CN111001861A - Numerical control machining method for cavity in large aluminum alloy skirt body - Google Patents
Numerical control machining method for cavity in large aluminum alloy skirt body Download PDFInfo
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- CN111001861A CN111001861A CN201911305933.0A CN201911305933A CN111001861A CN 111001861 A CN111001861 A CN 111001861A CN 201911305933 A CN201911305933 A CN 201911305933A CN 111001861 A CN111001861 A CN 111001861A
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Abstract
A numerical control processing method for a cavity in a large aluminum alloy skirt body belongs to the field of machining; the processing method comprises the steps of rough machining → positioning and mounting → marking → carrying out regional rough milling in a mode of equal height layering → repositioning and mounting → carrying out finish milling in a mode of regional following the periphery → turning; according to the invention, the end milling cutter is adopted to roughly mill the cavity in the skirt body in a regional and layered manner, so that the problems of large cutting force, large part vibration and low feeding speed in the rough milling process of the ball head milling cutter are effectively solved, and the milling efficiency of the cavity in the skirt body is improved by more than 30%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of machining, and particularly relates to a numerical control machining method for a cavity in a large aluminum alloy skirt body.
Background
The skirt body is one of important component parts of a solid rocket engine shell and plays a role in connecting engines at all levels or other cabin sections of the solid rocket engine, the skirt body is designed to be a thin-wall annular rotary body, in order to reduce the weight of the skirt body, aluminum alloy is generally adopted as a material, the axial thickness of the inner surface of the skirt body at the position where the skirt body is connected with a flange is reduced at a non-bolt connecting part, and a concave-convex cavity is formed on the inner surface of the skirt body.
At present, the machining of the cavity on the inner surface of the skirt body is formed by a numerical control machine cutting machining method, machining tools selected for rough milling and finish milling are ball-end milling cutters, the rough machining and the finish machining are completed by feeding in a four-axis linkage mode along the circumferential direction, the cutting force of the ball-end milling cutter is large due to the fact that a chip pocket at the end part of the ball-end milling cutter is shallow, the front angle of a cutting edge is small, and when the rough machining cutting allowance is large, the skirt body is a thin-walled piece, the rigidity is poor, vibration is easy to generate when the large cutting force is applied, and the tool is broken.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows:
in order to avoid the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a numerical control machining method for the cavity in the large aluminum alloy skirt body, which adopts an end milling cutter to carry out regional and layered rough milling machining on the cavity in the skirt body, solves the problems of large vibration, easy tool striking, low feed rate and the like during milling of the cavity in the aluminum alloy skirt body, and greatly improves the machining efficiency of the cavity in the aluminum alloy skirt body.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a numerical control machining method for a cavity in a large aluminum alloy skirt body is characterized by comprising the following specific machining steps:
the method comprises the following steps: roughly machining a blank of a skirt body to be machined, wherein the blank of the skirt body to be machined is of an annular rotary body structure; reserving machining allowance on the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface of the skirt piece to be machined, and reserving a process step on the outer peripheral surface of a port at one end of the skirt piece to be machined;
step two: and (3) positioning and mounting the skirt piece on the surface of a boring and milling machine working table:
firstly, placing the skirt body after rough machining in the first step on a working table of a boring and milling machine, enabling the skirt body to be axially vertical to the working table of the boring and milling machine, and enabling the end face of one end of the skirt body, which is provided with the process step, to be attached to the working table of the boring and milling machine;
then, adjusting the axial direction of a cutter arranged on a spindle of the boring and milling machine to be a horizontal direction, and adjusting the central shaft of the skirt part to be superposed with the rotation center of the boring and milling machine;
finally, a plurality of pressing plates are arranged along the circumferential direction of the technological step of the skirt piece and are used for pressing and fixing the skirt piece on a workbench of a boring and milling machine;
step three: installing a centre or a scribing cutter on a main shaft of the boring and milling machine, and operating the boring and milling machine to scribe lines on the outer peripheral surface of the skirt body part through the centre or the scribing cutter, wherein the scribing lines are arranged downwards along the vertical direction from the outer edge of the upper end surface of the skirt body part and are used as alignment lines of a rotary shaft of a working table top of the boring and milling machine during finish machining;
step four: detaching a tip or a line cutter arranged on a main shaft of the boring and milling machine, and arranging an end milling cutter; roughly milling the cavity in the skirt part in a partitioned mode in an equal-height layered mode; the end milling cutter adopts a processing form of a fixed shaft outline in the axial direction during processing; a plurality of cubic lugs are processed on the upper end of the inner peripheral surface of the skirt body close to the outer edge along the circumferential direction; when each machining area is roughly milled, a machining allowance is reserved;
