CN110972822A

CN110972822A - Ecological restoration method for grassland

Info

Publication number: CN110972822A
Application number: CN201911417125.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 辜再元; 王京燕
Original assignee: Jiangsu Fountain of Green Ecological Construction Co Ltd
Current assignee: Jiangsu Fountain of Green Ecological Construction Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-12-31
Filing date: 2019-12-31
Publication date: 2020-04-10

Abstract

The application discloses an ecological restoration method for a grassland, which comprises the following steps: 1) cutting discontinuous cutting seams on soil to be repaired; 2) spraying a soil micro-ecological restoration agent on the surface of the soil to be restored; the cutting seam of the step 1) is manufactured by root cutting equipment. This application can vertically break soil through root cutting equipment, form the kerf of interval setting, the kerf of interval setting can reduce the disturbance to soil as far as possible, the kerf both improves soil air permeability and can chop the old side root of forage grass, improve soil unit weight, the increase rate of root system dry weight index is especially showing under the grassland, the kerf still can provide the passageway for the soil microecology restorative agent that sprays in step 2) in addition, make things convenient for the soil microecology restorative agent to permeate from top to bottom, through the mutually supporting of kerf and soil microecology restorative agent, degenerated soil obtains improving or rebuilding, the newborn, the soil of growing the grass-grassland of degenerated grass, the grass resumes to high-quality grassland, form good grassland ecological environment.

Description

Ecological restoration method for grassland

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of ecological restoration, in particular to an ecological restoration method for a grassland.

Background

Grasslands in China are degraded to different degrees, and the degradation area is large and is increased every year. But the currently adopted ecological restoration technology is single and the restoration effect is not ideal. The grassland in China is widely distributed in arid and semi-arid regions, and the mechanized, intelligent and continuous operation level of ecological restoration is low, so that large-area ecological restoration work cannot be completed in the short growing period of the grassland and the restoration effect cannot be achieved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides an ecological restoration method for a grassland aiming at the problems.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

an ecological restoration method for a grassland comprises the following steps:

1) cutting discontinuous cutting seams on soil to be repaired;

2) spraying a soil micro-ecological restoration agent on the surface of the soil to be restored;

the slitting of step 1) is made through a root cutting device, the root cutting device comprising:

a frame;

the rotating shaft is rotatably arranged on the rack;

the mounting discs are mounted on the rotating shaft at intervals;

the blades are arranged on the corresponding mounting discs, a plurality of blades are arranged on each mounting disc, and the blades can be driven to cut into soil when the mounting discs rotate;

the height-adjustable rear roller is arranged on the rack, and the depth of the blade cutting into the soil can be adjusted by adjusting the height of the rear roller;

the traction agricultural machine is connected with the front end of the frame, and the rotating shaft is located between the traction agricultural machine and the rear roller.

The soil can be longitudinally broken through the root cutting equipment, the cutting seams arranged at intervals are formed, the cutting seams arranged at intervals can reduce disturbance to the soil (surface soil loss is reduced to the maximum extent), the cutting seams can improve the air permeability of the soil and cut old lateral roots of the pasture, the volume weight of the soil is improved, the increase rate of the dry weight index of the root system under the pasture is particularly obvious, in addition, the cutting seams can also provide a channel for the soil micro-ecological repairing agent sprayed in the step 2), the soil micro-ecological repairing agent can conveniently permeate from top to bottom, the degraded soil is improved or rebuilt through the mutual matching of the cutting seams and the soil micro-ecological repairing agent, the new growth of the degraded grass roots and the growth of the pasture-the soil and the grass in the pasture are recovered to a high-quality pasture, and a good grassland.

When the root cutting equipment works, the blades of the mounting disc are in contact with soil and can cut into the soil to form cutting seams, the blades on the mounting disc can cut into the soil one by one along with the movement of the rack and can form the cutting seams arranged at intervals, the disturbance to the soil is reduced as much as possible while the roots are reliably cut, the cutting seams can improve the soil ventilation property and cut old and old side roots of the pasture, the increase rate of dry weight indexes of root systems in parts of a grassland is particularly obvious when the volume weight of the soil is improved, and a channel can be provided for the entering of soil repairing materials; the maximum depth of the blade cut into the soil can be changed by adjusting the height of the rear roller, the pasture cutting machine is suitable for various pasture types, and the applicability is strong.

A plurality of mounting discs combine the design of multitool piece, can obtain extremely narrow, intensive lancing, can also cut out deeper lancing through the regulation of back roller. When the cutting machine is actually used, the number of the blades can be adjusted according to the degradation degree of a grassland, so that cutting seams with different densities are formed, and the air permeability of soil is improved.

In one embodiment of the invention, the soil microecological restoration agent comprises bioactive water and water, wherein the bioactive water accounts for 2.5-5% by mass, and the water accounts for 95-97.5% by mass; the bioactive water comprises amino acid, compound microorganism and trace elements, wherein the amino acid is 1.65-2.00 mg/ml, the number of the compound microorganism is 30000000-32000000 cfu, and the trace elements are 75-100 mg/ml.

