CN111009592B - 一种SiO2及掺杂多晶硅叠层钝化薄膜的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种SiO2及掺杂多晶硅叠层钝化薄膜的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种SiO2及掺杂多晶硅叠层钝化薄膜的制备方法,包括如下步骤:链式连续传输体系,硅片在自动装料台装载到载板上,带硅片的载板经过装载腔抽真空并加热;通过输送机构输送至PECVD工艺腔内用SiH4和含氧气体(O2/N2O)生成Si02薄膜;然后经过过渡腔送到PVD工艺腔内用离子溅射方法镀掺杂的非晶硅薄膜;再经过卸载腔进入大气后在卸载台卸载;空载板在大气中回传到装载台继续下一个循环。该发明利用链式传输,结合了PECVD生长SiO2和PVD生长掺杂多晶硅的二合一镀膜方案,连续运行生产具有产能高、生产工序少、工艺间无交叉污染和环境污染、设备投入成本低及生产能耗低的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及高效太阳能电池制备技术领域,特别涉及一种掺杂非晶硅氧化硅叠层钝化电池的制备方法,尤其是电池中SiO2及掺杂多晶硅叠层钝化薄膜的制备方法。
背景技术
目前,电池技术发展迅速,尤其是掺杂非晶硅氧化硅叠层钝化(POLO) 的高效电池克服了目前PERC电池电接触的缺点,是今后提升电池转换效率的下一代量产技术,市场前景巨大。典型的代表有Topcon,它是N-型硅片的背面掺磷多晶硅和氧化硅做钝化的电池。Topcon技术的核心是制取极薄的SiO2薄层和制备掺杂的多晶硅层,目前的行业现状是先通过高温氧化获得SiO2再用LPCVD(高温热分解法)制取a-Si,然后通过离子注入方式实现掺杂层,需要3台设备分别单独完成上述3道工序,最后通过退火形成掺杂后的多晶硅膜层。因为离子注入工艺引入的污染,在退火前硅片还必须清洗一下。所以完成掺杂非晶硅氧化硅叠层钝化需要5道工序、4套设备完成。虽然高温氧化和LPCVD可以在同一个管式炉里实现,但由于工艺温度不一致,需要花费更长的升温、降温等待时间,导致产能偏低。
现有技术方案的步骤如下:
1)SiO2制备:采用管式设备通过热氧化方式实现,加热到570℃左右高温,需要30-60min才能生长2nm左右厚度的SiO2薄膜,其具有温度高能耗大、工艺时间长等缺点;
2)多晶硅制备:采用管式LPCVD设备通过镀膜实现,加热到600℃左右高温,需要60min左右才能生长130nm左右厚度的多晶硅,其具有温度高能耗大、工艺时间长等缺点;
3)掺杂:使用离子注入设备实现多晶硅掺杂层的制备,设备成本高、工序繁琐、不经济。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种SiO2及掺杂多晶硅叠层钝化薄膜的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)首先提供一组依次包括装载腔、加热腔、链式PECVD工艺腔、链式 PVD工艺腔、冷却腔及卸载腔的线性连续传输的镀膜设备;
2)在装载腔完成硅片的装载并置于载板上并通过输送机构输送至可抽真空的加热腔进行加热,然后进入到链式PECVD工艺腔;
3)在链式PECVD工艺腔内,通过等离子激发生成Si02薄膜;
4)输送机构将表面生成Si02薄膜的硅片输送至链式PVD工艺腔内,预设的靶材经离子溅射在硅片上形成掺杂的a-Si薄膜,镀膜工艺完成,从卸载腔出腔体;
5)镀膜后的硅片经高温退火后转换成掺杂多晶硅和氧化硅的叠层。
其中,在镀膜设备工艺腔体内,一个或多个离子源平排放置用于等离子的生成。
其中,PECVD镀膜用SiH4和O2作为特气,等离子的产生采用交流射频电源,用于在硅表面生成氧化硅;或者,PECVD镀膜用SiH4和N2O作为特气,等离子的产生采用交流射频电源,用于在硅表面生成氧化硅。
其中,PVD工艺腔内的靶材是硅和掺杂元素的混合材料靶,掺杂元素为磷或硼,掺杂元素和硅的比例为1/1000-2/100。
其中,PVD工艺腔内通氩气的同时,还通入适量氧气以调节多晶硅薄膜的透光性。