step five: after the rough milling processing in the step 4 is completed, completely loosening the pressing plate for pressing the skirt part, and releasing deformation of the workpiece caused by stress balance damage after the rough milling processing;
step six: repeating the step II, aligning and clamping the rough-milled skirt part again, mounting a tip on a main shaft of the boring and milling machine, rotating the rotary worktable of the boring and milling machine forward or reversely until the scribed line on the excircle of the skirt part is aligned with the tip, wherein the deviation between the tip and the scribed line is less than 0.3 mm;
step seven: then the center arranged on the spindle of the boring-milling machine is detached, a ball-end milling cutter is arranged, the cavity in the skirt body is finely milled in a way of following the periphery by regions, and the axial direction of the cutter during machining adopts a fixed shaft contour machining mode;
step eight: and C, completely loosening the pressing plates arranged in the circumferential direction of the skirt body after the finish milling in the step seven, dismounting the skirt body, performing machining on the inner surface, the outer surface and the process steps of the skirt body, and turning off the allowance and the process steps to finish the machining of the part.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the machining allowance in the step one is 2 mm-3 mm.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: and in the second step, a right-angle milling head is arranged on the main shaft of the boring and milling machine, and the axial direction of the cutter is adjusted to be the horizontal direction through the right-angle milling head.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the number of the pressing plates is 6-8.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: in the second step, the deviation between the central shaft of the skirt body part and the rotation center of the boring and milling machine is less than 0.1 mm; the adjusting method comprises the steps of installing a dial indicator on a main shaft or a main shaft box of the boring and milling machine, enabling a dial indicator head to be in contact with the outer circle of the skirt body part, rotating a rotary worktable of the boring and milling machine, adjusting the position of the skirt body part according to the change condition of the dial indicator value until the rotary worktable of the boring and milling machine rotates 360 degrees, and enabling the change quantity of the dial indicator value to be smaller than 0.1 mm.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the depth and the width of the scribed lines in the third step are not more than 0.2mm, and the length is 30 mm.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the specific operation of the fixed shaft contour machining mode in the fourth step is that the worktable of the boring and milling machine is not linked with the rotary central shaft of the boring and milling machine, and the cutter is axially fixed and moves along X, Y, Z circles to perform machining; after one area is machined, rotating a rotary worktable of the boring and milling machine to the next machining area, and then performing rough machining until all the machining areas are subjected to rough milling; and when each machining area is roughly machined, a machining allowance of 1 mm-1.5 mm is reserved.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the sub-area in the fourth step means that the area to be processed on the inner surface of the skirt part 1 is divided into a plurality of areas, the convex block is taken as the center when the area is divided, a first processing area dividing line and a second processing area dividing line 5 of one area are respectively positioned on an angular bisector between the convex block and two adjacent convex blocks on the left and right of the convex block, and the first processing area 4 is formed by dividing the area by the first processing area dividing line and the second processing area dividing line 5;
the processing mode of equal height layering refers to: the axial direction of the cutter is parallel to a central line 3 of the lug, which is positioned on the radial direction of the skirt body 1, the allowance of a processing area 4 is cut by layered processing, the cutting depth of each layer is equal and is 1 mm-1.5 mm, the milling mode is forward milling, and the processing step distance is 7.2 mm; after the first layer is machined, the cutter moves to the next layer for cutting until the rough machining of the area is finished, the rough machining mode leaves a step with the thickness of 1 mm-1.5 mm on the machined surface, and the step is removed after the fine machining.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the sub-area in the step seven is that the area to be processed on the inner surface of the skirt part 1 is divided into a plurality of areas, the convex block is taken as the center when the area is divided, a first processing area dividing line and a second processing area dividing line 5 of one area are respectively positioned on an angular bisector between the convex block and two adjacent left and right convex blocks of the convex block, and the first processing area dividing line and the second processing area dividing line 5 are used for dividing the area to form a first processing area 4;
the processing mode of following the periphery is that the processing path is the same as the shape of the dividing line around the selected processing area 4, a cutter is cut in from the center of the processing area, then the processing is carried out from the center outwards according to the shape of the periphery of the area until the boundary of the selected area is processed, and the processing step distance is 0.5 mm.
