CN110981564A - Mango tree insecticide and maintenance method for mango trees - Google Patents
Mango tree insecticide and maintenance method for mango trees Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A mango tree insecticide, comprising: the pesticide A comprises potassium humate, glycolysis seaweed residues, grass peat, borage, castor bean leaves, fermented bean pulp and sea fish leftover fermentation hydrolysis materials; the pesticide B comprises salix leaf, garlic stem leaf, ginger, fennel root, organic solvent, fructus forsythiae and cortex meliae, the fertilizer effect pesticide A mainly provides fertilizer effect and assists in expelling insects and insects, and the pesticide B mainly kills insects; the fertilizer efficiency pesticide A and the fertilizer efficiency pesticide B are applied in the flower bud differentiation period, the flowering period, the fruit growth period and the mature period of the mango tree in sequence, so that the pest and disease resistance of the mango tree can be obviously improved, nutrients can be provided for the mango tree, the use amount of the traditional compound fertilizer and pesticide is greatly reduced, the environment is protected, the chemical residue is reduced, and the edible safety of the mango fruit is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant protection pest control, in particular to a mango tree insecticide and a maintenance method for mango trees.
Background
Mango belongs to the king of tropical fruits and contains various vitamins, carotene, protein, carbohydrate, fat, sugar and other nutritional values. It has effects of beautifying skin, preventing and treating hypertension, clearing intestine and stomach, and preventing constipation. For mango growers, mango pests are always the most concerned and most troublesome, such as pests like longicorn beetles, and striped rice moths, scale insects, wherein the longicorn beetles eat branches and trunks with larvae, so that the branches are dried up and broken or the trunks are folded down; the scale insects not only harm local branches and leaves of the crown, but also harm fruits in the growth stage of the mangoes and feed sap for reproduction. The leaves are often hidden on the back, and the damaged parts are yellow to influence photosynthesis; the branches eaten are easy to lose water, and the tree vigor is declined; fruits are damaged, peels of the fruits are rough, and in severe cases, a large amount of honeydew which is also secreted by scale insects is an optimal culture medium for the propagation of the soot diseases, so that the commodity of the fruits is greatly reduced; the lateral-line leaf moth mainly damages mango young shoots and flower ears, and young worms eat the young shoots and flower ears, so that the damaged parts are withered, the growth is seriously influenced, and the tree vigor is weakened. Certainly, mangoes are forced to be damaged by various insect pests during the planting and growing period, in the prior art, chemical pesticide reagents are mostly adopted to kill the pests, the chemical reagents can cause a large amount of pesticide residues while killing the living pests of the mangoes trees, the edible value of the mangoes is reduced, moreover, the mangoes belong to tropical plants, the pesticide can be brought into nearby rivers and underground water in rainy weather, and the use dosage and the range of the chemical reagents are greatly limited by the side effects.
With the requirement of the country on environmental protection and the pursuit of human beings on organic green foods, related researchers turn synthetic materials of the insecticide to the field of natural plants so as to achieve the purpose of green insecticide killing, and moreover, the improvement of the disease and insect pest resistance of mangoes becomes the key for improving the yield of the mangoes and reducing the usage amount of the insecticide.
Disclosure of Invention
A mango tree insecticide, comprising: the pesticide A is mainly used for improving the pest resistance of vegetation; the pesticide B is used for killing and expelling vegetation pests;
the fertilizer effect pesticide A comprises 18-20 parts of potassium humate, 6-15 parts of glycolysis seaweed residues, 10-15 parts of grass carbon, 10-15 parts of borage, 10-15 parts of castor leaves, 10-20 parts of fermented soybean meal and 10-20 parts of sea fish leftover fermentation hydrolysate; the pesticide B comprises 8-10 parts of salix leafmulberry leaves, 8-20 parts of garlic stems and leaves, 15-25 parts of ginger, 10-25 parts of common fennel roots, 9-15 parts of organic solvent, 5-15 parts of fructus forsythiae and 10-15 parts of chinaberry bark, wherein the total weight of water in the pesticide B, the salix leafmulberry leaves, the garlic stems and leaves, the ginger, the common fennel roots, the organic solvent, the fructus forsythiae and the chinaberry bark is 5: 1-8: 1.
