CN112222947A - Secondary tool setting method for 3+ 2-axis machine tool machining - Google Patents
Secondary tool setting method for 3+ 2-axis machine tool machining Download PDFInfo
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- CN112222947A CN112222947A CN202011010223.8A CN202011010223A CN112222947A CN 112222947 A CN112222947 A CN 112222947A CN 202011010223 A CN202011010223 A CN 202011010223A CN 112222947 A CN112222947 A CN 112222947A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q15/00—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
- B23Q15/20—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work before or after the tool acts upon the workpiece
- B23Q15/22—Control or regulation of position of tool or workpiece
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
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Abstract
The invention discloses a secondary tool setting method for machining a 3+ 2-axis machine tool, which comprises the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of initially setting a tool for a workpiece, and obtaining an initial processing origin coordinate of the workpiece and a vertex angle coordinate of a reference gauge block; step two: after the cutter is swung, acquiring a second cutter machining coordinate of the cutter point; step three: moving a movable part of the machine tool to enable the tool nose to be in contact fit with three adjacent outer surfaces of one vertex angle of the reference gauge block, and acquiring the actual coordinate of the tool nose; step four: and (5) comparing the actual coordinate of the tool tip with the processing coordinate of the second tool in the step two to obtain a tool tip coordinate compensation value, and inputting the coordinate compensation value of the processing coordinate of the second tool into the machine tool to finish secondary tool setting of the machine tool. Through adopting above-mentioned step, have and to realize on the tool bit cutter through around A axle or C axle rotatory swing back, carry out the secondary tool setting, reduce the function that the cutter on the tool bit appears the error.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machine tool setting, in particular to a secondary tool setting method for machining a 3+ 2-axis machine tool.
Background
The 3+ 2-axis machine tool is one of five-axis machine tools, the five-axis machine tool is also called a five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool, and has the characteristics of high efficiency and high precision, and a workpiece can be clamped once to finish the machining of a pentahedron. When the 3+ 2-axis machine tool is used for machining a die, a forming surface of a die core in the die usually forms a corresponding concave or convex special shape due to the shape of a product, a cutter on a tool bit of the machine tool is subjected to first tool setting in advance and then a workpiece fixed on a worktable in the machining process, but in order that the tool bit on the machine tool can well machine the workpiece, the angle of the tool bit rotating around the A axis or the C (B) axis is controlled according to a pre-programmed program to swing the tool bit, so that the axis of the tool bit is well opposite to the machining surface of the workpiece.
However, each time the tool bit of the machine tool swings once, the cutting point of the tool on the tool bit generates a certain error due to the rotation of the two rotating shafts, and usually, the error is not confirmed again or only a certain local position on the workpiece is tried to be machined, and the error needs to be performed on the tool bit in a diagonal direction again, so as to reduce the problem that the actual size of the machined workpiece is greatly deviated from the drawing size due to the error deviation of the tool bit position. However, since the work platform of the existing machine tool is already provided with the workpiece, and the surface of the workpiece is already subjected to the first step of chamfering in the early stage, it is difficult to perform secondary tool setting on the tool bit during the machining process of the workpiece.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a secondary tool setting method for machining a 3+ 2-axis machine tool, which can realize the function of performing secondary tool setting after a tool on a tool bit rotates and swings around an axis A or an axis C so as to reduce the error of the tool on the tool bit after the tool on the tool bit rotates successively around the axis A or the axis C.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a secondary tool setting method for machining a 3+2 shaft machine tool comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: fixing a workpiece on a working platform, moving the working platform along the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis directions, performing center-dividing tool setting on the workpiece fixed on the working platform by using a tool mounted on a machine head of a machine tool so as to determine a processing origin coordinate of the workpiece, and acquiring a first tool processing coordinate of a tool nose and a vertex angle coordinate of each vertex angle of a relatively fixed cubic reference gauge block in an extending state on the machine tool according to the determined processing origin coordinate of the workpiece;
step two: the machining directions of the machine head and the cutter are adjusted as required: rotating the machine head and the cutter around the axis A and the axis C to enable the machine head and the cutter of the machine tool to synchronously swing to proper positions and then fix, and acquiring a second cutter machining coordinate of the cutter point after swinging according to the swinging angles of the machine head and the cutter around the axis A and the axis C and the extension length of the cutter;
the tool rotates around the axis of the tool, so that the distances between the tool nose and three adjacent outer surfaces in one vertex angle of the relatively fixed reference gauge block in an extending state are gradually shortened, the tool nose is respectively contacted with the three adjacent outer surfaces in one vertex angle of the relatively fixed reference gauge block, the sensor on the tool bit senses current and triggers the sensor to work, the sensor is utilized to control the tool after the machine tool suspends the swing to move relative to the reference gauge block, and when the tool nose is contacted and attached with the three adjacent outer surfaces in one vertex angle of the reference gauge block, the actual coordinate of the tool nose is obtained, and the obtained actual coordinate is the coordinate of the vertex angle when the vertex angle of the reference gauge block is coincident with the tool nose;
step four: and finally, inputting a corresponding coordinate compensation value of the second cutter machining coordinate of the swung cutter point into the machine tool, so that the second cutter machining coordinate of the cutter far away from the machine tool is consistent with the actual coordinate, and thus secondary cutter setting after the cutter swings is completed.
