CN112589168B - Method for machining inner cavity of special-shaped thin-wall cabin section - Google Patents
Method for machining inner cavity of special-shaped thin-wall cabin section Download PDFInfo
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- CN112589168B CN112589168B CN202011406001.8A CN202011406001A CN112589168B CN 112589168 B CN112589168 B CN 112589168B CN 202011406001 A CN202011406001 A CN 202011406001A CN 112589168 B CN112589168 B CN 112589168B
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Abstract
A method for processing an inner cavity of a special-shaped thin-wall cabin section belongs to the field of large-scale cabin section processing. The invention comprises the following steps: arranging process blocks at four quadrant positions at two ends of a casting blank of the special-shaped cabin body; detecting the blank by adopting a three-dimensional scanner, and determining whether the casting allowance meets the machining requirement; determining a part processing zero point according to the three-dimensional scanning detection data, processing the appearance and the end face of the part in a horizontal state, processing the surfaces of the process blocks at two ends and recording actual values; the special-shaped end face of the part faces downwards, the circular end face faces upwards, the pressing plate presses the outer shape process block to be firmly clamped, the surface of the processed process block is measured by a machine tool probe, and the rotation center of the circular end face is determined to be a processing zero point; processing the special-shaped curved surface of the inner cavity by adopting a three-axis machine tool and a right-angle milling head; and repeatedly processing the special-shaped curved surfaces of the inner cavities with different angles until the inner cavities of the parts are processed. The invention aims to solve the problems of high unit price, poor equipment rigidity, inapplicability to large-cutting-amount processing and high cost of the existing processing method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for processing an inner cavity of a special-shaped thin-wall cabin section, and belongs to the field of large-scale cabin section processing.
Background
With the continuous development of aerospace technology, most large cabin sections are changed from a circular structure to a special-shaped structure. The inner surface and the outer surface of the special-shaped cabin section are both formed by irregular curved surfaces, and the special-shaped cabin section has the characteristics of grid structure, thin wall, complex structure, poor rigidity and the like. The typical processing method of the inner cavity of the special-shaped cabin section at present is to adopt a four-axis or five-axis processing center to process, and finish the processing of the special-shaped curved surface of the inner cavity by a multi-axis linkage numerical control processing program. When a four-axis or five-axis machining center machine is adopted, the unit price is high, the equipment rigidity is poor, and the machine is not suitable for large-cutting-amount machining, so that the machining period of special-shaped cabin section products is long, and the manufacturing cost is high.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide a method for processing an inner cavity of a special-shaped thin-walled cabin section to solve the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention is developed to solve the problems of long processing period and high manufacturing cost of special-shaped cabin type products caused by high unit price and poor equipment rigidity when a four-axis or five-axis processing center machine is used, and is not suitable for processing large cutting amount. It should be understood that this summary is not an exhaustive overview of the invention. It is not intended to determine the key or critical elements of the present invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for processing an inner cavity of a special-shaped thin-wall cabin section is characterized in that a three-axis machine tool is matched with a right-angle milling head to realize full-shape processing of a curved surface of the inner cavity of the special-shaped cabin body, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 2, detecting the blank by adopting a three-dimensional scanner, determining whether the casting allowance meets the requirement of adding the machine, if so, performing step 3, and if not, repeating the previous step for adjustment;
step 3, determining a part processing zero point according to the three-dimensional scanning detection data, processing the appearance and the end face of the part in a horizontal state, processing the surfaces of the process blocks at two ends and recording actual values;
step 4, the special-shaped end face of the part faces downwards, the circular end face faces upwards, the pressing plate presses the appearance process block, the clamping is firm, the surface of the process block processed in the step 3 is measured by a machine tool probe, and the rotation center of the circular end face is determined to be a processing zero point;
step 5, processing the special-shaped curved surface of the inner cavity by adopting a three-axis machine tool and a right-angle milling head in the clamping state of the step 4;
and 6, repeating the step 5 to process the special-shaped curved surfaces of the inner cavities with different angles respectively until the inner cavities of the parts are processed.
