CN110981562A - Use of stevia preparations in agriculture - Google Patents

Use of stevia preparations in agriculture Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110981562A
CN110981562A CN201910872124.1A CN201910872124A CN110981562A CN 110981562 A CN110981562 A CN 110981562A CN 201910872124 A CN201910872124 A CN 201910872124A CN 110981562 A CN110981562 A CN 110981562A
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preparation
stevia
stevia rebaudiana
test
soil
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赵一梦
奚印慈
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Shanghai Weiqiu Kangjing Biotechnology Co Ltd
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Shanghai Weiqiu Kangjing Biotechnology Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Abstract

The invention provides the application of stevia rebaudiana in agriculture, belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and discloses the application of a stevia rebaudiana preparation in activating soil microbiota and/or promoting plant growth, wherein the stevia rebaudiana preparation comprises a stevia rebaudiana original plant preparation and/or a stevia rebaudiana extract preparation; the stevia extract preparation is obtained by fermenting epiphytic bacteria in stevia raw material; the epiphytic bacteria include lactobacillus or bacillus subtilis. The stevia rebaudiana preparation has extremely effective plant growth promoting effect and soil microbial population activating effect, has the effects of reducing pesticide residues and degrading nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in plants, can improve soil, promote root growth, enhance the disease resistance of crops, improve the quality and yield of agricultural products, improve safety and prolong the storage life of the agricultural products. The invention also provides application of stevia rebaudiana in preparing agricultural compost, application in improving saline-alkali soil and application in repairing soil polluted by radioactive nuclide cesium.

Description

Use of stevia preparations in agriculture
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to application of a stevia rebaudiana preparation in agriculture.
Background
Stevia rebaudiana (Stevia rebaudiana) belongs to the family of Compositae, and is named Stevia rebaudiana, sweet grass, sugar grass in Brazil, sweet grass in yerba mate and sweet tea, and is one of sugar plants with high sweetness. Stevia rebaudiana native product eastern paraguay, is a natural herb with high sweetness, low calorie, no toxicity and no side effect, and the stevioside extracted from the leaves of the stevia rebaudiana is widely used as a natural sweetener for a long time, the sweetness of the stevioside is 300 times of that of cane sugar, the heat energy is only 1/90, the stevioside is safe to eat, is a highly appreciated natural sugar source, and is widely applied to the industries of food, medicine, fertilizer, feed and the like. The main component in the stevia rebaudiana dry leaves is stevioside, which not only has high sweetness and low heat, but also has certain pharmacological action. Research proves that the stevia rebaudiana sugar has the main effects of treating diabetes, controlling blood sugar, reducing blood pressure, resisting tumors and diarrhea, improving immunity, promoting metabolism and the like, has good effects of controlling obesity, regulating gastric acid and recovering nerve fatigue, also has obvious curative effects on heart diseases, children decayed teeth and the like, and most importantly, can eliminate the side effect of cane sugar. Therefore, stevia has become a hot spot for research and development in the fields of food and medicine. The stevia rebaudiana residue not only has extremely high organic matter content, but also contains a certain amount of minerals such as calcium, magnesium and the like, and can be used as an organic fertilizer for improving and fertilizing soil. In the actual production, after the thoroughly decomposed stevia rebaudiana residue is mixed with the basic matrix according to a certain proportion, the soil suitable for raising seedlings of vegetables and fruits such as muskmelons, watermelons, oranges, tomatoes and the like can be prepared. The seedling raising soil can promote the quick growth and development of seedlings, increase the dry and fresh matter weight of the seedlings, promote the early maturing of vegetables and fruits, increase the sweetness of the vegetables and the fruits, and is a good seedling raising substrate. The stevia rebaudiana leaf residues are added into the culture fungus compost, so that the requirement of the edible fungus on nutrients can be met, the requirements of the edible fungus on various trace elements, vitamins and air permeability can also be met, the fungus growing speed is high, the fungus quality is good, and the yield is high. The needle mushroom cultivated by soil containing stevia rebaudiana residue has slight sweet taste and unique flavor; the cultivated tremella grows white and big. The stevia rebaudiana leaf residue is rich in trace elements and comprehensive in nutritional ingredients, such as amino acid, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, vitamins and the like, is a good feed raw material, is further processed into feed for livestock, can be used for treating diseases such as inappetence, hypodynamia, slow growth, oestrus, diarrhea, unsmooth respiratory tract and the like of the livestock, and can also improve milk quality, meat quality and the like. Therefore, the natural plant stevia rebaudiana has great development and application prospects, and the stevioside is not involved in the metabolism of a human body and does not generate heat after being absorbed into the human body, so that the stevia rebaudiana is a non-sugar non-nutritional sweetener and has a plurality of health-care and pharmacological effects. Meanwhile, the development of ecological agriculture of governments should be responded actively, the scientific research strength of comprehensive utilization of stevia rebaudiana straws and byproducts thereof is enhanced, high-quality livestock and poultry feeds, fermentation bed harmless padding, organic fertilizers and the like are produced, the planting benefit is increased, the pollution can be reduced, and the development of livestock and poultry breeding industry is further expanded.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the application of stevia rebaudiana in agriculture, and the prepared stevia rebaudiana preparation has extremely effective plant growth promoting effect and soil microbial community activating effect, can improve soil, promote root growth, enhance the disease resistance of crops, improve the quality, yield and safety of agricultural products and prolong the storage life of the agricultural products.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows:
use of a stevia preparation for activating soil microbiota and/or promoting plant growth, wherein the stevia preparation comprises a stevia original strain preparation and/or a stevia extract preparation; the stevia extract preparation is obtained by fermenting epiphytic bacteria in stevia raw material; the epiphytic bacteria include lactobacillus or bacillus subtilis.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a preparation method of a stevia extract preparation comprises:
firstly), putting stevia rebaudiana raw material into the extraction solution for extraction;
secondly), mixing and concentrating the extract obtained in the step one);
thirdly), fermenting and maturing the concentrated solution obtained in the second) step to obtain a stevia rebaudiana extract preparation, namely a liquid preparation;
the stevia raw material contains 0-100 wt% of stevia stems and 0-50 wt% of stevia leaves.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, 100 to 20000ppm of citric acid is added to the liquid preparation during the preparation process.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the stevia extract preparation contains phenols, flavones and potassium ions.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the phenols in the stevia extract preparation include allyl-6-methoxyphenol.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the stevia preparation is used in at least one of the following: before planting, during planting, for fruit trees, lawns, fresh flowers and forestry.
The invention also provides application of the stevia rebaudiana preparation in preparing agricultural compost.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the preparation method of the agricultural compost comprises the following steps:
adding above sweet stevia preparation into animal feces, adding dried wheat straw and/or dried rice straw, mixing, stacking, and naturally fermenting until no odor exists.
The invention also provides application of the stevia rebaudiana preparation in improving saline-alkali soil.
The invention also provides application of the stevia rebaudiana preparation in repairing soil polluted by radioactive nuclide cesium.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the stevia rebaudiana preparation is used for preparing an agricultural preparation for activating soil microbiota and/or promoting plant growth, can promote the propagation of useful microorganisms, has the effect of quickly improving the reduction of the soil texture of blocking and hardening caused by overuse of chemical fertilizers, can enhance the autoimmunity of plants, reduces the residual amount of nitric nitrogen and nitrous nitrogen, and improves the quality of the nitric nitrogen and nitrous nitrogen; the agricultural compost prepared by the stevia rebaudiana preparation can solve the phenomenon of weed clustering caused by applying the compost, and reduces or does not use herbicides and pesticides; the stevia rebaudiana preparation can also inhibit the absorption of plant roots to sodium in the field, effectively absorb potassium necessary for growth and restore soil of coastal or mountain saline-alkali soil; the stevia rebaudiana extract preparation can also reduce the influence of main radioactive element cesium of a nuclear power station, and provides a new method for effectively repairing soil radioactive element cesium pollution.
The invention adopts the technical scheme to provide the application of the stevia rebaudiana in agriculture, makes up the defects of the prior art, and has reasonable design and convenient operation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing a comparison of the DPPH radical scavenging ability of four components I, II, III and IV in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a GC-MS characteristic map of component IV in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of experimental division in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the root length of seedlings of each test group on the 12 th and 26 th days after the transplanting of the seedlings in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of experimental division in example 6 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is the mortality rate in the growing period and the total number of flowers in the flowering period of a strawberry plant of example 6 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is the soluble solids and polyphenol content of strawberries in example 6 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 shows the yield of the chicken feather vegetables in example 7 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 shows the individual grain weight, vitamin C content and polyphenol content of three different varieties of grapes in example 9 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is the results of the effect of stevia preparations on nitric nitrogen in agricultural products in example 11 of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is the results of the effect of stevia preparations on carrot root length in example 11 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail.