Furthermore, in the third step, the machine head can only rotate around the axis A or the axis C but cannot move along the direction of the axis X, the axis Y or the axis Z, and the working platform of the machine tool can move along the direction of the axis X, the axis Y or the axis Z, so that the workpiece can be machined by the movable tool, and meanwhile, the contact fitting tool setting of the movable tool and the reference gauge block can be realized.
Further, numbering eight vertex angles of the reference gauge block: setting a serial number i ═ n (n is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 8, and n is an integer), and defining the vertex angle coordinate of the reference gauge block in the extending state on the working platform, the tool bit coordinate of the tool close to the machine head and the second tool machining coordinate of the tool tip as follows:
a (a, b, c): the coordinate value of the cutter head of the cutter close to the machine head is shown;
b (d, e, f): a second tool machining coordinate value of the tool nose;
ci (gi, hi, ji): a vertex angle coordinate value of a vertex angle with the number i of the reference gauge block;
d (k, m, p): a central coordinate value of the reference gauge block of a central point of the reference gauge block;
considering the overall length of the tool after swinging as a vector, namely AB ═ d-a, e-b, f-c;
the vector pointing from the center point to the vertex angle in the reference vector block is CiD ═ k-gi, m-hi, p-ji;
when vector AB and vector CiD satisfy simultaneously: (d-a) ((k-gi) > 0), (e-b) ((m-hi) > 0), (f-c) ((p-ji) > 0), namely, the direction of the tool nose pointing to the starting point of the tool close to the machine head is consistent with the direction of the center point of the reference gauge block pointing to the vertex angle with the number of i ═ n meeting the current condition, the direction points to the same space quadrant of the space coordinate system, the vertex angle number i value with the number of i ═ n of the reference gauge block and vertex angle coordinate data Ci (gi, hi, ji) of the vertex angle are output, then, step three is carried out, the tool nose is in contact joint with three adjacent outer surfaces in the vertex angle with the number of i ═ n of the reference gauge block, and finally, the actual coordinate value of the tool nose is obtained.
Further, in the third step: respectively aligning the tool tip with the outer surfaces of the reference gauge blocks parallel to an XY plane, an XZ plane and a YZ plane, respectively, shortening and approaching the distance between the tool tip and three adjacent outer surfaces in one vertex angle of the relatively fixed reference gauge blocks according to the relative motion by moving the working platform or the machine head, and setting the moving distance of the reference gauge blocks approaching the tool tip as follows:
when the distance between the end of the cutter far away from the tool rest and the corresponding outer surface of the reference gauge block is 2mm, the reference gauge block and the cutter are shortened by 0.1mm at a time;
when the distance between the end of the cutter far away from the tool rest and the corresponding outer surface of the reference gauge block is 1mm, the reference gauge block and the cutter are shortened by 0.01mm at a time;
when the spacing between the end of the tool remote from the tool holder and the corresponding outer surface of the reference gauge block is 0.5mm, the reference gauge block and the tool are shortened by 0.005mm at a time;
when the distance between the end of the cutter far away from the tool rest and the corresponding outer surface of the reference gauge block is 0.2mm, the reference gauge block and the cutter are shortened by 0.001mm at a time;
and the tail end of the cutter far away from the cutter frame is contacted and attached with the corresponding outer surface of the reference gauge block, and the sensor is triggered, so that the cutter or the working platform is suspended from moving, and then the coordinate value of the current cutter far away from the tail end of the cutter frame is recorded:
when the corresponding outer surface of the reference gauge block in contact with the tool tip is parallel to the XY plane, recording the Z value of the actual coordinate of the tool tip, namely the Z value of the coordinate of the corresponding outer surface of the reference gauge block; when the corresponding outer surface of the reference gauge block in contact with the tool nose is parallel to the XZ plane, recording the Y value of the actual coordinate of the tool nose, namely the Y value of the coordinate of the corresponding outer surface of the reference gauge block; when the corresponding outer surface of the reference gauge block in contact with the tool nose is parallel to the YZ plane, recording the X value of the actual coordinate of the tool nose, namely the X value of the coordinate of the corresponding outer surface of the reference gauge block; and finally, obtaining the actual coordinate of the tool nose, comparing the actual coordinate with the second tool machining coordinate with the zero tool nose, respectively obtaining the compensation values of the X-axis coordinate value, the Y-axis coordinate value and the Z-axis coordinate value in the coordinate of the swinging tool far away from the tail end of the tool rest, and then inputting the obtained compensation value of the second tool machining coordinate in the machine tool coordinate to compensate the error generated in the tool swinging process.
Further, the tool tip completes the first contact fitting on the outer surface corresponding to the reference gauge block, and after the corresponding coordinate value of the current actual coordinate of the tool tip is recorded, the reference gauge block or the tool moves reversely by 0.05mm, then the reference gauge block and the tool shorten the distance by 0.005mm each time, and after the shortened total distance is 0.05mm, whether the tool tip just contacts and fits with the outer surface of the reference gauge block is detected, so as to trigger the sensor; if so, selecting the corresponding coordinate value of the actual coordinate of the tool nose recorded last time; if not, the reference gauge block is continuously moved until the reference gauge block is contacted and attached with the tool nose, the sensor is triggered, and the actual coordinate value of the current tool nose is obtained.
Further, in the tool setting process, the tool rotates reversely around the axis of the tool.
