CN114012506B - Machining precision guaranteeing method for large complex box body - Google Patents
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P13/00—Making metal objects by operations essentially involving machining but not covered by a single other subclass
- B23P13/02—Making metal objects by operations essentially involving machining but not covered by a single other subclass in which only the machining operations are important
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/20—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring workpiece characteristics, e.g. contour, dimension, hardness
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for ensuring the machining precision of a large complex box body, which comprises the following steps: s1, checking the precision of a machine tool; s2, clamping for one time; s3, secondary clamping, and trial cutting processing is carried out on the workpiece; s4, detecting with the same reference, and performing error analysis; s5, correcting the machining error of the workpiece, and carrying out qualified inspection on the workpiece; s6, repeating the steps from S2 to S5 until the workpiece is qualified in machining; and establishing a standard according to a qualified machining process, and outputting standard qualified machining process data to ensure the machining precision of the subsequent machined workpiece. The invention provides a method for ensuring the machining precision of a large complex box, which can ensure the machining precision of subsequent workpieces by pre-judging the problems of a machine tool which can influence the machining precision before the box is machined.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of machine tool machining, and particularly relates to a method for ensuring machining precision of a large complex box body.
Background
The machining precision of large box parts is always guaranteed by the precision of a machine tool. However, the precision of the machine tool is inevitably reduced due to various factors in the using process of the machine tool, a product machined along with the reduction of the precision of the machine tool has a plurality of unexpected errors, the analysis is very difficult, and the machined product cannot meet the use requirement. Particularly, when a large box body is machined, particularly in the machining process of multi-axis, multi-hole and variable-aperture, a plurality of factors restricting the machining precision exist, and meanwhile, due to the difference of the reference settings of the three-coordinate inspection machine, the analysis of the reasons causing errors is complicated.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention is directed to provide a method for ensuring the processing accuracy of a large complex box, so as to solve the problem of poor processing accuracy during processing of the large complex box.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for ensuring the machining precision of a large complex box body comprises the following steps:
s1, checking the precision of a machine tool;
s2, clamping for one time;
s3, secondary clamping, and trial cutting processing is carried out on the workpiece;
s4, detecting the workpiece according to the same reference, and performing error analysis;
s5, correcting the machining error of the workpiece, and carrying out qualified inspection on the workpiece;
s6, repeating the steps from S2 to S5 until the workpiece is qualified in machining; and establishing a standard according to a qualified machining process, and outputting standard qualified machining process data to ensure the machining precision of the subsequent machined workpiece.
Further, the specific steps of checking the accuracy of the machine tool in step S1 are as follows:
detecting the repeated positioning precision of the machine tool to obtain the numerical value of the reverse clearance, and providing a selection basis for selecting a machining method; when the value of the reverse clearance is larger than 0.1mm, the program compensation will have errors, so the value of the reverse clearance can be used as the basis for selecting which machining method;
and checking the geometric precision of the machine tool to obtain a deflection angle A between a main shaft upright post of the machine tool and a Z-axis guide rail and a B-axis rotation error of a workbench of the machine tool, and providing a basis for error analysis of workpieces.
Further, in the step S2, the specific steps of one-time clamping are as follows:
clamping the workpiece for one time and clamping;
and (3) standing the workpiece for a period of time to release the stress of the workpiece.
Further, in the step S3, the specific steps of secondary clamping are as follows:
loosening the workpiece, checking the gap between the bottom surface and the clamp by using the feeler gauge, and leveling the gap larger than a certain size by using the feeler gauge;
and (5) secondarily clamping, and setting a consistent clamping force.
Further, in step S3, the trial cutting process includes:
trial processing of holes, wherein each hole is processed by a one-way approximation method in the processing process; measuring the actual machining deviation of the machined hole by adopting bidirectional dotting in the machining process, and supplementing the value of the machined hole according to the actual machining deviation until the two machined holes machined in the same-direction fixed shaft are concentric;
and (5) sequentially trial-machining each hole by using a one-way approximation method, and carrying out error detection on the workpiece to be detected after finishing.
