CN110981502A - 一种用于不烧含碳砖工艺配方中的陶瓷结合剂生产方法 - Google Patents

一种用于不烧含碳砖工艺配方中的陶瓷结合剂生产方法 Download PDF

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CN110981502A
CN110981502A CN202010047063.8A CN202010047063A CN110981502A CN 110981502 A CN110981502 A CN 110981502A CN 202010047063 A CN202010047063 A CN 202010047063A CN 110981502 A CN110981502 A CN 110981502A
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颜立新
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于不烧含碳砖工艺配方中的陶瓷结合剂的生产方法,包括以下步骤:细粉碾磨:在镁砂细粉中加入碳素原料得到混合粉,镁砂细粉和碳素原料的重量比为65~90:10~35,在混合粉中加入助磨剂和稀土得到混合料,在混合料内加水碾磨,碾磨后得到3500~4000目的细粉浆料,细粉浆料的含水量为35~55%;干燥:在细粉浆料中加入浆料稳定剂,干燥后得到成品,成品的含水量为0.5~6%本发明中生产工艺简易可行,生产成本低,在不烧含碳砖中用本发明中的陶瓷结合剂完全替代酚醛树脂加入,由于陶瓷结合剂是粉类物质,可以堵住砖坯的孔,所以可相应地可以减少防氧化金属粉的加入。

Description

一种用于不烧含碳砖工艺配方中的陶瓷结合剂生产方法
技术领域
本发明涉及耐火材料领域,尤其涉及一种用于不烧含碳砖工艺配方中的陶瓷结合剂的生产方法。
背景技术
以镁碳砖以及铝镁碳砖和镁铝碳砖为代表的不烧含碳砖,是目前钢铁行业中转炉炼钢、电炉炼钢用主要耐火材料,它以镁砂、刚玉、碳素材料等为原料,添加结合剂后,压制成型的不烧或轻烧制品。由于碳素材料,主要是指石墨、碳黑,很难与其它如镁砂、刚玉、矾土无机材料颗粒直接粘结,无法很好地机压成型,而不烧耐火制品的力学强度主要是由结合剂产生,所以结合剂的选择是含碳不烧砖的关键技术。大量的文献报道目前不烧含碳砖结合剂最成熟的也是最广泛使用的是树脂类(或改性)这类有机结合剂。传统的无机结合剂如硅酸盐类、铝酸盐类、磷酸盐类(例如六偏磷酸钠、硫酸盐类和氯化物类等因与碳素材料结合力不强,起不到加强含碳砖结合强度的作用,只用于不含碳耐火材料制品。热塑性沥青类物质,虽具有与石墨、氧化镁、氧化铝等亲和力大,炭化后残碳率高,成本低的特点,但是沥青中含有致癌的芳香烃,尤其是苯并芘含量高,由于环保意识的加强,现在沥青在高档不烧含碳砖生产上基本不使用。高档含碳耐火材料制品是采用酚醛树脂作结合剂,酚醛树脂在制砖时温度较低,此时利用酚醛树脂的胶黏作用;在烧结时,温度较高,酚醛树脂烧结后留下碳,碳起到桥接作用。但是酚醛树脂由毒性较大的苯酚和甲醛反应制得的,酚醛树脂生产过程中严重污染环境;采用了酚醛树脂的含碳不烧砖在制砖过程、微粉烘烤过程及使用过程中,都会释放苯酚、甲醛等有毒气体,破坏环境危害健康。据统计每生产1吨酚醛树脂需要排放0.9-1.5吨废水(含冲泵水),废水中含有酚、醛、醇等有害成分。
酚醛树脂作为结合剂粘度偏大时物料混练不均匀,因此在冬季组织生产时,酚醛树脂需要加热以降低粘度,给耐材厂家特别是北方地区的厂家生产造成工艺和管理上的麻烦,严重时需要停产避冬以免造成不烧砖质量事故。