While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and are herein described in detail. It is not intended to limit the invention to the particular form disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
These examples are provided only for more specifically illustrating the present invention, and it is apparent to those skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples according to the gist of the present invention.
One embodiment of the invention provides the use of a stevia preparation for activating soil microbiota and/or promoting plant growth, wherein the stevia preparation comprises a stevia original strain preparation and/or a stevia extract preparation; the stevia extract preparation is obtained by fermenting epiphytic bacteria in stevia raw material; the epiphytic bacteria include lactobacillus or bacillus subtilis. Has the following advantages: the immunity of plants can be enhanced, and the capabilities of disease resistance and natural disaster resistance are improved; can decompose and reduce the toxicity of chemical fertilizers and pesticides; the residual amount of nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen can be reduced; the soil can be optimized, so that useful microorganisms can be normally propagated; can promote the healthy growth of plants, increase the yield and improve the taste of agricultural products; the product can increase yield, increase sweetness and prolong storage period when used for melons and fruits; the method is used for planting high-price vegetables, can shorten the growth period, increase the yield and prolong the storage period; when the fertilizer is used for planting grains such as rice, wheat, corn and the like, the quality can be improved, and the yield and disease resistance effects are obvious; can increase the content of vitamins and minerals in plants, and improve the nutritive value of plants. However, the preparations prepared from stevia extract cannot be mixed with or used together with antibacterial drugs, and when a lot of insect pests occur, the spraying on the leaf surface should be controlled, and soil spreading or root irrigation may be adopted.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the original stevia plant preparation includes a powdery preparation or a granular preparation. Drying and crushing original plants of stevia rebaudiana Bertoni to obtain a powdery preparation, wherein the preferable size of the powdery preparation is 20-50 meshes, but the powdery preparation is smaller than 20 meshes, or larger than 20 meshes, and even larger, the using effect is not influenced. Drying original plant of stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, pulverizing, and granulating to obtain granular preparation. The granular preparation has the diameter of 3-5 mm, can avoid the inconvenience of raising the powder with wind, but has the same components and the same using method and effect as the powder. The original stevia rebaudiana plant contains 0-100 wt% of stems of stevia rebaudiana and 0-100 wt% of leaves of stevia rebaudiana, for example, 100 wt% of stevia rebaudiana leaves, 5 wt% of stevia rebaudiana stem and 95 wt% of stevia rebaudiana leaves, 10 wt% of stevia rebaudiana stem and 90 wt% of stevia rebaudiana leaves, 20 wt% of stevia rebaudiana stem and 80 wt% of stevia rebaudiana leaves, 25 wt% of stevia rebaudiana stem and 75 wt% of stevia rebaudiana leaves, 40 wt% of stevia rebaudiana stem and 60 wt% of stevia rebaudiana leaves, 50 wt% of stevia rebaudiana stem and 50 wt% stevia rebaudiana leaves, 60 wt% stevia rebaudiana stem and 40 wt% stevia rebaudiana leaves, 70 wt% stevia rebaudiana stem and 30 wt% stevia rebaudiana leaves, 80 wt% stevia rebaudiana stem and 20 wt% stevia rebaudiana leaves, 95 wt% stevia rebaudiana stem and 5 wt% stevia rebaudiana leaves, 99.5 wt% stevia rebaudiana stem and 0.05 wt% stevia rebaudiana leaves, 100 wt% stevia rebaudiana stems, and the like. Preferably, the original stevia plant preparation can be prepared by the following method: the granular preparation or powdered preparation for agricultural use produced by the method, which has a growth promoting effect superior to that of the powder of the stem and leaf of stevia rebaudiana alone, is obtained by drying the mixed residue of the stem and leaf of stevia rebaudiana extracted with hot water and then mixing the dried raw materials of the stem and leaf without extraction processing, because the residue extracted with hot water is presumed to be more suitable for the growth of actinomycetes.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method of the stevia extract preparation comprises:
firstly), putting stevia rebaudiana raw material into the extraction solution for extraction;
secondly), mixing and concentrating the extract obtained in the step one);
thirdly), fermenting and maturing the concentrated solution obtained in the second) step to obtain a stevia rebaudiana extract preparation, namely a liquid preparation;
wherein the stevia raw material is in the form of powder or granule or truncated rod or bough, and contains 0-100 wt% of stevia stem and 0-50 wt% of stevia leaf, such as 100 wt% of stevia leaf, 5 wt% of stevia stem and 95 wt% of stevia leaf, 10 wt% of stevia stem and 90 wt% of stevia leaf, 20 wt% of stevia stem and 80 wt% of stevia leaf, 50 wt% of stevia stem and 50 wt% of stevia leaf, 60 wt% of stevia stem and 40 wt% of stevia leaf, 70 wt% of stevia stem and 30 wt% of stevia leaf, 80 wt% of stevia stem and 20 wt% of stevia leaf, 90 wt% of stevia stem and 10 wt% of stevia leaf, 95 wt% of stevia stem and 5 wt% of stevia leaf, 99.5 wt% of stem of stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, 0.05 wt% of leaf of stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, 100 wt% of stem of stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, etc. The liquid preparation can kill other bacteria with poor heat resistance in stems and/or leaves of stevia rebaudiana, especially can completely kill saccharomycetes, leave high-temperature-resistant lactic acid bacteria spores or bacillus subtilis spores, revive and propagate when the conditions of temperature, humidity and oxygen content are proper, and simultaneously fully decompose macromolecular substances in the extract to obtain micromolecular active polyphenols, thereby realizing strong antioxidant activity and endowing the preparation with better biological activity.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the extraction is water extraction or alcohol extraction or hot water pressure extraction or hot water ultrasonic extraction. In order to improve the extraction rate, the hot water ultrasonic extraction process conditions are further preferably as follows: the ratio of material to liquid is 1: 6-30 (for example, 1:7, 1:8.5, 1:15, 1:20.6, 1:28, etc.), the water bath extraction temperature is above 90 ℃ (for example, 91 ℃, 95.5 ℃, 97 ℃, 98.5 ℃, etc.), the water bath extraction time is 100-160 min (for example, 110min, 125min, 135.5min, 150min, etc.), the ultrasound-assisted extraction time is 15-25 min (for example, 16min, 18min, 20.5min, 24min, etc.), the ultrasound frequency is 15 kHz-60 kHz (for example, 18kHz, 35.5kHz, 58kHz, etc.), and the ultrasound intensity is 80-200W (for example, 85W, 120W, 185W, etc.). The stevia rebaudiana waste is rich in bioactive substances with strong antioxidant capacity, the extraction rate of the antioxidant active substances can be improved by ultrasonic assistance, the removal rate of DPPH (dehydroepiandrosterone) by the obtained extracting solution under the condition is over 90 percent, and the antioxidant stability is good.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the hot water ultrasonic extraction is performed in stages:
the ratio of the material to the liquid in the first stage is 1: 12-16, and after boiling, slightly boiling for 90 min;
the ratio of the material to the liquid in the second stage is 1:10, and after boiling, the mixture is kept slightly boiling for 45 min;
and in the third stage, the ratio of the material to the liquid is 1: 6-8, the boiling is kept for 20min, and the ultrasonic-assisted extraction is utilized in the stage, wherein the ultrasonic intensity is about 53 kHz. The hot water ultrasonic extraction is carried out in stages, so that the extraction rate and the extraction rate can be improved.
In one embodiment of the present invention, alcohol extraction and hot water pressure extraction may be used for the extraction. The extraction solvent for alcohol extraction is ethanol with the volume fraction of 30-80%, the ultrasonic power is 300-550W, and the ultrasonic time is 10-60 min. When hot water is used for extraction, the extraction rate can be improved by pressurizing, the pressure can be generally 1.25 atmospheric pressure, and the extraction temperature is 105 ℃; the process can reduce the extraction times.
In one embodiment of the invention, the concentration is heating open concentration or heating vacuum concentration, and the concentration is more than Brix 20, namely the water-soluble solid content is more than 20%.