Further, the reference gauge block in the method adopts the following structure: the 3+ 2-axis machine tool comprises a support frame, wherein the support frame is provided with an X-axis driving piece, a Y-axis driving piece and a Z-axis driving piece, the X-axis driving piece, the Y-axis driving piece and the Z-axis driving piece are connected with a working platform together, the support frame is provided with a machine head, a tool bit is arranged on the end face of the machine head, which faces the working platform, is detachably connected with a tool, the tool bit is provided with a sensor for detecting the current condition of the tool, the machine head is respectively connected with a rotating shaft of an A axis and a rotating shaft of a C axis through two sets of limiting pieces, a pushing piece is arranged on the working platform, the machine head faces the machine head, a reference gauge block is arranged at a pushing end of the pushing piece, the working platform is provided with an accommodating groove.
In the third step, the working platform of the machine tool is relatively fixed, and the machine head and the cutter can integrally move along the X-axis, the Y-axis or the Z-axis, so that the movable cutter can be used for machining a workpiece, and meanwhile, the movable cutter and the reference gauge block can be used for contact fitting and cutter setting.
Further, the reference gauge block in the method adopts the following structure: the 3+ 2-axis machine tool comprises a support frame, wherein the support frame is provided with a working platform, the top surface of the working platform is provided with a pushing piece, the extending end of the pushing piece is provided with a reference gauge block, the working platform is provided with a reference gauge block inserting storage groove, the reference gauge block is electrically connected with a power-on power supply, the support frame is provided with an X-axis driving piece, a Y-axis driving piece and a Z-axis driving piece, the X-axis driving piece, the Y-axis driving piece and the Z-axis driving piece are jointly connected with a machine head, the machine head faces to the end face of the working platform and is provided with a tool bit, the tool bit is detachably connected with a tool, the tool bit is provided with a sensor for detecting the current condition of the tool, and the machine.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. through the four steps, the tool of the machine tool is subjected to primary tool setting before secondary tool setting, so that the first tool processing coordinate position of the workpiece is determined, and the workpiece is conveniently subjected to initial processing; because the processing requirement is met, in order to reduce the abrasion of the cutter, the cutter needs to be correspondingly swung, so that the coordinate of the cutter far away from the machine head is changed, the second cutter processing coordinate of the cutter point after the cutter point is swung at present can be obtained according to the swinging angle of the machine head and the length of the cutter, the vertex angle coordinate of the vertex angle of the reference gauge block in the extending state also can be correspondingly changed, because the reference gauge block is in a square shape, and three adjacent edges of the vertex angle are correspondingly parallel to the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis of the machine tool, therefore, the reference gauge block is taken as a reference, the three adjacent outer surfaces of one vertex angle of the reference gauge block are respectively contacted and jointed with the cutter point by moving the working platform, the actual coordinate value of the end of the cutter point is obtained by contacting and jointing with the corresponding outer surfaces of the reference gauge block, and is compared with the second cutter processing coordinate of the cutter point obtained by the swinging angle and the cutter length in the, and finally, inputting a corresponding coordinate compensation value into the machine tool, so that the actual coordinate of the tool far away from the machine head is numerically compensated and is consistent with the actual coordinate value, thereby finishing the secondary tool setting of the machine tool.
2. The second cutter processing coordinate of tool bit coordinate and knife tip that is close to the aircraft nose through the definition cutter, thereby obtain the vector that the directional cutter of knife tip is close to between the aircraft nose initial point, simultaneously number through eight apex angles to benchmark gage block, so that distinguish the apex angle coordinate value of the eight apex angles of benchmark gage block, center coordinate through the central point of defining benchmark gage block, thereby obtain the vector of the apex angle of the directional benchmark gage block of central point of benchmark gage block, and foretell two vectors all express through the form of coordinate vector, when two vectors are located same space quadrant, then can satisfy simultaneously: (d-a) · (k-gi) >0, (e-b) · (m-hi) >0, (f-c) · (p-ji) >0, and the number is output to be i ═ n, so that the vertex angle position of the corresponding number in the reference gauge block is determined, and therefore three adjacent outer surfaces in the vertex angle position can be conveniently subjected to contact fitting subsequently, and the actual coordinate of the tool tip is obtained.
3. The condition that the reference gauge block is damaged due to the fact that the working platform moves too fast can be reduced by moving the working platform step by step to enable the reference gauge block to be close to the cutter gradually; in addition, the first contact fitting is completed, and then the first contact fitting is returned and moved for a certain distance for detection, so that the accuracy of the coordinate value obtained by the contact fitting of the reference gauge block and the knife edge can be improved, and the accuracy of the actual coordinate of the knife edge obtained by the reference gauge block can be improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a 3+ 2-axis machine tool according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the steps of the secondary tool setting for 3+2 axis machine tool machining of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of finding the vertex angle position of a reference gauge block according to the vector relationship by the tool with good swinging.
