CN111002493B - Diamond turning method for large-caliber germanium single crystal lens - Google Patents
Diamond turning method for large-caliber germanium single crystal lens Download PDFInfo
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- CN111002493B CN111002493B CN201911169224.4A CN201911169224A CN111002493B CN 111002493 B CN111002493 B CN 111002493B CN 201911169224 A CN201911169224 A CN 201911169224A CN 111002493 B CN111002493 B CN 111002493B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
- B28D5/00—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor
- B28D5/04—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor by tools other than rotary type, e.g. reciprocating tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
- B28D5/00—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor
- B28D5/0058—Accessories specially adapted for use with machines for fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material
- B28D5/0076—Accessories specially adapted for use with machines for fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material for removing dust, e.g. by spraying liquids; for lubricating, cooling or cleaning tool or work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
- B28D5/00—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor
- B28D5/0058—Accessories specially adapted for use with machines for fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material
- B28D5/0082—Accessories specially adapted for use with machines for fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material for supporting, holding, feeding, conveying or discharging work
Abstract
The invention discloses a diamond turning method of a large-caliber germanium single crystal lens, which is used for a diamond turning process of an infrared crystal material lens with large size and heavy mass; for large-caliber parts with the diameter of the part exceeding the size of the equipment spindle chuck, a transition adapter is designed to be installed on the equipment spindle chuck, and two end faces of the adapter are precisely turned into a mirror face with the parallelism of less than 0.005-0.01mm so as to ensure the central deviation of the lens caused by the axial inclination of the optical axis; the adapter is connected with a clamp for mounting the lens, and meanwhile, for parts with large mass, a method of combining spindle vacuum adsorption and bonding of the lens edge and the clamp by sealing adhesive is adopted, so that dynamic balance unbalance of the clamp and the parts caused by large mass of the parts in the machining process and safety in the manufacturing process are ensured, and precise turning of the large-caliber infrared material lens is realized. The invention realizes the effects of stable processing quality of a plurality of workpieces, improved efficiency and reduced cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of diamond ultra-precision turning in an optical manufacturing technology, and relates to a diamond turning method for a large-caliber germanium single crystal lens.
Background
The large-caliber germanium single crystal lens is an indispensable key optical element in various fields such as space optical detection systems, atmospheric infrared observation and the like, and the main technical indexes are the optical center deviation, the surface defect grade and the surface shape precision of the lens. In view of the increasing maturity of diamond ultra-precision turning technology, infrared crystal materials such as germanium, zinc sulfide, zinc selenide and the like have better turning processing performance, and particularly lenses with aspheric surface shapes need to be finished by adopting a diamond turning process.
At present, the optical processing of the infrared crystal material bi-spherical lens can be generally solved by adopting a classical grinding and polishing method, and the guarantee of the central deviation is completed by a centering edge grinding machine. However, for infrared crystal lenses with large size and heavy mass, no proper centering edge grinding equipment is provided, the center deviation of the infrared crystal lenses can be corrected manually, and the index is extremely easy to be out of tolerance and cannot meet the design requirement; the surface defects and the surface shape precision are required to be repeatedly corrected by a classical method, and the technical grade requirement of an operator is high. Classical processing of lenses having aspherical surfaces is not possible at all.
Disclosure of Invention
Objects of the invention
The purpose of the invention is: aiming at the problems in the prior art, the diamond turning method for the large-caliber germanium single crystal lens is provided.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a diamond turning method of a large-caliber germanium single crystal lens, which comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: mounting an adapter and precisely turning the adapter;
the second step is that: installing a lens clamp and precisely turning a clamp to be matched with an interface of a lens to be turned;
the third step: the convex surface of the adsorption lens is arranged on the lens clamp and fixed by glue;
the fourth step: precisely turning the concave surface of the lens;
the fifth step: cleaning a lower disc;
and a sixth step: the concave surface of the adsorption lens is arranged on the lens clamp and fixed by glue;
the seventh step: precisely turning the convex surface of the lens;
eighth step: cleaning a lower disc;
the ninth step: checking;
the tenth step: and (6) packaging.
In the first step, an adapter piece formed by turning through a common lathe is fixed on a main shaft of a diamond turning machine tool, and two end faces are respectively precisely turned to form a mirror face with the parallel difference smaller than 0.005 mm; the first end face of one end of the adapter is attached to the mounting seat of the turning machine tool and fixed on the mounting seat of the turning machine tool by adopting a countersunk head bolt.