In one embodiment of the invention, the fermentation strain is derived from naturally attached lactic acid bacteria spores or bacillus subtilis spores in stems and/or leaves of stevia rebaudiana, other bacteria with poor heat resistance are killed by hot water ultrasonic extraction, the high-temperature-resistant lactic acid bacteria spores or bacillus subtilis spores are left, and when the conditions of temperature, humidity and oxygen content are proper, the fermentation strain is reactivated and propagated, meanwhile, macromolecular substances in the extract are fully decomposed, micromolecular active polyphenols are obtained, and the strong antioxidant activity is realized. Wherein the fermentation conditions are controlled as follows: avoiding light and oxygen control, avoiding the existence of yeast; in principle, low-temperature anaerobic fermentation takes lactic acid bacteria fermentation as a main line, and yeast is avoided.
In one embodiment of the invention, the fermentation time is 6-12 months, and the longer the fermentation time is, the higher the content of the effective components is; the higher the Brix, the better the antioxidant effect.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the fermentation conditions are controlled as follows: avoiding the existence of yeast; in order to further improve the antioxidant effect of the antioxidant, the fermentation was low-temperature anaerobic fermentation, and the presence of yeast was avoided with lactobacillus fermentation as the main line.
In one embodiment of the invention, the purification is performed by stirring and dialyzing a M500 dialysis molecular membrane overnight, the extract with a molecular weight of less than 500M can be obtained after concentrating the solution outside the membrane, and small molecular substances such as inorganic potassium salt, lead benzenediol and the like are gathered in the extract, and the mixture with a molecular weight of more than 500M is obtained after concentrating the solution inside the membrane, and contains various large molecular substances such as large molecular polysaccharide, polyphenols, pigments, chlorophyll and the like. Also has stronger antioxidant activity. Separation is generally not required. Because the antioxidant activity of the mixed extract is higher than that of any one of the separated antioxidant active substances. In addition, the purification can be performed by reversed phase column separation and ion resin chromatography.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the stevia extract preparation contains phenols, flavones and potassium ions. The stevia extract preparation has strong free radical scavenging ability, and contains Fe3+The stevia rebaudiana extract preparation has the advantages of high content and high antioxidant stability, has extremely effective plant growth promoting effect and soil microbial flora activating effect, can provide good planting environment for ecological agriculture and modern agriculture, and particularly can effectively play a role in quickly improving the reduction of the plate change and the hardened soil texture caused by overuse of chemical fertilizers. In one embodiment of the present invention, the stevia extract preparation has a phenolic content of 0.46 to 126.82mg/g (e.g., 4.60mg/g, 10.55mg/g, 22.00mg/g, 30.47mg/g, 38.75mg/g, 46.02mg/g, 50.00mg/g, 70.50mg/g, 95.00mg/g, 105.23mg/g, 120.38mg/g, etc.), a flavone content of 0.08 to 1.56mg/g (e.g., 0.10mg/g, 0.14mg/g, 0.48mg/g, 0.63mg/g, 0.80mg/g, 0.85mg/g, 1.00mg/g, 1.05mg/g, 1.20mg/g, 1.43mg/g, etc.), and a potassium ion content of 0.77 to 37.24mg/kg (e.g., 2.27mg/g, 5.15mg/g, 12.40mg/g, 17.40 mg/g, 17.71 mg/g, etc.) 23.00mg/g, 25.03mg/g, 30.00mg/g, 33.20mg/g, 35.48mg/g, etc.). In addition, stevia polysaccharide has six isomers, crude sugar includes any stevia polysaccharide, and stevia polysaccharide has little antioxidant activity, but when the content of the crude polysaccharide reaches above 5ppm, the crude polysaccharide can play a synergistic effect with phenols, flavones and potassium ions in the stevia extract preparation. More preferably, the stevia extract further contains crude polysaccharide, and the crude polysaccharide content is 2.28-46.50 g/kg, such as 228ppm, 534.2ppm, 840ppm, 1148ppm, 1683.4ppm, 2280ppm, 2295.5ppm, 2300ppm, 2875ppm, 3000ppm, 3260ppm, 4500ppm, etc.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the stevia extract further contains 3, 7-dimethyl-1, 6-octadien-3-ol, tetradecanoic acid, benzyl acetate, ethyl acetate, allyl-6-methoxyphenol, 1,7, 7-trimethyl-bicyclo [2,2,1] hept-2-ene, and 2,4, 6-trimethylpyridine. 3,7 dimethyl-1, 6 octadiene-3-ol, tetradecanoic acid, benzyl acetate and ethyl acetate in the 8 volatile characteristic substances belong to fragrance components, allyl-6-methoxyphenol and 1,7, 7-trimethyl-bicyclo [2,2,1] hept-2-ene are not clear, and 2,4,6 collidine is a solvent component for chromatography. More preferably, the phenols include allyl-6-methoxyphenol. The stevia extract contains 3-allyl-6-methoxyphenol 0.073-4.17 mg/g, such as 0.12mg/g, 0.57mg/g, 0.73mg/g, 1.02mg/g, 1.64mg/g, 1.86mg/g, 2.32mg/g, 3.07mg/g, 3.75mg/g, and 3.98 mg/g. The 3-allyl-6-methoxyphenol has strong antioxidant activity, and can play a role in increasing with catechol in antioxidant active ingredients, so that the antioxidant activity of the obtained stevia extract is further improved.
In order to improve the agricultural growth promoting effect of the stevia extract preparation, in one embodiment of the invention, chitosan derived from chitin is added into the stevia extract preparation, the adding concentration is 50-150 ppm, and the concentration can be adjusted as required. But the cost can also be considered, the chitin powder (shells of crabs or shrimps (the raw cooked effect is the same) can be directly added, and the dried shells can be directly used by powdering, so that the requirement on the mesh number is not high, and the use on site is only convenient.
In one embodiment of the present invention, 10 to 20000ppm of citric acid, such as 100ppm, 500ppm, 1000ppm, 2500ppm, 8900ppm, 11000ppm, 16000ppm, etc., is added during the preparation of the liquid preparation. The citric acid added in the liquid preparation in the preparation process can play a synergistic effect with the active ingredients in the liquid preparation, so that the liquid preparation can more effectively support the plant to quickly adapt to the growth environment in the growth process, resist the attack of natural disasters, resist diseases and prevent diseases.
In one embodiment of the invention, the formulation is used in at least one of the following: before planting, during planting, for fruit trees, lawns, fresh flowers and forestry. Before planting, the method comprises the steps of improving soil and soaking seeds to soak seedlings; uses during plant growing include rice growing, fruit vegetables (strawberries, tomatoes, eggplants, cucumbers, melons, watermelons, etc.), cabbage (cabbage, lettuce, cabbage, etc.), green leaf vegetables (green vegetables, komatsuna, spinach, etc.); is suitable for use of mushrooms; is suitable for oranges, apples, grapes, peaches, pears and the like of fruit trees; the method is suitable for lawn repair of football fields and golf courses, and the key point of lawn repair of the golf courses is that the used stevia agricultural preparation has special granules: a diameter of less than 2mm is more suitable; as for the forestry aspect, can solve the nematode evil problem of red pine.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides the use of the above stevia formulation in agricultural composting.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method of the agricultural compost comprises:
adding 2-8 kg of the powdery and/or granular preparation into each ton of animal excrement, adding 10-20 wt% of dry wheat straw and/or dry rice straw to reduce the water content to 60-70 wt%, uniformly mixing, stacking to 1.2-2.0 m height, naturally fermenting, and stirring once every 5-10 days until the fermented product is odorless. So far, the moisture content is reduced to below 45%. The application of stevia extract to agricultural compost can be expected to solve two major problems: the grass seeds in the animal excrement can be killed at the high temperature of about 80 ℃ during fermentation, the phenomenon of weed clustering caused by applying compost can be avoided, and herbicides are reduced or not used; the parasitic ova in the animal excrement can be killed by the high temperature of about 80 ℃ during fermentation, the insect pest problem caused by applying compost can be solved, and the insecticide is reduced or not used.