Further, in step S4, the specific steps of detecting the workpiece with the same reference and performing error analysis are as follows:
selecting and determining a unified three-coordinate reference coordinate system as a reference coordinate system in the process of processing and detecting a workpiece, and analyzing to obtain a processing error of the workpiece and reasons for generating the error;
and detecting other machining holes by taking the axes of the two machining holes machined by the same-direction fixed shaft as a machining standard to obtain machining errors of the workpiece and causes of the errors.
Further, in step S5, the specific step of correcting the workpiece machining error is as follows:
and according to the machining error of the workpiece, carrying out error correction machining on the workpiece to enable the workpiece and the machining hole in the workpiece to meet the design requirement.
Further, the specific steps of performing error correction processing on the workpiece are as follows:
and milling the surface by adopting a Z-axis interpolation method, and milling the workpiece according to the processing error of the workpiece to ensure that the workpiece meets the design requirement.
Compared with the prior art, the method for ensuring the machining precision of the large-scale complex box body has the following advantages:
the invention provides a method for ensuring the machining precision of a large-scale complex box body, which ensures the machining precision of subsequent workpieces by providing an advanced prejudgment on the machine tool problem which possibly influences the machining precision before the box body is machined; when the problems found in the pre-detection are consistent with the pre-judged error analysis result caused by the machine tool precision, the problems can be directly solved by adopting a method, the problem is prevented from being found out inaccurately, or the results are analyzed incorrectly by mistake, so that the processing results are avoided one at a time, and the processing precision of the workpieces in continuous processing is ensured.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for ensuring the processing accuracy of a large complex box according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a machine tool in the method for ensuring the machining accuracy of the large complex box according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a workpiece in the method for ensuring the machining accuracy of the large complex box according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals:
1. a Z-axis guide rail; 2. a machine tool column; 3. a main shaft; 4. a B-axis of the workbench; 5. a workpiece; 6. a first hole; 7. a second hole; 8. a third hole; 9. a fourth hole; 10. a fifth hole; 11. a sixth hole; 12. a seventh hole; 13. eighth hole; 14. and nine holes.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings, which are based on the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings, and are used for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
A method for ensuring the processing precision of a large complex box body is shown in figures 1 to 3 and comprises the following steps:
s1, checking the precision of a machine tool;
s2, clamping for one time;
s3, secondary clamping, and trial cutting processing is carried out on the workpiece;
s4, detecting the workpiece according to the same reference, and performing error analysis;
s5, correcting the machining error of the workpiece, and carrying out qualified inspection on the workpiece;
s6, repeating the steps from S2 to S5 until the workpiece is qualified in machining; and establishing a standard according to a qualified machining process, and outputting standard qualified machining process data to ensure the machining precision of the subsequent machined workpiece.
When the workpiece 5 is machined, the final machining quality of the workpiece 5 is directly influenced by the geometric and positioning accuracy of the machine tool, and the checking of the machine tool accuracy before machining is particularly important. The invention emphasizes the working steps of checking the precision of the machine tool in the machining process and plays a decisive role in the final precision of the workpiece 5.
Firstly, checking the precision of the machine tool, and playing a key role in analyzing errors generated during trial machining inspection: firstly, the repeated positioning precision of the machine tool is detected, when the numerical value of the reverse clearance is larger than 0.1mm, the program compensation will have errors, and the value is 0.13mm in actual operation, so the method determines to adopt a one-way approximation method to eliminate the reverse clearance between the shafts; secondly, the geometric accuracy of the machine tool is checked, the machined surface of the workpiece 5 is not perpendicular to the axis of the Z axis due to the inclination of the machine tool upright post 2 and cannot be eliminated, and the machining error of the workpiece can also be caused by the rotation error of the B axis 4 of the workbench, so that the geometric accuracy of the machine tool needs to be checked firstly, the deflection angle A between the machine tool upright post 2 and the Z axis guide rail 1 and the rotation error of the B axis 4 of the machine tool are obtained, a basis is provided for error analysis of the workpiece 5, and due to the deflection angle and the rotation error, when the machine tool spindle 3 feeds and machines the workpiece 5 along the Z axis guide rail 1, the machining error can occur on the surface of the workpiece 5 and a machined hole, so that by checking the geometric accuracy of the machine tool, if the deflection angle and the rotation error exist, how to correct the subsequent machining error can be clearly known, and the machining accuracy of the workpiece 5 is ensured.