Advantageous effects
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the end milling cutter is adopted to roughly mill the cavity in the skirt body in a regional and layered mode, so that the problems of large cutting force, large part vibration and low feeding speed in the rough milling process of the ball head milling cutter are effectively solved, and the milling efficiency of the cavity in the skirt body is improved by over 30 percent.
2. After rough milling, all the pressing plates are loosened, new stress and deformation generated by the damage of the internal stress balance state of the part during rough milling are released, and errors generated by deformation are eliminated during finish machining, so that the size precision of the product is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a large aluminum alloy skirt part of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a turning state before milling in the present invention;
description of reference numerals: 1-a skirt part, 2-a first processing area parting line, 3-a lug center line, 4-a first processing area (an area enclosed by a thick solid line), 5-a second processing area parting line, 6-a lug, 7-a part state before milling, 8-a process step and 9-a processing coordinate system.
The specific embodiment leaves processing allowance for the inner surface and the outer surface to be processed
The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Step 1: the blank is machined on a numerical control vertical lathe to a state before milling of the inner cavity, as shown in a part 7 in figure 2, the part before milling is in the shape of an annular revolving body, the shape of a section bus of the part is the maximum containing size, 2-3 mm allowance is reserved on the outer surface and the inner surface of the skirt body after rough machining, and a process step 8 is reserved on the outer circle of one end of the skirt body, so that the blank is convenient to clamp when the inner cavity is milled by numerical control.
Step 2: after the step 1 is finished, the end face of one end of the part 7 with the process step is contacted with the surface of a boring and milling machine workbench and is vertically placed on the workbench, and one end of the inner cavity to be processed is arranged above. A right-angle milling head is arranged on a main shaft of the machine tool, so that the axial direction of a cutter is kept in a horizontal state; if a five-axis boring and milling machine is adopted, the axial direction of the cutter is adjusted to be horizontal by rotating the B axis. The alignment part axis coincides with lathe workstation centre of rotation, and the deviation is less than 0.1mm, installs the percentage table on main shaft or headstock, with the contact of percentage table head and part excircle, rotatory lathe rotary worktable according to the change of percentage table condition, adjusts the part position, until the workstation rotates 360, the change of percentage table value is less than 0.1 mm. 6-8 pressing plates are used for pressing the process steps 8 of the part 7 from the outer circle, the pressing plates are distributed along the circumference to be approximately uniform, the pressing force is uniform, and the part cannot be loosened in the machining process.
Setting an original point of a processing coordinate system 9, setting a rotary center of a rotary table of the boring and milling machine as a processing original point of a X, Y shaft of the machine tool, and setting an intersection point of the upper end surface of the skirt part and the rotary central shaft of the rotary table of the boring and milling machine as a processing original point of a Z shaft of the boring and milling machine; and then operating the rotary worktable of the boring and milling machine to return to the initial zero position and setting the rotary worktable as the processing origin of the C shaft of the boring and milling machine.