The potassium humate can improve the soil aggregate structure, reduce the soil compactness, neutralize the soil PH and provide the activity of beneficial organisms in the soil; the seaweed residues contain a large amount of calcium fertilizer; the turf contains various elements such as rich nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, manganese and the like, and is a pure natural organic substance; the borage is a traditional Chinese medicine material, can enhance the disease resistance of vegetation and improve the yield, the leaves of the borage contain calcium, potassium and a plurality of trace elements, and the borage has the function of expelling moth and larvae of the moth in addition to the calcium, potassium and trace elements; the castor leaves not only can be used as fertilizer effect, but also have slight excitation effect on insects and can kill fly maggots and mosquito larvae; the fermented soybean meal provides a large amount of efficient probiotics and easily-absorbed peptides, and can promote decomposition and absorption of nutrient substances in the fertilizer-effect pesticide A and improve the fertilizer effect; the marine fish leftover fermentation hydrolysate has higher content and contains more beneficial decomposing bacteria, promotes the decomposition and absorption of nutrient substances and improves the fertilizer efficiency, the fertilizer efficiency A pesticide improves the absorption of nutrient components of vegetation and the resistance to plant diseases and insect pests on the basis of organic fertilizer efficiency, and simultaneously has the effects of slightly killing and severely expelling pests.
The cacumen biotae contains effective insecticidal components; the garlic stems and leaves are natural antibiotics, contain rich allicin, can sterilize and expel parasites, and the ginger contains gingerol, brass and terpenes, has the functions of oxidation resistance and antibiosis and has good insecticidal effect; the leaching solution of the red fennel root has stronger toxin and better sterilization and insecticidal functions; the organic solvent is mainly used for dissolving out the effective substances in the B insecticide; the fructus forsythiae has broad-spectrum antibacterial effect, has strong inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysenteriae, and can effectively inhibit bacteria and kill parasites.
Preferably, the mango tree pesticide A comprises 19 parts of potassium humate, 10 parts of glycolysis seaweed residues, 14 parts of grass peat, 12 parts of borage, 11 parts of castor leaves, 18 parts of fermented soybean meal, 11 parts of marine fish leftover fermentation hydrolysis materials, 4 parts of garlic and 1 part of peppermint oil; the pesticide B comprises 10 parts of salix leafmulberry leaves, 12 parts of garlic stems and leaves, 18 parts of ginger, 20 parts of common fennel roots, 10 parts of organic solvent, 15 parts of fructus forsythiae and 15 parts of chinaberry bark, wherein the total weight of water and the salix leafmulberry leaves, the garlic stems and leaves, the ginger, the common fennel roots, the organic solvent, the fructus forsythiae and the chinaberry bark in the pesticide B is 6: 1.
Preferably, the mango tree pesticide A comprises 20 parts of potassium humate, 15 parts of glycolysis seaweed residues, 10 parts of grass peat, 15 parts of borage, 15 parts of castor bean leaves, 10 parts of fermented soybean meal, 11 parts of sea fish leftover fermentation hydrolysis materials and 4 parts of garlic; the B insecticide comprises 9 parts of salix leafmulberry leaves, 11 parts of garlic stems and leaves, 25 parts of ginger, 15 parts of common fennel roots, 15 parts of organic solvent, 12 parts of fructus forsythiae and 13 parts of chinaberry bark, wherein the total weight of water and the salix leafmulberry leaves, the garlic stems and leaves, the ginger, the common fennel roots, the organic solvent, the fructus forsythiae and the chinaberry bark in the B insecticide is 7.5: 1.
Preferably, the preparation method of the mango tree pesticide and the glycolysis seaweed residue comprises the following steps:
1) mixing the seaweed residues with the water content of 55-65% with 0.5-1% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.5-1% of biological leavening agent, and uniformly mixing;
2) in the open air: flattening the fermentation product as much as possible, wherein the fermentation temperature is 50-55 ℃, and the fermentation product is turned at least twice every 0.5-1 hour, and the fermentation time is 25-30 days; and then, stacking and placing the fermentation products under a closed condition, and placing for 15-20 days for decomposition.
The use of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate can convert insoluble potassium alginate into soluble potassium alginate, and accelerate the fermentation and decomposition of the seaweed residues and the marine fish leftovers fermentation hydrolysis materials.
Preferably, the preparation method of the mango tree pesticide and the fermented soybean meal comprises the following steps: and (3) putting the soybean meal to be fermented into an enzymolysis tank, mixing 5-7% of fermentation enzyme, and performing enzymolysis for 7-8 hours.
The borage and the castor bean leaves in the fertilizer effect pesticide A are dried and crushed at low temperature and then are fully and uniformly mixed with other raw materials for use.
