CN110966396A - 用于电动车辆的驱动系统及其控制方法 - Google Patents

用于电动车辆的驱动系统及其控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110966396A
CN110966396A CN201910290894.5A CN201910290894A CN110966396A CN 110966396 A CN110966396 A CN 110966396A CN 201910290894 A CN201910290894 A CN 201910290894A CN 110966396 A CN110966396 A CN 110966396A
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China
Prior art keywords
gear
shift
shift lever
controller
clutch
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CN201910290894.5A
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CN110966396B (zh
Inventor
李在峻
金炫鲁
金珍镐
朴钟述
李炅勋
孙奉奎
金钟成
黄真荣
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Corp
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Motors Corp
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Publication of CN110966396A publication Critical patent/CN110966396A/zh
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H59/00Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/02Selector apparatus
    • F16H59/08Range selector apparatus
    • F16H59/10Range selector apparatus comprising levers
    • F16H59/105Range selector apparatus comprising levers consisting of electrical switches or sensors
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    • B60W30/00Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units, or advanced driver assistance systems for ensuring comfort, stability and safety or drive control systems for propelling or retarding the vehicle
    • B60W30/18Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/18009Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60W30/18063Creeping
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    • B60L15/00Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2054Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed by controlling transmissions or clutches
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    • B60W2710/00Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/02Clutches