And in the second step, the bottom surface of the lens clamp which is turned and molded by a common lathe is arranged on the second end surface at the other end of the adapter, a step through hole is formed in the center of the lens clamp, the radius of the bottom through hole is smaller than that of the top through hole, an annular step is formed at the top through hole and used for arranging a lens blank to be turned, and the matching gap between the top through hole and the excircle of the lens blank is 0.02-0.04 mm. A concave arc surface is formed at a corner between the top through hole and the bottom through hole of the lens clamp, and the radian of the concave arc surface is consistent with that of the edge of a convex surface of a lens to be turned. The height of the through hole at the top of the lens clamp is smaller than the height of the outer cylindrical surface of the lens blank;
and in the third step, the milled convex surface of the lens blank is arranged on the lens clamp towards one side of the adapter, an adsorption switch of the diamond turning machine tool is started, and the interface of the excircle of the bonded lens and the clamp is sealed by using bonding glue, so that the edge of the concave surface of the lens protrudes out of the clamp.
And in the fourth step, after the adsorption and the bonding are finished, precisely turning the concave surface of the lens, and removing the residual amount of 0.1-0.2 mm.
And in the sixth step, the cleaned concave surface of the lens blank is arranged on the lens clamp towards one side of the adapter, an adsorption switch of the diamond turning machine tool is started, and then the interface of the excircle of the bonded lens and the clamp is sealed by using bonding glue.
And in the seventh step, precisely turning the convex surface of the lens after completing the adsorption and the bonding, and removing the residual amount of 0.1-0.2 mm.
And in the eighth step, taking down the lens subjected to convex surface turning, and cleaning the two optical surfaces by using alcohol ether mixed liquor.
(III) advantageous effects
According to the diamond turning method for the large-caliber germanium single crystal lens, aiming at the large-caliber part with the diameter exceeding the size of a main shaft chuck of diamond turning equipment, a transition adapter is designed and installed on the main shaft chuck of the equipment, and two end faces of the adapter are precisely turned into a mirror face with the parallelism smaller than 0.005mm so as to ensure the central deviation of the lens caused by the axial inclination of an optical axis; the adapter is connected with a clamp for mounting the lens, and meanwhile, for parts with large mass, a method of combining spindle vacuum adsorption and bonding of the lens edge and the clamp by sealing adhesive is adopted, so that dynamic balance unbalance of the clamp and the parts caused by large mass of the parts in the machining process and safety in the manufacturing process are ensured, and precise turning of the large-caliber infrared material lens is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a processing method;
FIG. 2 is an illustration of a turning concave surface clamping;
FIG. 3 shows an exemplary clamping process for turning a convex surface.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, contents, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
Referring to fig. 1, the diamond turning method for the large-caliber germanium single crystal lens comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: mounting adapter and precisely turning adapter
Fixing the adapter which is turned and molded by a common lathe on a main shaft of a diamond turning machine tool, and precisely turning two end surfaces respectively to ensure that the two end surfaces form a mirror surface with the parallelism difference of less than 0.005 mm; a first end face of one end of the adapter is attached to the mounting seat of the turning machine tool and fixed on the mounting seat of the turning machine tool by adopting a countersunk head bolt;
the second step is that: mounting lens fixture and precision turning fit interface
The bottom surface of a lens clamp which is turned and formed by a common lathe is arranged on a second end surface at the other end of the adapter, a step through hole is formed in the center of the lens clamp, the radius of the bottom through hole is smaller than that of the top through hole, an annular step is formed at the top through hole and used for arranging a lens blank to be turned, and the matching gap between the top through hole and the excircle of the lens blank is 0.02-0.04 mm; a concave arc surface is arranged at the corner between the top through hole and the bottom through hole, and the radian of the concave arc surface is consistent with the radian of the edge of the convex surface of the lens to be turned; the height of the top through hole is less than the height of the outer cylindrical surface of the lens blank;
the third step: adsorbing convex surface of lens and adhering
The convex surface of the milled and ground lens blank faces one side of the adapter, the lens blank is installed on a lens clamp as shown in the attached drawing 2, an adsorption switch of a diamond turning machine tool is started, and then a joint of the excircle of the bonded lens and the clamp is sealed by using bonding glue, so that the edge of the concave surface of the lens protrudes out of the clamp.
The fourth step: precision turning lens concave surface
After finishing the adsorption and the bonding, precisely turning the concave surface of the lens, and removing the residual amount of 0.1-0.2 mm;
the fifth step: bottom wall cleaning
Taking down the lens after the concave surface turning is finished, and cleaning;
and a sixth step: concave surface of adsorption lens and viscose
The cleaned concave surface of the lens blank faces one side of the adapter, the lens blank is arranged on a lens clamp as shown in the attached drawing 3, an adsorption switch of a diamond turning machine tool is started, and then the interface of the excircle of the bonded lens and the clamp is sealed by using bonding glue;
the seventh step: precision lathing of convex surface of lens
Precisely turning the convex surface of the lens after completing adsorption and bonding, and removing the balance of 0.1-0.2 mm;
eighth step: bottom wall cleaning
Taking down the lens after the convex surface turning, and cleaning two optical surfaces by alcohol ether mixed liquid;
the ninth step: examination of
Inspecting the surface defects and surface shape precision of the lens according to the national standard, and inspecting the edge thickness difference of the lens;
the tenth step: package (I)
And packaging the qualified lens by using lens paper and then putting the lens into a packaging box.