Preferably, the mango tree pesticide A comprises 3-5 parts of garlic, and preferably also comprises 5-10 parts of wild chrysanthemum flower or 0.4-1.5 parts of peppermint oil.
The garlic, the wild chrysanthemum flower and the peppermint oil can play a role in inhibiting bacteria, expelling insects and killing insects.
Preferably, the organic solvent in the mango tree pesticide B is vegetable oil, wherein the organic solvent may be one or two of soybean oil, cottonseed oil, rapeseed oil or other organic solvents.
Preferably, the preparation method of the mango tree pesticide B is as follows: drying folium Salicis Babylonicae, Bulbus Allii stem and leaf, rhizoma Zingiberis recens, radix Illicii Lanceolati, fructus forsythiae, and cortex Meliae in a dryer at low temperature, and grinding into plant medicinal powder; and (3) introducing the plant medicinal powder into a heat conduction container filled with water, placing the heat conduction container into an ultrasonic container for processing for 1 hour, then placing the heat conduction container into an organic solvent for continuing ultrasonic processing for 4-5 hours, wherein the temperature of the ultrasonic container is 50-65 ℃, and taking supernatant after the ultrasonic processing is finished.
A method for using the pesticide in maintenance of mango trees comprises the following specific steps:
01) mango flower bud differentiation period: fully mixing the fertilizer-effect pesticide A and soil according to a mass ratio of 1: 5-1: 3 about one month before the flowering of the mango tree, uniformly spreading the mixture in a range of 0.8-1.8 m around the mango tree, and paying attention to a period that the spreading time is within 1-2 days after rain and no large rainfall exists within at least 3 days after spreading, wherein the using amount of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A is 30-50 kg/plant; applying the fertilizer-effect pesticide A and/or the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer in the same way again one month after the flowering of the mango trees, wherein the using amount of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A is 20-30 kg per plant, according to the condition of diseases and pests of mango young shoots and flower ears through manual inspection, if no diseases and pests are found, mixing the pesticide B and water in a volume ratio of 1: 65-1: 80, uniformly spraying the pesticide B and the water to mango branches, young shoots and flower ears on rainy days in the near day, if moderate and light diseases and pests are found, mixing the pesticide B and the water in a volume ratio of 1: 40-1: 60, uniformly spraying the pesticide B and the water on rainy days in the near day, if no diseases and pests are found, mixing the pesticide B and the water in a volume ratio of 1: 30-1: 50, uniformly spraying the pesticide B and the water on rainy days in the near day for multiple times, and judging the mixing volume ratio of the pesticide B and the water by observing the condition of the mango diseases and pests in multiple spraying intervals;
02) bud development and flowering period: fully mixing the fertilizer-effect pesticide A with soil according to the mass ratio of 1: 8-1: 10, and uniformly spreading the mixture on the periphery of a mango tree within the range of 0.8-1.8 m, wherein the using amount of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A is 10-15 kg per plant;
due to the application of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A and the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer in the step 01), the using dosage of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A can be reduced, and the pesticide B and water are mixed in a volume ratio of 1: 30-1: 50 and are uniformly sprayed to mango branches in rainy days in the near day;
03) rapid fruit growth: spraying the insecticide B for 2-4 times in 10-50 days before bagging the fruits, wherein the mixed volume of the insecticide B and water is 1: 30-1: 50, and the insecticide B is sprayed to the branches and leaves of the mangoes and the fruits;
04) fruit mature period: applying 0.5-0.15 kg of fertilizer-effect pesticide A and 0.1-0.2 kg of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and high-potassium compound fertilizer per plant before picking fruits, wherein the fertilizer-effect pesticide A and the soil are fully mixed according to a mass ratio of 1: 5-1: 3 and then uniformly spread in a range of 0.8-1.8 m around the mango tree in order to promote the restoration of tree vigor, sprout and sprout as soon as possible and control the insect pests in the growth period of the next round in advance (the using amount of the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and the high-potassium compound fertilizer is reduced), and the using amount of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A is 20-30 kg per plant; and (3) burying the fertilizer-effect pesticide A in a range of 0.8-1.8 m around the mango tree by combining soil turning when the final tip turns green after picking, wherein the using amount of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A is 30-50 kg per plant.
The application of the insecticide related to the invention in the field of mango maintenance is mainly described, the mango tree maintenance is not limited, fruit growers can use the maintenance method in the prior art according to previous experience, but the nutrient fertilizer and pesticide are used, and the use dosage of the insecticide with fertilizer effect A and the insecticide with fertilizer effect B is reduced as appropriate or even saved, so that the use of the nutrient fertilizer and pesticide is reduced as much as possible while the mango maintenance effect is improved, and the environment is protected.