    • B60W2710/021Clutch engagement state
    • B60W2710/022Clutch actuator position
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/08Electric propulsion units
    • B60W2710/083Torque
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/91Electric vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2300/00Purposes or special features of road vehicle drive control systems
    • B60Y2300/18Propelling the vehicle
    • B60Y2300/18008Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60Y2300/18058Creeping
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0202Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
    • F16H61/0204Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
    • F16H61/0213Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal characterised by the method for generating shift signals
    • F16H2061/0244Adapting the automatic ratio to direct driver requests, e.g. manual shift signals or kick down
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/18Preventing unintentional or unsafe shift, e.g. preventing manual shift from highest gear to reverse gear
    • F16H2061/185Means, e.g. catches or interlocks, for preventing unintended shift into reverse gear
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H2200/00Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/0021Transmissions for multiple ratios specially adapted for electric vehicles

Abstract

本发明公开了用于电动车辆的驱动系统及其控制方法,其可以包括:换挡组件,所述换挡组件从电动机接收动力并且使用多个啮合的外齿轮对提供多个挡位级;离合器,所述离合器间歇地将动力从电动机传递到换挡组件;换挡杆,所述换挡杆允许驾驶员顺序选择不连续设置的多个指定位置;位置传感器,所述位置传感器基于物理量的连续变化来检测换挡杆顺序移动到的指定位置;离合器致动器,所述离合器致动器致动离合器;换挡致动器,所述换挡致动器致动换挡组件以改变挡位;以及控制器,所述控制器配置为用于控制离合器致动器、换挡致动器和电动机,从而通过接收来自位置传感器的信号来改变挡位。

Description

用于电动车辆的驱动系统及其控制方法
技术领域
本发明总体涉及一种用于电动车辆的驱动系统及其控制方法,更具体地,涉及一种由电动机的动力驱动并且包括多个挡位级的驱动系统及其控制技术。
背景技术
电动车辆是由电动机的动力驱动的车辆。这种电动车辆必须具有传动装置以将电动机的动力传递到驱动轮,以提供足够水平的最大爬升能力和以尽可能高的速度行驶的能力,同时将电动机构造成具有尽可能小的体积。