The invention further provides application of the stevia rebaudiana preparation in improving saline-alkali soil. The above uses are mainly due to the low molecular weight of potassium-containing substances in stevia preparations due to sodium, namely: the potassium substance in the stevia preparation inhibits the absorption of sodium in the field by the plant roots, but instead effectively absorbs potassium necessary for growth. Therefore, the stevia rebaudiana preparation can be used for directly desalting, and only normal seedling transplanting is needed without pulling out three seedlings for several times, so that the stevia rebaudiana preparation has extremely high cheapness, can be repaired in a short time, and has quick action and high stability. Of course, the agricultural compost prepared by the stevia rebaudiana preparation can also be directly used for improving saline-alkali soil.
The invention further provides application of the stevia rebaudiana extract preparation in repairing soil polluted by radioactive cesium. The stevia rebaudiana extract preparation rich in potassium substances can reduce the influence of main radioactive element cesium of a nuclear power station, and provides a new method for effectively repairing soil radioactive element cesium pollution.
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to specific examples.
Example 1:
1. the preparation method of the original stevia plant preparation comprises the following steps: drying and crushing original stevia rebaudiana plants to obtain a 20-50 mesh powdery preparation, drying and crushing the original stevia rebaudiana plants to obtain a granular preparation with the particle size of 3-5 mm. The basic ingredients of the powdered, granular formulation are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 basic Components of powdered, granular formulations
Item Moisture content Crude protein Crude fat Coarse fiber Coarse ash content Potassium in coarse ash Calcium in coarse ash Phosphorus in coarse ash Soluble nitrogen-free substance
Results 9.90％ 7.20％ 1.70％ 29.50％ 7.90％ 2.74％ 0.49％ 0.23％ 43.80％
2. The preparation method of the stevia extract preparation comprises the following steps: putting stevia rebaudiana powder raw materials into water according to a material-liquid ratio of 1:16, and extracting, wherein the stevia rebaudiana powder raw materials comprise 95 wt% of stevia rebaudiana stems and 5 wt% of stevia rebaudiana leaves, wherein the water bath extraction temperature is 95 ℃, the water bath extraction time is 107min, the ultrasonic auxiliary extraction time is 20min, and the ultrasonic intensity is 53 kHz; mixing the obtained extractive solutions, heating, vacuum concentrating, concentrating to Brix 25, and fermenting for 9 months to obtain stevia extract, i.e. liquid preparation. The liquid preparation can also be added with appropriate amount of citric acid.
The stevia extract was analyzed by GC-MS based GC-MS, wherein the ketone and phenolic components and contents are shown in Table 2. Raw juice in table 2-stevia extract; refined sample of high-efficiency liquid-stock solution (solid content is more than 18%); filtering non-sterilized-filtering the non-sterilized sample in the refining process of the stock solution; unfiltered and unsterilized-the unsterilized sample was not filtered during the refining of the stock solution; filtering and sterilizing, namely filtering and sterilizing a sample in the refining process of the stock solution; stem-stevia rebaudiana stem raw material powder; stem + leaf-stevia stem 95% + leaf 5% mixed raw material powder. As can be seen from Table 2, most of the stevia extract stock solution, the high potency solution, the non-sterilized filtered sample, the non-sterilized filtered sample, and the ketones and phenols contained in the sterilized filtered sample were obtained by sufficiently decomposing macromolecular substances in the extract compared to the stevia raw material, and the only components of the stevia extract stock solution, the high potency solution, the non-sterilized filtered sample, the non-sterilized filtered sample, and the sterilized filtered sample were 3-allyl-6-methoxyphenol.
TABLE 2 Ketone and phenolic Components and content (ng/g) of stevia extract
Figure RE-GDA0002330970580000081
Figure RE-GDA0002330970580000091
Figure RE-GDA0002330970580000101
Figure RE-GDA0002330970580000111
Determining the content of the basic components and partial active substances of the stevia extract: the moisture content is determined by reference to GB5009.3-2016 national food safety standard; the protein content is determined by reference to GB 5009.5-2016 national food safety standard; the crude fat content is determined by reference to GB 5009.6-2016 national food safety standard; the ash content is determined by reference to GB5009.4-2016 national food safety standard; the carbohydrate determination refers to GB 5009.1-2016 national food safety standard. The amounts of the essential components and part of the active material contained in each sample are shown in tables 3 and 4.
Table 3 basic ingredients of stevia preparation (%, n ═ 2)
Sample name Water content Protein content Crude fat content Ash content Carbohydrate compound
Stock solution 86.49±0.06d 1.88±0.00a 0.60±0.05c 3.75±0.02a 7.28±0.18a
Filtration sterilization 83.21±0.16bc 2.64±0.00b 0.18±0.04a 4.88±0.06b 9.09±0.37c
Filtering and sterilizing 83.57±0.11c 2.63±0.04b 0.38±0.09b 4.89±0.15b 8.53±0.55ab
Unfiltered and unsterilized 82.87±0.35b 2.78±0.04c 0.42±0.06b 4.84±0.37b 9.09±1.16c
High-efficiency liquid 71.75±0.20a 3.70±0.01d 0.27±0.01a 7.29±0.02c 16.99±0.08d
Note: the same row is labeled with different letters indicating significant differences (P < 0.05).
TABLE 4 stevia rebaudiana formulation ketols and other partial indicators (n ═ 3)
Figure RE-GDA0002330970580000112
Figure RE-GDA0002330970580000121
Note: the same row is labeled with different letters indicating significant differences (P < 0.05).
Antioxidant activity of 3-allyl-6-methoxyphenol in the antioxidant: accurately weighing 50mL of stevia extract in 250mL of liquid separating funnelAdding 100mL of petroleum ether into a bucket, fully shaking, standing, discharging the lower-layer biological agent aqueous solution after the solution is completely layered, reserving the upper-layer petroleum ether, extracting the lower-layer biological agent aqueous solution for 2 times by the same method, combining the petroleum ether extraction liquids for 3 times, recovering the petroleum ether at 40 ℃ under reduced pressure to obtain colorless viscous oily substance which is a stevia extract petroleum ether part, then continuously extracting for 3 times by using ether, combining the organic solvent extraction liquids of the upper layers for 3 times, and recovering the organic solvent at 40-50 ℃ under reduced pressure to obtain an ether extraction part. The ether sample was concentrated in vacuo to prepare a 40% ether solution. 10 prepared silica gel thin layer plates are subjected to banded sample application by using a sample application capillary, the sample application width is controlled to be about 2mm, each plate is subjected to sample application for 8 times, and the total sample application amount is 1 mL. In the experiment, V (toluene), V (methyl formate) and V (formic acid) are used as developing agents, the developing agents are developed in a chromatographic cylinder for about 50min, the solvent is volatilized, and color bands and separation of peaks are observed. Then placing the silica gel thin layer plate in an ultraviolet analyzer for developing color at 365nm, scraping identifiable color bands (4 clear and easily-scraped color bands from top to bottom) according to the ultraviolet color developing positioning, and combining RfAdding appropriate amount of methanol into 50mL centrifuge tube for dissolving, centrifuging (2000r/min, 20min), eluting for 3 times, collecting supernatant, diluting to 10mL with methanol to obtain four components I, II, III, and IV, and charging nitrogen at-18 deg.C for storage. A comparison of the DPPH radical scavenging ability of the four components I, II, III, IV was then determined (see FIG. 1). As can be seen from the figure, the 4 fractions obtained by separation all have certain DPPH free radical scavenging capacity, and the anti-free radical activity is sequentially IV > III > I > II. Therefore, the component IV with the strongest free radical scavenging ability was selected for structural identification by GC-MS. The component IV is detected by GC-MS, and a GC-MS characteristic map of the component IV is given by a chemical workstation (shown in a figure 2). The figure shows that IV is a main component chromatographic peak, the retention time is 29.636min, the impurity interference is small, and the IV component is 3-allyl-6-methoxyphenol according to the retention time of the IV component. In addition, a mass spectrum of the IV component was measured, and then by computer search and comparison with a library of structures, the component was 3-allyl-6-methoxyphenol with a similarity of 61%. Thus approximately pushingThe component is 3-allyl-6-methoxyphenol and has strong oxidation resistance.
Example 2:
the preparation method of the agricultural compost containing the stevia rebaudiana preparation comprises the following steps: adding 5kg of the powdery and/or granular preparation in the embodiment 1 into each ton of animal excrement, adding 10-20 wt% of dry wheat straw and/or dry rice straw to reduce the water content to 65 wt%, uniformly mixing, stacking to 1.5m high, naturally fermenting, and stirring once every 7d until the fermentation is odorless, wherein the water content is reduced to below 45%.