In the figure: 1. a working platform; 2. a receiving groove; 3. an X-axis drive member; 4. a Y-axis drive member; 5. a Z-axis drive member; 6. a machine head; 61. a cutter head; 62. a cutter; 7. a push cylinder; 8. a reference gauge block; 81. powering on a power supply; 9. a sensor.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments. In the present specification, the terms "upper", "inner", "middle", "left", "right" and "one" are used for clarity of description only, and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the modifications may be regarded as the scope of the present invention without substantial technical changes.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, 3+2 axle lathe, including the support frame (not shown in the figure), the support frame is provided with X axle driving piece 3, Y axle driving piece 4 and Z axle driving piece 5, X axle driving piece 3, Y axle driving piece 4 and Z axle driving piece 5 are the lead screw drive subassembly, X axle driving piece 3, Y axle driving piece 4 and Z axle driving piece 5 are connected with work platform 1 jointly, install aircraft nose 6 on the support frame, aircraft nose 6 is towards work platform 1's one end fixedly connected with tool bit 61, tool bit 61 is detachable to be connected with cutter 62, the sensor of detecting the cutter electric current condition is installed to tool bit 61, the sensor is current sensor 9, its type is: 1122-30Amp Current Sensor AC & DC, manufacturer: tianbangteng software, Inc. In order to realize the function of limiting the rotation of the machine head 6 around the X axis and the Z axis, wherein the rotating shaft of the machine head 6 rotating around the X axis is an A axis, and the rotating shaft rotating around the Z axis is a C axis, the machine head 6 simultaneously rotates with the A axis and the C axis, the machine head 6 respectively limits the rotating motion of the machine head 6 and the A axis and the C axis through two groups of limiting parts, the limiting parts are of a jackscrew structure, when a jackscrew is loosened, the machine head 6 can rotate and swing around the A axis or the C axis, and when the jackscrew is locked, the machine head 6 is limited to rotate. The embedded impeller that is fixed with of work platform 1, the impeller is push cylinder 7, push cylinder 7 accomodates completely with work platform 1 in, push cylinder 7's the end of stretching out perpendicular to work platform 1's the holding surface sets up towards aircraft nose 6, push cylinder 7's the end fixedly connected with reference gauge block 8 that stretches out, reference gauge block 8 is the square setting, three edges that arbitrary apex angle of reference gauge block 8 is adjacent respectively with the 3 length direction of X axle driving piece 3 of lathe, 4 length direction of Y axle driving piece and 5 length direction of Z axle driving piece are parallel to each other, work platform 1's holding surface is seted up and is supplied reference gauge block 8 male groove 2 of accomodating, when the lathe resets, reference gauge block 8 is accomodate in accomodating groove 2 completely, the terminal surface electric connection that reference gauge block 8 is close to tool bit 61 has circular telegram power 81, in order to let in the electric current on the reference gauge block.
Specifically, the 3+ 2-axis machine tool is provided with an X-axis driving piece, a Y-axis driving piece and a Z-axis driving piece, and a lead screw is used for driving the machine tool to move away, so that the working platform can move along the directions of an X axis, a Y axis and a Z axis; in addition, the push cylinder is accommodated and arranged on the working platform, the extension end of the reference gauge block and the extension end of the push cylinder are connected, when secondary tool setting is needed to be carried out on the tool, the reference gauge block can be extended through the push cylinder, when the secondary tool setting is not needed to be carried out on the tool, the reference gauge block can be accommodated in the accommodating groove through the push cylinder, and the condition of overall surface damage of the reference gauge block is reduced.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, based on the mechanical structure of the 3+2 axis machine tool with respect to the reference gauge block, a secondary tool setting method for machining the 3+2 axis machine tool comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of fixing a workpiece on a working platform, moving the working platform along the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, performing center-dividing tool setting on the workpiece fixed on the working platform by using a tool installed on a machine head of a machine tool, determining a machining origin coordinate of the workpiece, and acquiring a first tool machining coordinate of a tool tip and a vertex angle coordinate of each vertex angle of a relatively fixed cubic reference gauge block in an extending state on the machine tool according to the determined workpiece machining origin coordinate, wherein the tool tip is the tail end of the tool far away from the machine head.
Step two: the machining directions of the machine head and the cutter are adjusted as required: rotating the machine head and the cutter around the axis A and the axis C to enable the machine head and the cutter of the machine tool to synchronously swing to proper positions and then fix, and acquiring a second cutter machining coordinate of the cutter point after swinging according to the swinging angles of the machine head and the cutter around the axis A and the axis C and the extension length of the cutter;
step three: the tool rotates around the axis of the tool, so that the distances between the tool nose and three adjacent outer surfaces in one vertex angle of the relatively fixed reference gauge block in an extending state are gradually shortened, the tool nose is respectively contacted with the three adjacent outer surfaces in one vertex angle of the relatively fixed reference gauge block, the sensor on the tool bit senses current and triggers the sensor to work, the sensor is utilized to control the tool after the machine tool suspends the swing to move with the reference gauge block, the condition that the tool damages the reference gauge block is reduced, when the tool nose is contacted and attached with the three adjacent outer surfaces in one vertex angle of the reference gauge block, the actual coordinate of the tool nose is obtained, and the obtained actual coordinate of the tool nose is the vertex angle coordinate when the vertex angle of the reference gauge block is coincident with the tool nose;
step four: and finally, inputting a corresponding coordinate compensation value of the second cutter machining coordinate of the swung cutter point into the machine tool, so that the second cutter machining coordinate of the cutter far away from the machine tool is consistent with the actual coordinate, and thus secondary cutter setting after the cutter swings is completed.
Based on the mechanical structure of the 3+ 2-axis machine tool with respect to the reference gauge block, in the third step, the machine head can only rotate around the axis a or the axis C but cannot move along the direction of the axis X, the axis Y or the axis Z, and the working platform of the machine tool can move along the direction of the axis X, the axis Y or the axis Z, so that the moving tool can machine a workpiece, and meanwhile, the moving tool can perform contact joint tool setting with the reference gauge block.