传动装置需要具有尽可能高的动力传递效率,以减少动力损失而不产生换挡冲击。
公开于本发明的背景部分的信息仅仅旨在加深对本发明的一般背景技术的理解,而不应当被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已为本领域技术人员所公知的现有技术。
发明内容
本发明的各个方面旨在提供一种用于电动车辆的驱动系统及其控制方法。该驱动系统可以通过提供多个挡位级来减小电动机的体积,由于优异的动力传递效率而增加每个电力单元的驱动距离,并且克服换挡冲击问题。
在本发明的各个方面,提供了一种用于电动车辆的驱动系统,该驱动系统包括:电动机;换挡组件,所述换挡组件从电动机接收动力并且使用多个啮合的外齿轮对提供多个挡位级;离合器,所述离合器配置为间歇地将动力从电动机传递到换挡组件;换挡杆,所述换挡杆允许驾驶员顺序选择不连续设置的多个指定位置;位置传感器,所述位置传感器配置为基于物理量的连续变化来检测换挡杆顺序移动到的指定位置;离合器致动器,所述离合器致动器配置为致动离合器;换挡致动器,所述换挡致动器配置为致动换挡组件以改变挡位;以及控制器,所述控制器配置为用于控制离合器致动器、换挡致动器和电动机,从而通过接收来自位置传感器的信号来改变挡位。
多个指定位置可以指定给包括如下的位置:停车挡、倒车挡、空挡、一挡和二挡,这些位置顺序地设置在一条直线上。
所述位置传感器可以包括非接触式磁通传感器,所述非接触式磁通传感器不与所述换挡杆直接接触,其磁通密度响应于所述换挡杆的位移而连续变化。
在所述换挡杆以倒车挡、空挡和一挡的顺序移动通过指定位置的情况下,当通过磁通传感器信号检测到所述换挡杆移动离开指定给倒车挡的位置时,所述控制器可以配置为控制所述电动机使其扭矩逐渐收敛到0,并且控制所述离合器致动器使得即使在所述换挡杆进入指定给空挡的位置之后,所述离合器连续保持接合在指定给倒车挡的位置。当所述换挡杆进入指定给一挡的位置时,所述控制器可以配置为控制所述电动机逐渐以正向增加其扭矩,从而提供向一挡的换挡。
在所述换挡杆以一挡、空挡和倒车挡的顺序移动通过指定位置的情况下,当通过磁通传感器信号检测到所述换挡杆移动离开指定给一挡的位置时,所述控制器可以配置为控制所述电动机以将其扭矩逐渐收敛到0,并且控制所述离合器致动器使得即使在所述换挡杆进入指定给空挡的位置之后,所述离合器连续地保持接合在指定给一挡的位置。当所述换挡杆进入指定给倒车挡的位置时,所述控制器可以配置为控制所述电动机逐渐以负向增加扭矩,从而提供向倒车挡的换挡。
在所述换挡杆在多个指定位置中从指定给一挡的位置移动到指定给二挡的位置的情况下,当所述换挡杆到达介于指定给一挡的位置和指定给二挡的位置之间的第一参考位置时,所述控制器可以配置为控制所述电动机以将其扭矩逐渐收敛到0。当所述换挡杆进一步移动并且到达比第一参考位置更靠近指定给二挡的位置的第二参考位置时,所述控制器可以顺序地执行如下操作:通过控制所述离合器致动器使离合器脱离,通过控制所述换挡致动器将所述换挡组件从一挡位置转换到二挡位置,通过控制所述离合器致动器接合所述离合器,并且在其正方向上逐渐增加电动机的扭矩,提供向二挡的换挡。
在所述换挡杆在多个指定位置中从指定给二挡的位置移动到指定给一挡的位置的情况下,当所述换挡杆到达介于指定给二挡的位置和指定给一挡的位置之间的第三参考位置时,所述控制器可以配置为控制所述电动机从而将其扭矩逐渐收敛到0。当所述换挡杆进一步移动并且到达比第三参考位置更靠近指定给一挡的位置的第四参考位置时,所述控制器可以配置为顺序地执行如下操作:通过控制所述离合器致动器使离合器脱离,通过控制所述换挡致动器将所述换挡组件从二挡位置转换到一挡位置,通过控制所述离合器致动器接合所述离合器,并且在其正方向上逐渐增加电动机的扭矩,提供向一挡的换挡。
在本发明的各个方面,提供了一种具有上述配置的驱动系统的控制方法。所述方法可以包括:在所述换挡杆以倒车挡、空挡和一挡的顺序移动通过指定位置的情况下,当通过磁通传感器信号检测到所述换挡杆移动离开指定给倒车挡的位置时,控制所述电动机使其扭矩逐渐收敛到0;控制所述离合器致动器使得即使在所述换挡杆进入指定给空挡的位置之后,所述离合器连续保持接合在指定给倒车挡的位置;并且当所述换挡杆进入指定给一挡的位置时,控制所述电动机以逐渐正向增加其扭矩,提供向一挡的换挡。
