CN114131093B - Numerical control machining method for multi-type large-diameter hollow indirect pipe hole in ultra-large end socket - Google Patents
Numerical control machining method for multi-type large-diameter hollow indirect pipe hole in ultra-large end socket Download PDFInfo
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- CN114131093B CN114131093B CN202111571861.1A CN202111571861A CN114131093B CN 114131093 B CN114131093 B CN 114131093B CN 202111571861 A CN202111571861 A CN 202111571861A CN 114131093 B CN114131093 B CN 114131093B
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- B23C—MILLING
- B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
Abstract
The invention relates to a numerical control processing method of multi-type large-diameter hollow pipe holes on an ultra-large end socket, belonging to the field of numerical control processing, and the method comprises the steps of determining a process zero point of end socket processing according to an irregular end socket excircle; calibrating the datum points of the pipe holes on the end sockets and on the fixed-position datum blocks according to the determined zero point of the end socket process, and visually marking the contour lines of the pipe holes; using a universal angle milling head, respectively determining a process zero point on a reference point of the end enclosure according to the reference point of each connecting pipe hole, and roughly processing the opening of the connecting pipe hole along the curved surface of the connecting pipe hole by adopting an plunge milling cutting mode; and comparing the standard on the seal head with the standard on the fixed-position reference block to determine the deformation in the seal head machining process, recalibrating the position of the pipe hole, and finely machining the pipe hole with enough machining allowance according to the recalibrated position of the pipe hole.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of numerical control machining, and relates to a numerical control machining method for multi-type large-size hollow pipe holes in an ultra-large end socket.
Background
The diameter of the ultra-large thin-wall end socket researched by the invention is more than 15000mm, the wall thickness is less than 100mm, the diameter-wall thickness ratio is more than 150, the ultra-large thin-wall end socket is an ultra-large thin-wall workpiece, a plurality of large connecting pipe holes and medium connecting pipe holes are arranged on the end socket and need to be processed, and the length and the diameter of the largest connecting pipe hole reach 4000mm. The machining of the ultra-large end socket is divided into two parts which are respectively machined and then spliced into an integral end socket in a two-in-one mode, so that the requirement on the position of each pipe connecting hole is stricter; in addition, the stability of the separated end socket is poorer than that of the whole end socket, the end socket is very easy to deform when the large connecting pipe hole is drilled, the position precision of each hole is difficult to control, and no reference is made in the machining process, so that the problem of insufficient machining allowance in final precision machining is easily caused; moreover, each connecting pipe hole is mostly a curved surface projected in space, the space structure is complex, and the processing difficulty is large. In the prior art, only the processing of pipe connecting holes on small and medium-sized thick-wall end sockets is researched and solved, the end sockets are integral end sockets, the wall thickness is large, the pipe connecting holes are small, the influence of the hole opening processing on the shape of the end socket is small, the position degree requirement of the hole opening can be guaranteed by the machine tool precision, deformation monitoring is not needed, and a spiral milling method is mostly adopted in the pipe connecting hole processing method. When the prior art is applied to an ultra-large thin-wall end socket, the problems of large deformation of a workpiece, lack of monitoring of hole positions, damage to a cutter, low cutting efficiency and the like exist.
In recent years, with the development of nuclear power and petrochemical equipment towards large-scale and light-weight, the related processing technologies at home and abroad are relatively lagged behind, and a plurality of new technologies are urgently needed to be developed to support the development of the industry. The ultra-large seal head is a seal head of a certain novel nuclear power main container in the world, and the technical disclosure of a numerical control machining method for multi-type large-diameter hollow indirect pipe holes on the ultra-large seal head is temporarily not disclosed, wherein the non-successful machining experience at home and abroad can be used for reference.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a technical scheme of a numerical control machining method for a multi-type large-size hollow pipe hole in an ultra-large end socket, which comprises the following steps:
determining the zero point of the seal head processing technology according to the excircle of the irregular seal head;
calibrating the datum points of the pipe holes on the end sockets and on the fixed-position datum blocks according to the determined zero point of the end socket process, and visually marking the contour lines of the pipe holes;
using a universal angle milling head, respectively setting a process zero point on a reference point of the end enclosure according to the reference point of each connecting pipe hole, and roughly processing the opening of the connecting pipe hole along the curved surface of the connecting pipe hole by adopting a plunge milling cutting mode;
comparing the upper reference of the end socket with the reference on the fixed position reference block to determine the deformation in the end socket processing process, and recalibrating the position of the pipe hole;
and (4) finely machining the pipe hole according to the position of the pipe connecting hole after being re-calibrated.
