CN111018521B - 一种氧化锆-硼化锆复合陶瓷及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种氧化锆-硼化锆复合陶瓷及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明无机复合陶瓷材料技术领域,公开了一种氧化锆‑硼化锆陶瓷发热体及其制备方法和应有,该氧化锆‑硼化锆复合陶瓷是锆化合物、硝酸钇和聚乙二醇加入到无水乙醇中,氨水调节pH,在60~80℃加热,得到干凝胶;在空气气氛下,升温至750~850℃煅烧,得到四方ZrO2粉体;将四方ZrO2粉体和无定形B混合后,压成坯体后在真空或N2气氛下升温至800~1350℃烧结,得ZrO2‑ZrB2复合粉体;该ZrO2‑ZrB2复合粉体压成坯体后在真空或N2气氛下升温至1500~1700℃烧结,随炉降温后制得。ZrO2‑ZrB2复合陶瓷具有抗热震性,同时高温下具有优异的力学性能和抗热震性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于无机复合陶瓷材料技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种氧化锆-硼化锆(ZrO2-ZrB2)复合陶瓷及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
高温发热体常见的有硅钼棒,硅碳棒和铬酸镧三种。其中,铬酸镧发热体在高温使用时会生成二氧化铬污染烧结的样品,硅钼棒的使用温度最高也只有1700℃。氧化锆高温发热体是一种能在1800℃以上氧化气氛的电炉中使用的发热元件,在高温导热导电发热性能上是其他很多耐火材料所不可比拟的,但是氧化锆发热体缺点在于低温时,其导电性较差,并且抗热震性较差,容易发生开裂的情况。
在超高温陶瓷家族中,ZrB2基超高温陶瓷具有高熔点、高强度、高导热和低密度等优异的特性。因此,需要提供氧化锆-硼化锆的复合材料可有效解决上述氧化锆发热体存在的问题。
发明内容
为了解决上述现有技术存在的不足和缺点,本发明首要目的在于提供一种氧化锆-硼化锆(ZrO2-ZrB2)复合陶瓷发热体。该陶瓷发热体有较好的力学性能和不错的抗氧化性。
本发明另一目的在于提供一种上述氧化锆-硼化锆复合陶瓷发热体的制备方法。该方法以四方相ZrO2与无定形B粉为原料,烧结制备ZrO2-ZrB2复合陶瓷发热体。
本发明再一目的在于提供一种上述氧化锆-硼化锆复合陶瓷发热体的应用。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案来实现:
一种氧化锆-硼化锆复合陶瓷,所述氧化锆-硼化锆复合陶瓷是将锆化合物、硝酸钇和聚乙二醇加入到无水乙醇中,滴加氨水调节pH到9~10,在60~80℃水浴加热后,研磨成粉得到干凝胶;在空气气氛下,升温至750~850℃煅烧,随炉冷却至室温,得到四方ZrO2粉体;将四方ZrO2粉体和无定形B粉体均匀混合后,压成坯体,在真空或N2气氛下升温至800~1350℃烧结,随炉降温后研磨过筛,得到ZrO2-ZrB2复合粉体;将该复合粉体压成坯体,在真空或N2气氛下升温至1500~1700℃烧结,随炉降温后制得。
优选地,所述锆化合物为水合氢氧化锆、硝酸锆或氧氯化锆。
优选地,所述锆化合物、硝酸钇、聚乙二醇和无水乙醇的用量摩尔比为0.97:(0.05~0.08):(0.0001~0.001):(0.15~0.3)。
优选地,所述四方ZrO2:B的体积比为1:(1.0~1.2),所述四方ZrO2粉体的粒径为30~50nm,所述无定形B粉体的粒径为0.5~2μm;所述无定形B的纯度为95~100%;所述四方ZrO2粉体的纯度为95~100%。
优选地,所述四方ZrO2粉体为含2.7~3mol%Y2O3的ZrO2粉体。
优选地,所述在800~1350℃烧结的时间为0.5~1.5h,所述在1500~1700℃烧结的时间为1~3h。
所述的氧化锆-硼化锆复合陶瓷的制备方法,包括如下具体步骤:
S1.将锆化合物、硝酸钇与聚乙二醇加入到无水乙醇中,滴加氨水调节pH到9~10,在60~80℃水浴加热后得到干凝胶;将所得干凝胶研磨成粉,在空气气氛下,升温至750~850℃煅烧,随炉冷却至室温,得到四方ZrO2粉体;
S2.将四方ZrO2粉体和无定形B粉体均匀混合后,在压片机上1~2t力干压成坯体,在真空或N2气氛下升温至800~1350℃烧结,随炉降温后研磨过筛,得到ZrO2-ZrB2复合粉体;
S3.将ZrO2-ZrB2复合粉体在压片机上1~2t力干压成坯体,在真空或N2气氛下升温至1500~1700℃烧结,随炉降温,得到ZrO2-ZrB2复合陶瓷。
优选地,步骤S2中所述升温的速率为5~10℃/min,所述烧结的时间为0.5~1.5h。
优选地,步骤S3中所述升温的速率为5~10℃/min,所述烧结的时间为1~3h。
