CN110978652A - 一种建筑用多功能轻质面板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种建筑用多功能轻质面板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110978652A
CN110978652A CN201911220735.4A CN201911220735A CN110978652A CN 110978652 A CN110978652 A CN 110978652A CN 201911220735 A CN201911220735 A CN 201911220735A CN 110978652 A CN110978652 A CN 110978652A
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core layer
panel
wood
multifunctional light
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王建和
黄素涌
杜官本
彭思
张龙
卫佩行
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Ningbo Zhongjia Low Carbon New Technology Research Institute Co ltd
Southwest Forestry University
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Southwest Forestry University
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Abstract

本发明涉及建筑用多功能轻质面板及其制备方法。建筑用多功能轻质面板包括：三层结构,包括底层、表层和芯层，其中，芯层位于表层和底层之间，表层和底层材料采用竹材层积材或单板层积材或规格锯材,芯层采用规格锯材和硬质保温材料交替铺放，芯层与表层和底层材料采用树脂进行胶接。本发明的建筑用多功能轻质面板可以用作墙板和屋面板，在降低自重的同时，提高了保温和隔音性能。

Description

一种建筑用多功能轻质面板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑用多功能轻质面板及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着建筑工业化的发展，现代木结构作为一种新型建筑体系逐渐显示其优势，中高层木结构已成为我国绿色建筑发展的重要趋势。木结构建筑体系具有绿色、低碳、节能、环保等综合性能，符合未来建筑可持续发展的方向，是世界公认的绿色建筑和装配式建筑。近几年来，在欧洲和北美发达国家，以锯材为基本单元制成的木材正交胶合木(Cross-Laminated Timber，CLT)为代表的新一代重型木结构建筑体系正在迅速取代钢筋混凝土和砖混结构,用于建造各类建筑。
在欧美发达国家，木材CLT通常是通过把厚度为15-35mm针叶材规格锯材通过分等、接长、铺层、涂胶、纵横交错层积和加压胶合等工序而制成的新型建筑材料，轻质高强，可充分发挥木材强重比高的优势，板材幅面大，可达3m×18m以上,厚度可至300mm,可实现模块化生产，在工厂预制成各类墙板、楼板及屋面板，在现场组装和建造，用以取代现浇钢筋水泥制品和水泥预制板，可有力推动住宅产业化的发展。
但普通CLT墙体和屋面板通常采用木材实心结构,成本高,同时其保温和隔音效果也较差。通常为达到一定的保温效果，需外加保温层，致使施工复杂，墙体较厚。
发明内容
为克服以上不足,本发明提出了一种多功能轻质面板(可用作墙板和屋面板)及其制造方法。它以常见的工程木(竹)制品如竹材层积材或单板层积材或规格锯材等为原料，通过对多功能轻质墙板和屋面板的设计，芯层采用规格锯材和硬质保温材料交替铺放，在不增加墙板和屋面板厚度的同时，提高墙体和屋面板的保温和隔音性能。
多功能轻质墙板和屋面板的工业化制造、装配式施工特性，符合目前我国建筑工业化的发展方向。由于采用了可再生的木材和竹材为原料，与混凝土结构和钢结构体系相比，多功能轻质保温墙板和屋面板更加节能、低碳、环保。
本发明提供了一种建筑用多功能轻质面板，包括：三层结构,包括底层、表层和芯层，其中，芯层位于表层和底层之间，表层和底层材料采用竹材层积材或单板层积材或规格锯材,芯层采用规格锯材和硬质保温材料交替铺放，芯层与表层和底层材料采用树脂进行胶接。
在上述建筑用多功能轻质面板中，其中，芯层的材料与表层和底层垂直配置，芯层的宽面与板面平行，同时采用一定间距平行排列，间距内填充与芯层的厚度相同的块状的硬质保温材料。
在上述建筑用多功能轻质面板中，其中，所述硬质保温材料为软木板、轻质纤维板或聚苯乙烯。
在上述建筑用多功能轻质面板中，其中，芯层的材料与表层和底层材料连接时采用耐候树脂并且进行加压固化，所述耐候树脂为异氰酸酯乳液聚合物或聚氨酯等树脂。
本发明还提供了上述建筑用多功能轻质面板的方法，包括：竹材层积材或单板层积材或规格锯材先经干燥、砂光或刨光，再经拼层、硬质保温材料填充、涂胶、各层间垂直铺装、冷压和锯割工序制成所述的多功能轻质面板；所述多功能轻质面板的厚度和内部结构根据板材保温、隔音和承载刚度的要求进行设计；树脂的用量为100-300g/m2，在芯层与表层和底层材料采用树脂进行胶接时采用加压工艺，单位压力为0.8-2.0MPa，加压时间为0.5-2.0h。