Further, the process for determining the process zero point of the end socket machining comprises the following steps:
measuring by a machine tool to obtain the excircle multipoint coordinates of the irregular seal head;
obtaining an arc according to three points in the multi-point coordinate;
checking other points except the three points;
and dragging the circular arc to obtain a circular arc which can be fitted with a plurality of points, and further determining the process zero point of the seal head.
Further, according to the determined zero point of the end socket process, the reference point of each hole on the end socket is calibrated, and the process is as follows:
and (3) binding points at the center and the periphery of each hole of the end enclosure according to the determined zero point of the end enclosure process, and calibrating the reference points of the holes on the end enclosure.
Further, the following steps: the process of calibrating the datum point of the pipe hole on the fixed-position datum block is as follows:
and processing a reference plane on the fixed-position reference block according to the azimuth angle of the pipe connecting hole, using the tip to make a reference point, and recording the coordinate value of the position reference point on the corresponding pipe connecting hole by taking the reference point on the fixed-position reference block as a reference.
Furthermore, the visual marking of the connecting pipe hole outline is carried out by clamping the sign pen by a spring chuck.
Further, the method is suitable for processing large-scale connecting pipe holes on the ultra-large-scale thin-wall end socket, the diameter of the ultra-large-scale thin-wall end socket is larger than 15000mm, the wall thickness of the ultra-large-scale thin-wall end socket is less than 100mm, and the diameter-wall thickness ratio of the ultra-large-scale thin-wall end socket is larger than 150:1.
the numerical control processing method of the multi-type large-diameter hollow pipe hole on the ultra-large end socket is suitable for processing the multi-type large-diameter hole on the workpiece with the characteristics of overlarge size, thin wall deformation easiness, stainless steel material and the like, provides an optimized processing scheme of the large end socket connecting pipe hole, and solves the problems of large deformation amount, irregular shape and incapability of centering of the large end socket; a centering method of three-point centering, multi-point checking and comprehensive adjustment on the irregular deformation arc surface is developed;
according to the determined process zero point of the end socket, calibrating the datum point of each hole on the end socket, processing a datum plane on a fixed-position datum block outside the end socket, calibrating the datum point of each hole on the fixed-position datum block, finding out the deformation of the roughly processed workpiece by comparing the datum point on the end socket with the datum point on the fixed-position datum block, and taking measures to correct the position of a pipe connecting hole; the technical problem that the deformation can be detected in the processing process of the large-size thin-wall end socket large-size-diameter connecting pipe hole is solved;
the marking tool is improved, a spring chuck is used for clamping a sign pen to replace a scriber, and the multi-type connecting pipe holes are marked in a three-dimensional outline on the outer spherical surface of the end socket, so that outline lines of all the holes are visualized, and the problem that machining allowance is insufficient during final fine machining due to no reference in the machining process is solved in the marking process;
according to the invention, the hole center material made of thin-wall stainless steel is sleeved along the outer circle of the connecting pipe hole by using the slotting cutter, so that the hole opening processing is realized, and the problems of resonance, damage to a cutter and a blade and low cutting efficiency caused by poor stability of a workpiece in the thin-wall stainless steel workpiece processing are solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a numerical control processing method of a multi-type large-size hollow pipe hole on an ultra-large seal head;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a long kidney-shaped nozzle hole;
FIG. 3 is a view of a hole machined by the machine tool in half;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of processing using the method;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of another nozzle hole that can be processed by the method.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, in the case of conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other, and the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in combination with the embodiments.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus that are known by one of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. Any specific values in all examples shown and discussed herein are to be construed as exemplary only and not as limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the directional terms such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom", etc., are generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are used for convenience of description and simplicity of description only, and in the absence of any contrary indication, these directional terms are not intended to indicate and imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention: the terms "inner and outer" refer to the inner and outer relative to the profile of the respective component itself.