The method comprises the steps of firstly clamping the workpiece once on a worktable of the machine tool and clamping the workpiece, then standing for a period of time, such as 5 minutes, 7 minutes or 10 minutes, or taking any time within 2-10 minutes to fully release the stress of the workpiece in box closing, the contact surface of the bottom surface and a clamp and the hoisting process.
And then carrying out secondary clamping, namely loosening the workpiece, then using a feeler gauge to check the gap between the bottom surface and the clamp, using the feeler gauge to cushion the gap larger than a certain size, for example, when the gap is larger than 0.02mm, using the feeler gauge to cushion the gap, then carrying out secondary clamping on the workpiece, setting the clamping force to be consistent by using a kilogram-force wrench, starting trial machining, and machining each machining hole by using a one-way approach method in the machining process.
Specifically, as shown in the figure, due to the restriction of the aperture and the cutter, the process route is made by firstly processing the first hole 6, the second hole 7, the third hole 8 and the fifth hole 10, and then turning the worktable to process the seventh hole 12, the fourth hole 9, the ninth hole 14, the sixth hole 11 and the eighth hole 13. Drawing requires that a first hole 6, a seventh hole 12 and a fourth hole 9 are collinear, and the parallelism of the three axes of a second hole 7, a eighth hole 13, a fifth hole 10, a third hole 8, a ninth hole 14 and a sixth hole 11 is 0.05mm, as shown in the drawing, the eighth hole 13 needs to be processed in a trial mode, then the actual deviation of the eighth hole 13 and the fifth hole 10 is measured by dotting, the eighth hole 13 and the fifth hole 10 are concentric after value compensation, and then the eighth hole 13 and the fifth hole 10 are processed by a one-way approximation method.
As shown in the figure, when the eight 13 and the five 10 holes are concentric, 4-point dotting is adopted for reducing errors, and the method has the advantages that the diameter of the eight 13 holes which are adjusted to be small is not required to be measured, c and f values are directly dotted, the complement value (f-c)/2 is required, the method is better than single-side dotting, and the errors of eight 13 holes which are measured and processed in a trial mode are reduced. And (3) correcting the difference between the eight 13 and the five 10 holes, adjusting the larger value of the diameter increment of the eight 13 holes from the larger value of the two values of (f-c) and (e-d) to the size increment of the eight 13 hole finished product, and trial cutting until c = f = d = e, wherein the eight 13 holes and the five 10 holes are concentric.
And (5) sequentially trial-machining each hole, and sending the workpiece to be inspected after finishing trial machining. At the moment, if the inspection is carried out according to the original drawing, the four coordinates of the detection hole with the connection line of the hole I and the hole seven, the five coordinates of the detection hole with the connection line of the hole eight and the hole two, the six coordinates of the detection hole with the connection line of the hole three and the hole nine and the parallelism of the connection lines of the hole four, the hole five and the hole six are required to be respectively inspected, so that the detection is inconsistent with the actual processing condition, the deviation can only be corrected and corrected manually, the reason for generating the deviation cannot be analyzed, the reference function is not carried out on the subsequent processing, and the condition of one sample for inspection is easy to occur.
In the method, the hole II and the hole five-axis are processed in the same direction and fixed axis, so that the hole II and the hole five-axis can be used as processing standards to detect other holes, and the hole II and the hole five-axis coincide with the processing standards to quickly judge the error generation reason. For example, by establishing axes with hole two and hole five, detecting perpendicularity with the G54 plane as shown, it can be found that the perpendicularity error is consistent with the machine tool column error value. If the axis is established by the second hole and the eighth hole, the machining error of the eighth hole is cleared, so that the inclination value of the G54 surface is inconsistent with the inclination value of the upright post, and a lot of uncertainty is brought to the compensation value and the subsequent machining.