在所述换挡杆以一挡、空挡和倒车挡的顺序移动通过指定位置的情况下,所述方法可以通过如下方式提供向倒车挡的换挡:当通过磁通传感器信号检测到所述换挡杆移动离开指定给一挡的位置时,控制所述电动机从而使扭矩逐渐收敛到0;控制所述离合器致动器,使得即使在所述换挡杆进入指定给空挡的位置之后,所述离合器连续地保持接合在指定给一挡的位置;并且当所述换挡杆进入指定给倒车挡的位置时,控制所述电动机逐渐以负向增加扭矩。
在所述换挡杆在多个指定位置中从指定给一挡的位置移动到指定给二挡的位置的情况下,所述方法可以通过如下方式提供向二挡的换挡:当所述换挡杆到达介于指定给一挡的位置和指定给二挡的位置之间的第一参考位置时,控制所述电动机以将扭矩逐渐收敛到0;当所述换挡杆进一步移动并且到达比第一参考位置更靠近指定给二挡的位置的第二参考位置时,通过控制所述离合器致动器使离合器脱离;通过控制所述换挡致动器将所述换挡组件从一挡位置转换到二挡位置;通过控制所述离合器致动器接合所述离合器;并且控制所述电动机从而在其正方向上逐渐增加扭矩。
在所述换挡杆在多个指定位置中从指定给二挡的位置移动到指定给一挡的位置的情况下,所述方法可以通过顺序地执行如下操作提供向一挡的换挡:当所述换挡杆到达介于指定给二挡的位置和指定给一挡的位置之间的第三参考位置时,控制所述电动机从而将扭矩逐渐收敛到0;当所述换挡杆进一步移动并且到达比第三参考位置更靠近指定给一挡的位置的第四参考位置时,通过控制所述离合器致动器使离合器脱离;通过控制所述换挡致动器将所述换挡组件从二挡位置转换到一挡位置;通过控制所述离合器致动器接合所述离合器;并且控制所述电动机从而在其正方向上逐渐增加扭矩。
在所述换挡组件可以包括二挡或更高挡并且确定车速等于或大于预定的第一参考车速的情况下,即使所述换挡杆已经到达指定给一挡的位置时,所述控制器可以通过将所述换挡致动器和所述离合器致动器保持在其当前位置来防止换挡到一挡。
在所述换挡组件可以包括一挡或更高挡并且确定车速等于或大于第二参考车速的情况下,即使所述换挡杆16已经移动到指定给倒车挡的位置时,所述控制器可以通过将所述换挡致动器和所述离合器致动器保持在其当前位置来防止换挡到倒车挡。
当基于接收的道路倾斜度信息确定车辆开始上坡或上坡行驶时,即使所述换挡杆已经从指定给一挡的位置移动到选择了二挡或更高挡的指定位置,所述控制器可以通过将所述换挡致动器和所述离合器致动器保持在其当前位置来防止换挡。
当操纵加速器踏板同时所述换挡杆从指定给空挡的位置移动到指定给一挡的位置时,所述控制器可以配置为控制所述电动机,从而在通过所述离合器致动器完成离合器接合之后根据加速器踏板的位移增加扭矩。
当所述换挡杆处于指定给倒车挡的位置或指定给一挡的位置并且驾驶员不踩踏加速器踏板时,所述电动机可以产生车辆蠕变(creep)行驶所需的蠕变扭矩。
本发明可以通过提供多个挡位级来减小电动机的体积,并且由于优异的动力传递效率而增加每个电力单元的驱动距离。
此外,可以克服驾驶员在使用简单配置时感觉到的换挡冲击问题,从而为电动车辆提供经济实用的驱动系统。
本发明的方法和装置具有其它的特性和优点,这些特性和优点从并入本文中的附图和随后的实施方案中将是显而易见的,或者将在并入本文中的附图和随后的实施方案中进行详细陈述,这些附图和实施方案共同用于解释本发明的特定原理。
附图说明
图1为示例性显示根据本发明的示例性实施方案的用于电动车辆的驱动系统的示例性实施方案的概念图;
图2为示例性显示图1所示的位置传感器的示例性实施方案的概念图;以及
图3和图4为显示根据本发明的示例性实施方案的用于电动车辆的驱动系统的控制方法的图。
应当理解,附图不一定是按照比例绘制,而是呈现各种特征的略微简化表示,以对本发明的基本原理进行说明。本文所公开的本发明的具体设计特征(包括例如具体尺寸、方向、位置和形状)将部分地由具体的目标应用和使用环境决定。
在这些图中,贯穿附图的多幅图,相同的附图标记表示本发明的相同或等同的部分。
具体实施方式
下面将详细参考本发明的各个实施方案,这些实施方案的示例被显示在附图中并描述如下。尽管本发明将与示例性的实施方案相结合进行描述,应当理解本说明书并非旨在将本发明限制于这些示例性的实施方案。另一方面,本发明旨在不但覆盖这些示例性实施方案,而且覆盖可以被包括在由所附权利要求所限定的本发明的精神和范围之内的各种替代形式、修改形式、等价形式及其它实施方案。
