CN110983231A - 一种铝合金轮毂及对其表面涂层的方法 - Google Patents
一种铝合金轮毂及对其表面涂层的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- aluminum alloy
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
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- GVEHJMMRQRRJPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(2+);methanidylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr+2].[Cr]#[C-].[Cr]#[C-] GVEHJMMRQRRJPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenenickel Chemical compound [Ni]=S WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本申请涉及一种铝合金轮毂及对其表面涂层的方法。所述铝合金轮毂具有铝合金基体和附着在所述铝合金基体表面上的涂层，所述涂层在所述铝合金基体表面上依次包括由镍包铝或铝包镍粉末形成的预涂层、Cr3C2层和清漆层。本发明的铝合金轮毂，通过上述对铝合金轮毂表面喷涂Cr3C2层获得了更优异的耐腐蚀性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于铝合金轮毂表面处理领域，具体涉及一种铝合金轮毂及对其表面涂层的方法。
背景技术
铝合金轮毂具有省油、散热好、延长发动机寿命、真圆度好、坚固耐用等优点，因而广泛应用于汽车行业。而电镀汽车铝轮毂更兼有非常吸引人的外观，在欧洲、日本、韩国、美国等发达国家和地区成为一种时尚。
铝合金轮毂表面一般通过涂装、镀膜、电镀等方法来处理，既能够起到防腐蚀作用又能够起到装饰作用。
随着生活水平及品味的提升，在中国电镀汽车铝轮毂也具有巨大的市场前景。然而电镀铝合金轮毂外形越来越复杂，质量要求高。中国专利申请CN 103320791 A公开了一种铝合金轮毂的电镀方法。首先对铝合金轮毂进行预处理；其次将铝合金轮毂浸入磷酸中5～10min进行表面活化；然后采用静电喷涂的方法在铝合金轮毂表面喷涂一层环氧聚酯粉末；随后进行两次镀镍；最后再进行真空镀铬。但是电镀工艺复杂，且电镀后产生的废液对环境污染较大，不符合国家提倡的节能环保的政策。
中国专利申请CN 105525266 A则公开了一种铝合金轮毂真空镀膜工艺。该工艺包括：首先对铝合金轮毂进行预处理；其次采用静电喷涂法对铝合金轮毂喷涂环氧树脂；随后打磨、清洗上述粉体；然后采用真空镀膜法对铝合金轮毂镀膜，镀材为合金镀材，包括铝、铁、镍以及铬；最后对铝合金轮毂喷涂罩光清漆。该申请中通过预处理、静电喷涂、真空镀膜和喷涂罩光清漆四个主要工序提高铝合金轮毂与镀层之间的结合强度，增强铝合金轮毂的防腐蚀性能。但真空镀膜法的成本较高。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的主要目的在于提供一种低成本且环保的铝合金轮毂表面处理方法，以形成具有改进的耐腐蚀性的铝合金轮毂。
本发明的第一方面提供一种铝合金轮毂，具有铝合金基体和附着在所述铝合金基体表面上的涂层，所述涂层在所述铝合金基体表面上依次包括由镍包铝或铝包镍粉末形成的预涂层、Cr3C2层和清漆层。
根据本发明的一种实施方式，所述预涂层厚度可为0.05～0.08mm。
根据本发明的一种实施方式，所述Cr3C2层厚度可为0.10～0.06mm，优选为0.08mm。
进一步地，所述Cr3C2层的气孔率可为1.5～2.5％，优选为1.8～2.0％。
根据本发明的一种实施方式，所述清漆层厚度可为0.40～0.08mm。
本发明第二方面提供一种对铝合金轮毂表面涂层的方法，所述方法包括：对所述铝合金轮毂的表面进行预处理、喷涂预涂层、喷涂Cr3C2层和后处理的步骤，所述喷涂Cr3C2层步骤为采用高速火焰喷涂法在铝合金轮毂表面形成厚度≥0.15mm的Cr3C2层，并精车为预定厚度。