After the errors and the reasons are analyzed and cleaned, the workpiece can be repeatedly machined according to the steps, when the G54 surface of the workpiece is machined, the surface can be milled by adopting a Z-axis interpolation method, the machining errors are brought into a Z-axis interpolation value, and the G54 surface is milled to be flat. And repeating the inspection step until the dimension is qualified by inspection, establishing a standard according to the process requirement, and outputting standard qualified data.
For example, when a deflection angle a exists between a machine tool upright post and a Z-axis guide rail, in the process of punching a workpiece, a Y-direction coordinate of a main shaft on the machine tool upright post needs to be adjusted according to the deflection angle a, the Y-direction coordinate can be calculated according to the deflection angle a and by combining the machining size of the workpiece through the pythagorean theorem, and after a Y-direction machining error difference is obtained, the Y-direction coordinate of the main shaft can be adjusted to eliminate the machining error of the main shaft machining, so that the workpiece machining hole meets the machining requirement; in the process of milling the surface of a workpiece, the Y-direction coordinate of the spindle also needs to be adjusted, in the process of moving the machine tool along the Z-axis guide rail for machining, the Y-direction coordinate of the spindle can be synchronously adjusted according to the obtained machining error difference, so that the spindle moves downwards along the Y direction of the column of the machine tool, and the casting eliminates the machining error on the surface of the workpiece, thereby realizing the high-precision machining of the workpiece.
In an example, when the B shaft 4 of the machine tool workbench rotates, a rotation error exists (that is, the B shaft of the machine tool workbench does not rotate to a designed processing position), and the rotation error of the B shaft 4 of the workbench can be counteracted by adjusting a rotation angle of the B shaft 4 of the workbench in a processing process, so that the rotation processing precision of a workpiece is ensured. In the actual machining process, the problems found in the process of pre-detection are consistent with the pre-judged error analysis result caused by the machine tool precision, the problems can be directly solved by adopting a method aiming at the problems, and the problems are prevented from being found out inaccurately or the processing precision cannot be ensured because the method is adopted because the results are formed by error analysis and the processing result is caused to be one result at a time.
According to the method, the stress deformation of the box body during box closing can be eliminated by adding one-time clamping pre-tightening, and the phenomenon that large deformation is generated when a workpiece is loosened after finish machining is finished is avoided.
Meanwhile, due to the fact that the precision of the machine tool is reduced, repeated positioning inaccuracy occurs when a program instruction is executed, and machining precision is affected. During the pre-processing, the characteristics of parts and position errors caused by different weights of different cutters are fully considered, a bidirectional dotting method is utilized to check dotting precision, the trial cutting inspection problem is clear, and measures are taken in one step.
In the inspection link, if the three-coordinate reference coordinate system is not properly established, a large inspection error is generated, and misjudgment occurs in error cause analysis, so that the value supplement fails. When a large box body is machined, particularly in the machining process of multi-axis, multi-hole and variable aperture, a plurality of factors restricting the machining precision exist, and meanwhile due to the difference of the reference settings of the three-coordinate inspection machine, the reason for analyzing the generated error is complicated. In actual application, when a box body of a certain type is subjected to localization trial production, a user finds out a plurality of enterprises for processing, the processing quality can not be ensured all the time, and all form and position tolerances reach full-size qualification after the method is applied.
According to the method, the unified three-coordinate reference coordinate system is selected and determined to serve as the reference coordinate system in the workpiece processing and detecting process, so that misjudgment in error reason analysis can be avoided, the reason of error can be conveniently analyzed, accurate judgment of the processing error and the reason of error can be realized, error correction processing can be conveniently carried out on the workpiece in the follow-up process, and the workpiece processing precision can meet the design requirement; the method summarizes a set of processing method for ensuring the precision from the geometric precision of the machine tool, the repeated positioning precision, the deformation error of the clamp, the length and the weight of the cutter, the establishment of a three-coordinate reference coordinate system and the optimization of the process flow, solves the problem of processing high-precision products by using the machine tool with general precision, and can save a large amount of machine tool cost for factories, thereby achieving the purposes of lean precision, cost reduction and efficiency improvement.
For example, after secondary clamping, a unified three-coordinate reference coordinate system can be established by taking the bottom plane of the clamped workpiece as a reference datum, so that subsequent workpiece machining and error analysis are facilitated.