参考图1和图2,根据本发明示例性实施方案的用于电动车辆的驱动系统的示例性实施方案可以包括:电动机10;换挡组件12,所述换挡组件12接收来自电动机10的动力并且使用多个啮合的外齿轮对提供多个挡位级;离合器14,所述离合器14配置为间歇地将动力从电动机10传递到换挡组件12;换挡杆16,所述换挡杆16允许驾驶员顺序选择不连续设置的多个指定位置;位置传感器18,所述位置传感器18配置为基于物理量的连续变化检测换挡杆16顺序移动到的指定位置;离合器致动器20,所述离合器致动器20配置为致动离合器14;换挡致动器22,所述换挡致动器22配置为致动换挡组件12以改变挡位;以及控制器24,所述控制器24控制离合器致动器20、换挡致动器22和电动机10,从而通过接收来自位置传感器18的信号来改变挡位。
作为参考,控制器24配置为从加速器传感器26接收加速器踏板的位移并且从车速传感器28接收车速。
尽管显示了换挡组件12具有两个齿轮,即第一齿轮和第二齿轮,但是在图1中,换挡组件12可以具有使用附加外齿轮对和同步设备的附加齿轮。没有提供单独的倒车挡。可以通过使电动机10在一挡位置反向旋转来实现反向行驶。
为了提供如上所述的挡位级,换挡组件12被设置为包括多个外齿轮对的同步齿轮机构,并且使用同步器在多个外齿轮对中选择传递动力的外齿轮对从而改变挡位。
如同相关技术的典型手动变速器的换挡机构,换挡组件12具有高的动力传递效率。此外,换挡组件12提供如上所述的二挡或更高挡,并且提供最大爬升能力和以预期水平以最高速度行驶的能力,同时减小电动机10的体积。因此,可以增加电动车辆的每个电力单元的行驶距离。
此外,在根据本发明示例性实施方案的驱动系统中,控制器24控制离合器致动器20以接合和脱离离合器,而非额外提供离合器踏板。
此外,与相关技术的自动变速器不同,控制器24响应于由驾驶员操纵的换挡杆16来控制换挡操作。
也就是说,当响应于由驾驶员操纵的换挡杆16将换挡杆16的位移经由位置传感器18输入到换挡杆16时,根据驾驶员的要求,控制器24通过控制换挡致动器22来启动换挡组件12的换挡操作。
换句话说,相关技术的自动变速器基于车速和由驾驶员操纵的加速器踏板的位移使用换挡映射表自动执行换挡。相反,根据本发明的示例性实施方案,响应于由驾驶员操纵的换挡杆16,执行换挡至一挡或二挡。
因此,只有当驾驶员想要改变挡位时才执行换挡,并且像相关技术的自动手动变速器(AMT)那样的由于在意外时刻发生换挡而造成的换挡冲击使驾驶员感觉不悦的情况不会发生。
也就是说,当执行换挡时,由于换挡组件12使离合器脱离,驾驶员具有与相关技术的AMT相同程度的动力断开感。然而,由于使用手动变速器的驾驶员将动力断开感视为是理所当然而不将动力断开感视为是重大问题,因此,设置有根据本发明示例性实施方案的驱动系统的车辆的驾驶员不会因为根据驾驶员的意图改变挡位时所产生的动力断开感而感到不悦。
此外,在电动车辆中,一挡可以覆盖从停车位置到90kph~100kph速度的城市行驶或低速行驶的整个范围,并且只有在超过100kph的高速行驶时才需要二挡。因此,本发明的优点在于能够明显改善车辆的燃料效率、噪声、振动和不平顺性(NVH)性能、驾驶性能等,同时由手动换挡引起的不便相对较少。
驾驶员可以通过操纵换挡杆16来选择多个指定位置。多个指定位置指定给包括停车挡P、倒车挡R、空挡N、一挡1ST和二挡2ND的挡位,它们顺序地设置在一条直线上,如图2所示。
位置传感器18实现为非接触式磁通传感器。非接触式磁通传感器不直接接触换挡杆16,其磁通密度响应于换挡杆16的位移而连续变化。如图2所示,在位置传感器18能够检测0%至100%范围内的磁通密度的情况下,可以将0%至10%、20%至30%、40%至50%、60%至70%和90%至100%的磁通密度范围顺序地设定为停车挡P、倒车挡R、空挡N、一挡1ST和二挡2ND。
参考图3,在换挡杆16以倒车挡、空挡和一挡的顺序移动通过指定位置的情况下,当通过磁通传感器信号检测到换挡杆16移动离开指定给倒车挡的位置时,电动机10的扭矩逐渐收敛到0,并且控制离合器致动器20使得即使在换挡杆16进入指定给空挡的位置之后,离合器连续保持接合在指定给倒车挡的位置。当换挡杆16进入指定给一挡的位置时,电动机10的扭矩在其正方向上逐渐增加,从而完成向一挡的换挡。
相反,在换挡杆16以一挡、空挡和倒车挡的顺序移动通过指定位置的情况下,当通过磁通传感器信号检测到换挡杆16移动离开指定给一挡的位置时,电动机10的扭矩逐渐收敛到0,并且控制离合器致动器20使得即使在换挡杆16进入指定给空挡的位置之后,离合器连续保持接合在指定给一挡的位置。当换挡杆16进入指定给倒车挡的位置时,电动机10的扭矩在其负方向上逐渐增加,从而提供向倒车挡的换挡。