因此,研制一种无挥发无毒性的无机结合剂替代沥青和树脂,实现不烧含碳砖生产使用环保化是很有必要的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于不烧含碳砖工艺配方中的陶瓷结合剂的生产方法。
本发明的创新点在于本发明的陶瓷结合剂,利用氧化镁微粉的凝聚作用,解决传统无机结合剂在含碳砖制砖时的胶结能力低及使用中、高温时强度下降问题,可以完全替代目前中低碳含量牌号不烧含碳砖需用的酚醛树脂及它各类有机结合剂,作用于制砖工艺后达到不烧含碳砖生产工艺不变,各项理化性能不降低,实际使用效果相当的目的。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明的技术方案是:
一种用于不烧含碳砖工艺配方中的陶瓷结合剂的生产方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)细粉碾磨:在镁砂细粉中加入碳素原料得到混合粉,镁砂细粉和碳素原料的重量比为65~90:10~35,在混合粉中加入助磨剂和稀土得到混合料,助磨剂的加入量为混合粉重量的0.05~0.15%,稀土的加入量为混合粉重量的0.3~0.5%,在混合料内加水碾磨,碾磨后得到3500~4000目的细粉浆料,细粉浆料的含水量为35~55%;
(2)干燥:在细粉浆料中加入浆料稳定剂,浆料稳定剂的加入量为细粉浆料重量的0.4~0.5%,在300~600℃的环境下干燥,干燥后得到成品,成品的含水量为0.5~6%。
利用氧化镁微粉的范德华力在不烧含碳砖的前期制砖过程中起到凝聚作用,又用碳素在不烧含碳砖的后期烧结时起到桥接作用,在镁砂细粉中混入碳素原料,可以使得后期制砖时碳素原料分布的更为均匀,在制备陶瓷结合剂时先制成细粉浆料再制作成成品,可以减少碾磨的时间、提高细粉的细度以及降低碾磨的温度,减少碾磨时间可以提高生产效率,提高细粉的细度可以增加碳素的活性、降低碾磨的温度可以减少碳素的氧化。
稀土的作用可以促进不烧含碳砖的后期烧结,降低烧结温度,浆料稳定剂可以防止浆料沉淀。
进一步地,所述镁砂细粉的粒度<0.088mm。
进一步地,所述镁砂细粉为电熔镁砂或高纯镁砂,镁砂细粉中氧化镁的重量占比≥96%。
进一步地,所述碳素原料为石墨、碳黑中的一种或两种组成的混合物。
进一步地,所述助磨剂为十二烷基硫酸钠助磨剂。
进一步地,所述稀土为三氧化二钕。
进一步地,所述浆料稳定剂为聚乙烯醇。
本发明的有益效果是 :
1、本发明中利用氧化镁微粉的范德华力在不烧含碳砖的前期制砖过程中起到凝聚作用,又用碳素在不烧含碳砖的后期烧结时起到桥接作用,在镁砂细粉中混入碳素原料,可以使得后期制砖时碳素原料分布的更为均匀,在制备陶瓷结合剂时先制成细粉浆料再制作成成品,可以减少碾磨的时间、提高细粉的细度以及降低碾磨的温度,减少碾磨时间可以提高生产效率,提高细粉的细度可以增加碳素的活性、降低碾磨的温度可以减少碳素的氧化。
2、本发明中利用氧化镁微粉的凝聚作用,解决传统无机结合剂在含碳砖制砖时的胶结能力低及使用中、高温时强度下降问题,可以完全替代目前中低碳含量牌号不烧含碳砖需用的酚醛树脂及它各类有机结合剂,作用于制砖工艺后达到不烧含碳砖生产工艺不变,各项理化性能不降低,实际使用效果相当的目的。
3、本发明中生产工艺简易可行,生产成本低,在不烧含碳砖中用本发明中的陶瓷结合剂完全替代酚醛树脂加入,由于陶瓷结合剂是粉类物质,可以堵住砖坯的孔,所以可相应地可以减少防氧化金属粉的加入。
4、本发明陶瓷结合剂是干粉,混料不受环境温度影响,在混料时适量添加水份即可,冬季生产不烧含碳砖无质量波动。