所述氧化锆-硼化锆复合陶瓷在发热体材料领域中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
1.本发明制备的ZrO2-ZrB2复合陶瓷高温下具有优异的力学性能和抗热震性能,由于ZrB2的存在有效改善纯ZrO2陶瓷低温时候得抗热震性,并且能承受更高的温度,使用温度最高为2000℃,能有效解决加热设备的可靠性问题。
2.本发明采用自合成化学法制备四方ZrO2(Y-TZP)粉体,其工艺简便,粒径较细。
3.本发明中ZrB2作为超高温陶瓷材料具有高熔点、高硬度、导电性良好等特点,制备ZrO2-ZrB2复合陶瓷能有效解决ZrO2在低温导电性较差的问题,并且提高其作为发热体的使用温度。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的四方ZrO2(Y-TZP)粉体的XRD。
图2为实施例1所得的Y-TZP粉体的SEM照片。
图3为实施例1所得ZrO2-ZrB2复合陶瓷在1000℃的抗热震性能。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例进一步说明本发明的内容,但不应理解为对本发明的限制。若未特别指明,实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段。除非特别说明,本发明采用的试剂、方法和设备为本技术领域常规试剂、方法和设备。
实施例1
1.将15.45g水合氢氧化锆、2.3g硝酸钇和0.0242g聚乙二醇加入到8.6205g无水乙醇中,滴加氨水调节pH到10,在80℃磁力加热搅拌器中搅拌1h,得到干凝胶。在空气气氛下,采用箱式炉156min到780℃,恒温煅烧2h,得到四方ZrO2粉体(Y-TZP)。
2.将四方ZrO2粉体与B粉,按照ZrO2:B体积比为1:1.1进行混合,充分搅拌混合均匀后,在压片机上用2t力干压成坯体,在真空采用高温真空气氛烧结炉中以10℃/min升温至1000℃,保温1h,随炉降温,得到ZrO2-ZrB2复合粉体。
3.将ZrO2-ZrB2复合粉体在压片机上2t力干压成坯体,在真空气氛下采用高温真空气氛烧结炉中以10℃/min升温至1550℃,保温1h,随炉降温后研磨过筛,得到ZrO2-ZrB2复合陶瓷。
图1为本实施例所得的四方ZrO2(Y-TZP)粉体的XRD;从图1中可知,所得到的ZrO2全为四方相。图2为实施例1所得的Y-TZP粉体的SEM照片。根据图2可得知,四方ZrO2粉体的粒径为30~50nm。图3为所得ZrO2-ZrB2复合陶瓷在1000℃的抗热震性能。从图3中可知,该复合陶瓷在多次急速降温的情况下强度略微降低,抗弯强度减少不到10%,说明制备的ZrO2-ZrB2复合陶瓷高温下具有优异的力学性能和抗热震性能。
实施例2
1.将15.45g水合氢氧化锆、2.3g硝酸钇和0.0242g聚乙二醇加入到8.6205g无水乙醇中,滴加氨水调节PH到10,在80℃磁力加热搅拌器中搅拌1h,得到干凝胶。在空气气氛下,采用箱式炉156min到780℃,恒温煅烧2h,得到四方ZrO2粉体。
2.将四方ZrO2粉体与B粉,按照ZrO2:B体积比为1:1.1进行混合,充分搅拌混合均匀后,在压片机上用2t力干压成坯体,在真空采用高温真空气氛烧结炉在10℃/min升温至1050℃,保温1h,随炉降温后,得到ZrO2-ZrB2复合粉体。
3.将ZrO2-ZrB2复合粉体在压片机上1~2t力干压成坯体,在N2气氛下采用高温真空气氛烧结炉在10℃/min升温至1550℃并保温1h,随炉降温后研磨过筛,得到ZrO2-ZrB2复合陶瓷。
实施例3
1.将15.45g水合氢氧化锆、2.3g硝酸钇和0.0242g聚乙二醇加入到8.6205g无水乙醇中,滴加氨水调节PH到10,在80℃磁力加热搅拌器中搅拌1h,得到干凝胶。在空气气氛下,采用箱式炉156min到780℃,恒温煅烧2h,得到四方ZrO2粉体。
2.将四方ZrO2粉体与B粉,按照ZrO2:B=1:1.1进行混合,充分搅拌混合均匀后,在压片机上用2t力干压成坯体,在真空采用高温真空气氛烧结炉在10℃/min升温至1000℃,保温1h,随炉降温后,得到ZrO2-ZrB2复合粉体。
3.将ZrO2-ZrB2复合粉体在压片机上1~2t力干压成坯体,在真空气氛下采用高温真空气氛烧结炉在10℃/min升温至1600℃,保温1h,随炉降温后研磨过筛,得到ZrO2-ZrB2复合陶瓷。
实施例4
1.将15.45g水合氢氧化锆、2.3g硝酸钇和0.0242g聚乙二醇加入到8.6205g无水乙醇中,滴加氨水调节PH到10,在80℃磁力加热搅拌器中搅拌1h,得到干凝胶。在空气气氛下,采用箱式炉156min到780℃,恒温煅烧2h,得到四方ZrO2粉体。
2.将四方ZrO2粉体与B粉,按照ZrO2:B=1:1.1进行混合,充分搅拌混合均匀后,在压片机上用2t力干压成坯体,在真空采用高温真空气氛烧结炉在10℃/min升温至1000℃,保温1h,随炉降温后,得到ZrO2-ZrB2复合粉体。