In order to solve the problem of specific processing steps of a three-axis machine tool and a right-angle milling head for processing an inner cavity special-shaped curved surface, the technical scheme is as follows:
and 5, processing the special-shaped curved surface of the inner cavity by adopting a three-axis machine tool and a right-angle milling head, wherein the specific processing steps are as follows:
step a, a right-angle milling head is installed on a three-axis machine tool, the axis of a cutter of the right-angle milling head is parallel to the X axis of the machine tool, the Z axis of the machine tool is operated to a processing zero point, then the tip of the right-angle milling head is moved to the end face of a process block, the contact between the tip and the surface of the process block is ensured, the Z axis moving distance S of the machine tool is recorded, and the distance S minus the X coordinate on the surface of the process block is the Z axis distance L between the tip of the right-angle milling head and the machine tool;
b, according to the distance L between the tool nose of the right-angle milling head and the Z axis of the machine tool and the included angle between the cutter shaft and the X axis, adopting two-dimensional drawing software, drawing a circle by taking L as a radius, equally dividing the whole circle according to a central angle of 30 degrees, and determining the coordinate value of the tool nose according to a tool nose coordinate calculation schematic diagram of the right-angle milling head, wherein the tool nose calculation formula is as follows:
x = L × sin α formula (1);
y = L × cos α formula (2);
wherein alpha is an included angle between the cutter shaft and the X axis;
c, adjusting the right-angle milling head to form a certain angle with the X axis of the machine tool and locking the right-angle milling head;
d, after the Z-axis center of the machine tool is moved to the rotation center of the part, setting the coordinate value of the tool nose point of the corresponding angle according to the tool nose calculation formula in the step b;
and e, in the three-dimensional digifax, setting the rotation center position of the circular end surface of the part as a processing coordinate system, programming a three-axis numerical control processing program under the coordinate system, enabling a program cutter shaft to be parallel to a right-angle milling head cutter shaft, and finishing the processing of the special-shaped curved surface of the inner cavity in the direction after the program is post-processed.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the method for processing the inner cavity of the special-shaped thin-wall cabin section, the molded surface of the inner cavity of the special-shaped cabin body is processed only by matching the three-axis machine tool with the right-angle milling head, so that the problem of tool setting of the three-axis machine tool when a cutter shaft is not parallel to an X axis is solved;
2. according to the method for machining the inner cavity of the special-shaped thin-wall cabin section, the cutter length can be adjusted according to the deformation state of the part, and the machining precision of the product is guaranteed;
3. according to the method for machining the inner cavity of the special-shaped thin-wall cabin section, the rigidity of the adopted three-axis machine tool is far greater than that of a five-axis machine tool, and large cutting amount can be adopted for machining, so that the machining efficiency is improved, and the manufacturing cost of a product is reduced;
4. the method for processing the inner cavity of the special-shaped thin-wall cabin section has the advantages of ingenious design, simple and easy processing method, strong practicability and suitability for popularization and use;
drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a process block installation at both ends of a part;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of zero point of part processing
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the calculation of the tool nose coordinate of the right-angle milling head;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a part configuration;
FIG. 5 isbase:Sub>A view of the A-A structure of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a horizontally clamped state of a part;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a part in a vertical clamping state;
FIG. 1-Process Block 1
Detailed Description
In order that the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent, the invention will be described by way of example only, and in connection with the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that such description is merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
The connection mentioned in the present invention is divided into a fixed connection and a detachable connection, the fixed connection (i.e. the non-detachable connection) includes but is not limited to a folding connection, a rivet connection, an adhesive connection, a welding connection, and other conventional fixed connection manners, the detachable connection includes but is not limited to a screw connection, a snap connection, a pin connection, a hinge connection, and other conventional detachable manners, when the specific connection manner is not clearly defined, the default is to always find at least one connection manner among the existing connection manners to achieve the function, and a person skilled in the art can select the connection manner as required. For example: the fixed connection selects welding connection, and the detachable connection selects hinge connection.
