillation on the preheated low-rank coal, and heating the low-rank coal to 400-500 ℃. A small amount of light oil is mainly evaporated, and oil gas is led out through a gas collecting pipe.
(2) And (3) medium-temperature dry distillation section: and (3) indirectly transferring heat by using flue gas at 800-650 ℃, heating the coal to 500-650 ℃, and performing dry distillation on the low-rank coal again. Heavy oil and coal gas are mainly produced and are mixed with oil gas in the low-temperature carbonization section and then are led out.
3. A dry quenching section: and the semicoke dry quenching heat exchange device 4 cools the semicoke from 650 ℃ to 200 ℃, the semicoke enters the semicoke cooling conveyor 6 to be continuously cooled to 55 ℃, and finally water is sprayed from the tail part to suppress dust, the semicoke is cooled to 50 ℃, and then the semicoke is put into a low-rank coal tank or is transported outside.
Preferably, the coal feed inlet 12 is connected with a screw conveyor 13, and the screw conveyor is connected with a coal bunker 14.
Preferably, the low-temperature dry distillation chamber 2 is provided with an upper raw gas output pipe 15 and a lower raw gas output pipe 16 for outputting the pyrolyzed raw gas in a segmented manner.
Preferably, the output pipe 15 at the upper section of the raw gas is returned to a gas input port 17 for heating the low-temperature carbonization chamber 2 and the medium-temperature carbonization chamber 3.
In this embodiment, the output pipe 16 of the lower raw gas segment is connected to an oil gas treatment system.
In this embodiment, the flue gas outlet pipe 10 is provided with a flue gas heat exchanger 18.
In this embodiment, the semicoke dry quenching heat exchange device 4 is provided with a membrane water-cooling screen for cooling the semicoke.
In this embodiment, the semicoke cooling conveyor 6 is provided with a paddle type cooling machine.
The process flow of the low-rank coal double-decomposition dry quenching vertical furnace adopting the embodiment is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps that low-order pulverized coal enters a straight pipe airflow dryer 9 from a coal bunker 14 through a screw conveyor 13 to be dried, the pulverized coal is conveyed to a furnace top cyclone separator 1 through air force to be subjected to gas-solid separation, the gas is purified through a bag-type dust collector 7 and then discharged through a chimney, the low-order pulverized coal is heated to 250 ℃, the water content of the low-order pulverized coal is reduced to 3% -5%, the low-order pulverized coal enters a feed inlet of a furnace top, the coal moves downwards to be subjected to deep drying, the low-temperature pulverized coal continuously goes downwards to a low-temperature dry distillation section (a low-temperature dry distillation chamber 2) with the coal bed temperature of 400-500 ℃, then goes to a medium-temperature dry distillation section (a medium-temperature dry distillation chamber 3) with the coal bed temperature of 500-650 ℃, continues to go downwards to a semicoke dry quenching heat exchange device 4.
Wherein, the raw gas generated in the carbonization process is output through two sections of the ascending pipe (an upper section output pipe 15 and a lower section output pipe 16), the upper section enters the retort to be incinerated, the lower section enters the gas collecting pipe to recover the residual heat to 100 ℃, and the raw gas is sprayed and cooled to about 70-80 ℃ through circulating ammonia water and enters an oil gas treatment system.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The double-decomposition dry quenching vertical furnace for the low-rank coal is characterized by comprising a cyclone separator, a low-temperature carbonization chamber, a medium-temperature carbonization chamber, a semicoke dry quenching heat exchange device, an emission control valve and a semicoke cooling conveyor which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom according to the coal material treatment sequence, wherein the cyclone separator is connected with a bag-type dust collector; the straight pipe air flow dryer is provided with a coal material feeding hole.
2. The low-rank coal double-desorption dry quenching vertical furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein a spiral conveyor is connected to the coal feed inlet, and the spiral conveyor is connected with a coal bunker.
3. The low-rank coal double-pyrolysis dry quenching vertical furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein the low-temperature dry distillation chamber is provided with an upper raw gas output pipe and a lower raw gas output pipe for outputting the pyrolyzed raw gas in sections.
4. The low-rank coal double-pyrolysis dry quenching vertical furnace as claimed in claim 3, wherein the output pipe at the upper section of the raw coke oven gas is returned to a coal gas input port for heating the low-temperature dry distillation chamber and the medium-temperature dry distillation chamber.
5. The low-rank coal double-desorption dry quenching vertical furnace as claimed in claim 3, wherein a lower output pipe of the raw coke oven gas is connected to an oil gas treatment system.
6. The low-rank coal double-pyrolysis dry quenching vertical furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein a flue gas heat exchanger is arranged on the flue gas outlet pipe.
7. The low-rank coal double-desorption dry quenching vertical furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein a membrane water-cooling screen for cooling the semicoke is arranged on the semicoke dry quenching heat exchange device.
8. The low-rank coal double-decomposition dry quenching vertical furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein a paddle type cooler is arranged on the semicoke cooling conveyor.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115261045A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-11-01 | 宁夏佳宁科技有限公司 | Coal dry distillation pyrolysis process |
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| US4533438A (en) * | 1983-03-23 | 1985-08-06 | Veb Schwermaschinenbau "Karl Liebknecht" Magdeburg | Method of pyrolyzing brown coal |
| CN102433142A (en) * | 2011-10-21 | 2012-05-02 | 山东天力干燥股份有限公司 | Quality-improving technique combining low-rank coal pneumatic drying with multi-tube revolving destructive distillation and system for same |
| WO2013064864A1 (en) * | 2011-11-03 | 2013-05-10 | Sorefor S.A. | Mobile modular system for exploiting the energy from forest residues |
| CN104232129A (en) * | 2014-09-11 | 2014-12-24 | 陈伟 | Method for preparing semicoke and tar by virtue of co-pyrolysis of organic waste and coal |
| CN105567267A (en) * | 2016-02-23 | 2016-05-11 | 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 | System and method for pyrolyzing coal |
| CN211814264U (en) * | 2019-12-28 | 2020-10-30 | 无锡亿恩科技股份有限公司 | Low-rank coal double-decomposition dry quenching vertical furnace |
-
2019
- 2019-12-28 CN CN201911384351.6A patent/CN111019681A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4533438A (en) * | 1983-03-23 | 1985-08-06 | Veb Schwermaschinenbau "Karl Liebknecht" Magdeburg | Method of pyrolyzing brown coal |
| CN102433142A (en) * | 2011-10-21 | 2012-05-02 | 山东天力干燥股份有限公司 | Quality-improving technique combining low-rank coal pneumatic drying with multi-tube revolving destructive distillation and system for same |
| WO2013064864A1 (en) * | 2011-11-03 | 2013-05-10 | Sorefor S.A. | Mobile modular system for exploiting the energy from forest residues |
| CN104232129A (en) * | 2014-09-11 | 2014-12-24 | 陈伟 | Method for preparing semicoke and tar by virtue of co-pyrolysis of organic waste and coal |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115261045A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-11-01 | 宁夏佳宁科技有限公司 | Coal dry distillation pyrolysis process |
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