The amino acid of the bioactive water is small-molecular organic carbon, so that basic nutrition is provided for soil, pasture and soil microorganisms, increase of soil organic matters is promoted, growth of root systems and plants of the pasture is promoted, mass propagation of microbial floras is promoted, activity is enhanced, and the composite microorganism of the bioactive water can improve soil environment; the microelements of the bioactive water can provide nutrition for pasture and soil microorganisms, promote the growth of the pasture and the propagation of the microorganisms and provide a foundation for soil improvement. The soil microecological restoration agent can carry out ecological restoration on a slightly degraded grassland (the total yield of the grassland is reduced by 30%) and a moderately degraded grassland (the total yield of the grassland is reduced by 30% -60%), can quickly increase soil organic matters, loose property, nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolution, potassium activation, enhance the water retention property of soil, promote the growth of rhizosphere microorganisms of grasses and reduce the salt content of the soil (within 1 month).

The soil can be improved by spraying the soil microecological restoration agent to the degraded soil, and the improved soil can provide nutrient substances for the growth of the grass, so that the regeneration of the root system of the grass and the growth of the overground part of the grass are promoted, the yield of the grass is increased, and the quality of the grass is improved; grass yield increase, including increased density, height and root system of the grass; the grass can also play a role in soil regurgitation after increasing yield: soil is fixed, water is preserved, and wind is prevented, so that a grass field virtuous ecological cycle of 'grass benefiting soil and soil benefiting grass' is finally formed.

In one embodiment of the invention, the soil microecological restoration agent comprises wood fiber, a water-retaining agent, a binder, a compound fertilizer, an organic fertilizer, bioactive water, water and grass seeds, wherein the mass fraction of the wood fiber is 10-15%, the mass fraction of the water-retaining agent is 0.4-0.8%, the mass fraction of the binder is 0.2-0.4%, the mass fraction of the compound fertilizer is 0.8-1.6%, the mass fraction of the organic fertilizer is 10-15%, the mass fraction of the bioactive water is 1.8-3.6%, the mass fraction of the water is 62-75%, and the mass fraction of the grass seeds is 1.4-2.8%;

the bioactive water comprises amino acid, compound microorganism and trace elements, wherein the amino acid is 1.65-2.00 mg/ml, the number of the compound microorganism is 30000000-32000000 cfu, and the trace elements are 75-100 mg/ml.

The soil microecological restoration agent is suitable for ecological restoration or artificial grassland reconstruction of a severely degraded grassland (the total yield of the grassland is reduced by more than 60%). The wood fiber of the soil microecological restoration agent is of a uniform fluffy structure, the soil air permeability is improved in the early stage, the soil heat insulation performance is increased, and in addition, the wood organic component can be decomposed into soil organic matters in a short period under the action of bioactive water; the material is environment-friendly and has no secondary pollution. The water-retaining agent of the soil microecological restoration agent is an organic polymer material, increases the water-retaining property of the soil by 13.5 times, and is particularly suitable for improving the soil environment in arid and semi-arid regions; the material is environment-friendly and has no secondary pollution. The binder of the soil microecological restoration agent can bond various improved base materials to form a soil-like net structure, and simultaneously reduces the wind erosion and hydraulic erosion effects of the ground surface of a restoration area; the material is environment-friendly and has no secondary pollution. The compound fertilizer of the soil micro-ecological restoration agent contains major elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like, and can supplement soil nutrients and promote plant growth. The organic fertilizer of the soil microecological restoration agent can increase soil organic matters, fertilize soil and promote plant growth; the biological active water of the soil microecological restoration agent is rich in amino acid, compound microorganism and trace elements, can construct a soil microorganism system, decompose environmental pollutants in soil, inhibit pathogenic bacteria, increase micromolecular organic matters in soil, decompose residual grass roots and hay into organic matters, promote root system breeding of pasture, promote seed germination and promote growth of pasture.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the compound microorganism is a combination of at least two of rhodococcus roseus, actinomycetes, bacillus subtilis, bacillus mucilaginosus, lactic acid bacteria, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria.

Rhodococcus roseus can degrade organic pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons and other environmental pollutants in soil, and the secreted nitrile hydratase and lipase have excellent bioremediation effect; the actinomycetes can secrete cytokinin to promote the growth of plants, and the growing hyphae can promote the absorption of root water and effectively improve the drought resistance of the plants; active substances such as subtilin, polymyxin, nystatin, gramicidin and the like generated by bacillus subtilis have obvious inhibition effect on various plant pathogenic bacteria; the bacillus mucilaginosus has phosphorus dissolving and nitrogen fixing capacities, and can secrete various extracellular enzymes to improve the stress resistance of plants; the lactobacillus can decompose lignin and cellulose which are not easy to decompose in normal state, and ferment and decompose organic matters (such as decomposing grass roots of pasture into organic matters) to promote plants to absorb and grow; the saccharomycetes can synthesize active substances for promoting cell division and root growth, and promote seed germination and root development; the photosynthetic bacteria can synthesize saccharides, amino acids, nitrogen compounds and bioactive substances, and can be used for fertilizing soil and promoting plant growth.