5、本发明的陶瓷结合剂不含有毒物料,无挥发份,制备过程无污染性排放,作为结合剂功能加入不烧碳,不会给耐火材料的生产和使用过程造成污染或延时排放。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
实施例1:一种用于不烧含碳砖工艺配方中的陶瓷结合剂的生产方法,细粉碾磨:在镁砂细粉中加入碳素原料得到混合粉,镁砂细粉和碳素原料的重量比为65:10,镁砂细粉的粒度<0.088mm,镁砂细粉为电熔镁砂,镁砂细粉中氧化镁的重量占比≥96%,碳素原料为石墨。在混合粉中加入助磨剂和稀土得到混合料,助磨剂为十二烷基硫酸钠助磨剂,稀土为三氧化二钕,助磨剂的加入量为混合粉重量的0.05%,稀土的加入量为混合粉重量的0.3%,在混合料内加水碾磨,在搅拌机内碾磨16小时,搅拌机转速为700r/min,搅拌机内的磨球为氧化钇稳定氧化锆陶瓷球,碾磨后得到3500~4000目的细粉浆料,细粉浆料的含水量为35%;干燥:在细粉浆料中加入浆料稳定剂,浆料稳定剂为聚乙烯醇,浆料稳定剂的加入量为细粉浆料重量的0.4%,在喷雾干燥机中干燥,干燥的温度为300~600℃,干燥后得到成品,成品的含水量为0.5%。
实施例2:一种用于不烧含碳砖工艺配方中的陶瓷结合剂的生产方法,细粉碾磨:在镁砂细粉中加入碳素原料得到混合粉,镁砂细粉和碳素原料的重量比为65:35,镁砂细粉的粒度<0.088mm,镁砂细粉为高纯镁砂,镁砂细粉中氧化镁的重量占比≥96%,碳素原料为碳黑。在混合粉中加入助磨剂和稀土得到混合料,助磨剂为十二烷基硫酸钠助磨剂,稀土为三氧化二钕,助磨剂的加入量为混合粉重量的0.1%,稀土的加入量为混合粉重量的0.4%,在混合料内加水碾磨,在搅拌机内碾磨12小时,搅拌机机转速700r/min,磨球为氧化钇稳定氧化锆陶瓷球,碾磨后得到3500~4000目的细粉浆料,细粉浆料的含水量为45;干燥:在细粉浆料中加入浆料稳定剂,浆料稳定剂为聚乙烯醇,浆料稳定剂的加入量为细粉浆料重量的0.45%,在喷雾干燥机中干燥,干燥的温度为300~600℃,干燥后得到成品,成品的含水量为3%。
实施例3:一种用于不烧含碳砖工艺配方中的陶瓷结合剂的生产方法,细粉碾磨:在镁砂细粉中加入碳素原料得到混合粉,镁砂细粉和碳素原料的重量比为90:10,镁砂细粉的粒度<0.088mm,镁砂细粉为电熔镁砂,镁砂细粉中氧化镁的重量占比≥96%,碳素原料为石墨、碳黑的混合物。在混合粉中加入助磨剂和稀土得到混合料,助磨剂为十二烷基硫酸钠助磨剂,稀土为三氧化二钕,助磨剂的加入量为混合粉重量的0.15%,稀土的加入量为混合粉重量的0.5%,在混合料内加水碾磨,在搅拌机内碾磨10小时,搅拌机转速700r/min,磨球为氧化钇稳定氧化锆陶瓷球,碾磨后得到3500~4000目的细粉浆料,细粉浆料的含水量为55%;干燥:在细粉浆料中加入浆料稳定剂,浆料稳定剂为聚乙烯醇,浆料稳定剂的加入量为细粉浆料重量的0.5%,在喷雾干燥机中干燥,干燥的温度为300~600℃,干燥后得到成品,成品的含水量为6%。
实施例4:参考实施例1,镁砂细粉和碳素原料的重量比为90:35。
实施例5:实施例1生产的陶瓷结合剂的应用方法,按质量分数取原料,原料包括镁砂颗粒61%、镁砂细粉19%、石墨11%、抗氧化剂4%、陶瓷结合剂5%,镁砂颗粒的粒径为0.088~5mm,镁砂细粉的粒径为0~0.088mm,镁砂颗粒中氧化镁的重量占比≥97%,镁砂细粉中氧化镁的重量占比≥95.5%,抗氧化剂是由铝粉和硅粉组成的混合物;先将镁砂细粉、石墨、抗氧化剂混合,得到预制混合粉;再将镁砂颗粒、树脂混合均匀后加入预制混合粉中混合均匀、出料、成型,成型后的镁碳砖在250°C条件下热处理。