也就是说,当换挡杆16在移动离开指定给倒车挡或一挡的位置的同时经过指定给空挡的位置时,控制器24将离合器保持在接合位置下而不使离合器脱离,因此可以省略使离合器脱离然后接合以提供一挡或倒车挡的未来操作。相反,控制器24将电动机10的扭矩保持为0以提供空挡位置。因此可以防止动力损失、冲击或振动的发生、换挡延迟,否则离合器的接合和脱离会引起这些问题。
作为参考,在图3中,电动机10的扭矩基于驾驶员操纵加速器踏板的情况。也就是说,尽管在图3中电动机10的扭矩在负方向上产生以提供倒车挡,当换挡杆16处于指定给倒车挡的位置时,电动机10的扭矩不会无条件地沿负方向产生。当操纵加速器踏板对应于电动机10的负扭矩的位移时,产生与其对应的电动机10的扭矩。
此外,在换挡杆16处于指定给倒车挡或一挡的位置的情况下,当驾驶员没有踩踏加速器踏板时,可以以模拟设置有扭矩变换器的车辆的蠕变行驶的水平使电动机10产生蠕变扭矩。在换挡杆16处于指定给空挡的位置的情况下,即使驾驶员操纵加速器踏板,控制器24仍然通过将电动机10的扭矩保持为0来保持空挡位置。
参考图4,在换挡杆16在上述指定位置中从指定给一挡的位置移动到指定给二挡的位置的情况下,当换挡杆16到达介于指定给一挡的位置和指定给二挡的位置之间的第一参考位置100时,控制器24逐渐使电动机10的扭矩收敛到0。当换挡杆16进一步移动并且到达比第一参考位置100更靠近指定给二挡的位置的第二参考位置200时,控制器24顺序地执行如下操作:通过控制离合器致动器20使离合器脱离,通过控制换挡致动器22将换挡组件12从一挡位置转换到二挡位置,通过控制离合器致动器20接合离合器,并且在正方向上逐渐增加电动机10的扭矩,完成向二挡的换挡。
这里,第一参考位置100和第二参考位置200可以被确定为可以识别驾驶员改变挡位的意图的程度。例如,第一参考位置100可以被设置为介于指定给一挡的位置和指定给二挡的位置之间的中间,而第二参考位置200可以被设置为介于第一参考位置100和指定给二挡的位置之间的中间。
此外,在换挡杆16在上述指定位置中从指定给二挡的位置移动到指定给一挡的位置的情况下,当换挡杆16到达介于指定给二挡的位置和指定给一挡的位置之间的第三参考位置300时,控制器24逐渐将电动机10的扭矩收敛到0。当换挡杆16进一步移动并且到达比第三参考位置300更靠近指定给一挡的位置的第四参考位置400时,控制器24顺序地执行如下操作:通过控制离合器致动器20使离合器脱离,通过控制换挡致动器22将换挡组件12从二挡位置转换到一挡位置,通过控制离合器致动器20接合离合器,并且在正方向上逐渐增加电动机10的扭矩,完成向一挡的换挡。
这里,第三参考位置300和第四参考位置400可以被确定为可以识别驾驶员改变挡位的意图的程度。例如,第三参考位置300可以被设置为介于指定给二挡的位置和指定给一挡的位置之间的中间,而第四参考位置400可以被设置为介于第三参考位置300和指定给一挡的位置之间的中间。
也就是说,在驾驶员从一挡换挡到二挡或反之亦然从二挡换挡到一挡的情况下,即使在换挡杆16到达指定给目标挡位的位置之前,当换挡杆16的位置经过第一参考位置100和第二参考位置200或经过第三参考位置300和第四参考位置400时,换挡所需的程序就被顺序地执行,完成换挡。因此,相比于在确定换挡杆16到达指定给目标挡位的位置之后完成换挡的情况,所述方法可以更迅速地执行换挡。
在换挡组件12包括二挡或更高挡并且确定车速等于或大于预定的第一参考车速的情况下,即使换挡杆16已经到达指定给一挡的位置,控制器24通过将换挡致动器22和离合器致动器20保持在其当前位置从而防止换挡到一挡。
这旨在当车辆高速行驶期间执行向一挡的换挡时防止电动机10的转数迅速增加并且防止车辆不稳定(例如防止车辆的转向不可控)。这里,第一参考车速被设定为例如130km/h。在车速等于或大于第一参考车速时,即使驾驶员将换挡杆16移动到指定给一挡的位置,换挡致动器22和离合器致动器20也保持在当前位置,从而可以保持当前挡位。因此,本发明可以防止突然换挡到一挡。
在防止换挡到一挡的同时,控制器24可以使用视听设备警告或通知驾驶员当前情况。
此外,当换挡组件12包括一挡或更高挡并且确定车速等于或大于第二参考车速的情况下,即使换挡杆16已经移动到指定给倒车挡的位置,控制器24通过将换挡致动器22和离合器致动器20保持在其当前位置从而防止换挡到倒车挡。
这里,考虑在执行向倒车挡的突然换挡时车辆可能不稳定的水平来选择第二参考车速。例如,第二参考车速可以设定为例如80km/h,以适合于本发明的目的。