The ecological environment of the grassland can be effectively improved by combining at least two fungi. In actual application, in order to ensure a good repairing effect, the compound microorganisms comprise rhodococcus roseus, actinomycetes, bacillus subtilis, bacillus mucilaginosus, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and photosynthetic bacteria.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the trace elements include copper, iron, zinc and manganese, wherein the copper is 15-20 mg/ml, the iron is 20-30 g/ml, the zinc is 30-35 mg/ml, and the manganese is 10-15 gmg/ml.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the frame is connected to the rear roller through a telescopic element, and the telescopic element is a hydraulic cylinder, an air cylinder or an electric push rod.

The height of the rear roller can be reliably and conveniently controlled by controlling the telescopic element.

In an embodiment of the invention, the blade includes a body, one end of the body is a mounting end, the peripheral edges of the body except the mounting end are provided with cutting edges, one end of the body far away from the mounting end is a blade end, and the width of the body gradually decreases from the mounting end side to the blade end side.

The periphery of body all has the cutting edge except that the installation end, and this kind of structure can make things convenient for the blade to cut into soil, and the width of body diminishes to tool bit end one side by installation end one side gradually in addition, also can reduce the resistance that the initial was cut into, makes things convenient for the blade to reliably cut into soil.

In one embodiment of the invention, the width of the cutting seam is 1 mm-3 mm, and the depth is 0 mm-300 mm; in the moving direction of the root cutting equipment, the longitudinal center hole distance of two adjacent cutting seams is 150-450 mm in a plurality of cutting seams made by the same mounting disc.

Narrow cutting seams can be obtained by controlling the thickness of the blade; through the height of the rear roller, root cutting operation can be carried out on positions of different depths where tillering sections of different types of pasture are located, old lateral roots are cut off, and new roots are promoted to germinate. According to the tillering characteristics, the pasture can be divided into 7 types of sparse cluster type, dense cluster type, rhizome-sparse cluster type, axial root type and creeping type, and the tillering nodes are respectively positioned at 10-50mm underground, near the ground surface, 50-200mm underground, 20-30mm underground, 10-30mm underground, 50-300mm underground and near the ground surface. The maximum depth of the blade capable of cutting into soil is 200 mm-300 mm, and the pasture cutting blade is suitable for all types of pasture.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the step 2) is performed by spraying equipment, and the spraying equipment sprays the soil microecological repair agent in a fan-shaped three-dimensional radiation manner.

And step 2) is carried out through spray-seeding equipment, so that mechanized, automatic and efficient operation of a large-area grassland can be realized. Spraying in fan-shaped three-dimensional radiation mode, wherein the sprayed matrix particles are tiny and uniformly distributed, and then freely fall on the surface of the grassland and in the cutting seams.

In one embodiment of the invention, the agricultural tractor and the spraying and sowing equipment are provided with navigation systems, and the agricultural tractor and the spraying and sowing equipment are dragged to run in a set route in a set area through the navigation systems.

In actual application, the navigation system can be GPS, Galileo or Beidou navigation, and the root cutting equipment and the spray seeding equipment can operate in a set route in a set range through the navigation system. Through unmanned automatic driving, the operation time can be prolonged (field operation can be carried out at night), ecological restoration work can be continuously carried out, and finally, the efficient ecological restoration work effect is realized.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the soil can be longitudinally broken through the root cutting equipment, the cutting seams arranged at intervals are formed, disturbance to the soil can be reduced as far as possible through the cutting seams arranged at intervals, the cutting seams can improve the air permeability of the soil and cut old lateral roots of the pasture, the soil bulk density is improved, the increase rate of dry weight indexes of root systems under the pasture is particularly obvious, in addition, the cutting seams can also provide channels for the soil micro-ecological restoration agent sprayed in the step 2), the soil micro-ecological restoration agent can conveniently permeate from top to bottom, degraded soil is improved or rebuilt through the mutual matching of the cutting seams and the soil micro-ecological restoration agent, the degraded grass roots grow, the soil and grass of the pasture are restored to a high-quality pasture, and a good grassland ecological environment is formed.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a root cutting mechanism;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a blade;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of 4 blades mounted on a mounting plate;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a mounting plate with 6 blades mounted thereon;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of 8 blades mounted on a mounting plate;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a 12 blade mounting plate;

FIG. 7 is a 4-blade root cutting plan view;

FIG. 8 is a 6-blade root cutting plan view;

FIG. 9 is a plan view of an 8-blade root cut;

FIG. 10 is a 12-blade root cutting plan view;

fig. 11 is a schematic view of a root cutting apparatus.