本发明的的多功能轻质保温墙板和屋面板各层材料之间通过正交叠合的方式用耐候树脂胶合，芯层规格锯材采用一定间距平行排列，形成垂直于板材受力方向的间隙，用于填充软木板或轻质纤维板或聚苯乙烯等硬质保温材料，从而减轻了板材自重，提高了板材的承载效率和安装方便性。另外，多功能轻质墙板和屋面板由工程木(竹)制品或规格锯材按照复合材料的层状结构铺设组成，可充分利用工程木(竹)制品和木材的力学性能；同时墙板和屋面板尺寸可以根据受力情况通过调整规格工程木(竹)制品或锯材的尺寸调整，便于预制和标准化生产。此外，多功能轻质墙板和屋面板的芯层采用规格锯材依一定间距平行排列，芯层锯材规格(宽度和厚度)和间距的大小可根据板材承载刚度、重量、保温和隔音的需要进行调整，间距内填充与其厚度基本相同的块状的硬质保温材料，因此可显著提高板材的隔热和隔音效果。
附图说明
图1示出了竹材层积材和软木板复合多功能轻质墙板和屋面板的示意图。
图2示出了锯材和轻质纤维板复合多功能墙板和屋面板的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面的实施例可以使本领域技术人员更全面地理解本发明，但不以任何方式限制本发明。
本发明提出的一种建筑用的多功能轻质面板(下面以用作墙板和屋面板为例进行说明)及制作方法，通常为三层结构,表层和底层材料采用竹材层积材或单板层积材或规格锯材等,芯层采用规格锯材和硬质保温材料交替铺放；芯层锯材与表层和底层垂直配置，其宽面与板面平行，同时采用一定间距平行排列；芯层锯材规格(宽度和厚度)和间距的大小可根据板材承载刚度、保温和隔音的需要进行调整；间距内填充与其厚度基本相同的块状的硬质保温材料，如软木板或轻质纤维板或聚苯乙烯等；芯层与表层和底层材料采用高性能的耐候树脂如异氰酸酯乳液聚合物或聚氨酯等进行胶接。产品自重轻，承载效率高，既可承重，又可装饰，同时具有很好的保温和隔音效果，便于标准化生产和装配安装，工艺简单，制备成本较低，可广泛用作各类装配式建筑的墙板及屋面板。
与普通正交胶合木(CLT)相比，可显著降低自重，因而提高了板材的承载效率，降低了装配作业时的劳动强度；另外墙板和屋面板内部间隔铺放的硬质保温材料，有利于隔音和隔热，可大大提高板材的隔热和隔音性能。
下面结合具体的实施例进行说明，以更好地理解本发明。
实施例1
如图1所示，一种建筑用多功能轻质墙板和屋面板采用竹材层积材和软木板复合，三层结构，由厚度为35mm的竹材层积材1和40mm厚的生态软木板3施加单组份聚氨酯树脂4组成。竹材层积材作为表层和底层，厚度为35mm的SPF规格锯材作为芯层的间隔材料而形成间距。图1中箭头为表底层竹材层积材主强度方向，SPF锯材2和软木板3共同作为芯层，芯层SPF锯材2的间距为500mm,但主强度方向与表层和底层竹材层积材主强度方向正交。具体制作过程如下：
1)将厚度为38mm的竹材层积材板材裁成规格为200-400mm宽的竹材层积材，经表面砂光至35mm厚，经水分调节至9-15％，再用作表底层材料；同时将38mm×140mm的SPF规格锯材干燥到含水率为9-15％，再经表面刨光，得到厚度为35mm的芯层间隔材料,芯层间隔距离为500mm；
2)再选取厚度为40mm的软木板进行切割，得到宽度为500mm的软木板；
3)按正交铺装的生产方法涂胶组坯，各层板之间采用单组份聚氨酯树脂(PUR)为胶粘剂，使用淋胶机进行施胶，开放时间为10-30min，施胶量为120-250g/m2；
4)将板坯送入压机进行压制，单位压力为0.8-1.5MPa，加压时间为0.5-2.0h，然后进行裁边制成厚度为105mm的多功能轻质墙板和屋面板。
实施例2
如图2所示，图2与图1结构类似，仅材料和尺寸等不同。一种建筑用多功能轻质墙板和屋面板采用锯材和轻质纤维板复合，三层结构，由2级和2级以上2x6(38mm×140mm)经干燥的铁杉规格锯材1，国产树种锯材2和50mm厚的轻质纤维板3施加双组份异氰酸酯乳液聚合物树脂4组成。铁杉锯材作为表层和底层，芯层的间隔材料选用国产树种锯材，如东北落叶松或云南松等而形成间距。图2中箭头为表底层铁杉锯材主强度方向，国产树种锯材2和轻质纤维板3共同作为芯层，国产树种锯材2的间距为600mm,但主强度方向与表层和底层锯材主强度方向正交。具体制作过程如下：
1)将38mm×140mm的铁杉规格锯材干燥到含水率为9-15％，再经表面刨光，得到厚度为35mm的表底层材料；
2)将50mm×150mm的国产云南松或云南铁杉树种锯材干燥到含水率为9-15％，再经表面刨光，得到厚度为45mm的芯层间隔材料，间隔距离为600mm；
2)再选取厚度为50mm的轻质纤维板(密度为90-300g/cm3)进行切割，得到宽度为600mm的轻质纤维板；
3)按正交铺装的生产方法涂胶组坯，各层板之间采用双组份异氰酸酯乳液聚合物树脂(EPI)为胶粘剂，使用淋胶机进行施胶，开放时间为10-30min，施胶量为150-300g/m2；
4)将板坯送入压机进行压制，单位压力为0.8-1.5MPa，加压时间为0.5-1.5h，然后进行裁边制成厚度为115mm的轻质结构多功能墙板和屋面板。
对以上述方法制备的建筑材料按照国家标准GB/T23472-2009进行性能指标测试，均达到或超过国家标准GB/T23472-2009的要求。
本发明利用木(竹)材资源及软木或纤维资源，结构稳定，性能优越，符合低碳环保的时代主题，满足舒适健康的人居环境要求。
本发明的多功能轻质保温墙板和屋面板各层材料之间通过正交叠合的方式用耐候树脂胶合，芯层规格锯材采用一定间距平行排列，形成垂直于板材受力方向的间隙，用于填充软木板或轻质纤维板或聚苯乙烯等硬质保温材料，从而减轻了板材自重，提高了板材的承载效率和安装方便性。另外，多功能轻质墙板和屋面板由工程木(竹)制品或规格锯材按照复合材料的层状结构铺设组成，可充分利用工程木(竹)制品和木材的力学性能；同时墙板和屋面板尺寸可以根据受力情况通过调整规格工程木(竹)制品或锯材的尺寸调整，便于预制和标准化生产。此外，多功能轻质墙板和屋面板的芯层采用规格锯材依一定间距平行排列，芯层锯材规格(宽度和厚度)和间距的大小可根据板材承载刚度、重量、保温和隔音的需要进行调整，间距内填充与其厚度基本相同的块状的硬质保温材料，因此可显著提高板材的隔热和隔音效果。
本领域技术人员应理解，以上实施例仅是示例性实施例，在不背离本申请的精神和范围的情况下，可以进行多种变化、替换以及改变。

