CN110999588A - Ridge-cultivation minimum-tillage fertilizing, sowing and straw returning cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for returning the field of straw to field includes such steps as ① returning the straw to field, pushing the straw and stubbles in the ridge to ditch, spraying decomposing agent, stirring the straw and stubbles, sowing ②, sowing bed, spreading granular fertilizer on the soil surface of ridge, sowing the soil on ridge, sowing the soil at 15 cm and 16 cm, blocking the soil, returning it to original position, preserving soil, compacting, and returning the field to field.

Description

Ridge-cultivation minimum-tillage fertilizing, sowing and straw returning cultivation method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the agricultural technology, and mainly relates to a cultivation method suitable for ridge culture areas for minimum tillage, fertilization, seeding and full straw returning.

Background

The ridge farming mode is a traditional farming mode in agricultural production in northeast cold and low-temperature regions in the north of China, and is always a main planting mode of dry farming in the northeast of China based on the advantages of wind prevention, drought resistance, soil moisture storage, ground temperature improvement and the like of the mode, and cannot be changed and replaced. In recent years, with the promulgation of environmental protection laws and regulations in China, the implementation of the strict field burning law of straws and the requirement of restoring soil fertility are proposed, and straw returning becomes one of important ways for solving and realizing the comprehensive utilization and treatment of straws. At present, the straw is returned to the field mostly by adopting a furrow plough for flatly turning and buckling the straws, so-called deep burying is carried out, and the practice shows that the method has poor deep burying quality and more exposed straws, not only influences the no-tillage or minimal-tillage seeding operation quality of the next year, but also has the defects of difficult straw rotting, slow decomposition speed, poor soil fertility effect and more plant diseases and insect pests in northeast cold areas. Therefore, the research on a few-tillage fertilizing, seeding and straw returning cultivation method suitable for the ridge culture mode in the cold region is urgent.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and research and provide a method for returning the field to the field by combining with the practical requirements of the popularization and the use of the minimal tillage agricultural technology in the northeast ridge farming agricultural area of China, so as to achieve the aims of large straw returning quantity, high straw decomposition speed, short time, fast fertility, no generation of diseases and insect pests, good seedbed conditions and high quality, and provide technical support for the prohibition of burning of the straw and returning the field to the field and the popularization of the minimal tillage agricultural technology.

The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: the ridge culture minimum tillage fertilizing seeding straw returning tillage method comprises the following steps:

①, returning the straws and the stubbles to the field, namely, transversely pushing the straws and the stubbles on the ridge platforms into the furrows, spraying a decomposition agent on the straws and the stubbles in the furrows, and then fully stirring, mixing and pressing the straws and the stubbles sprayed with the decomposition agent and the soil on the surface layers of the furrows, so as to promote the straws and the stubbles to be quickly decomposed, increase the soil fertility and avoid the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests;

②, seed bed establishment and seeding, wherein the method comprises the steps of sowing granular fertilizer on the soil surface of the ridge platform after straw and stubbles are cleaned, carrying out rotary tillage operation on the ridge platform by adopting a rotary cultivator, carrying out rotary tillage with the rotary tillage width of 15 cm and the rotary tillage depth of 16 cm, blocking and controlling the soil thrown up by rotary tillage to fall back to the original ridge platform position during the rotary tillage operation, preserving soil moisture and compacting by a compactor to complete seed bed establishment, and then adopting a duckbilled seed sowing device to complete seeding and compacting operation on the seed bed position established on the ridge.

Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that ① ridge culture minimal tillage seeding is realized, straw returning is realized, the problems that seeding quality is affected and reduced after straw returning in the prior art is overcome and solved, the produced seeds are uneven in depth, irregular in emergence and low in yield are solved, ② decomposition agents are sprayed on the straws in the furrows, the straws sprayed with the decomposition agents are fully mixed and mixed with soil on the surfaces of the furrows, decomposition of the straws is promoted and accelerated, the problems that only the straws on the surface layer are coated with the decomposition agents, the straws are dried quickly and are not easy to decompose under strong wind blowing and the cultivation in the next season is affected are avoided, ③ rotary tillage is performed on the area with the width of 15 cm on the ridges, operation power is saved, requirements of seed growth and development on seedbed conditions are met, cost is saved, yield is increased, and efficiency is increased remarkably.

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. A ridge culture minimum tillage fertilizing seeding straw returning tillage method comprises the following steps:

①, returning the straws and the stubbles to the field, namely, transversely pushing the straws and the stubbles on the ridge platforms into the furrows, spraying a decomposition agent on the straws and the stubbles in the furrows, and then fully stirring, mixing and pressing the straws and the stubbles sprayed with the decomposition agent and the soil on the surface layers of the furrows, so as to promote the straws and the stubbles to be quickly decomposed, increase the soil fertility and avoid the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests;

②, seed bed establishment and seeding, wherein the method comprises the steps of sowing granular fertilizer on the soil surface of the ridge platform after straw and stubbles are cleaned, carrying out rotary tillage operation on the ridge platform by adopting a rotary cultivator, carrying out rotary tillage with the rotary tillage width of 15 cm and the rotary tillage depth of 16 cm, blocking and controlling the soil thrown up by rotary tillage to fall back to the original ridge platform position during the rotary tillage operation, preserving soil moisture and compacting by a compactor to complete seed bed establishment, and then adopting a duckbilled seed sowing device to complete seeding and compacting operation on the seed bed position established on the ridge.

Claims (1)

1. A ridge culture minimum tillage fertilizing seeding straw returning tillage method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

①, returning the straws and the stubbles to the field, namely, transversely pushing the straws and the stubbles on the ridge platforms into the furrows, spraying a decomposition agent on the straws and the stubbles in the furrows, and then fully stirring, mixing and pressing the straws and the stubbles sprayed with the decomposition agent and the soil on the surface layers of the furrows, so as to promote the straws and the stubbles to be quickly decomposed, increase the soil fertility and avoid the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests;

②, seed bed establishment and seeding, wherein the method comprises the steps of sowing granular fertilizer on the soil surface of the ridge platform after straw and stubbles are cleaned, carrying out rotary tillage operation on the ridge platform by adopting a rotary cultivator, carrying out rotary tillage with the rotary tillage width of 15 cm and the rotary tillage depth of 16 cm, blocking and controlling the soil thrown up by rotary tillage to fall back to the original ridge platform position during the rotary tillage operation, preserving soil moisture and compacting by a compactor to complete seed bed establishment, and then adopting a duckbilled seed sowing device to complete seeding and compacting operation on the seed bed position established on the ridge.