For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "over 8230," "upper surface," "above," and the like may be used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of one device or feature to other devices or features as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is turned over, devices described as "above" or "on" other devices or configurations would then be oriented "below" or "under" the other devices or configurations. Thus, the exemplary terms "at 8230; \8230; above" may include both orientations "at 8230; \8230; above" and "at 8230; \8230; below". The device may be otherwise variously oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like are used to define the components, and are only used for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and unless otherwise stated, the terms have no special meaning, and therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited.
Through carrying out reasonable classification to the empty pore of taking over of polytype, can improve the management level of numerical control technology, simplify technology structure, promote the technology and use experience. The parting method of the pipe holes comprises the following steps: (1) according to the shape of the pipe connecting hole, the pipe connecting hole can be divided into a round pipe connecting hole, an oval pipe connecting hole, a long waist-shaped pipe connecting hole and the like; (2) according to the position of the central line of the connecting pipe hole in the end socket, the connecting pipe hole can be divided into a connecting pipe hole parallel to the rotation center and a connecting pipe hole parallel to the spherical surface normal of the end socket; (3) the distance between the center of the connecting pipe hole and the center of the end socket and the size are distinguished. The pipe connecting holes are classified by the classification method, the pipe connecting holes of the same type only need to be compiled, and the other holes of the same type are converted by using a proper program frame to complete processing, wherein the main program frame comprises rotation, mirror image, coordinate offset and the like.
The method is suitable for processing all the multi-type hollow pipe holes;
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a numerical control processing method of a multi-type large-size hollow pipe hole on an ultra-large seal head; a numerical control processing method for multi-type large-diameter hollow pipe holes in an ultra-large end socket is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: determining the zero point of the seal head processing technology according to the excircle of the irregular seal head;
the outer circle of the ultra-large end socket cannot be regular round due to the characteristics of the ultra-large end socket, and a process zero point fixing method of three-point centering, multi-point checking and comprehensive adjustment on an irregular cambered surface is developed to meet the requirement of the position degree of each connecting pipe hole after the final assembly of a product.
The process for determining the process zero point of the end socket machining comprises the following steps:
measuring by a machine tool to obtain excircle multipoint coordinates, and analyzing by computer two-dimensional software;
firstly, obtaining a circular arc according to coordinates of three points of multiple points of an excircle;
then checking other points except the three points;
and finally, manually dragging the arc to obtain an arc which can fit a plurality of points, and selecting the arc as a process zero point of the seal head.
S2: calibrating a reference point of the pipe hole on the end enclosure and on the fixed-position reference block according to the determined end enclosure process zero point, and visually marking the contour line of the pipe hole;
in order to detect the deformation condition of the workpiece, pricking points at the center and the periphery of each hole on the product according to a 'meter' -shaped direction, and fixing and positioning reference blocks outside the workpiece, wherein the fixing reference blocks are used for transferring reference points of the holes on the end enclosure; calibrating the datum point of the pipe hole on the fixed-position datum block, wherein the process of calibrating the datum point of the pipe hole on the fixed-position datum block is as follows:
and processing a reference plane according to the orientation angle of the pipe connecting hole, using the tip to manufacture a reference point, and recording the coordinate value of the position reference point on the corresponding pipe connecting hole by taking the reference point on the fixed position reference block as a reference.