The figures are numbered:

1. a root cutting mechanism; 2. a frame; 3. a rotating shaft; 4. mounting a disc; 5. a blade; 6. mounting holes; 7. a rear roller; 8. a telescoping assembly; 9. a body; 10. an installation end; 11. a tool bit end; 12. a cutting edge; 13. cutting a seam; 14. and (4) dragging the agricultural machine.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 11, the present embodiment discloses a root cutting device, which comprises a traction agricultural machine 14 and a root cutting mechanism 1 for grassland restoration. As shown in fig. 1, the root cutting mechanism 1 of the present embodiment includes:

a frame 2;

the rotating shaft 3 is rotatably arranged on the frame 2;

a plurality of mounting discs 4 mounted on the rotating shaft 3 at intervals;

the blades 5 are arranged on the corresponding mounting discs 4, a plurality of blades 5 are arranged on each mounting disc 4, and the blades 5 can be driven to cut into soil when the mounting discs 4 rotate;

the height-adjustable rear roller 7 is arranged on the frame 2, and the depth of the blade 5 cutting into soil can be adjusted by adjusting the height of the rear roller 7.

When the root cutting mechanism 1 is actually used, the rack 2 is installed on a movable platform (a traction agricultural machine 14 in the embodiment), the traction agricultural machine 14 is connected with the front end of the rack 2, the rotating shaft 3 is positioned between the traction agricultural machine 14 and the rear roller 7, the root cutting mechanism 1 can be driven to move on a grassland through the traction agricultural machine 14, when the root cutting mechanism moves, the blades 5 of the mounting disc 4 are in contact with soil and can cut into the soil to form cutting seams 13, and the blades 5 on the mounting disc 4 cut into the soil one by one along with the movement of the rack 2 to form the cutting seams 13 arranged at intervals, so that the disturbance on the soil is reduced as much as possible while the root is reliably cut, the cutting seams 13 not only improve the soil air permeability, but also can cut old side roots of pasture grass, the soil volume weight improvement and the increase rate of root system dry weight indexes under the grassland are particularly remarkable, and a channel can be provided for the entering of a; the maximum depth of the blade 5 cut into the soil can be changed by adjusting the height of the rear roller 7, the pasture cutting machine is suitable for various pasture types, and the applicability is strong.

The design of combining a plurality of mounting discs 4 with a plurality of blades 5 can obtain extremely narrow and dense cutting seams 13, and deeper cutting seams 13 can be cut through the adjustment of the rear roller 7. When the cutting device is actually used, the number of the blades 5 can be adjusted according to the degradation degree of a grassland, so that the cutting seams 13 with different densities are formed, and the soil ventilation is improved.

As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, the frame 2 is connected to the rear roller 7 through a telescopic assembly 8, and the telescopic assembly 8 is a hydraulic cylinder, an air cylinder or an electric push rod. The height of the rear roller 7 can be reliably and conveniently controlled by controlling the telescopic assembly 8.

As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the blade 5 includes a body 9, one end of the body 9 is a mounting end 10, the periphery of the body 9 except the mounting end 10 has a cutting edge 12, one end of the body 9 far from the mounting end 10 is a blade end 11, and the width of the body 9 gradually decreases from the mounting end 10 side to the blade end 11 side. The periphery of the body 9 is provided with the cutting edge 12 except the mounting end 10, the structure can facilitate the blade 5 to cut into soil, in addition, the width of the body 9 is gradually reduced from the mounting end 10 side to the blade end 11 side, the initial cutting resistance can also be reduced, and the blade 5 can be conveniently and reliably cut into soil.

In the present embodiment, the thickness of the blade 5 is 1mm to 3 mm; the maximum depth of the blade 5 which can cut into the soil is 200 mm-300 mm. The narrow cutting slits 13 can be obtained by controlling the thickness of the blade 5; through adjusting the height of the rear roller 7, root cutting operation can be carried out on the positions of different depths of tillering sections of different types of pasture, old lateral roots are cut off, and new roots are promoted to germinate. According to the tillering characteristics, the pasture can be divided into 7 types of sparse cluster type, dense cluster type, rhizome-sparse cluster type, axial root type and creeping type, and the tillering nodes are respectively positioned at 10-50mm underground, near the ground surface, 50-200mm underground, 20-30mm underground, 10-30mm underground, 50-300mm underground and near the ground surface. The maximum depth of the blade 5 capable of cutting into soil is 200-300 mm, and the pasture cutting machine is suitable for all types of pasture.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the mounting plate 4 has mounting holes 6, and the blade 5 is detachably fixed to the mounting plate 4 by fasteners engaged with the mounting holes 6.