The following specific embodiments further illustrate the invention.
Detailed Description
A mango tree insecticide, comprising: the pesticide A is mainly used for improving the pest resistance of vegetation; the pesticide B is used for killing and expelling vegetation pests;
the fertilizer efficiency pesticide A comprises 15 parts of potassium humate, 12 parts of glycolysis seaweed residues, 13 parts of grass peat, 12 parts of borage, 13.5 parts of castor leaves, 15 parts of fermented soybean meal, 15 parts of marine fish leftover fermentation hydrolysis materials, 3 parts of garlic and 1.5 parts of peppermint oil; the B insecticide comprises 10 parts of salix leafmulberry leaves, 15 parts of garlic stem leaves, 20 parts of ginger, 20 parts of common fennel roots, 10 parts of organic solvent, 10 parts of fructus forsythiae and 15 parts of chinaberry bark, wherein the total weight of water and the salix leafmulberry leaves, the garlic stem leaves, the ginger, the common fennel roots, the organic solvent, the fructus forsythiae and the chinaberry bark in the B insecticide is 5.5: 1.
The preparation method of the glycolysis seaweed residues comprises the following steps:
1) mixing the seaweed residues with the water content of 55-65% with 0.8% of monopotassium phosphate and 1% of biological leavening agent, and uniformly mixing;
2) in the open air: flattening the fermented product as much as possible, wherein the fermentation temperature is 53 ℃, turning over the fermented product twice every 1 hour, and the fermentation time is 25-30 days; and then, stacking and placing the fermentation products under a closed condition, and placing for 15-20 days for decomposition.
The preparation method of the fermented soybean meal comprises the following steps: and (3) putting the soybean meal to be fermented into an enzymolysis tank, mixing 6% of fermentation enzyme, and performing enzymolysis for 7-8 hours.
The borage and the castor bean leaves in the fertilizer effect pesticide A are dried and crushed at low temperature and then are fully and uniformly mixed with other raw materials for use.
The organic solvent in the B pesticide is vegetable oil, wherein the vegetable oil can be soybean oil or/and cottonseed oil.
The preparation method of the B pesticide comprises the following steps: drying folium Salicis Babylonicae, Bulbus Allii stem and leaf, rhizoma Zingiberis recens, radix Illicii Lanceolati, fructus forsythiae, and cortex Meliae in a dryer at low temperature, and grinding into plant medicinal powder; and (3) introducing the plant medicinal powder into a heat conduction container filled with water, placing the heat conduction container into an ultrasonic container for processing for 1 hour, then placing the heat conduction container into an organic solvent for continuing ultrasonic processing for 4-5 hours, wherein the temperature of the ultrasonic container is 50-65 ℃, and taking supernatant after the ultrasonic processing is finished.
Experiment 1:
01) mango flower bud differentiation period: fully mixing the fertilizer-effect pesticide A and soil according to a mass ratio of 1:3 about one month before the flowering of the mango tree, uniformly spreading the mixture in a range of 1.5m around the mango tree, and paying attention to a period that the spreading time is within 1-2 days after rain and no large rainfall exists within at least 3 days after spreading, wherein the using amount of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A is 50 kg per plant; applying the fertilizer-effect pesticide A in the same manner again one month after the mango tree blooms, wherein the using amount of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A is 30 kg/plant, manually checking the pest and disease conditions of mango young shoots and flower ears, mixing the pesticide B and water in a volume ratio of 1:65 if no pest and disease is found, uniformly spraying the pesticide B and water to mango branches, young shoots and flower ears on rainy days in the near day, mixing the pesticide B and water in a volume ratio of 1:40 if moderate and mild pests are found, uniformly spraying the pesticide B and water on rainy days in the near day, mixing the pesticide B and water in a volume ratio of 1:30 if no pest and disease is found, uniformly spraying the pesticide B and water on rainy days in the near day for multiple times, and judging the mixing volume ratio of the pesticide B and water according to the condition of observing the pest and disease in the multiple spraying intervals;
02) bud development and flowering period: fully mixing the fertilizer-effect pesticide A with soil according to the mass ratio of 1:8, and uniformly sowing the mixture in a range of 1.5m around mango trees, wherein the using amount of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A is 15 kg per plant;
due to the application of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A and the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer in the step 01), the using dosage of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A can be reduced, and the pesticide B and water are mixed in a volume ratio of 1:30 and are uniformly sprayed to mango branches in rainy days;
03) rapid fruit growth: spraying insecticide B for 3 times in 40 days before bagging the fruits, wherein the mixed volume of the insecticide B and water is 1:30, and the insecticide B is sprayed to the branches and the leaves of the mangoes and the fruits;
04) fruit mature period: applying 0.15 kg of fertilizer-effect pesticide A and 0.2 kg of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and high-potassium compound fertilizer per plant before picking fruits, wherein the fertilizer-effect pesticide A is fully mixed with soil in a mass ratio of 1:3 and then uniformly spread in a range of 1.5m around the mango tree, and the using amount of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A is 30 kg per plant in order to promote the restoration of tree vigor, sprout and sprout autumn tips as soon as possible and prevent and treat insect pests in the growth period of the next round in advance (the using amount of the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and the high-potassium compound fertilizer is reduced); and (3) burying the fertilizer-effect pesticide A in a range of 1.5m around the mango tree by combining soil turning when the terminal tip begins to turn green after picking, wherein the using amount of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A is 50 kg per plant.