Example 3:
use of stevia preparations in agriculture
1. Before planting
1.1 improving soil (can be used together with base fertilizer): 3-50 kg of the powdery or granular preparation in the embodiment 1 is added into each mu of land, and the preparation is fully and uniformly tilled during tillage and can be added with a base fertilizer simultaneously. When needed, 0.5-20L of the liquid preparation in the embodiment 1 can be added into each mu of land, or the liquid preparation is input into underground nutrient pipelines.
1.2 seed soaking: according to the characteristics of different crops, the liquid preparation diluent of the embodiment 1 diluted by 100-10000 times is used for soaking seeds, and the soaking concentration and the soaking time are different.
1.3 soaking the seedlings: according to the characteristics of different crops, the seedlings are soaked in the diluted liquid of the liquid preparation in the embodiment 1 diluted by 100-10000 times, the soaking concentration and the soaking time are different, and the method is only used for planting the seedlings into fields or greenhouses after seedling raising.
2. During planting
2.1 planting rice: when loosening soil, firstly using a powdery or granular preparation (3-20 kg) to uniformly distribute the preparation in the field; before transplanting, uniformly spraying at least 500mL of liquid preparation in each mu of paddy field to ensure that the liquid preparation is uniform and prevent water in the paddy field from losing as much as possible; in the filling period (before the stem and leaf are mature), the stem and leaf are sprayed with liquid preparation (500 mL/mu), and the liquid preparation is diluted by 250 times and uniformly sprayed on the stem and leaf. Others were randomly strained depending on the current year growth.
2.2 fruit vegetables (strawberry, tomato, eggplant, cucumber, melon, watermelon): before transplanting seedlings, 2-10 kg/mu of powdery or granular preparation is sown and is fully and uniformly mixed in soil; after the seedlings are transplanted, 1-50 g of powdery or granular preparation can be scattered on roots per plant, or root irrigation is carried out by using liquid preparation diluted by 700-1000 times; if the seedlings are potted, when the seedlings are transplanted, 3-10 g of powdery or granular preparation is mixed into each pot, so that the effect is better; or spraying a liquid preparation diluted by 500-1000 times on the leaf surfaces from one month before harvesting, and spraying once every 5-7 days (at least 4 times) until harvesting; if the plants grow under low temperature and insufficient sunlight, the diluted solution is preferably sprayed 500 times.
2.3 cabbage (cabbage, lettuce, Chinese cabbage, taking the three as standard): before sowing, sowing 3-4 kg/mu of powdery or granular preparation into soil, and uniformly mixing; after sowing, spreading 3-4 kg/mu of powdery or granular preparation on the roots, then irrigating, or spreading the powdery or granular preparation between two ridges, uniformly mixing by using a rotator and then accumulating soil on the roots; or the leaf surface spraying is started one month before the harvest time, but the first spraying can be carried out by using the liquid preparation diluted by 1000-1200 times when the vegetable leaves are confirmed to be rolled up, and then the leaf surface spraying is carried out once every 7 days until the vegetable leaves are harvested.
2.4 green leaf vegetables (green vegetables, komatsuna, spinach, etc.): when the base fertilizer is used, 4kg of powdery or granular preparation is scattered into each mu of soil and is fully and uniformly mixed; or, for the first time: spraying and diluting 1000 times of liquid preparation 21 days before harvesting, and spraying and diluting the liquid preparation for the second time: spraying and diluting 1000 times of liquid preparation 14 days before harvesting, and spraying and diluting the liquid preparation for the third time: spraying and diluting 1000 times of liquid preparation 7 days before harvesting; in summer with short growth days, the first spraying can be carried out 3-4 days after germination.
2.5 fruit trees (oranges, apples, grapes, peaches, pears): when the base fertilizer is applied, 3-10 kg of powdery or granular preparation can be used per mu, and the powdery or granular preparation is uniformly mixed; at a position 1-1.5 m away from the trunk (the root absorbs strongly), calculating the amount of each trunk to be sown at the edge of each tree in one mu of land for single plant use according to the use of 3-10 kg of powdery or granular preparation per mu, and respectively and fully irrigating; the roots in the midsummer are weak in growth vigor, and the secondary application has good effects on the growth vigor and the germination of the trees in the next year; or before harvesting for one month, spraying 700 times of the liquid preparation diluent on the leaf surfaces every 5-7 days for at least more than 4 times; the effect is better when the plant is continuously used for 10 days before harvesting, and when the low temperature and insufficient sunshine such as plum rain season are caused and the fruit growth is concerned, 700 times of dilution liquid of the liquid preparation is also recommended to be sprayed on the leaf surfaces.
Example 4:
stevia rebaudiana preparation for rice planting
1. The purpose of the test is as follows: the effectiveness of stevia preparations at the growth stage of rice.
2. Test site: qingpu modern agricultural park.
3. Test time: 5-7 months.
4. Test protocol:
4.1 test variety: green fragrant soft japonica rice
4.2 area of application: 1 mu (10 small blocks in total, and the subareas are shown in figure 3);
4.3 test methods, test times are shown in table 5, the specific test methods are: seed soaking: soaking the rice seeds in a liquid preparation diluted by 400 times for 24-36 hours; soil application: when the paddy field is prepared, the granular preparation is uniformly mixed into the paddy field soil together with other base fertilizers, and the dosage per mu is divided into two groups: 10kg and 20 kg; seedling treatment: before transplanting, firstly, the seedlings are soaked in a liquid preparation diluted by 1000 times and then transplanted; applying after transplanting rice seedlings: applying the liquid preparation immediately after transplanting, diluting the liquid preparation by 1000 times, and uniformly pouring the diluted liquid preparation into paddy field water, wherein the dosage per mu is divided into two groups: 500ml and 1000 ml; application after heading: spraying the rice leaf surfaces after heading, diluting the liquid preparation by 1000 times, and uniformly spraying the diluted liquid preparation on the rice leaf surfaces, wherein the dosage per mu is divided into two groups: 500ml and 1000 ml. The same procedure was followed 3 weeks before harvest, and once more foliar spray was applied.
TABLE 5 test time of stevia preparations for rice planting
Date 5 months and 19 days 5 months and 20 days 6 months and 14 days 6 month and 26 days 7 month and 10 days 7 month and 12 days
Test of Soaking seeds Breeding Plowing and transplanting rice seedlings Root length measurement Root length measurement Observation in the field
4.4 test results: seedlings of each test group are basically not different in 6 months and 14 days (the day of transplanting seedlings); at 26 days 6 months (12 days after transplanting), the seedling root length of each test group is obviously longer than that of the blank group, as shown in figure 4; in 7 months and 10 days (26 days after transplanting), the growth speed of the seedling root of each test group is further accelerated, and the difference is 2 times compared with that of a blank group at most, which shows that the stevia rebaudiana preparation has an obvious effect of promoting the growth of the rice root, and is shown in figure 4; in 7 months and 12 days (28 days after transplanting), the growth conditions of all seedlings in the test seedling beds are better than those in the blank seedling beds, and the test seedling beds are high in growth density and verdure in color. The blank group seedling bed has low density and slightly withered and yellow color, which shows that the stevia rebaudiana preparation has obvious effect on promoting and maintaining the healthy growth of rice seedlings; day 11, 6 (harvest): calculating the final yield increase result as follows: granules 20kg + liquid 1000 ml: the yield per mu is 502kg, and the growth rate is 6.36 percent; granule 10kg + liquid 1000 ml: the yield per mu is 508kg, and the growth rate is 7.63 percent; granule 20kg + liquid 500 ml: the yield per mu is 493kg, and the growth rate is 4.45%; granule 10kg + liquid 500 ml: yield per mu is 525kg, and the growth rate is 11.23 percent; granule 0kg + liquid 0 ml: the yield per mu is 472 kg.
Example 5:
stevia rebaudiana preparation for blueberry planting
1. The purpose of the test is as follows: the effectiveness of stevia preparations in the growth stage of blueberries.
2. Test site: qingpu modern agricultural park.
3. Test time: 5-7 months.
4. Test protocol:
4.1 test variety: southern highbush blueberry, variety V3
4.2 area of application: 1 mu (2 blocks in total, and divided into a blank group and a test group);
4.3 test methods, test times are shown in table 6, the specific test methods are: root application: the roots of the blueberries are irrigated with a liquid preparation diluted by 700 times until the fruits are ripe and applied for 3 times. The dosage of the fertilizer is 500ml per mu; leaf surface application: uniformly spraying the liquid preparation diluted by 1000 times on the leaves of the blueberries until the fruits are ripe and applying for 3 times. The dosage of the fertilizer is 70mL per mu.