Meanwhile, the machine tool uses a special spring chuck to clamp a special sign pen to replace a scriber, runs a numerical control program, and performs three-dimensional contour scribing on a multi-type connector hole on an outer spherical surface of a seal head, wherein in the scribing process, the abnormal condition that a sign pen point is over-pressed or the pen point leaves the outer spherical surface of a workpiece due to workpiece deformation exists, at the moment, the coordinate of the current scribing position in the program needs to be recorded, then the numerical control program is modified, the offset value along the axial direction of the hole is increased or reduced, after the program is operated again, the machine tool continues normal scribing from the breakpoint, and the line is an observation line in the machining process, so that the safety of product machining is greatly improved.
S3: using a universal angle milling head, respectively setting a process zero point on a reference point of the end enclosure according to the reference point of each connecting pipe hole, and roughly processing the opening of the connecting pipe hole along the curved surface of the connecting pipe hole by adopting a plunge milling cutting mode;
using SIEMENS NX CAD/CAM software, a plunge-cut cutting mode with high metal removal rate and resistance to lateral resonance is preferred to generate a tool path and complete the process. The major difference between the plunge milling cutter and the normal face milling cutter is that the insert of the plunge milling cutter rotates 15 ° and has a cutting inclination of 15 ° with the cutting bottom face, whereas the normal face milling cutter has an angle of 0 °. The special design of the slotting cutter can reduce the lateral contact area of the cutter, avoid the resonance between the cutter and a workpiece, protect the cutter and prolong the service life of the blade, and has the defect of poor quality of the processed surface, so the slotting cutter is generally used for rough processing.
The plunge milling cutting mode is the first choice for machining large allowance, large overhang depth and high-efficiency allowance removal. Compared with the traditional spiral milling hole, the slotting and milling hole has obvious advantages, the processing scheme of slotting and milling holes is used for processing each connecting pipe hole, and the stability and the efficiency of hole processing on the ultra-large thin-wall seal head can be obviously improved.
Obtaining appropriate plunge milling cutting parameters according to material and actual working condition tests: when the radial eating amount of each cutter is 6mm, when F300S 400 is adopted, the vibration of a machine tool and a workpiece is large, and the blade is easy to damage; when F250S 300 is used, the vibration of the machine tool and the workpiece is small, and the machining arc length of the blade replaced once is about 200-250 mm; when F200S250 is adopted, the machine tool and the workpiece are relatively stable, and the machining arc length of the blade replaced once is 300-400 mm.
When a certain type of long waist-shaped connecting pipe hole is processed, the blade is extremely easy to damage. After comparative analysis, the slope of the inclined plane at the feed position of the hole is found to be larger. After a plane is machined at the feed position by a flat milling cutter, the slotting performance is improved, and fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a long waist-shaped connecting pipe hole.
The method comprises the steps of performing plunge milling on a single side with 10mm of allowance during hole drilling, firstly processing a hole with a larger size in the process arrangement process, then processing a smaller hole, firstly processing a middle hole, then processing holes on two sides, symmetrically processing from the middle to the two sides, and requiring that the deformation states of all processed holes and the next hole to be processed are detected once according to a reference after each hole is processed, and performing feedback analysis to correct the position of each hole in time so as to ensure that each pipe connecting hole has allowance after rough machining.
S4: comparing the upper reference of the seal head with the reference of the fixed-position reference block to determine the deformation in the seal head processing process, and recalibrating the position of the pipe hole;
after the end socket finishes the opening of all the pipe connecting holes, the deformation states of all the holes need to be measured for the first time, so as to confirm the machining allowance states of all the holes, and the position reference of the holes is calibrated again according to the theoretical position.
The main purpose of the step is to integrally grasp the deformation of the product, ensure the position requirement of the pipe connecting hole and provide an accurate reference for final finish machining.
When the machining allowance of each hole meets the requirement, S5 is carried out;
s5: and according to the position of the calibrated pipe connecting hole, and according to the machining allowance of the pipe hole, performing finish machining on the pipe hole. And (3) writing a numerical control program by using a phi 100 milling cutter according to a streamline cutting mode, writing a circulating statement for layered processing, and finally processing a qualified pipe connecting hole.