Experiment 2:
01) mango flower bud differentiation period: fully mixing the fertilizer-effect pesticide A and soil according to a mass ratio of 1:3 about one month before the flowering of the mango tree, uniformly spreading the mixture in a range of 1.5m around the mango tree, and paying attention to a period that the spreading time is within 1-2 days after rain and no large rainfall exists within at least 3 days after spreading, wherein the using amount of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A is 50 kg per plant; applying 0.1 kg of fertilizer-effect pesticide A and 0.1 kg of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer per plant in the same manner again one month after the flowering of the mango trees, wherein the using amount of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A is 30 kg per plant, according to the method, the disease and pest conditions of mango young shoots and flower ears are manually checked, if no disease and pest is found, the pesticide B and water are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:65 and uniformly sprayed to mango branches, young shoots and flower ears on rainy days in the near day, if moderate and light diseases and pests are found, the pesticide B and water are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:40 and uniformly sprayed on rainy days in the near day, if no disease and pest is found, the pesticide B and water are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:30 and uniformly sprayed on rainy days in the near day for multiple times, and the mixed volume ratio of the pesticide B and water is judged by observing the disease and pest conditions in multiple spraying intervals;
02) bud development and flowering period: fully mixing the fertilizer-effect pesticide A with soil according to the mass ratio of 1:8, and uniformly sowing the mixture in a range of 1.5m around mango trees, wherein the using amount of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A is 15 kg per plant and the using amount of phosphate fertilizer is 0.1 kg per plant; mixing the insecticide B with water in a volume ratio of 1:30, and uniformly spraying the insecticide B to mango branches and trunks on rainy days in the near day;
03) rapid fruit growth: spraying insecticide B for 3 times in 40 days before bagging the fruits, wherein the mixed volume of the insecticide B and water is 1:30, and the insecticide B is sprayed to the branches and the leaves of the mangoes and the fruits;
04) fruit mature period: applying 0.15 kg of fertilizer-effect pesticide A and 0.2 kg of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and high-potassium compound fertilizer per plant before picking fruits, wherein the fertilizer-effect pesticide A is fully mixed with soil in a mass ratio of 1:3 and then uniformly spread in a range of 1.5m around the mango tree, and the using amount of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A is 30 kg per plant in order to promote the restoration of tree vigor, sprout and sprout autumn tips as soon as possible and prevent and treat insect pests in the growth period of the next round in advance (the using amount of the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and the high-potassium compound fertilizer is reduced); and (3) burying the fertilizer-effect pesticide A in a range of 1.5m around the mango tree by combining soil turning when the terminal tip begins to turn green after picking, wherein the using amount of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A is 50 kg per plant.