The method adds a step of checking the machine tool precision before machining, and provides an advanced prejudgment for the machine tool problem which may influence the machining precision. The method comprises the steps of checking the machine tool before processing the workpiece, obtaining geometric precision data of the machine tool, judging errors possibly occurring in the subsequent processing process of the machine tool, setting a subsequent error correction method and processing steps before processing, eliminating the influence of the machine tool errors on the processed workpiece, facilitating the rapid processing of the workpiece, simultaneously ensuring the precision of the processed workpiece and improving the processing efficiency of a large-scale complex box body.
The invention provides a method for ensuring the machining precision of a large-scale complex box body, which ensures the machining precision of subsequent workpieces by providing an advanced prejudgment on the machine tool problem which possibly influences the machining precision before the box body is machined; when the problems found in the pre-detection are consistent with the pre-judged error analysis result caused by the machine tool precision, the problems can be directly solved by adopting a method, the problem is prevented from being found out inaccurately, or the results are analyzed incorrectly by mistake, so that the processing results are avoided one at a time, and the processing precision of the workpieces in continuous processing is ensured.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. A method for ensuring the machining precision of a large complex box body is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, checking the precision of a machine tool;
s2, clamping for one time; clamping the workpiece for one time and clamping; standing the workpiece for a period of time, and releasing the stress of the workpiece;
s3, secondary clamping; loosening the workpiece, checking the gap between the bottom surface and the clamp by using a feeler gauge, and leveling the gap larger than a certain size by using the feeler gauge; carrying out secondary clamping, and setting a consistent clamping force;
trial cutting is carried out on the workpiece;
s4, detecting the workpiece according to the same reference, and performing error analysis;
s5, correcting the machining error of the workpiece, and carrying out qualified inspection on the workpiece;
s6, repeating the steps from S2 to S5 until the workpiece is qualified in machining; and establishing a standard according to a qualified machining process, and outputting standard qualified machining process data to ensure the machining precision of the subsequent machined workpiece.
2. The method for ensuring the machining precision of the large-scale complex box body according to claim 1, wherein the specific steps of checking the machine tool precision in the step S1 are as follows:
detecting the repeated positioning precision of the machine tool to obtain the numerical value of the reverse clearance and provide a selection basis for selecting a machining method;
and checking the geometric precision of the machine tool to obtain a deflection angle A between a main shaft upright post of the machine tool and a Z-axis guide rail and a B-axis rotation error of a workbench of the machine tool, and providing a basis for error analysis of workpieces.
3. The method for ensuring the machining accuracy of the large-sized complex box body according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the trial cutting machining comprises the following steps:
trial processing holes, wherein each hole is processed by a one-way approximation method in the processing process; in the machining process, two-way dotting is adopted to measure the actual machining deviation of the machined hole, and the value of the machined hole is compensated according to the actual machining deviation until the two machined holes machined in the same-direction fixed shaft are concentric;
and (5) sequentially trial-machining each hole by using a one-way approximation method, and sending the workpiece to be inspected for error detection after the completion.
4. The method for ensuring the machining accuracy of the large-scale complex box body according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the specific steps of detecting the workpiece with the same reference and performing error analysis are as follows:
selecting and determining a unified three-coordinate reference coordinate system as a reference coordinate system in the process of processing and detecting a workpiece;
and detecting other machining holes by taking the axes of the two machining holes machined by the same-direction fixed shaft as a machining standard to obtain machining errors of the workpiece and causes of the errors.
5. The method for ensuring the machining precision of the large-scale complex box body according to claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the specific steps of correcting the machining error of the workpiece are as follows:
and according to the machining error of the workpiece, carrying out error correction machining on the workpiece to enable the workpiece and the machining hole in the workpiece to meet the design requirement.
6. The method for ensuring the machining precision of the large-scale complex box body according to claim 5, wherein the specific steps of performing error correction machining on the workpiece are as follows:
and milling the surface by adopting a Z-axis interpolation method, and milling the workpiece according to the processing error of the workpiece to ensure that the workpiece meets the design requirement.
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