其中,链式PECVD工艺腔与链式PVD工艺腔之间还设置有隔离腔,以防止链式PECVD工艺腔与链式PVD工艺腔的反应气氛相互污染。
其中,载板线性连续传输并经过镀膜设备的各腔体时,各腔体内均设置有加热装置以控制载板上硅片的温度在200-400℃。
本发明还提供了一种基于SiO2及掺杂多晶硅叠层钝化薄膜的制备方法制备而成的太阳能电池,太阳能电池为Topcon、POLO、IBC、PERC电池中的任一种。
通过上述技术方案,本发明利用链式传输,结合了PECVD生长SiO2和 PVD生长掺杂多晶硅的二合一镀膜方案,PECVD为线性离子源使用RF激发等离子体放电,且生长SiO2采用分离进气方式并只使用SiH4和O2/N2O两种特气作为反应气体,而PVD为不同掺杂靶材组合用于制备不同浓度的掺杂层或者梯度掺杂层,且镀膜设备连续运行生产具有产能高、生产工序少、工艺间无交叉污染和环境污染、设备投入成本低及生产能耗低的优点。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。
图1为本发明实施例所公开的链式PECVD生长SiO2和链式PVD生长不同掺杂浓度多晶硅二合一镀膜方案的镀膜设备结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
实施例1(PECVD镀膜用SiH4和O2作为特气):
本发明提供了一种SiO2及掺杂多晶硅叠层钝化薄膜的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)首先提供一组依次包括装载腔、加热腔、链式PECVD工艺腔、链式 PVD工艺腔、冷却腔及卸载腔的线性连续传输的镀膜设备,如图1所示;
2)在装载腔完成硅片的装载并置于载板上并通过输送机构输送至可抽真空的加热腔进行加热,然后进入到链式PECVD工艺腔;
3)在链式PECVD工艺腔内,PECVD镀膜用SiH4和O2作为特气,等离子的产生采用交流射频电源,通过等离子激发在硅表面生成Si02薄膜;
4)输送机构将表面生成Si02薄膜的硅片输送至链式PVD工艺腔内,预设的靶材经离子溅射在硅片上形成掺杂的a-Si薄膜,镀膜工艺完成,从卸载腔出腔体;其中,PVD工艺腔内的靶材是硅和掺杂元素的混合材料靶,掺杂元素为磷或硼(其中磷掺杂用于在反面形成N膜,硼掺杂用于在正面形成P膜),掺杂元素和硅的比例为1/1000-2/100;其中,PVD工艺腔内通氩气的同时,还通入适量氧气以调节多晶硅薄膜的透光性;
5)镀膜后的硅片经高温退火后转换成掺杂多晶硅和氧化硅的叠层。
实施例2(PECVD镀膜用SiH4和N2O作为特气):
本发明提供了一种SiO2及掺杂多晶硅叠层钝化薄膜的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)首先提供一组依次包括装载腔、加热腔、链式PECVD工艺腔、链式 PVD工艺腔、冷却腔及卸载腔的线性连续传输的镀膜设备,如图1所示;
2)在装载腔完成硅片的装载并置于载板上并通过输送机构输送至可抽真空的加热腔进行加热,然后进入到链式PECVD工艺腔;
3)在链式PECVD工艺腔内,PECVD镀膜用SiH4和N2O作为特气,等离子的产生采用交流射频电源,通过等离子激发在硅表面生成Si02薄膜;
4)输送机构将表面生成Si02薄膜的硅片输送至链式PVD工艺腔内,预设的靶材经离子溅射在硅片上形成掺杂的a-Si薄膜,镀膜工艺完成,从卸载腔出腔体;其中,PVD工艺腔内的靶材是硅和掺杂元素的混合材料靶,掺杂元素为磷或硼(其中磷掺杂用于在反面形成N膜,硼掺杂用于在正面形成P膜),掺杂元素和硅的比例为1/1000-2/100;其中,PVD工艺腔内通氩气的同时,还通入适量氧气以调节多晶硅薄膜的透光性;
5)镀膜后的硅片经高温退火后转换成掺杂多晶硅和氧化硅的叠层。
上述实施例1或2中,在镀膜设备工艺腔体内,一个或多个离子源平排放置用于等离子的生成;链式PECVD工艺腔与链式PVD工艺腔之间还设置有隔离腔,以防止链式PECVD工艺腔与链式PVD工艺腔的反应气氛相互污染;载板线性连续传输并经过镀膜设备的各腔体时,各腔体内均设置有加热装置以控制载板上硅片的温度在200-400℃。