During actual use, each mounting plate 4 is provided with 3-12 blades 5. A plurality of blades 5 on the mounting disc 4 are around the axis evenly distributed of mounting disc 4, or, blades 5 on the mounting disc 4 divide into two sets ofly, and two terminal surfaces at mounting disc 4 are installed respectively to two sets of blades 5, and the blade 5 of the same group is around the axis evenly distributed of mounting disc 4, and the blade 5 dislocation set of different groups. When the number of the installed blades 5 is large, if the blades 5 are installed on the same end face of the installation disc 4, the blades 5 are easy to interfere with each other and are inconvenient or even can not be installed, the space can be effectively utilized through grouping design, and more blades 5 can be installed on the installation disc 4.

In practical use, in order to make the cutting seams 13 more uniform, the mounting disks 4 are arranged at equal intervals, and the distance between two adjacent mounting disks 4 is 100 mm-200 mm.

In this embodiment, the rotating shaft 3 of the root cutting device rotates a circle, the walking length in the grassland is 1800mm, and the area of the air root is 3.24m²And the root cutting mechanism 1 comprises 12 mounting discs 4, and the distance between every two adjacent mounting discs 4 is 150 mm. As shown in fig. 3 and 7, 4 blades 5 are mounted on the mounting disc 4, 48 slits 13 are formed after the rotating shaft 3 rotates for one circle, and in the moving direction of the root cutting equipment, the longitudinal center hole distance of two adjacent slits 13 in a plurality of slits 13 made in the same mounting disc 4 is 450 mm; as shown in fig. 4 and 8, 6 blades 5 are mounted on the mounting disc 4, 72 slits 13 are formed after the rotating shaft 3 rotates for one circle, and in the moving direction of the root cutting equipment, the longitudinal center hole distance of two adjacent slits 13 in a plurality of slits 13 made in the same mounting disc 4 is 300 mm; as shown in fig. 5 and 9, 8 blades 5 are mounted on the mounting plate 4 (at this time, the blades 5 are divided into two groups and mounted on two end surfaces of the mounting plate 4 respectively), 96 slits 13 are formed after the rotating shaft 3 rotates for one circle, and in a plurality of slits 13 formed in the same mounting plate 4 in the moving direction of the root cutting device, two longitudinal center hole distances of two adjacent slits 13 are respectively a and b, wherein a is 150mm, and b is 300 mm; as shown in fig. 6 and 10, 12 blades 5 are mounted on the mounting plate 4, 144 slits 13 are formed after the rotating shaft 3 rotates for one circle, and in the moving direction of the root cutting device, the longitudinal center hole pitch of two adjacent slits 13 in a plurality of slits 13 made on the same mounting plate 4 is 150 mm.

From the above data, the more the number of the blades 5 is, the denser the density of the cut-outs 13 is, and in practical use, 4 pieces can be used for a slightly degenerated natural grassland, 6 pieces can be used for a moderately degenerated natural grassland, 12 pieces can be used for a heavily degenerated natural grassland, and 8 pieces can be used for a grassland which needs to be artificially reconstructed.

When actually used, the cutting is carried outThe root depth is 150mm, and after 1 month of root cutting operation, 4 pieces of operation are carried out on slightly degenerated natural grasslands, the volume weight of the soil is reduced by 0.11g/cm³The dry weight of the root system of the pasture is increased by 50 percent; 6 pieces of the soil are operated in a moderately degenerated natural grassland, and the volume weight of the soil is reduced by 0.23g/cm³The dry weight of the root system of the pasture is increased by 52 percent; the 12-piece type soil working machine works in a severely degraded natural grassland, and the volume weight of the soil is reduced by 0.52g/cm³The dry weight of the root system of the pasture is increased by 77 percent; 8 pieces of the soil work in an artificial reconstruction grassland, and the volume weight of the soil is reduced by 0.19g/cm³And the dry weight of the root system of the pasture is increased by 42 percent.

When the ecological restoration device is actually used, ecological restoration operation is carried out, and the minimum 14 horsepower of the traction agricultural machinery is 35 horsepower. The working efficiency is related to the speed per hour of the traction agricultural machine 14, and the maximum traction speed per hour is 15 km/h. The operation efficiency is as follows: when the speed per hour is 5km/h, the working area is 9000 square meters per hour; when the speed per hour is 10km/h, the working area is 18000 square meters/h; when the speed per hour is 15km/h, the working area is 27000 square meters/h.

In actual use, the traction agricultural machine 14 may be equipped with a navigation system (GPS, galileo, or beidou navigation system), and the navigation system may operate in a set route within a set range, so that continuous unmanned efficient root cutting operation may be realized.

Example 2

The embodiment discloses a soil micro-ecological restoration agent for a grassland, which comprises bioactive water and water, wherein the bioactive water accounts for 2.5-5% by mass, and the water accounts for 95-97.5% by mass; the bioactive water comprises amino acid, compound microorganism and trace elements, wherein the amino acid is 1.65-2.00 mg/ml, the number of the compound microorganism is 30000000-32000000 cfu, and the trace elements are 75-100 mg/ml.