TABLE 6 test time of stevia preparations for blueberry planting
Date 5 months and 15 days 5 months and 30 days 6 months and 10 days
Test of Leaf surface spraying: diluting 500mL stock solution by 1000 times Leaf surface spraying: diluting 500mL stock solution by 1000 times Come to market
4.4 test results: sugar degree (soluble solids) (%): the blank group and the test group samples are subjected to sugar degree test for multiple times, the results are shown in Table 7, the sugar degree of the test group is higher than that of the blank group, and the maximum growth rate reaches 16.8%; polyphenol: polyphenol content of blank samples and test samples is measured, and the result is shown in table 8, wherein the polyphenol content of the test samples is higher than that of the blank samples, and the maximum growth rate reaches 5.12%; diameter: diameter measurement is carried out on the blank group and the test group samples, and the results are shown in Table 9, wherein the particle diameter of the test group samples is higher than that of the blank group, and the growth rate is 8.76%; weight: the weights of 50 and 100 blank groups and test groups of blueberry fruits are randomly selected and measured, and the results are shown in table 10, wherein the average weight of the test group is obviously greater than that of the blank group, and the weight gain rate is 13-14%. In a word, in appearance, the blueberry in the test group is full and large in grain size compared with the blueberry in the blank group, the diameter, 50 grain weight and 100 grain weight of the blueberry are measured, and the measurement results of the test group are obviously higher than those of the blueberry in the blank group, which shows that the stevia rebaudiana preparation has a promotion effect on improving the quality of the blueberry; the overall taste of the blueberries is improved, the sugar degree (soluble solid) is increased, and the maximum growth rate is as high as 16.7%; the total content of polyphenols of the antioxidant active substances in the blueberries also tends to increase, which shows that the stevia rebaudiana preparation not only has an improvement effect on the taste of the blueberries, but also increases the accumulation of the antioxidant active substances of the blueberries.
Table 7 brix test results for blueberries
Date 7.3 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.15 7.16
Blank group - - 12.6 12.5 17.4 17.3
Test group 13.6 13.8 14.2 14.6 18.4 18.2
Sugar content increase - - 1.6 2.1 1 0.9
Growth rate (%) - - 12.7 16.8 5.7 5.2
TABLE 8 Polyphenol content test results for blueberry
Figure RE-GDA0002330970580000151
Figure RE-GDA0002330970580000161
TABLE 9 diameter test results for blueberry
Date Blank group Test group Growth rate (%)
Diameter (cm) 7.13 0.8027 0.873 8.76
TABLE 10 blueberry weight test results
Date Blank group Test group Weight gain (%)
50 granule weight (g) 2013.7.7 22.37 25.49 13.95
100 grain weight (g) 2013.7.13 36.18 41.41 14.46
Example 6:
stevia rebaudiana preparation for strawberry seedling raising
1. The purpose of the test is as follows: the effectiveness of stevia preparation in the stage of strawberry seedling raising.
2. Test site: the agricultural technology popularization center and the Zhao Tun strawberry institute experimental center.
3. Test time: 3-9 months.
4. Test protocol:
4.1 test variety: hongxiao
4.2 test methods
4.2.1 experimental groups: high dose group (10 kg/mu of granule, 1000 mL/mu of liquid), low dose group (5 kg/mu of granule, 500 mL/mu of liquid), control group (conventional planting method).
4.2.2 application of granular formulations using the hole application method:
high dose group: test area 400.8m26kg of granules are used in 6 minutes, about 1000 strawberry seedlings are used in total, and about 6g of granules are applied to each strawberry seedling on average; low dose group: test area 400.8m2That is, 3kg of pellets were used for 6 minutes, about 1000 strawberry seedlings were used in total, and about 3g of pellets were applied to each strawberry seedling on average.
4.2.3 after the granule application is finished, diluting the liquid preparation by 1000 times, and sowing the liquid preparation in the field; high dose group: test area 400.8m2That is, at 6 minutes, 600mL of the stock solution (equivalent to spraying of 600 liters of 1000-fold dilution solution) was sprayed, about 1000 strawberry seedlings were sprayed, and about 0.6mL of the stock solution per plant was sprayed on average (equivalent to spraying of 600mL of 1000-fold dilution solution per plant); low dose group: test area 400.8m2Namely, 300mL of the stock solution (equivalent to spraying 300 liters of 1000-fold dilution solution) is sprayed on the 6-minute area, about 1000 strawberry seedlings are sprayed, and the average amount of the stock solution is about 0.3mL (equivalent to spraying 300mL of 1000-fold dilution solution) per strawberry seedling;
4.2.46, from the bottom of the month to 8 months, according to the actual planting condition, carrying out foliage spraying of liquid preparations for many times (the period is the high-incidence period of diseases such as anthracnose and verticillium wilt of young strawberry seedlings), wherein the amount of the spraying raw liquid is 70-100 mL/mu/time, and the spraying raw liquid is recommended to be diluted by 700-1000 times for use (the high and low dose groups are the same);
4.2.5 if the open field planting is carried out, the schematic diagram of the division of the test field is shown in FIG. 5;
transplanting in 4.2.69 months. Detection indexes are as follows: survival rate, total number of flowers in flowering phase, soluble solids and polyphenol content. The death rate and the total number of flowers in the growth period and the flowering period of the strawberry plant are shown in FIG. 6, and it can be known from FIG. 6 that: the death rate of strawberry plants is greatly reduced by applying the stevia rebaudiana preparation with two concentrations, and the number of flowers is obviously increased during flowering, so that the death rate of the strawberry plants can be reduced and the number of flowers of the strawberries can be increased by applying the stevia rebaudiana preparation; the soluble solid content of strawberry and strawberry polyphenol data are shown in fig. 7, and it can be seen from fig. 7 that: by applying the stevia rebaudiana preparation disclosed by the invention, indexes such as soluble solid matters and polyphenol content can be increased, the quality of strawberries can be improved, and the mouthfeel of the strawberries can be improved.
Example 7:
stevia rebaudiana preparation for planting Chinese little greens
1. The purpose of the test is as follows: the effectiveness of stevia preparation in the growth stage of herba Salsolae Collinae is provided.
2. Test site: qingpu modern agricultural park.
3. Test time: 5-6 months.
4. Test protocol:
4.1 test variety: chinese little greens
4.2 area of application: 0.21 mu (3 blocks in total, and divided into a blank group, a test group I and a test group II);
4.3 test methods, test times are shown in table 11, the specific test methods are:
granular preparation: when preparing soil, the fertilizer is evenly mixed into the ground for application. The test dosage is divided into two groups: 5 kg/acre (test group one) and 10 kg/acre (test group two); liquid preparation: spraying 1500 times diluted liquid preparation for fertilization. The dosage of the composition is 500ml per mu.
TABLE 11 test time of stevia preparations for blueberry planting
Date 5.19 5.20 5.20 5.26 6.3 6.13 6.18 6.24
Test of Ploughing Seeding Spraying 1000 times of diluent Spraying 1500 times of diluent Spraying 1500 times of diluent Picking Picking Picking
4.4 test results: as shown in table 12 and fig. 8, it can be seen that: and on 24 days after sowing, counting the Chinese little greens in the fixed area to obtain a test group yield which is far greater than the blank group yield, wherein the yield is increased by 36.04%, and counting the Chinese little greens harvested in 3 batches to obtain the test group average yield increased by 19.57%. Through statistics of yield, the test group I and the test group II have obvious yield increase, wherein the total yield increase rate of the test group I is 19.57%, the total yield increase rate of the test group II is 15.78%, and the total yield increase rate of the test group I is 24.02% higher than that of the test group II, which indicates that before planting, the stevia rebaudiana preparation is mixed in soil and sprayed in the planting process, so that the plants can be promoted to better absorb nutrients and water in the growth process, and the yield of organic crops is improved.
TABLE 12 test results of the chicken feather vegetables
Figure RE-GDA0002330970580000171
Figure RE-GDA0002330970580000181
Example 8:
stevia rebaudiana preparation for planting flat peach
1. The purpose of the test is as follows: effectiveness of stevia preparations at the flat peach growing stage.
2. Test site: shanghai Shenli flat peach plantation and Shanghai Jinshan mountain gold stone road (near groove corridor road).