本发明利用链式传输,结合了PECVD生长SiO2和PVD生长掺杂多晶硅的二合一镀膜方案,PECVD为线性离子源使用RF激发等离子体放电,且生长SiO2采用分离进气方式并只使用SiH4和O2/N2O两种特气作为反应气体,而PVD为不同掺杂靶材组合用于制备不同浓度的掺杂层或者梯度掺杂层,且镀膜设备连续运行生产具有产能高、生产工序少、工艺间无交叉污染和环境污染、设备投入成本低及生产能耗低的优点。
此外,本发明还基于上述实施例1或2所述的一种SiO2及掺杂多晶硅叠层钝化薄膜的制备方法进行制备Topcon、POLO、IBC、PERC电池中的任一种太阳能电池,从而大幅度提高Topcon、POLO、IBC、PERC等电池的电池转换效率。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对上述实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种SiO2及掺杂多晶硅叠层钝化薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)首先提供一组依次包括装载腔、加热腔、链式PECVD工艺腔、链式PVD工艺腔、冷却腔及卸载腔的线性连续传输的镀膜设备;
2)在装载腔完成硅片的装载并置于载板上并通过输送机构输送至可抽真空的加热腔进行加热,然后进入到链式PECVD工艺腔;
3)在链式PECVD工艺腔内,采用线性离子源并采用交流射频电源产生等离子,用SiH4与O2或者SiH4与N2O作为特气,通过等离子激发生成SiO 2薄膜;
4)输送机构将表面生成SiO 2薄膜的硅片输送至链式PVD工艺腔内,预设不同掺杂浓度的靶材组合经离子溅射在硅片上形成不同掺杂浓度或梯度掺杂的a-Si薄膜,镀膜工艺完成,从卸载腔出腔体;
5)镀膜后的硅片经高温退火后转换成掺杂多晶硅和氧化硅的叠层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种SiO2及掺杂多晶硅叠层钝化薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,PVD工艺腔内的靶材是硅和掺杂元素的混合材料靶,掺杂元素为磷或硼,掺杂元素和硅的比例为1/1000-2/100。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种SiO2及掺杂多晶硅叠层钝化薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,PVD工艺腔内通氩气的同时,还通入适量氧气以调节多晶硅薄膜的透光性。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种SiO2及掺杂多晶硅叠层钝化薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,链式PECVD工艺腔与链式PVD工艺腔之间还设置有隔离腔,以防止链式PECVD工艺腔与链式PVD工艺腔的反应气氛相互污染。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种SiO2及掺杂多晶硅叠层钝化薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,载板线性连续传输并经过镀膜设备的各腔体时,各腔体内均设置有加热装置以控制载板上硅片的温度在200-400℃。
6.一种太阳能电池,其特征在于,基于权利要求1-5任一项所述的一种SiO2及掺杂多晶硅叠层钝化薄膜的制备方法制备而成。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种太阳能电池,其特征在于,为Topcon、POLO、IBC、PERC电池中的任一种。
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