实施例6:参考实施例5,将原料改为镁砂颗粒61%、镁砂细粉19%、石墨11%、抗氧化剂5%、酚醛树脂4%。
实施例7:实施例2生产的陶瓷结合剂的应用方法,按质量分数取原料,原料包括高铝骨料65%、混合细粉25 %、石墨5%、抗氧化剂1.5 %、陶瓷结合剂3.5%,混合细粉包括质量分数为59%高铝熟料、及41%镁砂,抗氧化剂是由铝粉和硅粉组成的混合物;先将混合细粉、石墨、抗氧化剂混合,得到预制混合料;再将高铝骨料、树脂混合均匀后加入预制混合料中混合均匀、出料,成型,成型后的铝镁碳砖在200°C条件下热处理。
实施例8:参考实施例7,将原料改为高铝骨料65%、混合细粉25 %、石墨5%、抗氧化剂0.5 %、酚醛树脂4.5%。
表1 实施例5、6与实施例7、8制备成品的物理性能指标表
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
由表1可知,添加本发明陶瓷结合剂制备出的不烧含碳砖,物理性能与采用酚醛树脂的制品相当,使用效果相当。因此,添加本发明陶瓷结合剂完全可以替代传统的酚醛树脂,制备出的性能优良的不烧含碳砖。
所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于不烧含碳砖工艺配方中的陶瓷结合剂的生产方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)细粉碾磨:在镁砂细粉中加入碳素原料得到混合粉,镁砂细粉和碳素原料的重量比为65~90:10~35,在混合粉中加入助磨剂和稀土得到混合料,助磨剂的加入量为混合粉重量的0.05~0.15%,稀土的加入量为混合粉重量的0.3~0.5%,在混合料内加水碾磨,碾磨后得到3500~4000目的细粉浆料,细粉浆料的含水量为35~55%;
(2)干燥:在细粉浆料中加入浆料稳定剂,浆料稳定剂的加入量为细粉浆料重量的0.4~0.5%,在300~600℃的环境下干燥,干燥后得到成品,成品的含水量为0.5~6%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于不烧含碳砖工艺配方中的陶瓷结合剂的生产方法,其特征在于,所述镁砂细粉的粒度<0.088mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于不烧含碳砖工艺配方中的陶瓷结合剂的生产方法,其特征在于,所述镁砂细粉为电熔镁砂或高纯镁砂,镁砂细粉中氧化镁的重量占比≥96%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于不烧含碳砖工艺配方中的陶瓷结合剂的生产方法,其特征在于,所述碳素原料为石墨、碳黑中的一种或两种组成的混合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于不烧含碳砖工艺配方中的陶瓷结合剂的生产方法,其特征在于,所述助磨剂为十二烷基硫酸钠助磨剂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用于不烧含碳砖工艺配方中的陶瓷结合剂的生产方法,其特征在于,所述稀土为三氧化二钕。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用于不烧含碳砖工艺配方中的陶瓷结合剂的生产方法,其特征在于,所述浆料稳定剂为聚乙烯醇。
8.根据权利要求1所述的用于不烧含碳砖工艺配方中的陶瓷结合剂的生产方法,其特征在于,所述干燥采用喷雾干燥。
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