3.将ZrO2-ZrB2复合粉体在压片机上1~2t力干压成坯体,在真空气氛下采用高温真空气氛烧结炉在10℃/min升温至1600℃,保温2h,随炉降温后研磨过筛,得到ZrO2-ZrB2复合陶瓷。
实施例5
1.将15.45g水合氢氧化锆、2.3g硝酸钇和0.0242g聚乙二醇加入到8.6205g无水乙醇中,滴加氨水调节PH到10,在80℃磁力加热搅拌器中搅拌1h,得到干凝胶。在空气气氛下,采用箱式炉156min到780℃,恒温煅烧2h,得到四方ZrO2粉体。
2.将四方ZrO2粉体与B粉,按照ZrO2:B=1:1.1进行混合,充分搅拌混合均匀后,在压片机上用2t力干压成坯体,在真空采用高温真空气氛烧结炉在10℃/min升温至1000℃,保温1h,随炉降温后,得到ZrO2-ZrB2复合粉体。
3.将ZrO2-ZrB2复合粉体在压片机上1~2t力干压成坯体,在真空气氛下采用高温真空气氛烧结炉在10℃/min升温至1700℃,保温1h,随炉降温后研磨过筛,得到ZrO2-ZrB2复合陶瓷。
实施例6
1.将15.45g水合氢氧化锆、2.3g硝酸钇和0.0242g聚乙二醇加入到8.6205g无水乙醇中,滴加氨水调节PH到10,在80℃磁力加热搅拌器中搅拌1h,得到干凝胶。在空气气氛下,采用箱式炉156min到780℃,恒温煅烧2h,得到四方ZrO2粉体。
2.将四方ZrO2粉体与B粉,按照ZrO2:B=1:1.1进行混合,充分搅拌混合均匀后,在压片机上用2t力干压成坯体,在真空采用高温真空气氛烧结炉在10℃/min升温至1000℃,保温1h,随炉降温后,得到ZrO2-ZrB2复合粉体。
3.将ZrO2-ZrB2复合粉体在压片机上1~2t力干压成坯体,在真空下采用高温真空气氛烧结炉在10℃/min升温至1700℃,保温1h,随炉降温后研磨过筛,得到ZrO2-ZrB2复合陶瓷。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合和简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种氧化锆-硼化锆复合陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下具体步骤:
S1.将锆化合物、硝酸钇与聚乙二醇加入到无水乙醇中,滴加氨水调节pH到9~10,在60~80℃水浴加热后得到干凝胶;将所得干凝胶研磨成粉,在空气气氛下,升温至750~850℃煅烧,随炉冷却至室温,得到四方ZrO2粉体;所述四方ZrO2粉体的粒径为30~50nm;所述四方ZrO2粉体为含2.7~3mol%Y2O3的ZrO2粉体;所述锆化合物、硝酸钇、聚乙二醇和无水乙醇的摩尔比为0.97:(0.05~0.08):(0.0001~0.001):(0.15~0.3);
S2.将四方ZrO2粉体和无定形B粉体均匀混合后,在压片机上1~2t力干压成坯体,在真空或N2气氛下升温至800~1350℃烧结,随炉降温后研磨过筛,得到ZrO2-ZrB2复合粉体;
S3.将ZrO2-ZrB2复合粉体在压片机上1~2t力干压成坯体,在真空或N2气氛下升温至1500~1700℃烧结,随炉降温,得到ZrO2-ZrB2复合陶瓷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的氧化锆-硼化锆复合陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中所述升温的速率为5~10℃/min,所述烧结的时间为0.5~1.5h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的氧化锆-硼化锆复合陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中所述升温的速率为5~10℃/min,所述烧结的时间为1~3h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的氧化锆-硼化锆复合陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中所述锆化合物为水合氢氧化锆、硝酸锆或氧氯化锆。
5.根据权利要求1所述的氧化锆-硼化锆复合陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中所述四方ZrO2:无定形B粉体的体积比为1:(1~1.2),四方ZrO2粉体的纯度为95~100%;所述无定形B粉体的粒径为0.5~2μm,无定形B的纯度为95~100%。
6.一种氧化锆-硼化锆复合陶瓷,其特征在于,所述氧化锆-硼化锆复合陶瓷是由权利要求1-5任一项所述方法制备得到。
7.权利要求6所述氧化锆-硼化锆复合陶瓷在发热体材料领域中的应用。
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