In actual application, the compound microorganism is at least two combinations of Rhodococcus roseus, Actinomycetes, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, lactic acid bacteria, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria.

The ecological environment of the grassland can be effectively improved by combining at least two fungi. In this embodiment, in order to ensure a better repairing effect, the composite microorganism includes rhodococcus roseus, actinomycetes, bacillus subtilis, bacillus mucilaginosus, lactic acid bacteria, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria.

In practical use, the trace elements comprise copper elements, iron elements, zinc elements and manganese elements, wherein the copper elements are 15-20 mg/ml, the iron elements are 20-30 g/ml, the zinc elements are 30-35 mg/ml, and the manganese elements are 10-15 g/ml.

In the embodiment, the formula of the soil microecological repair agent comprises 45g of bioactive water, 1125g of water, 1.8mg/ml of amino acid, 31000000cfu of the number of compound microorganisms, 15mg/ml of copper element, 20mg/ml of iron element, 30mg/ml of zinc element and 10mg/ml of manganese element. After the root cutting operation of the root cutting equipment in the embodiment 1, only the ecological restoration effect achieved by the action of the soil microecological restoration agent is counted (after the root cutting operation, the soil microecological restoration agent in the embodiment is sprayed on a degraded natural grassland and an artificial grassland to be reconstructed, and after a restoration period of one month, the root cutting operation is taken as a background group), which is shown in two aspects:

in a first aspect, soil remediation: for a moderately degraded natural grassland, the content of organic matters in soil is increased by 16.14 percent, and the medium fertility of grade 3 is improved to the medium fertility of grade 2; the volume weight is reduced by 0.14g/cm³The ratio is improved from 5-grade over-compact to 3-grade over-compact; the salt content is reduced by 1.0g/kg, and weak saline soil with poor plant growth is upgraded into non-saline soil with normal plant growth;

in a second aspect, the repair of grass: the moderately degraded natural grassland is ecologically restored to normal, and particularly the density and the ground dry weight are obviously increased. Specifically, the grass density increased 82%, the average height of the grass mass increased 20.3%, and the grass mass (dry weight) increased 61.81% (wherein the above-ground dry weight increased 70.1%, and the underground dry weight increased 14.5%).

Example 3

The embodiment discloses another soil micro-ecological restoration agent for a grassland, which comprises 10-15% by mass of wood fiber, 0.4-0.8% by mass of a water-retaining agent, 0.2-0.4% by mass of a binder, 0.8-1.6% by mass of a compound fertilizer, 10-15% by mass of an organic fertilizer, 1.8-3.6% by mass of bioactive water, 62-75% by mass of water and 1.4-2.8% by mass of grass seeds;

In this embodiment, the wood fiber is pine wood sterilized at high temperature. In this embodiment, the adhesive is a vegetable gum. In this embodiment, the compound fertilizer contains nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

In the embodiment, the formula of the soil microecological restoration agent comprises 200g of wood fiber, 10g of water retention agent, 5g of binder, 20g of compound fertilizer, 200g of organic fertilizer, 45g of bioactive water, 1125g of water and 35g of grass seeds, wherein the amino acid content of the bioactive water is 1.8mg/ml, the number of the compound microorganisms is 31000000cfu, the copper element content is 15mg/ml, the iron element content is 20mg/ml, the zinc element content is 30mg/ml and the manganese element content is 10 mg/ml. After the root cutting operation of the root cutting equipment in the embodiment 1, only the ecological restoration effect achieved by the action of the soil microecological restoration agent is counted (after the root cutting operation, the soil microecological restoration agent in the embodiment is sprayed on a degraded natural grassland and an artificial grassland to be reconstructed, and after a restoration period of one month, the root cutting operation is taken as a background group), which is shown in two aspects:

in a first aspect, soil remediation: for a natural grassland with severe degeneration, the content of organic matters in soil is increased by 104.41 percent, and the content is improved from 4-grade fertilizer shortage to 3-grade medium fertility; the volume weight is reduced by 0.39g/cm³The grade 6 is solid and is improved to grade 4 is compact; the salt content is reduced by 2.6g/kg, and the moderate saline soil with difficult plant growth is upgraded into weak saline soil with poor plant growth; for the grassland needing to be artificially reconstructed, the organic matter in the soil of the grassland is the non-saline soil with 2-grade medium-high fertility, the volume weight is proper 2-grade, the salt content is 1-grade and is suitable for the growth of plants.

In a second aspect, the repair of grass: for severely degraded natural grasslands, the ecology of the severely degraded grasslands is restored to be slightly degraded, and particularly, the density and the overground dry weight are obviously increased. The grass density increased 106.76%, the average height above ground of the grass group increased 27.98%, the grass mass (dry weight) increased 90.09% (wherein the above ground dry weight increased 98.50%, the underground dry weight increased 22.60%); for the grassland needing to be artificially reconstructed, the density, height and quality of the grassland are normal.