Furthermore, the large-scale head space model is established by applying SIEMENS NX CAD/CAM software, and an ultra-large-scale tool is required to be used during head processing, so that the tool model is established and the assembly of the tool model and the tool model is completed. The digital model analysis mainly completed is as follows: (1) performing tool interference analysis; (2) analyzing the spatial structure of the pipe connecting hole to be processed; (3) cutting pattern analysis, cutting collision analysis, and the like.
And further, selecting a 7mx 15m large-scale numerical control three-axis linkage planer-type milling machine for numerical control machining of the multi-type large-size space pipe hole on the large-scale end socket, wherein the whole size of the large-scale end socket exceeds the passing width of the planer-type milling machine. FIG. 3 is a view of a hole machined by the machine tool in half;
the method is suitable for processing large connecting pipe holes on the ultra-large thin-wall end socket, the diameter of the ultra-large thin-wall end socket is more than 15000mm, the wall thickness of the ultra-large thin-wall end socket is less than 100mm, and the diameter-wall thickness ratio of the ultra-large thin-wall end socket is more than 150:1.
the ultra-large end socket is a conical sphere, the spatial structure of a plurality of connecting pipe holes on the end socket is complex, and 3 numerical control programs need to be prepared for any connecting pipe hole and are respectively used for three-dimensional contour line machining, plunge milling and hole opening of a marker pen and final finish machining. The method has the advantages that a certain CAM software using technology is mastered, a proper cutter path is debugged through software, the cutter path is simplified under the condition that the requirement is met, and the machining efficiency is improved.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of processing using the method;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of another nozzle hole that can be processed by the method.
In order to ensure the accuracy of the program and avoid the problems of over-cutting and collision, analog simulation through VERICUT software is necessary.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A numerical control machining method for multi-type large-size hollow pipe holes in an ultra-large end socket is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method is suitable for processing large connecting pipe holes on the ultra-large thin-wall end socket, the diameter of the ultra-large thin-wall end socket is more than 15000mm, the wall thickness of the ultra-large thin-wall end socket is less than 100mm, and the diameter-wall thickness ratio of the ultra-large thin-wall end socket is more than 150:1, comprising the following steps:
determining the zero point of the seal head processing technology according to the excircle of the irregular seal head;
the process for determining the process zero point of the end socket machining comprises the following steps:
measuring by a machine tool to obtain the excircle multipoint coordinates of the irregular seal head;
obtaining an arc according to three points in the multi-point coordinate;
checking other points except the three points;
dragging the arc to obtain an arc which can fit a plurality of points, and further determining a process zero point of the seal head;
calibrating a reference point of the pipe hole on the end enclosure and on the fixed-position reference block according to the determined end enclosure process zero point, and visually marking the contour line of the pipe hole;
the process of calibrating the datum point of the pipe hole on the fixed-position datum block is as follows:
processing a datum plane on the fixed-position datum block according to the azimuth angle of the pipe connecting hole, using the tip to make a datum point, and recording coordinate values of position datum points on the corresponding pipe connecting hole by taking the datum point on the fixed-position datum block as a datum;
using a universal angle milling head, respectively determining a process zero point on a reference point of the end enclosure according to the reference point of each connecting pipe hole, and roughly processing the opening of the connecting pipe hole along the curved surface of the connecting pipe hole by adopting an plunge milling cutting mode;
comparing the upper reference of the end socket with the reference on the fixed position reference block to determine the deformation in the end socket processing process, and recalibrating the position of the pipe hole;
and (4) finely machining the pipe hole according to the position of the pipe connecting hole after being re-calibrated.
2. The numerical control machining method for the multi-type large-size hollow pipe hole on the ultra-large end socket according to claim 1 is characterized in that: according to the determined zero point of the end socket process, calibrating the reference points of the holes on the end socket, wherein the process comprises the following steps:
and (3) binding points at the center and the periphery of each hole of the end enclosure according to the determined zero point of the end enclosure process, and calibrating the reference points of the holes on the end enclosure.
3. The numerical control machining method for the multi-type large-size hollow pipe hole on the ultra-large end socket according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the visual marking of the pipe connecting hole contour line is carried out by clamping the sign pen through a spring chuck.
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