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 7, and the method for processing the inner cavity of the special-shaped thin-wall cabin section is suitable for processing the inner cavity of the special-shaped thin-wall cabin section, and a three-axis machine tool is matched with a right-angle milling head to realize full-profile processing of the curved surface of the inner cavity of the special-shaped cabin body, so that the product is not overweight, and the typical wall thickness of the machined part is required to be the same as that of the machined part
The method comprises the following specific steps:
step 2, detecting and adjusting the blank by adopting a three-dimensional scanner, determining whether the minimum machining allowance of the inner cavity and the shape of the part is larger than 2mm, if so, performing step 3, and if not, repeating the previous step for adjustment;
step 3, determining a part processing zero point according to the three-dimensional scanning detection data, as shown in fig. 2, processing the appearance and the end face of the part in a horizontal state, processing 8 positions on the surfaces of the process blocks 1 at two ends, recording the normal distance value from the surface of the process block 1 to the processing zero point, and reversely pushing the part processing zero point according to the recorded value in the subsequent processing process;
step 4, the special-shaped end face of the part faces downwards, the circular end face faces upwards, the pressing plate presses the appearance process block 1 to be firmly clamped, the normal distance from the surface of the process block 1 processed in the step 3 to a processing zero point is measured by a machine tool probe, and the rotation center of the circular end face is reversely pushed out to be the processing zero point through the distance, as shown in fig. 2;
step 5, processing the special-shaped curved surface of the inner cavity by adopting a three-axis machine tool and a right-angle milling head in the clamping state of the step 4;
and 6, repeating the step 5 to process the special-shaped curved surfaces of the inner cavities with different angles respectively until the inner cavities of the parts are processed.
The second embodiment is as follows: with reference to fig. 1 to 7, the embodiment is described, and based on the first embodiment, the method for processing the inner cavity of the special-shaped thin-walled cabin segment in the embodiment includes, in step 5, the following specific processing steps of processing the special-shaped curved surface of the inner cavity by using a three-axis machine and a right-angle milling head:
step a, a right-angle milling head is installed on a three-axis machine tool, the axis of a cutter of the right-angle milling head is straightened to be parallel to the X axis of the machine tool, the Z axis of the machine tool is firstly operated to a processing zero point, then the cutter point of the right-angle milling head is moved to the end surface of a process block 1, the cutter point is ensured to be tangent to the surface of the process block 1, the moving distance S of the Z axis of the machine tool is recorded, and the distance S minus the X coordinate of the surface of the process block 1 is the distance L between the cutter point of the right-angle milling head and the Z axis of the machine tool;
and b, drawing a circle by using L as a radius according to the distance L between the tool tip of the right-angle milling head and the Z axis of the machine tool and the included angle between the cutter shaft and the X axis, wherein the circle center is the center of the rotary curved surface of the special-shaped cabin section part in the drawing 1, the center is the processing zero point of an XY plane in part processing, the positive direction of the X axis is used as a starting point in the drawing, the whole circle is divided into 12 equal parts (each central angle is 30 degrees), and each angle is the cutter shaft direction of the right-angle milling head for time adding of the special-shaped cabin section, and the special-shaped cabin section is divided into 12 parts for processing by the method. The radius in the figure is the distance L between the tool nose of the right-angle milling head and the Z axis of the machine tool when the Z axis of the machine tool moves to the processing zero point, the numerical value L is firstly calculated before processing at each angle, then the machining is carried out after the coordinate of the tool nose is calculated according to the rotation angle of the right-angle milling head and a formula, and the calculation formula of the tool nose is as follows:
x = L × sin α formula (1);
y = L × cos α formula (2);
wherein alpha is an included angle between the cutter shaft and the X axis;
c, adjusting the angle between the right-angle milling head and the X axis of the machine tool to be consistent with a certain angle in the figure 1 and locking the right-angle milling head;
d, after the Z-axis center of the machine tool is moved to the rotation center of the part, referring to the angle of the right-angle milling head in the step c, and setting the coordinate value of the tool nose point of the corresponding angle according to the tool nose calculation formula in the step b;
and e, in the three-dimensional digifax, setting the rotation center position of the circular end surface of the part as a processing coordinate system, programming a three-axis numerical control processing program under the coordinate system, enabling a program cutter shaft to be parallel to a right-angle milling head cutter shaft, and finishing the processing of the special-shaped curved surface of the inner cavity in the direction after the program is post-processed.
It should be noted that the related special-shaped thin-wall cabin section is an important product of a certain type of unmanned aerial vehicle, the material is cast steel 310-570, the part is of a large-size special-shaped thin-wall structure, the maximum excircle diameter is 1000mm, the diameter of the special-shaped end is about 800mm, the height is 1200mm, and the typical wall thickness is
The inner cavity is provided with a ring rib and four longitudinal ribs, as shown in figures 2-5.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the orientation words such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom", etc. are usually based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and in the case of not making a reverse description, these orientation words do not indicate and imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore, should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention; the terms "inner and outer" refer to the inner and outer relative to the profile of the respective component itself.