Example 4

The embodiment discloses an ecological restoration method for a grassland, which comprises the following steps:

1) cutting discontinuous cutting seams on soil to be restored, wherein the cutting seams are made through root cutting equipment in embodiment 1;

2) and (3) spraying a soil microecological restoration agent on the surface of the soil to be restored, wherein the soil microecological restoration agent is the soil microecological restoration agent in the embodiment 2 or the embodiment 3.

The soil can be longitudinally broken through the root cutting equipment, the cutting seams arranged at intervals are formed, the cutting seams arranged at intervals can reduce the disturbance to the soil (the surface soil loss is reduced to the maximum extent), the cutting seams can improve the air permeability of the soil and cut old lateral roots of the pasture, the volume weight of the soil is improved, the increase rate of the dry weight index of the root system under the pasture is particularly obvious, in addition, the cutting seams can also provide a channel for the soil micro-ecological repairing agent sprayed in the step 2), the soil micro-ecological repairing agent can conveniently permeate from top to bottom, the degraded soil is improved or rebuilt through the mutual matching of the cutting seams and the soil micro-ecological repairing agent, the degraded soil and the grass of the grass field, the new degraded grass roots and the grown pasture are recovered to a high-quality pasture, and a good grassfield ecological environment is.

When in actual use, the width of the cutting seam is 1 mm-3 mm, and the depth is 0 mm-300 mm; in the moving direction of the root cutting equipment, the longitudinal center hole distance of two adjacent cutting seams is 150-450 mm in a plurality of cutting seams made by the same mounting disc. In the embodiment, the width of the cutting seam is 2mm, and the maximum depth of the cutting seam is 250mm through the adjustment of the rear roller.

Narrow cutting seams can be obtained by controlling the thickness of the blade; through the height of the rear roller, root cutting operation can be carried out on positions of different depths where tillering sections of different types of pasture are located, old lateral roots are cut off, and new roots are promoted to germinate. According to the tillering characteristics, the pasture can be divided into 7 types of sparse cluster type, dense cluster type, rhizome-sparse cluster type, axial root type and creeping type, and the tillering nodes are respectively positioned at 10-50mm underground, near the ground surface, 50-200mm underground, 20-30mm underground, 10-30mm underground, 50-300mm underground and near the ground surface. The maximum depth that the blade can cut into soil is 250mm, is applicable to multiple kind or even whole type forage grass.

In this embodiment, step 2) is performed by spraying equipment, and the spraying equipment sprays the soil microecological repair agent in a fan-shaped three-dimensional radiation manner. And step 2) is carried out through spray-seeding equipment, so that mechanized, automatic and efficient operation of a large-area grassland can be realized. Spraying in fan-shaped three-dimensional radiation mode, wherein the sprayed matrix particles are tiny and uniformly distributed, and then freely fall on the surface of the grassland and in the cutting seams.

In this embodiment, the agricultural tractor and the spraying and sowing equipment are both provided with navigation systems, and the agricultural tractor and the spraying and sowing equipment are dragged by the navigation systems to run in a set route in a set area. In actual application, the navigation system can be GPS, Galileo or Beidou navigation, and the root cutting equipment and the spray seeding equipment can operate in a set route in a set range through the navigation system. Through unmanned automatic driving, the operation time can be prolonged (field operation can be carried out at night), ecological restoration work can be continuously carried out, and finally, the efficient ecological restoration work effect is realized.

The ecological restoration method of the embodiment has the comprehensive ecological restoration effect on the degraded grassland, and is shown in two aspects:

in a first aspect, soil remediation:

(1) the root cutting operation is carried out by using the cutting equipment (6 blades are arranged on the mounting disc) in the embodiment 1 and the soil micro-ecological restoration agent in the embodiment 2, so that the organic matter content in the soil is increased by 30.31 percent 1 month after the ecological restoration is carried out on the moderately degraded soil, and the grade 3 medium fertility is improved to grade 2 medium fertility; the volume weight is reduced by 0.37g/cm³The grade 6 is improved from firm grade to compact grade 3; the salt content is reduced by 1.3g/kg, and weak saline soil with poor plant growth is upgraded into non-saline soil with normal plant growth;

(2) using the cutting apparatus of example 1(12 blades are arranged on the mounting plate) to carry out root cutting operation, and the soil micro-ecological restoration agent of the embodiment 3 increases the organic matter content in the soil by 227.06 percent 1 month after carrying out ecological restoration on the heavily degraded soil, and improves the fertility from 5 grades of serious fertilizer shortage to 3 grades of medium fertility; the volume weight is reduced by 0.91g/cm³The grade 6 is solid and is improved to grade 4 is compact; the salt content is reduced by 3.6g/kg, and the moderate saline soil with difficult plant growth is upgraded into weak saline soil with poor plant growth;

(3) the cutting equipment (8 blades are arranged on the mounting disc) in the embodiment 1 is used for root cutting operation, and the soil micro-ecological restoration agent in the embodiment 3 is used for restoring the non-saline soil which is suitable for plant growth and contains 2-grade medium and high fertility of organic matters, 2-grade proper volume weight and 1-grade salt content in the soil of the grassland 1 month after the grassland is restored by the artificial restoration.