Specifically, through the four steps, the tool of the machine tool is subjected to primary tool setting before secondary tool setting is carried out, so that the position of a first tool machining coordinate of the workpiece is determined, and the tool is fixed, so that the machining initial point coordinate is an absolute coordinate of the current tool far away from a machine head, and the workpiece is conveniently subjected to initial machining; because of the processing requirement, in order to reduce the abrasion of the cutter, the cutter needs to be correspondingly swung, so that the coordinate of the cutter far away from the machine head is changed, the second cutter processing coordinate of the cutter point after the cutter point is swung can be obtained according to the swinging angle of the machine head and the length of the cutter, then the vertex angle coordinate of the vertex angle of the reference gauge block in the extending state can also be correspondingly changed after the second cutter processing coordinate is set to zero, because the reference gauge block is square, and three adjacent edges of the vertex angle are all correspondingly parallel to the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis of the machine tool, the three adjacent outer surfaces of one vertex angle of the reference gauge block are respectively contacted and jointed with the cutter point by moving the working platform, and the actual coordinate value of the tail end of the cutter point is obtained by contacting and jointing with the corresponding outer surfaces of the reference gauge block, and comparing the obtained machining coordinate with the second tool with the zero set machining coordinate of the tool nose obtained by the swing angle and the tool length in the step two to obtain a coordinate compensation value of the tool nose, finally inputting a corresponding coordinate compensation value into the machine tool to enable the actual coordinate of the tool far away from the machine head to be consistent with the actual coordinate value after numerical compensation, and then setting the zero set machining coordinate of the second tool after compensation to finish the secondary tool setting of the machine tool.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, because the reference gauge block has eight vertex angles, in step three, it is necessary to determine in advance that the swung knife tip is in contact fit with three adjacent outer surfaces in a specific vertex angle of the reference gauge block, so as to reduce the situation that the knife tool cannot be in contact fit with the adjacent outer surfaces in one vertex angle of the reference gauge block, or even damage the reference gauge block, thereby obtaining the actual coordinate of the knife tip, and finally obtaining the coordinate compensation value of the knife tip.
Numbering the eight vertex angles of the reference gauge block: setting a serial number i ═ n (n is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 8, and n is an integer), and defining the vertex angle coordinate of the reference gauge block in the extending state on the working platform, the tool bit coordinate of the tool close to the machine head and the second tool machining coordinate of the tool tip as follows:
a (a, b, c): the coordinate value of the cutter head of the cutter close to the machine head is shown;
b (d, e, f): a second tool machining coordinate value of the tool nose;
ci (gi, hi, ji): a vertex angle coordinate value of a vertex angle with the number i of the reference gauge block;
d (k, m, p): a central coordinate value of the reference gauge block of a central point of the reference gauge block;
considering the overall length of the tool after swinging as a vector, namely AB ═ d-a, e-b, f-c;
the vector pointing from the center point to the vertex angle in the reference vector block is CiD ═ k-gi, m-hi, p-ji;
when vector AB and vector CiD satisfy simultaneously: (d-a) ((k-gi) > 0), (e-b) ((m-hi) > 0), (f-c) ((p-ji) > 0), namely, the direction of the tool nose pointing to the starting point of the tool close to the machine head is consistent with the direction of the center point of the reference gauge block pointing to the vertex angle with the number of i ═ n meeting the current condition, the direction points to the same space quadrant of the space coordinate system, the vertex angle number i value with the number of i ═ n of the reference gauge block and vertex angle coordinate data Ci (gi, hi, ji) of the vertex angle are output, then, step three is carried out, the tool nose is in contact joint with three adjacent outer surfaces in the vertex angle with the number of i ═ n of the reference gauge block, and finally, the actual coordinate value of the tool nose is obtained.
It is specific, be close to the second cutter processing coordinate of the tool bit coordinate of aircraft nose and knife tip through the definition cutter, thereby obtain the vector that the directional cutter of knife tip is close to between the aircraft nose initial point, simultaneously number through eight apex angles to benchmark gauge block, so that distinguish the apex angle coordinate value of the eight apex angles of benchmark gauge block, central coordinate through the central point of definition benchmark gauge block, thereby obtain the vector of the apex angle of the directional benchmark gauge block of central point of benchmark gauge block, and foretell two vectors all express through the form of coordinate vector, when two vectors are located same space quadrant, then can satisfy simultaneously: (d-a) · (k-gi) >0, (e-b) · (m-hi) >0, (f-c) · (p-ji) >0, and the number is output to be i ═ n, so that the vertex angle position of the corresponding number in the reference gauge block is determined, and therefore three adjacent outer surfaces in the vertex angle position can be conveniently subjected to contact fitting subsequently, and the actual coordinate of the tool tip is obtained.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, in the process of moving the working platform to make the outer surface of the reference gauge block contact and adhere to the knife tip well, in order to reduce the damage of the reference gauge block caused by the too fast movement of the working platform, the following operations are adopted:
in the third step: respectively aligning the tool tip with the outer surfaces of the reference gauge blocks parallel to an XY plane, an XZ plane and a YZ plane, respectively, shortening and approaching the distance between the tool tip and three adjacent outer surfaces in one vertex angle of the relatively fixed reference gauge blocks according to the relative motion by moving the working platform or the machine head, and setting the moving distance of the reference gauge blocks approaching the tool tip as follows:
when the distance between the end of the cutter far away from the tool rest and the corresponding outer surface of the reference gauge block is 2mm, the reference gauge block and the cutter are shortened by 0.1mm at a time;
when the distance between the end of the cutter far away from the tool rest and the corresponding outer surface of the reference gauge block is 1mm, the reference gauge block and the cutter are shortened by 0.01mm at a time;
when the spacing between the end of the tool remote from the tool holder and the corresponding outer surface of the reference gauge block is 0.5mm, the reference gauge block and the tool are shortened by 0.005mm at a time;
when the distance between the end of the cutter far away from the tool rest and the corresponding outer surface of the reference gauge block is 0.2mm, the reference gauge block and the cutter are shortened by 0.001mm at a time;
and the tail end of the cutter far away from the cutter frame is contacted and attached with the corresponding outer surface of the reference gauge block, and the sensor is triggered, so that the cutter or the working platform is suspended from moving, and then the coordinate value of the current cutter far away from the tail end of the cutter frame is recorded:
when the corresponding outer surface of the reference gauge block in contact with the tool tip is parallel to the XY plane, recording the Z value of the actual coordinate of the tool tip, namely the Z value of the coordinate of the corresponding outer surface of the reference gauge block; when the corresponding outer surface of the reference gauge block in contact with the tool nose is parallel to the XZ plane, recording the Y value of the actual coordinate of the tool nose, namely the Y value of the coordinate of the corresponding outer surface of the reference gauge block; when the corresponding outer surface of the reference gauge block in contact with the tool nose is parallel to the YZ plane, recording the X value of the actual coordinate of the tool nose, namely the X value of the coordinate of the corresponding outer surface of the reference gauge block; and finally, obtaining the actual coordinate of the tool nose, comparing the actual coordinate with the second tool machining coordinate with the zero tool nose, respectively obtaining the compensation values of the X-axis coordinate value, the Y-axis coordinate value and the Z-axis coordinate value in the coordinate of the swinging tool far away from the tail end of the tool rest, and then inputting the obtained compensation value of the second tool machining coordinate in the machine tool coordinate to compensate the error generated in the tool swinging process.
In order to improve the accuracy of the coordinate value obtained by the contact and adhesion of the reference gauge block and the tool tip and improve the precision of the actual coordinate of the tool tip obtained by the reference gauge block, the following operations are adopted:
the tool tip completes first contact fitting on the outer surface corresponding to the reference gauge block, and after the corresponding coordinate value of the current actual coordinate of the tool tip is recorded, the reference gauge block or the tool moves reversely by a distance of 0.05mm, then the reference gauge block and the tool shorten the distance by 0.005mm each time until the shortened total distance is 0.05mm, and then whether the tool tip is just in contact fitting with the outer surface of the reference gauge block is detected, so that a sensor is triggered; if so, selecting the corresponding coordinate value of the actual coordinate of the tool nose recorded last time; if not, the reference gauge block is continuously moved until the reference gauge block is contacted and attached with the tool nose, the sensor is triggered, and the actual coordinate value of the current tool nose is obtained.
In order to well reduce the situation that the cutter operates and cuts damage on the surface of the reference gauge block in the cutter setting process, the cutter rotates reversely around the axis of the reference gauge block in the secondary cutter setting process of the cutter.
Example two
The difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment is that:
3+2 axis machine tool, including the support frame (not shown in the figure), the support frame fixedly connected with work platform 1, the work platform 1 embedded has fixed impeller, impeller is the pushing cylinder 7, pushing cylinder 7 is accommodated completely with the work platform 1 in, the end of stretching out of pushing cylinder 7 is perpendicular to the bearing surface of work platform 1 and sets up towards aircraft nose 6, the end of stretching out of pushing cylinder 7 is fixedly connected with the benchmark gauge block 8, the benchmark gauge block 8 is set up in the form of cube, three edges adjacent to arbitrary apex angle of benchmark gauge block 8 are parallel to each other with X axis driving piece 3 length direction, Y axis driving piece 4 length direction and Z axis driving piece 5 length direction of the machine tool respectively, the bearing surface of work platform 1 is equipped with and offered the receiving groove 2 that the benchmark gauge block 8, when the machine tool is reset, the reference gauge block 8 is completely accommodated in the accommodating groove 2, and the end surface of the reference gauge block 8 close to the tool bit 61 is electrically connected to the power supply 81. The support frame is provided with X axle driving piece 3, Y axle driving piece 4 and Z axle driving piece 5, X axle driving piece 3, Y axle driving piece 4 and Z axle driving piece 5 are the lead screw drive subassembly, X axle driving piece 3, aircraft nose 6 is connected jointly to Y axle driving piece 4 and Z axle driving piece 5, aircraft nose 6 is towards work platform 1's one end fixedly connected with tool bit 61, tool bit 61 can be dismantled and is connected with cutter 62, tool bit 61 installs the sensor 9 that detects the current condition on the cutter 62, its model number is: 1122-30Amp Current Sensor AC & DC, manufacturer: tianbangteng software, Inc. In order to realize the function of limiting the rotation of the machine head 6 around the X axis and the Z axis, wherein the rotating shaft of the machine head 6 rotating around the X axis is an A axis, and the rotating shaft rotating around the Z axis is a C axis, the machine head 6 simultaneously rotates with the A axis and the C axis, the machine head 6 respectively limits the rotating motion of the machine head 6 and the A axis and the C axis through two groups of limiting parts, the limiting parts are of a jackscrew structure, when a jackscrew is loosened, the machine head 6 can rotate and swing around the A axis or the C axis, and when the jackscrew is locked, the machine head 6 is limited to rotate.