And step 3: rotating the rotary worktable to a processing origin, namely C0, installing a tip or a line scribing knife on a main shaft of the machine tool, moving an X axis of the machine tool to the processing origin X0, operating the machine tool to vertically scribe a line on the excircle of the part, wherein the length of the scribed line is about 30mm from the upper end surface downwards, and the depth and the width of the scribed line are not more than 0.2mm and are used as alignment lines of the C axis during fine processing.
And 4, step 4: after the step 3 is finished, installing a phi 12mm and 3-tooth hard alloy end milling cutter on a main shaft of the machine tool, carrying out regional rough milling on the inner cavity of the skirt part 1 in a manner of equal height layering at the main shaft rotating speed of 4000r/min and the feeding amount of 1800 mm/min; the processing depth of each layer is 1 mm-1.5 mm, the processing step pitch is 7.2mm, fixed shaft contour processing is adopted during processing, the rotating shafts are not linked, after the first area 4 is processed, the rotating workbench rotates to the next processing area, rough processing is carried out again until all the processing areas are subjected to rough milling processing. And when each area is roughly processed, a processing allowance of 1 mm-1.5 mm is reserved.
And 5: and (4) after the rough machining in the step (4) is completed, completely loosening the pressing plate of the pressing part, and releasing the deformation of the workpiece caused by stress balance damage after the rough milling.
Step 6: and (3) aligning and clamping the part again according to the step (2), mounting a tip on a main shaft of the machine tool, moving the X shaft of the machine tool to the position X0, rotating the worktable in the forward direction or the reverse direction until the scribed line on the excircle of the part is aligned with the tip, wherein the deviation between the tip and the scribed line is less than 0.3 mm.
And 7: and (6) after the step 6 is finished, installing a phi 12mm and 2-tooth hard alloy ball end mill on a machine tool main shaft, wherein the main shaft is rotated at 6000r/min, the feeding amount is 2000mm/min, the machining step pitch is 0.5mm, performing finish milling on a first machining area 4 of a cavity in the part by adopting a mode of following the periphery by areas, machining by adopting contour machining of a fixed shaft, not linking a rotating shaft, rotating a working table to the next machining area after one area is machined, and performing finish milling again until all the machining areas are finished by finish milling.
And 8: and 7, after the step 7 is completed, completely loosening the pressing plate, dismounting the part, and performing finish turning on the inner surface, the outer surface and the process step of the part to complete the processing of the part.
The processing mode of zoning and equal height layering in the step 4 refers to that: and (4) zoning: dividing an area to be processed on the inner surface of the part 1 into a plurality of areas, taking a lug as a center during division, respectively positioning dividing lines 2 and 5 on angle bisectors between the lug to be processed and two adjacent left and right lugs of the lug to be processed, and dividing the lug to be processed and the two adjacent right and left lugs by the dividing lines 2 and 5 to form a first processing area 4; processing equal height layers: the cutter shaft is parallel to the central line 3 of the lug in the processing area, the allowance of the processing area 4 is cut in layers, the cutting depth of each layer is equal and is 1-1.5 mm, the milling mode is forward milling, the processing step pitch is 7.2mm, after the first layer is processed, the cutter moves to the next layer for cutting until the rough processing of the area is completed, the rough processing mode leaves steps of 1-1.5 mm on the processed surface, and the steps are removed after the fine processing.