3. Test time: 9 months to 9 months in the next year.
4. Test protocol:
4.1 test subjects: flat peach
4.2 application amount: the test group and the control group each had 10 plants. (control group was planted in a conventional manner);
4.3 area of application: test group about 160m2；
4.4 test methods
1) Granular formulation application:
about 200 grams of the granular formulation was applied under each tree for 9 months with base fertilizer and watered to moisten.
2) Administration of liquid formulations
Liquid irrigation: diluting the liquid by 500 times while applying the base fertilizer, and irrigating under the trees in the test group;
spraying liquid on leaf surfaces: foliar spray was performed every half month from flat peach flowering. The spraying concentration is 100 times, and the spraying amount is 70mL per mu.
4.5 test results: and (3) comparing the growth vigor of the trees: as shown in Table 13, it can be seen from Table 13 that the leaves of the test group are significantly better than those of the control group after counting the leaves of the test group and the control group. In addition, the growth vigor and the health condition of the flat peach trees in the test group are better than those of the flat peach trees in the control group, the leaves in the test group are darker in color, the growth condition is better, and the number of fallen leaves is greatly reduced; disease resistance comparison: the test group and the control group have obvious effect on resisting the perforation disease. The leaf surface holes of the flat peach of the test group are obviously less than those of the control group; fruit comparison: the data pair of flat peach of the test group and the control group is shown in table 14, and it can be seen that the test group is far superior to the control group in all aspects due to the randomly picked mature flat peach. Wherein the vitamin c and polyphenol increase obviously. In addition, the improvement of the sugar-acid ratio also directly affects the taste of the finished flat peach, so that the taste of the flat peach of the test group is sweeter. In addition, the flat peach of the experimental group has better fresh-keeping effect than the flat peach of the control group. In a word, the stevia rebaudiana preparation can properly improve the flowering quantity of flat peaches, and the flowering phase is advanced by 2-3 days; the stevia rebaudiana preparation has obvious improvement effect on the perforation disease and the mildew disease of the flat peach high-speed hair; the application of the stevia rebaudiana preparation can improve the weight of a single flat peach, improve the taste, increase the content of healthy ingredients such as vitamin C, polyphenol and the like in the fruit and improve the overall quality of the flat peach fruit; in the actual picking process, the flat peach fruit tree applied with the stevia rebaudiana preparation has the flat peach yield obviously higher than that of a control group; under the same quality condition, the flat peach which is applied with the stevia rebaudiana preparation has stronger oxidation resistance and longer fresh-keeping time.
TABLE 13 comparison of leaf status of test group and control group (7 months and 9 days of the next year)
Leaf length (cm) Leaf width (cm)
Test group 17.75 4.58
Control group 16.84 4.32
Test group growth 5.40％ 6.01％
TABLE 14 comparison of Flat peach data between test and control groups
Weight of single fruit (g) Diameter (cm) Thickness (cm) Vitamin C (mg/100g) Polyphenol (%) Sugar acid ratio (%)
Experimental group 186.55 8.63 4.82 8.33 0.0918 25.65
Control group 171.52 8.43 4.49 6.33 0.0495 21.31
Increase of ↑8.76％ ↑2.37％ ↑7.35％ ↑31.60％ ↑85.45％ ↑20.13％
Example 9:
stevia rebaudiana preparation for grape planting
1. The purpose of the test is as follows: effectiveness of stevia preparations at the grape planting stage.
2. Test site: jiangsu province, Nantong, Anjiu development Co., Ltd.
3. Test time: 5-9 months.
4. Test protocol:
4.1 test variety: drunk golden, summer black and red not much;
4.2 application amount: 15 strains of each of the test group and the control group. (control group was planted in a conventional manner);
4.3 area of application: test group about 160m2；
4.4 test methods: granular formulation application: sowing about 100g of granular preparation around the root of each plant; liquid formulation application: after the application of the granules is completed, diluting the stevia extract liquid preparation by 300 times, and spraying 1000mL of diluent to each plant; spraying a liquid preparation on the leaf surfaces: from fruit setting stabilization to before harvest, the test groups were foliar sprayed 3 times, according to the actual fertilizer usage, and the liquid formulation was diluted 1000 times, each plant sprayed with 700 mL.
4.5 test results: single event weight comparison of grapes: the individual grain weight, vitamin C content and polyphenol content of three different varieties of grapes are shown in fig. 9. As can be seen from fig. 9, the single-particle weight increase rate of the intoxicated jinxiang test group was 27.11%, the single-particle weight increase rate of the summer black test group was 3.15%, and the single-particle weight increase rate of the Honoraduo test group was 8.87%, indicating that: the application of the stevia preparations of the present invention is advantageous for increasing the diameter and yield of grapes; the growth rate of vitamin C in the intoxicated jinxiang test group was 1.52%, the growth rate of vitamin C in the summer black test group was 5.4%, and the growth rate of vitamin C in the red not-labrador test group was 7.67%, relative to the control group, which indicates that: the application of the stevia preparation of the present invention is beneficial to increasing the vitamin C content of the grapes; the growth rate of vitamin C in the intoxicated jinxiang test group was 20.56%, the growth rate of vitamin C in the summer black test group was 21.85%, and the growth rate of vitamin C in the red not-labrador test group was 24.1% relative to the control group, which indicates that: the application of the stevia preparation is beneficial to increasing the polyphenol content of the grapes; in addition, the soluble solid content, titratable acid content and sugar-acid ratio content of three different varieties of grapes are shown in table 15, and it can be seen from table 15 that the soluble solid content, titratable acid content and sugar-acid ratio of the test group are higher than those of the control group, compared with the control group, which shows that: the application of the stevia rebaudiana preparation is beneficial to increasing the soluble solid, titratable acid and sugar-acid ratio of the grapes; the temperature and humidity data of the fresh-keeping test of three different varieties of grapes are shown in the table 16. For summer black, the next day, the grape stalks of the test groups have the phenomena of water loss and withering, and the control groups have the phenomena of water loss more serious than the test groups, which shows that the stevia rebaudiana preparation is beneficial to the water retention of the grape stalks; on the fifth day, grapes in the control group began to deteriorate, but grapes in the test group did not deteriorate; on the sixth day, the grapes of the control group continued to deteriorate, while the grapes of the test group remained undamaged. For the red grape without excessive moisture, the grape stalks of the test group have the phenomena of water loss and withering yellow on the next day, and the control group has the serious water loss phenomenon compared with the test group, which indicates that the stevia rebaudiana preparation is beneficial to the water retention of the grape stalks; on day four, grapes in the control group began to deteriorate, but grapes in the test group did not deteriorate; on the fifth day, the grapes of the control group continued to deteriorate, while the grapes of the test group remained undamaged; on the sixth day, the grapes of the control group continued to deteriorate, while the grapes of the test group remained undamaged. The above results show that: the application of the stevia preparation of the present invention can improve the water retention of grape stalks and prolong the freshness keeping time of grapes.
TABLE 15 comparison of Flat peach data between test and control groups
Figure RE-GDA0002330970580000201
TABLE 16 grape freshness test conditions
Date 8 month and 10 days 8 month and 11 days 8 month and 12 days 8 month and 13 days 8 month and 14 days 8 month and 15 days
Temperature (. degree.C.) 20.25 24 24.33 24.5 23.67 24
Humidity (%) 63.5 68.33 67.83 67 68.83 68.25
Example 10:
stevia rebaudiana preparation for improving saline-alkali soil
1. The purpose of the test is as follows: influence of stevia rebaudiana preparation on growth stage of rice planted in saline-alkali soil.