According to the technical scheme, the method can be universally used for diamond turning ultra-precision machining of the large-size and heavy-mass infrared crystal material lens, and the machining method solves the problem that the center deviation of the lens is easy to be out of tolerance on the premise of fully ensuring the surface defects and the surface shape precision of the lens; meanwhile, the dynamic balance unbalance of the clamp and the part caused by large part mass in the machining process and the safety of the manufacturing process are ensured, and the ultraprecise machining of the large-caliber infrared crystal material lens is realized. The effects of stable processing quality, improved efficiency and reduced cost are realized.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A diamond turning method for a large-caliber germanium single crystal lens is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first step is as follows: mounting an adapter and precisely turning the adapter;
the second step is that: installing a lens clamp and precisely turning a clamp to be matched with an interface of a lens to be turned;
the third step: the convex surface of the adsorption lens is arranged on the lens clamp and fixed by glue;
the fourth step: precisely turning the concave surface of the lens;
the fifth step: cleaning a lower disc;
and a sixth step: the concave surface of the adsorption lens is arranged on the lens clamp and fixed by glue;
the seventh step: precisely turning the convex surface of the lens;
eighth step: cleaning a lower disc;
the ninth step: checking;
the tenth step: packaging;
in the first step, an adapter piece formed by turning through a common lathe is fixed on a main shaft of a diamond turning machine tool, and two end faces are respectively precisely turned to form a mirror face with the parallel difference smaller than 0.005 mm; a first end face of one end of the adapter is attached to the mounting seat of the turning machine tool and fixed on the mounting seat of the turning machine tool by adopting a countersunk head bolt;
in the second step, the bottom surface of the lens clamp which is turned and molded by a common lathe is arranged on a second end surface at the other end of the adapter, a step through hole is formed in the center of the lens clamp, the radius of the bottom through hole is smaller than that of the top counter bore, an annular step is formed at the top counter bore and used for arranging a lens blank to be turned, and the matching gap between the top counter bore and the excircle of the lens blank is 0.02-0.04 mm; a concave arc surface is arranged at a corner between a counter bore at the top of the lens clamp and a through hole at the bottom of the lens clamp, and the radian of the concave arc surface is consistent with that of the edge of a convex surface of a lens to be turned; the height of a counter bore at the top of the lens clamp is smaller than the height of the outer cylindrical surface of the lens blank;
in the third step, the milled convex surface of the lens blank facing to one side of the adapter is arranged on a lens clamp, an adsorption switch of a diamond turning machine tool is started, and the interface between the excircle of the bonded lens and the clamp is sealed by using bonding glue, so that the edge of the concave surface of the lens protrudes out of the clamp;
in the fourth step, after the adsorption and the bonding are finished, precisely turning the concave surface of the lens, and removing the residual amount of 0.1-0.2 mm;
in the sixth step, the cleaned concave surface of the lens blank is arranged on the lens clamp towards one side of the adapter, an adsorption switch of the diamond turning machine tool is started, and then the interface of the excircle of the bonded lens and the clamp is sealed by using bonding glue;
in the seventh step, precisely turning the convex surface of the lens after completing the adsorption and the bonding, and removing the residual amount of 0.1-0.2 mm;
and in the eighth step, taking down the lens subjected to convex surface turning, and cleaning the two optical surfaces by using alcohol ether mixed liquor.
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| CN201911169224.4A CN111002493B (en) | 2019-11-26 | 2019-11-26 | Diamond turning method for large-caliber germanium single crystal lens |
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| CN201911169224.4A CN111002493B (en) | 2019-11-26 | 2019-11-26 | Diamond turning method for large-caliber germanium single crystal lens |
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| CN111002493B true CN111002493B (en) | 2022-03-29 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114147504B (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2023-04-11 | 江苏集萃精凯高端装备技术有限公司 | Lens fixing device and ultra-precise turning method of lens |
| CN114905638A (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-08-16 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Fixture for turning small-caliber aspheric diamond |
| CN116690317A (en) * | 2023-07-31 | 2023-09-05 | 南京茂莱光学科技股份有限公司 | Spherical lens processing method and processing device |
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