The processing mode of the sub-region following periphery in the step 7 is as follows: and (4) zoning: and (4) zoning: dividing an area to be processed on the inner surface of the part 1 into a plurality of areas, taking a lug as a center during division, respectively positioning dividing lines 2 and 5 on angle bisectors between the lug to be processed and two adjacent left and right lugs of the lug to be processed, and dividing the lug to be processed and the two adjacent right and left lugs by the dividing lines 2 and 5 to form a first processing area 4; following the perimeter: it means that the machining path has the same shape as the periphery of the selected machining area 4 (thick solid line in fig. 1), and the tool is cut into the center of the machining area and then fed outward from the center in the shape of the periphery of the area until the machining is performed to the boundary of the selected area, and the machining step distance is 0.5 mm.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A numerical control machining method for a cavity in a large aluminum alloy skirt body is characterized by comprising the following specific machining steps:
the method comprises the following steps: roughly machining a blank of a skirt body to be machined, wherein the blank of the skirt body to be machined is of an annular rotary body structure; reserving machining allowance on the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface of the skirt piece to be machined, and reserving a process step on the outer peripheral surface of a port at one end of the skirt piece to be machined;
step two: and (3) positioning and mounting the skirt piece on the surface of a boring and milling machine working table:
firstly, placing the skirt body after rough machining in the first step on a working table of a boring and milling machine, enabling the skirt body to be axially vertical to the working table of the boring and milling machine, and enabling the end face of one end of the skirt body, which is provided with the process step, to be attached to the working table of the boring and milling machine;
then, adjusting the axial direction of a cutter arranged on a spindle of the boring and milling machine to be a horizontal direction, and adjusting the central shaft of the skirt part to be superposed with the rotation center of the boring and milling machine;
finally, a plurality of pressing plates are arranged along the circumferential direction of the technological step of the skirt piece and are used for pressing and fixing the skirt piece on a workbench of a boring and milling machine;
step three: installing a centre or a scribing cutter on a main shaft of the boring and milling machine, and operating the boring and milling machine to scribe lines on the outer peripheral surface of the skirt body part through the centre or the scribing cutter, wherein the scribing lines are arranged downwards along the vertical direction from the outer edge of the upper end surface of the skirt body part and are used as alignment lines of a rotary shaft of a working table top of the boring and milling machine during finish machining;
step four: detaching a tip or a line cutter arranged on a main shaft of the boring and milling machine, arranging an end milling cutter, and carrying out regional rough milling on the cavity in the skirt part in a mode of equal height layering; the end milling cutter adopts a processing form of a fixed shaft outline in the axial direction during processing; a plurality of cubic lugs are processed on the upper end of the inner peripheral surface of the skirt body close to the outer edge along the circumferential direction; when each machining area is roughly milled, a machining allowance is reserved;
step five: after the rough milling processing in the step 4 is completed, completely loosening the pressing plate for pressing the skirt part, and releasing deformation of the workpiece caused by stress balance damage after the rough milling processing;
step six: repeating the step II, aligning and clamping the rough-milled skirt part again, mounting a tip on a main shaft of the boring and milling machine, rotating the rotary worktable of the boring and milling machine forward or reversely until the scribed line on the excircle of the skirt part is aligned with the tip, wherein the deviation between the tip and the scribed line is less than 0.3 mm;
step seven: then the center arranged on the spindle of the boring-milling machine is detached, a ball-end milling cutter is arranged, the cavity in the skirt body is finely milled in a way of following the periphery by regions, and the axial direction of the cutter during machining adopts a fixed shaft contour machining mode;
step eight: and C, completely loosening the pressing plates arranged in the circumferential direction of the skirt body after the finish milling in the seventh step, dismounting the skirt body, performing machining on the inner surface, the outer surface and the process steps of the skirt body, and turning off the allowance and the process steps to finish the machining of the skirt body.
2. The numerical control machining method for the cavity in the large aluminum alloy skirt body according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the machining allowance in the step one is 2 mm-3 mm.
3. The numerical control machining method for the cavity in the large aluminum alloy skirt body according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: and in the second step, a right-angle milling head is arranged on the main shaft of the boring and milling machine, and the axial direction of the cutter is adjusted to be the horizontal direction through the right-angle milling head.