In a second aspect, the repair of grass:

(1) root cutting operation is carried out by using the cutting equipment (6 blades are arranged on the mounting disc) in the embodiment 1 and the soil microecological repair agent in the embodiment 2, after the ecological repair is carried out on the moderately degraded soil for 1 month, the ecology of the moderately degraded grassland is recovered to be normal, the grass density is increased by 110%, the average height of grass swarms on the ground is increased by 29.7%, and the grass mass (dry weight) is increased by 90.28% (wherein the dry weight on the ground is increased by 92.4%, and the dry weight under the ground is increased by 74%);

(2) root cutting operation is carried out by using the cutting equipment (12 blades are arranged on a mounting disc) in the embodiment 1 + the soil microecological repair agent in the embodiment 3, after 1 month of ecological repair is carried out on heavily degraded soil, the ecology of a heavily degraded grassland is restored to be slightly degraded, the grass density is increased by 150.12%, the average height of grass swarms on the ground is increased by 41.30%, and the grass mass (dry weight) is increased by 144.29% (wherein, the dry weight on the ground is increased by 147.86%, and the dry weight under the ground is increased by 117%);

(3) the cutting equipment (8 blades are arranged on the mounting disc) in the embodiment 1 is used for root cutting operation, and the soil micro-ecological restoration agent in the embodiment 3 is used for enabling the density, height and quality of the grassland to be normal 1 month after the grassland needing to be artificially restored is restored and restored.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings can be directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields and are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The ecological restoration method for the grassland is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) cutting discontinuous cutting seams on soil to be repaired;

a frame;

the rotating shaft is rotatably arranged on the rack;

the mounting discs are mounted on the rotating shaft at intervals;

2. The ecological restoration method for a grassland according to claim 1, wherein the soil microecological restoration agent comprises bioactive water and water, wherein the bioactive water is 2.5-5% by mass, and the water is 95-97.5% by mass; the bioactive water comprises amino acid, compound microorganism and trace elements, wherein the amino acid is 1.65-2.00 mg/ml, the number of the compound microorganism is 30000000-32000000 cfu, and the trace elements are 75-100 mg/ml.

3. The ecological restoration method for a grassland according to claim 1, wherein the soil microecological restoration agent comprises wood fiber, water retention agent, binder, compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer, bioactive water, water and grass seeds, wherein the mass fraction of the wood fiber is 10-15%, the mass fraction of the water retention agent is 0.4-0.8%, the mass fraction of the binder is 0.2-0.4%, the mass fraction of the compound fertilizer is 0.8-1.6%, the mass fraction of the organic fertilizer is 10-15%, the mass fraction of the bioactive water is 1.8-3.6%, the mass fraction of the water is 62-75%, and the mass fraction of the grass seeds is 1.4-2.8%;

4. The ecological restoration method for a grassland according to claim 2 or 3, wherein said complex microorganism is a combination of at least two of Rhodococcus roseus, Actinomyces, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, lactic acid bacteria, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria.

5. The ecological restoration method for the grassland according to the claim 2 or 3, wherein the trace elements comprise copper, iron, zinc and manganese, wherein the copper is 15-20 mg/ml, the iron is 20-30 g/ml, the zinc is 30-35 mg/ml and the manganese is 10-15 g/ml.

6. The ecological restoration method for a grassland according to claim 1, wherein the frame is connected with the rear roller by a telescopic element, the telescopic element is a hydraulic cylinder, an air cylinder or an electric push rod.

7. The ecological restoration method for a grassland of claim 1, wherein the blade comprises a body, one end of the body is a mounting end, the body has a cutting edge except the mounting end, the end of the body far away from the mounting end is a cutter head end, and the width of the body gradually decreases from the mounting end side to the cutter head end side.

8. The ecological restoration method for a grassland as claimed in claim 1, wherein the width of the cutting slit is 1mm to 3mm, and the depth is 0mm to 300 mm; in the moving direction of the root cutting equipment, the longitudinal center hole distance of two adjacent cutting seams is 150-450 mm in a plurality of cutting seams made by the same mounting disc.

9. The ecological restoration method for a grassland according to claim 1, wherein the step 2) is performed by a spray-seeding apparatus which sprays the soil microecological restoration agent in a fan-shaped three-dimensional radiation manner.

10. The ecological restoration method for a grassland according to claim 9, wherein the traction agricultural machine and the spraying equipment are provided with navigation systems, and the traction agricultural machine and the spraying equipment are driven by the navigation systems to run in a set route in a set area.