Based on the mechanical structure of the 3+ 2-axis machine tool relative to the reference gauge block, in the third step, the working platform of the machine tool is relatively fixed, and the machine head and the tool can move integrally along the X-axis, the Y-axis or the Z-axis direction, so that the moving tool can be used for machining a workpiece, and meanwhile, the moving tool and the reference gauge block can be used for performing contact fitting tool setting.
Because the motions are relative, according to the principle of relative motion, in this embodiment, the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is mainly that the working platform is relatively fixed, and the machine head can move freely, so the vertex angle coordinate of the reference gauge block is an absolute coordinate, and the second tool machining coordinate of the tool tip is a relative coordinate, but the finally realized tool setting function is consistent with that of the first embodiment.
The embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and according to the above-mentioned contents of the present invention, the present invention can be modified, substituted or combined in other various forms without departing from the basic technical idea of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A secondary tool setting method for machining a 3+ 2-axis machine tool is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: fixing a workpiece on a working platform, moving the working platform along the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis directions, performing center-dividing tool setting on the workpiece fixed on the working platform by using a tool mounted on a machine head of a machine tool so as to determine a processing origin coordinate of the workpiece, and acquiring a first tool processing coordinate of a tool nose and a vertex angle coordinate of each vertex angle of a relatively fixed cubic reference gauge block in an extending state on the machine tool according to the determined processing origin coordinate of the workpiece;
step two: the machining directions of the machine head and the cutter are adjusted as required: rotating the machine head and the cutter around the axis A and the axis C to enable the machine head and the cutter of the machine tool to synchronously swing to proper positions and then fix, and acquiring a second cutter machining coordinate of the cutter point of the cutter after swinging according to the swinging angles of the machine head and the cutter around the axis A and the axis C and the extension length of the cutter;
step three: the tool rotates around the axis of the tool, so that the distances between the tool nose and three adjacent outer surfaces in one vertex angle of the relatively fixed reference gauge block in an extending state are gradually shortened, the tool nose is respectively contacted with the three adjacent outer surfaces in one vertex angle of the relatively fixed reference gauge block, the sensor on the tool bit senses current and triggers the sensor to work, the sensor is utilized to control the tool after the machine tool suspends the swing to move relative to the reference gauge block, and when the tool nose is contacted and attached with the three adjacent outer surfaces in one vertex angle of the reference gauge block, the actual coordinate of the tool nose is obtained, and the obtained actual coordinate is the coordinate of the vertex angle when the vertex angle of the reference gauge block is coincident with the tool nose;
step four: and finally, inputting a corresponding coordinate compensation value of the second cutter machining coordinate of the swung cutter point into the machine tool, so that the second cutter machining coordinate of the cutter far away from the machine tool is consistent with the actual coordinate, and thus secondary cutter setting after the cutter swings is completed.
2. The secondary tool setting method for 3+ 2-axis machine tool machining according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the third step, the working platform of the machine tool is relatively fixed, and the machine head and the cutter can integrally move along the X-axis, the Y-axis or the Z-axis direction, so that the movable cutter can be used for machining a workpiece, and meanwhile, the movable cutter and the reference gauge block can be used for contact fitting tool setting.
3. The secondary tool setting method for 3+ 2-axis machine tool machining according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the third step, the machine head can only rotate around the A axis or the C axis but cannot move along the X axis, the Y axis or the Z axis, and the working platform of the machine tool can move along the X axis, the Y axis or the Z axis, so that the workpiece is machined by the movable tool, and meanwhile, the contact fitting tool setting of the movable tool and the reference gauge block is realized.
4. The secondary tool setting method for 3+ 2-axis machine tool machining according to claim 1, is characterized in that: numbering the eight vertex angles of the reference gauge block: setting a serial number i ═ n (n is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 8, and n is an integer), and defining the vertex angle coordinate of the reference gauge block in the extending state on the working platform, the tool bit coordinate of the tool close to the machine head and the second tool machining coordinate of the tool tip as follows:
a (a, b, c): the coordinate value of the cutter head of the cutter close to the machine head is shown;
b (d, e, f): a second tool machining coordinate value of the tool nose;
ci (gi, hi, ji): a vertex angle coordinate value of a vertex angle with the number i of the reference gauge block;
d (k, m, p): a central coordinate value of the reference gauge block of a central point of the reference gauge block;
considering the overall length of the tool after swinging as a vector, namely AB ═ d-a, e-b, f-c;
the vector pointing from the center point to the vertex angle in the reference vector block is CiD ═ k-gi, m-hi, p-ji;
when vector AB and vector CiD satisfy simultaneously: (d-a) ((k-gi) > 0), (e-b) ((m-hi) > 0), (f-c) ((p-ji) > 0), namely, the direction of the tool nose pointing to the starting point of the tool close to the machine head is consistent with the direction of the center point of the reference gauge block pointing to the vertex angle with the number of i ═ n meeting the current condition, the direction points to the same space quadrant of the space coordinate system, the vertex angle number i value with the number of i ═ n of the reference gauge block and vertex angle coordinate data Ci (gi, hi, ji) of the vertex angle are output, then, step three is carried out, the tool nose is in contact joint with three adjacent outer surfaces in the vertex angle with the number of i ═ n of the reference gauge block, and finally, the actual coordinate value of the tool nose is obtained.