根据本发明的一种实施方式，所述预处理步骤可包括对铝合金轮毂表面进行脱脂、去污和除锈的清理，粗糙化和预热。
根据本发明的一种实施方式，所述喷涂预涂层步骤可包括：采用高速火焰喷涂法在铝合金轮毂表面形成0.12～0.13mm的预涂层，并车削粗化为0.05～0.08mm，优选地，所述预涂层由镍包铝或铝包镍粉末形成。
根据本发明的一种实施方式，所述后处理步骤可包括：经粒径0.5～1.0mm的硅砂进行喷砂处理后，喷涂罩光清漆装饰。
本发明的铝合金轮毂，通过上述对铝合金轮毂表面喷涂Cr3C2层的表面处理方法，降低了成本，避免了电镀法中的污染，且获得了更优异的耐腐蚀性能。
附图说明
图1为根据本发明的铝合金轮毂部分截面示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施方式及附图，对本发明实施方式中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施方式仅仅是本发明的一部分实施方式，而不是全部的实施方式。基于本发明中的实施方式，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本文中的附图仅为示意性结构图，其中的尺寸和形状并不表示真实的尺寸和形状。
如图1所示，铝合金轮毂具有铝合金基体100和附着在所述铝合金基体表面上的涂层200，所述涂层200在铝合金基体100表面上依次包括由镍包铝或铝包镍粉末形成的预涂层210、Cr3C2层220和清漆层230。优选地，所述预涂层210厚度可为0.05～0.08mm。优选地，所述Cr3C2层220厚度可为0.10～0.06mm，更优选为0.08mm。优选地，所述Cr3C2层220的气孔率可为1.5～2.5％，更优选为1.8～2.0％。优选地，所述清漆层230厚度可为0.40～0.08mm。
本发明提供了对铝合金轮毂进行表面涂层的方法。该方法通过高速火焰喷涂法在铝合金基体表面形成致密的碳化铬层，不但降低了对铝合金轮毂表面处理的成本，且获得了改进的耐腐蚀性。
下面根据本发明一种具体实施方式，结合图1来详细说明本发明的方法。
首先对铝合金轮毂基体100的表面进行预处理。所述预处理步骤包括对铝合金轮毂表面进行脱脂、去污和除锈的清理，去除其表面氧化皮，使工件表面呈现出金属光泽；然后采用车削加工使其表面粗糙化，进一步保证表面质量，提高结合强度和预留涂层厚度；随后采用电阻炉在120～140℃对铝合金轮毂进行预热，使工件温度均匀，表面不产生水汽。
然后采用高速火焰喷枪喷涂预涂层210。工艺参数如下表所示，喷涂预涂层的厚度为0.12～0.13mm，并车削粗化后厚度为0.05～0.08mm，优选地，所述预涂层210可由镍包铝或铝包镍粉末形成。
接着，仍然采用高速火焰喷枪喷涂Cr3C2层220。工艺参数如下表所示，喷涂Cr3C2层220的厚度≥0.15mm。
最后对铝合金轮毂表面进行后处理，采用0.5～1.0mm的硅砂进行喷砂；精车后，Cr3C2层220厚度为约0.08mm；最后喷涂罩光清漆230装饰，清漆层的厚度为0.40～0.08mm，具体生产中清漆层的厚度为一个范围。
以下，用具体实施例来进一步说明本发明。以下实施例中所用的试剂均为市售购买。
实施例采用高速火焰喷涂法对铝合金样块表面喷涂Cr3C2粉
1、试验器材：
设备：SQP-1型火焰喷枪(厂商：上海欧亚喷涂机械有限公司)
工件：铝合金轮毂基材样块
打底层材料：铝包镍粉末(粒度号为230～240，粒径：15μm)
喷涂材料：Cr3C2粉(粒径：10μm)
2、试验方法
对铝合金样块表面进行脱脂、去污、除锈处理。然后采用车削工艺进行粗糙化处理。采用电阻炉在120～140℃预热，预热时间为5min。
采用高速火焰喷枪按以下条件喷涂预涂层，厚度0.12～0.13mm。然后再次车削粗化。剩余厚度为0.05mm。采用高速火焰喷枪按以下条件喷涂厚度为0.15mm的Cr3C2粉。然后采用粒径为0.5～1.0mm的硅砂对Cr3C2表面进行喷砂后处理，并精车后Cr3C2层厚度为0.08mm。最后喷涂罩光清漆装饰。
喷涂预涂层和工作层的工艺参数如下：
对比例采用电镀法对铝合金样块表面电镀