For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "over 8230," "upper surface," "above," and the like may be used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of one device or feature to other devices or features as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is turned over, devices described as "above" or "on" other devices or configurations would then be oriented "below" or "under" the other devices or configurations. Thus, the exemplary terms "at 8230; \8230; above" may include both orientations "at 8230; \8230; above" and "at 8230; \8230; below". The device may be otherwise variously oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of this application and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the application described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein.
It should be noted that, in the above embodiments, as long as the technical solutions can be aligned and combined without contradiction, those skilled in the art can exhaust all possibilities according to the mathematical knowledge of the alignment and combination, and therefore, the present invention does not describe the technical solutions after alignment and combination one by one, but it should be understood that the technical solutions after alignment and combination have been disclosed by the present invention.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for processing an inner cavity of a special-shaped thin-wall cabin section is characterized in that a three-axis machine tool is matched with a right-angle milling head to realize full-profile processing of a curved surface of the inner cavity of the special-shaped cabin body, and the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, arranging process blocks at four quadrant positions at two ends of a casting blank of a special-shaped cabin body;
step 2, detecting the blank by adopting a three-dimensional scanner, determining whether the casting allowance meets the requirement of a machine, if so, performing step 3, and if not, repeating the previous step for adjustment;
step 3, determining a part processing zero point according to the three-dimensional scanning detection data, processing the appearance and the end face of the part in a horizontal state, processing the surfaces of the process blocks at two ends and recording actual values;
step 4, the special-shaped end face of the part faces downwards, the circular end face faces upwards, the pressing plate presses the appearance process block, the clamping is firm, the surface of the process block processed in the step 3 is measured by a machine tool probe, and the rotation center of the circular end face is determined to be a processing zero point;
step 5, processing the special-shaped curved surface of the inner cavity by adopting a three-axis machine tool and a right-angle milling head in the clamping state of the step 4;
the specific processing steps are as follows:
step a, a right-angle milling head is installed on a three-axis machine tool, the axis of a cutter of the right-angle milling head is parallel to the X axis of the machine tool, the Z axis of the machine tool is operated to a processing zero point, then the cutter point of the right-angle milling head is moved to the end surface of a process block, the cutter point is ensured to be tangent to the surface of the process block, the moving distance S of the Z axis of the machine tool is recorded, and the distance L between the cutter point of the right-angle milling head and the Z axis of the machine tool is obtained by subtracting the X coordinate of the surface of the process block from the distance S;
b, according to the distance L between the tool nose of the right-angle milling head and the Z axis of the machine tool and the included angle between the cutter shaft and the X axis, adopting two-dimensional drawing software, drawing a circle by taking L as a radius, equally dividing the whole circle by a central angle of 30 degrees, and determining the coordinate value of the tool nose according to a tool nose coordinate calculation schematic diagram of the right-angle milling head, wherein the tool nose calculation formula is as follows:
x = L × sin α formula (1);
y = L × cos α formula (2);
wherein alpha is an included angle between the cutter shaft and the X axis;
c, adjusting the right-angle milling head to form a certain angle with the X axis of the machine tool and locking the right-angle milling head;
d, after the Z-axis center of the machine tool is operated to the rotation center of the part, setting the coordinate value of the tool nose point of the corresponding angle according to the tool nose calculation formula in the step b;
step e, in the three-dimensional digifax, setting the position of the rotation center of the circular end surface of the part as a processing coordinate system, programming a three-axis numerical control processing program under the coordinate system, enabling a program cutter shaft to be parallel to a right-angle milling head cutter shaft, and finishing the processing of the special-shaped curved surface of the inner cavity in the direction after the program post-processing;
and 6, repeating the step 5 to process the special-shaped curved surfaces of the inner cavities with different angles respectively until the inner cavities of the parts are processed.
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| CN114083064B (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2023-01-10 | 北京星航机电装备有限公司 | Method for processing ultra-large thin-wall weak-rigidity cabin |
| CN114211206B (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-10-25 | 北京星航机电装备有限公司 | Method for processing multi-cavity casting cabin body of revolving body |
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