Claims (5)

1.一种建筑用多功能轻质面板，包括：
三层结构,包括底层、表层和芯层，其中，芯层位于表层和底层之间，表层和底层材料采用竹材层积材或单板层积材或规格锯材,芯层采用规格锯材和硬质保温材料交替铺放，芯层与表层和底层材料采用树脂进行胶接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的建筑用多功能轻质面板，其中，芯层的材料与表层和底层垂直配置，芯层的宽面与板面平行，同时采用一定间距平行排列，间距内填充与芯层的厚度相同的块状的硬质保温材料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的建筑用多功能轻质面板，其中，所述硬质保温材料为软木板、轻质纤维板或聚苯乙烯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的建筑用多功能轻质面板，其中，芯层的材料与表层和底层材料连接时采用耐候树脂并且进行加压固化，所述耐候树脂为异氰酸酯乳液聚合物或聚氨酯等树脂。
5.一种制备权利要求1至4中任一项所述的建筑用多功能轻质面板的方法，包括：
竹材层积材或单板层积材或规格锯材先经干燥、砂光或刨光，再经拼层、硬质保温材料填充、涂胶、各层间垂直铺装、冷压和锯割工序制成所述的多功能轻质面板；所述多功能轻质面板的厚度和内部结构根据板材保温、隔音和承载刚度的要求进行设计；树脂的用量为100-300g/m2，在芯层与表层和底层材料采用树脂进行胶接时采用加压工艺，单位压力为0.8-2.0MPa，加压时间为0.5-2.0h。
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