5. The secondary tool setting method for 3+ 2-axis machine tool machining according to claim 4, is characterized in that: in the third step: respectively aligning the tool tip with the outer surfaces of the reference gauge blocks parallel to an XY plane, an XZ plane and a YZ plane, respectively, shortening and approaching the distance between the tool tip and three adjacent outer surfaces in one vertex angle of the relatively fixed reference gauge blocks according to the relative motion by moving the working platform or the machine head, and setting the moving distance of the reference gauge blocks approaching the tool tip as follows:
when the distance between the end of the cutter far away from the tool rest and the corresponding outer surface of the reference gauge block is 2mm, the reference gauge block and the cutter are shortened by 0.1mm at a time;
when the distance between the end of the cutter far away from the tool rest and the corresponding outer surface of the reference gauge block is 1mm, the reference gauge block and the cutter are shortened by 0.01mm at a time;
when the spacing between the end of the tool remote from the tool holder and the corresponding outer surface of the reference gauge block is 0.5mm, the reference gauge block and the tool are shortened by 0.005mm at a time;
when the distance between the end of the cutter far away from the tool rest and the corresponding outer surface of the reference gauge block is 0.2mm, the reference gauge block and the cutter are shortened by 0.001mm at a time;
and the tail end of the cutter far away from the cutter frame is contacted and attached with the corresponding outer surface of the reference gauge block, and the sensor is triggered, so that the cutter or the working platform is suspended from moving, and then the coordinate value of the current cutter far away from the tail end of the cutter frame is recorded:
when the corresponding outer surface of the reference gauge block in contact with the tool tip is parallel to the XY plane, recording the Z value of the actual coordinate of the tool tip, namely the Z value of the coordinate of the corresponding outer surface of the reference gauge block; when the corresponding outer surface of the reference gauge block in contact with the tool nose is parallel to the XZ plane, recording the Y value of the actual coordinate of the tool nose, namely the Y value of the coordinate of the corresponding outer surface of the reference gauge block; when the corresponding outer surface of the reference gauge block in contact with the tool nose is parallel to the YZ plane, recording the X value of the actual coordinate of the tool nose, namely the X value of the coordinate of the corresponding outer surface of the reference gauge block; and finally, obtaining the actual coordinate of the tool nose, comparing the actual coordinate with the second tool machining coordinate with the zero tool nose, respectively obtaining the compensation values of the X-axis coordinate value, the Y-axis coordinate value and the Z-axis coordinate value in the coordinate of the swinging tool far away from the tail end of the tool rest, and then inputting the obtained compensation value of the second tool machining coordinate in the machine tool coordinate to compensate the error generated in the tool swinging process.
6. The secondary tool setting method for 3+ 2-axis machine tool machining according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the tool tip completes first contact fitting on the outer surface corresponding to the reference gauge block, and after the corresponding coordinate value of the current actual coordinate of the tool tip is recorded, the reference gauge block or the tool moves reversely by a distance of 0.05mm, then the reference gauge block and the tool shorten the distance by 0.005mm each time until the shortened total distance is 0.05mm, and then whether the tool tip is just in contact fitting with the outer surface of the reference gauge block is detected, so that a sensor is triggered; if so, selecting the corresponding coordinate value of the actual coordinate of the tool nose recorded last time; if not, the reference gauge block is continuously moved until the reference gauge block is contacted and attached with the tool nose, the sensor is triggered, and the actual coordinate value of the current tool nose is obtained.
7. The secondary tool setting method for 3+ 2-axis machine tool machining according to claim 1, is characterized in that: during tool setting, the tool rotates in a reverse direction around the axis of the tool.
8. The secondary tool setting method for 3+ 2-axis machine tool machining according to claim 2, is characterized in that: in the method, the reference gauge block adopts the following structure: the 3+ 2-axis machine tool comprises a support frame, wherein the support frame is provided with a working platform, the top surface of the working platform is provided with a pushing piece, the extending end of the pushing piece is provided with a reference gauge block, the working platform is provided with a reference gauge block inserting storage groove, the reference gauge block is electrically connected with a power-on power supply, the support frame is provided with an X-axis driving piece, a Y-axis driving piece and a Z-axis driving piece, the X-axis driving piece, the Y-axis driving piece and the Z-axis driving piece are jointly connected with a machine head, the machine head faces to the end face of the working platform and is provided with a tool bit, the tool bit is detachably connected with a tool, the tool bit is provided with a sensor for detecting the current condition of the tool, and the machine.
9. The secondary tool setting method for 3+ 2-axis machine tool machining according to claim 3, is characterized in that: in the method, the reference gauge block adopts the following structure: the 3+ 2-axis machine tool comprises a support frame, wherein the support frame is provided with an X-axis driving piece, a Y-axis driving piece and a Z-axis driving piece, the X-axis driving piece, the Y-axis driving piece and the Z-axis driving piece are connected with a working platform together, the support frame is provided with a machine head, a tool bit is arranged on the end face of the machine head, which faces the working platform, is detachably connected with a tool, the tool bit is provided with a sensor for detecting the current condition of the tool, the machine head is respectively connected with a rotating shaft of an A axis and a rotating shaft of a C axis through two sets of limiting pieces, a pushing piece is arranged on the working platform, the machine head faces the machine head, a reference gauge block is arranged at a pushing end of the pushing piece, the working platform is provided with an accommodating groove.
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