4. The numerical control machining method for the cavity in the large aluminum alloy skirt body according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the number of the pressing plates is 6-8.
5. The numerical control machining method for the cavity in the large aluminum alloy skirt body according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the second step, the deviation between the central shaft of the skirt body part and the rotation center of the boring and milling machine is less than 0.1 mm; the adjusting method comprises the steps of installing a dial indicator on a main shaft or a main shaft box of the boring and milling machine, enabling a dial indicator head to be in contact with the outer circle of the skirt body part, rotating a rotary worktable of the boring and milling machine, adjusting the position of the skirt body part according to the change condition of the dial indicator value until the rotary worktable of the boring and milling machine rotates 360 degrees, and enabling the change quantity of the dial indicator value to be smaller than 0.1 mm.
6. The numerical control machining method for the cavity in the large aluminum alloy skirt body according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the depth and the width of the scribed lines in the third step are not more than 0.2mm, and the length is 30 mm.
7. The numerical control machining method for the cavity in the large aluminum alloy skirt body according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the specific operation of the fixed shaft contour machining mode in the fourth step is that the worktable of the boring and milling machine is not linked with the rotary central shaft of the boring and milling machine, and the cutter is axially fixed and moves along X, Y, Z circles to perform machining; after one area is machined, rotating a rotary worktable of the boring and milling machine to the next machining area, and then performing rough machining until all the machining areas are subjected to rough milling; and when each machining area is roughly machined, a machining allowance of 1 mm-1.5 mm is reserved.
8. The numerical control machining method for the cavity in the large aluminum alloy skirt body according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the sub-area in the fourth step means that the area to be processed on the inner surface of the skirt part 1 is divided into a plurality of areas, the convex block is taken as the center when the area is divided, a first processing area dividing line and a second processing area dividing line 5 of one area are respectively positioned on an angular bisector between the convex block and two adjacent convex blocks on the left and right of the convex block, and the first processing area 4 is formed by dividing the area by the first processing area dividing line and the second processing area dividing line 5;
the processing mode of equal height layering refers to: the axial direction of the cutter is parallel to a central line 3 of the lug, which is positioned on the radial direction of the skirt body 1, the allowance of a processing area 4 is cut by layered processing, the cutting depth of each layer is equal and is 1 mm-1.5 mm, the milling mode is forward milling, and the processing step distance is 7.2 mm; after the first layer is machined, the cutter moves to the next layer for cutting until the rough machining of the area is finished, the rough machining mode leaves a step with the thickness of 1 mm-1.5 mm on the machined surface, and the step is removed after the fine machining.
9. The numerical control machining method for the cavity in the large aluminum alloy skirt body according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the sub-area in the step seven is that the area to be processed on the inner surface of the skirt part 1 is divided into a plurality of areas, the convex block is taken as the center when the area is divided, a first processing area dividing line and a second processing area dividing line 5 of one area are respectively positioned on an angular bisector between the convex block and two adjacent left and right convex blocks of the convex block, and the first processing area dividing line and the second processing area dividing line 5 are used for dividing the area to form a first processing area 4;
the processing mode of following the periphery is that the processing path is the same as the shape of the dividing line around the selected processing area 4, a cutter is cut in from the center of the processing area, then the processing is carried out from the center outwards according to the shape of the periphery of the area until the boundary of the selected area is processed, and the processing step distance is 0.5 mm.
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| CN111531333A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-08-14 | 三河建华高科有限责任公司 | Method for processing special-shaped thin-wall shell part |
| CN112230602A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2021-01-15 | 广州中望龙腾软件股份有限公司 | Cavity secondary rough cutter path planning method and device and storage medium |
| CN112589168A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-04-02 | 航天科工哈尔滨风华有限公司 | Method for machining inner cavity of special-shaped thin-wall cabin section |
| CN112605681A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-06 | 西安航天动力机械有限公司 | Clamping tool and method for aluminum alloy skirt body of solid rocket engine |
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