Experiment 3:
01) mango flower bud differentiation period: fully mixing the fertilizer-effect pesticide A with soil according to a mass ratio of 1:5 about one month before the flowering of the mango tree, uniformly spreading the mixture in a range of 1.5m around the mango tree, and paying attention to a period that the spreading time is within 1-2 days after rain and no large rainfall exists within at least 3 days after spreading, wherein the using amount of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A is 30 kg/plant; applying the fertilizer-effect pesticide A in the same manner again one month after the mango tree blooms, wherein the using amount of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A is 20 kg/plant, manually checking the pest and disease conditions of mango young shoots and flower ears, mixing the pesticide B and water in a volume ratio of 1:60 and uniformly spraying the mixture to mango branches, young shoots and flower ears on rainy days in the near day if no pest and disease is found, mixing the pesticide B and water in a volume ratio of 1:60 and uniformly spraying the mixture on rainy days in the near day if moderate and mild pests are found, mixing the pesticide B and water in a volume ratio of 1:50 and uniformly spraying the mixture for multiple times on rainy days in the near day if no pest and disease is found, and judging the mixing volume ratio of the pesticide B and water according to the condition of observing the pest and disease in the multiple spraying intervals;
02) bud development and flowering period: fully mixing the fertilizer-effect pesticide A with soil according to the mass ratio of 1:10, and uniformly sowing the mixture in a range of 1.5m around mango trees, wherein the using amount of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A is 10 kg per plant;
due to the application of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A and the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer in the step 01), the using dosage of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A can be reduced, and the pesticide B and water are mixed in a volume ratio of 1:50 and uniformly sprayed to mango branches and trunks on rainy days in the near day;
03) rapid fruit growth: spraying insecticide B for 3 times in 40 days before bagging the fruits, wherein the mixed volume of the insecticide B and water is 1:50, and the insecticide B is sprayed to the branches and the leaves of the mangoes and the fruits;
04) fruit mature period: applying 0.5 kg of fertilizer-effect pesticide A and 0.1 kg of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and high-potassium compound fertilizer per plant before picking fruits, wherein the fertilizer-effect pesticide A is fully mixed with soil in a mass ratio of 1:5 and then uniformly spread in a range of 1.5m around the mango tree, and the using amount of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A is 20 kg per plant in order to promote the restoration of tree vigor, sprout and sprout autumn tips as soon as possible and prevent and treat insect pests in the growth period of the next round in advance (the using amount of the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and the high-potassium compound fertilizer is reduced); and (3) burying the fertilizer-effect pesticide A in a range of 1.5m around the mango tree by combining soil turning when the terminal tip begins to turn green after picking, wherein the using amount of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A is 30 kg per plant.
Experiment 4:
01) mango flower bud differentiation period: fully mixing the fertilizer-effect pesticide A with soil according to a mass ratio of 1:5 about one month before the flowering of the mango tree, uniformly spreading the mixture in a range of 1.5m around the mango tree, and paying attention to a period that the spreading time is within 1-2 days after rain and no large rainfall exists within at least 3 days after spreading, wherein the using amount of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A is 30 kg/plant; applying 0.2 kg of fertilizer-effect pesticide A and 0.2 kg of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer per plant in the same manner again one month after the flowering of the mango trees, wherein the using amount of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A is 20 kg per plant, according to the method, the disease and pest conditions of mango young shoots and flower ears are manually checked, if no disease and pest is found, the pesticide B and water are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:60 and uniformly sprayed to mango branches, young shoots and flower ears on rainy days in the near day, if moderate and light diseases and pests are found, the pesticide B and water are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:60 and uniformly sprayed on rainy days in the near day, if no disease and pest is found, the pesticide B and water are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:50 and uniformly sprayed on rainy days in the near day for multiple times, and the condition of the mango disease and pest is observed in multiple spraying intervals to judge the mixing volume ratio of the pesticide B and water;
02) bud development and flowering period: fully mixing the fertilizer-effect pesticide A with soil according to the mass ratio of 1:10, and uniformly sowing the mixture in a range of 1.5m around mango trees, wherein the using amount of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A is 10 kg per plant and the using amount of phosphate fertilizer is 0.1 kg per plant; mixing the insecticide B with water in a volume ratio of 1:50, and uniformly spraying the insecticide B to mango branches and trunks on rainy days in the near day;
03) rapid fruit growth: spraying insecticide B for 3 times in 40 days before bagging the fruits, wherein the mixed volume of the insecticide B and water is 1:50, and the insecticide B is sprayed to the branches and the leaves of the mangoes and the fruits;
04) fruit mature period: applying 0.5 kg of fertilizer-effect pesticide A and 0.1 kg of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and high-potassium compound fertilizer per plant before picking fruits, wherein the fertilizer-effect pesticide A is fully mixed with soil in a mass ratio of 1:5 and then uniformly spread in a range of 1.5m around the mango tree, and the using amount of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A is 20 kg per plant in order to promote the restoration of tree vigor, sprout and sprout autumn tips as soon as possible and prevent and treat insect pests in the growth period of the next round in advance (the using amount of the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and the high-potassium compound fertilizer is reduced); and (3) burying the fertilizer-effect pesticide A in a range of 1.5m around the mango tree by combining soil turning when the terminal tip begins to turn green after picking, wherein the using amount of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A is 30 kg per plant.