采用常规电镀方法，按照“抛光-前处理-清洗-活化-除油-镀半亮镍-镀高硫镍-镀亮镍-镀铬-检验”的工艺流程对用于制备铝合金轮毂的铝合金样块进行表面电镀，获得具有以下结构的电镀样块：
电镀层厚度：
铬层0.25～0.40μm；
微孔镍层(无最小要求，但必须满足STEP要求)；
亮镍层16μm(最小)；
高硫镍层(无最小要求，但必须满足STEP要求)；
半亮镍层24μm(最小)；
铜层厚度10μm(最小)；
总镍层厚度40μm(最小)；
总镀层厚度50μm(最小)。
测试例1实施例和对比例涂层性能测试
1、测试方法及仪器
致密度：用金相法检测(蔡司金相显微镜)
气孔率：用金相法检测(蔡司金相显微镜)
结合强度：用拉伸机进行试验(德国紫威克/Z100)
致密度/气孔率检测方法：取轮毂涂层断面，镶样后，经过研磨抛光，在200倍显微镜下看断面，进行检查。
结合强度检测方法：拉伸试样的材质是普通的Q235钢，经车削加工而成。具体试验步骤如下：将试样对偶件A、B喷砂处理，将试件端面A均匀地喷上待测结合强度的涂层，厚度约为0.8mm，然后用E-7胶将试件A、B件粘合，并将A试件置于B试件之上，使其同轴，经过100℃、1h加热固化以后，将试件夹在试验机夹具上，以1m/min的速度进行拉伸，记下拉断时所施加的载荷大小，同时观察拉断时，试件端面涂层的剥落情况。
2、测试结果
测试例2实施例和对比例涂层耐腐蚀性能测试
1、测试方法
采用盐雾箱(厂商：ATLAS，牌号：FS-2000)设备进行240h铜盐加速醋酸盐雾试验(CASS)(ISO9227-2006)。
2、测试结果
| 第一阶段 | 第二阶段 | 第三阶段 | |
| 对比例 | 66h无变化 | 120h有腐蚀点 | 168h严重腐蚀 |
| 实施例 | 66h无变化 | 120h无变化 | 240h无腐蚀 |
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施方式，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是在本发明的发明构思下，利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换，或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (9)
1.一种铝合金轮毂，具有铝合金基体和附着在所述铝合金基体表面上的涂层，其特征在于，所述涂层在所述铝合金基体表面上依次包括由镍包铝或铝包镍粉末形成的预涂层、Cr3C2层和清漆层。
2.如权利要求1所述铝合金轮毂表面涂层，其特征在于，所述预涂层厚度为0.05～0.08mm。
3.如权利要求1所述铝合金轮毂表面涂层，其特征在于，所述Cr3C2层厚度为0.10～0.06mm，优选为0.08mm。
4.如权利要求1所述铝合金轮毂表面涂层，其特征在于，所述Cr3C2层的气孔率为1.5～2.5％，优选为1.8～2.0％。
5.如权利要求1所述铝合金轮毂表面涂层，其特征在于，所述清漆层厚度为0.40～0.08mm。
6.一种铝合金轮毂表面涂层的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：对所述铝合金轮毂的表面进行预处理、喷涂预涂层、喷涂Cr3C2层和后处理的步骤，所述喷涂Cr3C2层步骤为采用高速火焰喷涂法在铝合金轮毂表面形成厚度≥0.15mm的Cr3C2层，并精车为预定厚度。
7.根据权利要求6所述对铝合金轮毂表面涂层的方法，其特征在于，所述预处理步骤包括对铝合金轮毂表面进行脱脂、去污和除锈的清理，粗糙化和预热。
8.根据权利要求6所述对铝合金轮毂表面涂层的方法，其特征在于，所述喷涂预涂层步骤包括：采用高速火焰喷涂法在铝合金轮毂表面形成0.12～0.13mm的预涂层，并车削粗化为0.05～0.08mm，优选地，所述预涂层由镍包铝或铝包镍粉末形成。
9.根据权利要求6所述对铝合金轮毂表面涂层的方法，其特征在于，所述后处理步骤包括：经粒径0.5～1.0mm的硅砂进行喷砂处理后，喷涂罩光清漆装饰。
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Application publication date: 20200410 |