2. Test site: seaside saline-alkali soil.
3. Test time: 5-7 months.
4. Test protocol:
4.1 test variety: green fragrant soft japonica rice
4.2 area of application: 1 mu (10 small blocks in total, and the subareas are shown in figure 3);
4.3 test methods, test times are shown in table 17, the specific test methods are: seed soaking: soaking the rice seeds in a liquid preparation diluted by 400 times for 24-36 h; soil application: when the paddy field is prepared, the granular preparation is uniformly mixed into the paddy field soil together with other base fertilizers, and the dosage per mu is divided into two groups: 10kg and 20 kg; seedling treatment: before transplanting, firstly, the seedlings are soaked in a liquid preparation diluted by 1000 times and then transplanted; applying after transplanting rice seedlings: applying the liquid preparation immediately after transplanting, diluting the liquid preparation by 1000 times, and uniformly pouring the diluted liquid preparation into paddy field water, wherein the dosage per mu is divided into two groups: 500ml and 1000 ml; application after heading: spraying the rice leaf surfaces after heading, diluting the liquid preparation by 1000 times, and uniformly spraying the diluted liquid preparation on the rice leaf surfaces, wherein the dosage per mu is divided into two groups: 500ml and 1000 ml. The same procedure was followed 3 weeks before harvest, and once more foliar spray was applied.
TABLE 17 test time of stevia preparations for rice planting
Date 5 months and 19 days 5 months and 20 days 6 months and 14 days 6 month and 26 days 7 month and 10 days 7 month and 12 days
Test of Soaking seeds Breeding Plowing and transplanting rice seedlings Root length measurement Root length measurement Observation in the field
4.4 test results: seedlings of each test group are basically not different in 6 months and 14 days (the day of transplanting seedlings); in 26 days after 6 months (12 days after transplanting), the root length of each test group is obviously longer than that of the blank group; in 7 months and 12 days (28 days after transplanting), the growth conditions of all seedlings in the test seedling beds are better than those in the blank seedling beds, and the test seedling beds are high in growth density and verdure in color. The blank group seedling bed has low density and slightly withered and yellow color, which indicates that the stevia rebaudiana preparation can ensure that rice can normally grow in saline-alkali soil and can realize the purpose of quickly improving the saline-alkali soil; after 11 months and 6 days (harvest), the yield is increased by 1.6 percent, which indicates that the stevia rebaudiana preparation has the yield increasing effect.
Example 11:
1. effect of stevia extract preparation on soil microorganisms
The soil is added with the stevia extract preparation, the content change of microorganisms in the soil is observed under a microscope after two weeks, and the content of the microorganisms in the soil using the stevia extract preparation is far higher than that of the unused soil. This indicates that the stevia extract preparation can multiply microorganisms in the soil in large quantities, optimizing the soil.
2. Influence of stevia rebaudiana preparation on pesticide residue and nitrate nitrogen in agricultural product
The agricultural products were cultivated using the stevia preparation, the treatment process is shown in Table 18, the results of the effect on the pesticide residue are shown in Table 19, and the results of the effect on nitric nitrogen are shown in FIG. 10. The results show that the stevia rebaudiana preparation can decompose and reduce the toxicity of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, reduce the residual amount of pesticides and nitric nitrogen in agricultural products, and improve the safety of the agricultural products.
TABLE 18 soil treatment Process
Figure RE-GDA0002330970580000211
TABLE 19 Effect of stevia extract preparations on pesticide residue in soil
Result of detecting residual pesticide Organic chlorine pesticide Organophosphorus pesticides Carbamate pesticide Captan pesticide O-phenylphenol Diphenyl group Thiabenzimidazole
Result ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
3. Effect of stevia extract preparation on plant root
Carrot was cultivated using the stevia extract preparation, and the length of the root was measured, and as a result, as shown in fig. 11, it can be seen that the stevia extract preparation can promote the growth of the root; the stevia extract preparation is used for planting rice, the roots are shown in figure 4, and the stevia extract preparation can promote the healthy formation and the plant division of the root system of the rice.
4. Effect of stevia extract preparation on improving quality of agricultural products
The strawberry was cultivated using the stevia extract preparation, and the shelf life of the strawberry was tested, and the results are shown in table 20, where ○ represents edible and Δ represents non-edible, it can be seen from table 20 that the cultivation of the strawberry using the stevia extract preparation of the present invention can improve the color of the strawberry, reduce the incidence of damage and mildew of the strawberry, and prolong the shelf life of the strawberry.
TABLE 20 Effect of stevia extract preparation on shelf-life of strawberries results
Figure RE-GDA0002330970580000221
The sugar content of strawberry, tomato, peach and grape were measured by using the stevia extract preparation, and the results are shown in table 21, and it can be seen from table 21 that the sugar content of agricultural products can be improved by using the stevia extract preparation of the present invention to cultivate strawberry, tomato, peach and grape.
TABLE 21 Effect of stevia extract preparations on sugar content of agricultural products
Figure RE-GDA0002330970580000222
Example 12:
application of stevia rebaudiana extract preparation in repairing soil polluted by radioactive nuclide cesium
Artificially simulating the cesium polluted soil environment, and taking cesium chloride (CsCl) as a cesium source. The soil for the test is uniformly bagged, put into an autoclave (121 ℃) for damp heat sterilization for 24 hours, and cooled for standby. 8.0kg of soil is filled in each pot, agricultural compost (0.5g/kg) prepared by stevia rebaudiana extract preparation is applied, water is added, and the field water capacity is kept to be 70-80%. After 2 weeks, pouring 200mg Cs/kg into soil (obtained through CsCl gradient test considering plant growth condition and actual soil pollution reality) in each pot, and periodically adding water within 1 week to keep the field water capacity at 70-80%. After 4 weeks, when the Cs content of the surface soil and the bottom soil has no significant difference, 8kg of soil is loaded into a plastic container, test groups plant sorghum in a pot according to the following method, and sorghum seedlings are soaked in a liquid preparation diluted by 400 times for 24-36 hours; diluting the liquid preparation 1000 times, and uniformly pouring sorghum. The control group was watered with sorghum alone, and the rest was identical to the test group. The cesium content and the enrichment coefficient were measured after 3 months, and the results are shown in table 22, and it can be seen that the treatment of the agricultural compost and liquid preparation prepared from the stevia extract preparation of the present invention significantly increased the Cs content and the enrichment coefficient in the overground and underground parts of sorghum, compared to the control group; the Cs content in the soil was also significantly reduced compared to the control group. The stevia rebaudiana extract preparation enhances the absorption of the sorghum to cesium in the soil, further promotes the transfer of the cesium from the underground part to the overground part, and effectively achieves the purpose of transferring nuclide cesium in the soil by the sorghum, thereby repairing the soil radionuclide cesium pollution.
TABLE 22 Effect of stevia extract preparations on the Cs content and enrichment factor of sorghum above and below ground and soil
Figure RE-GDA0002330970580000231
Conventional techniques in the above embodiments are known to those skilled in the art, and therefore, will not be described in detail herein.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative, and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, all equivalent technical solutions also belong to the scope of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims.

Claims (10)

1. Use of a stevia preparation for activating soil microbiota and/or promoting plant growth, characterized in that: the stevia preparation comprises original stevia preparation and/or stevia extract preparation; the stevia rebaudiana extract preparation is obtained by fermenting epiphytic bacteria in a stevia rebaudiana raw material; the epiphytic bacteria comprise lactic acid bacteria or bacillus subtilis.
2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preparation method of the stevia rebaudiana extract preparation comprises the following steps:
firstly), putting stevia rebaudiana raw material into the extraction solution for extraction;
secondly), mixing and concentrating the extract obtained in the step one);
thirdly), fermenting and maturing the concentrated solution obtained in the second) step to obtain a stevia rebaudiana extract preparation, namely a liquid preparation;
the stevia raw material contains 0-100 wt% of stevia stems and 0-50 wt% of stevia leaves.
3. Use according to claim 2, characterized in that: 100-20000 ppm of citric acid is added into the liquid preparation in the preparation process.
4. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that: the stevia extract preparation contains phenols, flavones and potassium ions.
5. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that: the phenols in the stevia extract preparation include allyl-6-methoxyphenol.
6. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the stevia preparation is used for at least one of the following aspects: before planting, during planting, for fruit trees, lawns, fresh flowers and forestry.
7. Use of a stevia formulation of any of claims 1 through 5 in the preparation of an agricultural compost.
8. Use of a stevia formulation of claim 7 in the preparation of an agricultural compost, wherein: the preparation method of the agricultural compost comprises the following steps: adding stevia rebaudiana preparation as claimed in any one of claims 1-6 into animal feces, adding dry wheat straw and/or dry rice straw, mixing, stacking, and naturally fermenting until no odor exists.
9. Use of a stevia formulation of any of claims 1-5 in improving saline and alkaline land.
10. Use of a stevia rebaudiana preparation of any of claims 1-5 for remediating soil radionuclides cesium contamination.
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