The results of the above experimental comparisons are as follows:
disease and pest incidence rate: the ratio of the incidence average area of mango trees to the total average area of mango tree coverage; the growth vigor of mango trees: the use of the insecticide and the maintenance method of the invention is compared with the use of traditional chemical insecticide, wherein the growth vigor of mango trees is A in the traditional maintenance method; the yield is all researched by mango trees with 7 years of age and similar height and volume.
The above experiment 4 is only representative of a number of experiments, and in the case of the same type of insecticide according to the invention: when the using dosage tends to a larger range, the disease resistance of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A to mango trees is improved and the fertilizer effect is supplied, so that the use of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers can be reduced and even saved, and the good yield prospect of mangoes is ensured; when the dosage is in a smaller range, the disease resistance and fertilizer efficiency supply of mango trees can be improved properly by applying quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, and the conclusion is as follows: the pesticide provided by the invention can basically replace the traditional chemical fertilizer and pesticide, but can properly supplement a small amount of traditional pesticide and fertilizer on the premise of ensuring the normal growth state of mango trees.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A mango tree insecticide, comprising: the pesticide A is mainly used for improving the pest resistance of vegetation; the pesticide B is used for killing and expelling vegetation pests; the method is characterized in that: the fertilizer effect pesticide A comprises 18-20 parts of potassium humate, 6-15 parts of glycolysis seaweed residues, 10-15 parts of grass carbon, 10-15 parts of borage, 10-15 parts of castor leaves, 10-20 parts of fermented soybean meal and 10-20 parts of sea fish leftover fermentation hydrolysate; the pesticide B comprises 8-10 parts of salix leafmulberry leaves, 8-20 parts of garlic stems and leaves, 15-25 parts of ginger, 10-25 parts of common fennel roots, 9-15 parts of organic solvent, 5-15 parts of fructus forsythiae and 10-15 parts of chinaberry bark, wherein the total weight of water in the pesticide B, the salix leafmulberry leaves, the garlic stems and leaves, the ginger, the common fennel roots, the organic solvent, the fructus forsythiae and the chinaberry bark is 5: 1-8: 1.
2. The mango tree insecticide of claim 1, wherein: the fertilizer effect pesticide A comprises 3-5 parts of garlic, preferably 5-10 parts of wild chrysanthemum flower or 0.4-1.5 parts of peppermint oil.
3. The mango tree insecticide of claim 1, wherein: the organic solvent in the B pesticide is vegetable oil, wherein the organic solvent can be one or two of soybean oil, cottonseed oil, rapeseed oil or other organic solvents.
4. The mango tree insecticide of claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the glycolysis seaweed residues comprises the following steps:
1) mixing the seaweed residues with the water content of 55-65% with 0.5-1% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.5-1% of biological leavening agent, and uniformly mixing;
2) in the open air: flattening the fermentation product as much as possible, wherein the fermentation temperature is 50-55 ℃, and the fermentation product is turned at least twice every 0.5-1 hour, and the fermentation time is 25-30 days; and then, stacking and placing the fermentation products under a closed condition, and placing for 15-20 days for decomposition.
5. The mango tree insecticide of claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the fermented soybean meal comprises the following steps: and (3) putting the soybean meal to be fermented into an enzymolysis tank, mixing 5-7% of fermentation enzyme, and performing enzymolysis for 7-8 hours.
6. The mango tree insecticide of claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the B insecticide comprises the following steps: drying folium Salicis Babylonicae, Bulbus Allii stem and leaf, rhizoma Zingiberis recens, radix Illicii Lanceolati, fructus forsythiae, and cortex Meliae in a dryer at low temperature, and grinding into plant medicinal powder; and (3) introducing the plant medicinal powder into a heat conduction container filled with water, placing the heat conduction container into an ultrasonic container for processing for 1 hour, then placing the heat conduction container into an organic solvent for continuing ultrasonic processing for 4-5 hours, wherein the temperature of the ultrasonic container is 50-65 ℃, and taking supernatant after the ultrasonic processing is finished.
7. The mango tree insecticide of claim 2, wherein: the fertilizer effect pesticide A comprises 19 parts of potassium humate, 10 parts of glycolysis seaweed residues, 14 parts of grass peat, 12 parts of borage, 11 parts of castor bean leaves, 18 parts of fermented bean pulp, 11 parts of sea fish leftover fermentation hydrolysate, 4 parts of garlic and 1 part of peppermint oil; the pesticide B comprises 10 parts of salix leafmulberry leaves, 12 parts of garlic stems and leaves, 18 parts of ginger, 20 parts of common fennel roots, 10 parts of organic solvent, 15 parts of fructus forsythiae and 15 parts of chinaberry bark, wherein the total weight of water and the salix leafmulberry leaves, the garlic stems and leaves, the ginger, the common fennel roots, the organic solvent, the fructus forsythiae and the chinaberry bark in the pesticide B is 6: 1.
8. The mango tree insecticide of claim 2, wherein: the fertilizer efficiency pesticide A comprises 20 parts of potassium humate, 15 parts of glycolysis seaweed residues, 10 parts of grass peat, 15 parts of borage, 15 parts of castor bean leaves, 10 parts of fermented bean pulp, 11 parts of sea fish leftover fermentation hydrolysate and 4 parts of garlic; the B insecticide comprises 9 parts of salix leafmulberry leaves, 11 parts of garlic stems and leaves, 25 parts of ginger, 15 parts of common fennel roots, 15 parts of organic solvent, 12 parts of fructus forsythiae and 13 parts of chinaberry bark, wherein the total weight of water and the salix leafmulberry leaves, the garlic stems and leaves, the ginger, the common fennel roots, the organic solvent, the fructus forsythiae and the chinaberry bark in the B insecticide is 7.5: 1.
9. The method for maintaining a mango tree by using the mango tree insecticide as defined in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein:
01) mango flower bud differentiation period: fully mixing the fertilizer-effect pesticide A and soil according to a mass ratio of 1: 5-1: 3 about one month before the flowering of the mango tree, uniformly spreading the mixture in a range of 0.8-1.8 m around the mango tree, and paying attention to a period that the spreading time is within 1-2 days after rain and no large rainfall exists within at least 3 days after spreading, wherein the using amount of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A is 30-50 kg/plant; applying the fertilizer-effect pesticide A and/or the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer in the same way once a month after the flowering of the mango trees, wherein the using amount of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A is 20-30 kg per plant, according to the condition of diseases and pests of mango young shoots and flower ears through manual inspection, if no diseases and pests are found, mixing the pesticide B and water in a volume ratio of 1: 65-1: 80, uniformly spraying the pesticide B and the water to mango branches, young shoots and flower ears on rainy days in the near day, if moderate and light diseases and pests are found, mixing the pesticide B and the water in a volume ratio of 1: 40-1: 60, uniformly spraying the pesticide B and the water on rainy days in the near day, if no diseases and pests are found, mixing the pesticide B and the water in a volume ratio of 1: 30-1: 50, uniformly spraying the pesticide B and the water on rainy days in the near day for multiple times, and judging the mixing volume ratio of the pesticide B and the water by observing the condition of the mango diseases and pests in multiple spraying intervals;
02) bud development and flowering period: fully mixing the fertilizer-effect pesticide A with soil according to the mass ratio of 1: 8-1: 10, and uniformly spreading the mixture on the periphery of a mango tree within the range of 0.8-1.8 m, wherein the using amount of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A is 10-15 kg per plant; mixing the insecticide B with water according to the volume ratio of 1: 30-1: 50, and uniformly spraying the insecticide B to mango branches in rainy days;
03) rapid fruit growth: spraying the insecticide B for 2-4 times in 10-50 days before bagging the fruits, wherein the mixed volume of the insecticide B and water is 1: 30-1: 50, and the insecticide B is sprayed to the branches and leaves of the mangoes and the fruits;
04) fruit mature period: applying 0.5-0.15 kg of fertilizer-effect pesticide A and 0.1-0.2 kg of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and high-potassium compound fertilizer per plant before picking fruits, wherein the fertilizer-effect pesticide A and the soil are fully mixed according to a mass ratio of 1: 5-1: 3 and then uniformly spread in a range of 0.8-1.8 m around the mango tree in order to promote the restoration of tree vigor, sprout and sprout as soon as possible and control the insect pests in the growth period of the next round in advance (the using amount of the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and the high-potassium compound fertilizer is reduced), and the using amount of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A is 20-30 kg per plant; and (3) burying the fertilizer-effect pesticide A in a range of 0.8-1.8 m around the mango tree by combining soil turning when the final tip turns green after picking, wherein the using amount of the fertilizer-effect pesticide A is 30-50 kg per plant.
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| CN112544638A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-03-26 | 海南凯治实业发展有限公司 | Mango flower and fruit retention biological agent |
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