当控制器24通过接收道路倾斜度信息确定车辆开始上坡或上坡行驶时,即使换挡杆16已经从指定给一挡的位置移动到选择了二挡或更高挡的指定位置,控制器24通过将换挡致动器22和离合器致动器20保持在其当前位置来防止换挡。
这旨在当开始上坡或上坡行驶时向车辆提供足够的推进力大小。当在倾斜度等于或大于预定倾斜度的道路上确定难以向开始上坡或上坡行驶的车辆提供足够的推进力大小的情况下,即使驾驶员选择二挡或更高挡,控制器24控制换挡致动器22和离合器致动器20以保持一挡位置,从而即使在无经验驾驶或意外换挡的情况下也可以向车辆提供适当的推进力大小。
因此,预定倾斜度可以通过多次实验或分析来适当地设定,以至于当以等于或大于预定倾斜度的倾斜度执行向二挡的换挡时,车辆的推进力大小可能不足。
当在换挡杆16从指定给空挡的位置移动到指定给一挡的位置的同时操纵加速器踏板时,控制器24控制电动机10,从而在通过离合器致动器20完成离合器接合之后根据加速器踏板的位移增加其扭矩。
在驾驶员深踩加速器踏板同时将换挡杆16从空挡位置改变到一挡位置的情况下,当在离合器接合之前电动机10的扭矩根据加速器踏板的位移而增加时,离合器可能由于过度摩擦而损坏。因此,为了保护离合器免于这样的问题,只有在离合器的接合完成之后,电动机10的扭矩才根据加速器的位移而增加。
为了方便解释和精确限定所附权利要求,术语“上”、“下”、“内”、“外”、“高”、“低”、“上方”、“下方”、“向上”、“向下”、“前”、“后”、“背”、“内侧”、“外侧”、“向内”、“向外”、“内部”、“外部”、“向前”和“向后”被用于参考附图中所显示的这些特征的位置来描述示例性实施方式的特征。
前面对本发明具体示例性实施方案所呈现的描述是出于说明和描述的目的。前面的描述并不旨在成为穷举的,也并不旨在把本发明限制为所公开的精确形式,显然,根据上述教导很多改变和变化都是可能的。选择示例性实施方案并进行描述是为了解释本发明的特定原理及其实际应用,从而使得本领域的其它技术人员能够实现并利用本发明的各种示例性实施方案及其不同选择形式和修改形式。本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等价形式所限定。

Claims (16)

1.一种用于车辆的驱动系统,所述驱动系统包括:
电动机;
换挡组件,其接合到电动机并且从电动机接收动力,其中换挡组件包括使用多个啮合的外齿轮对的多个挡位级;
离合器,其安装在电动机和换挡组件之间并且配置为选择性地将动力从电动机传递到换挡组件;
换挡杆,其允许驾驶员顺序选择不连续设置的多个指定位置;
位置传感器,其配置为根据多个指定位置基于位置传感器的物理量的连续变化来检测换挡杆顺序移动到的指定位置;
离合器致动器,其配置为致动离合器;
换挡致动器,其配置为致动换挡组件以改变挡位;以及
控制器,其连接到离合器致动器、换挡致动器和电动机,并且配置为用于控制离合器致动器、换挡致动器和电动机,从而通过接收来自位置传感器的信号来改变挡位。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于车辆的驱动系统,其中,多个指定位置指定给包括如下的挡位位置:停车挡、倒车挡、空挡、一挡和二挡,这些位置顺序地设置在一条直线上。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用于车辆的驱动系统,其中,所述位置传感器包括非接触式磁通传感器,所述非接触式磁通传感器配置为不与所述换挡杆直接接触,其中所述非接触式磁通传感器的磁通密度响应于所述换挡杆的位移而连续变化。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用于车辆的驱动系统,
其中,当所述换挡杆以倒车挡、空挡和一挡的顺序移动通过指定位置时并且当通过磁通传感器信号检测到所述换挡杆移动离开指定给倒车挡的位置时,所述控制器配置为控制所述电动机使得电动机的扭矩收敛到0,并且控制所述离合器致动器使得即使在所述换挡杆进入指定给空挡的位置之后,所述离合器连续保持接合在指定给倒车挡的位置,
其中,当所述换挡杆进入指定给一挡的位置时,所述控制器配置为控制所述电动机以正向增加其扭矩,从而提供向一挡的换挡。
5.根据权利要求3所述的用于车辆的驱动系统,
其中,当所述换挡杆以一挡、空挡和倒车挡的顺序移动通过指定位置时并且当通过磁通传感器信号检测到所述换挡杆移动离开指定给一挡的位置时,所述控制器配置为控制所述电动机以将电动机的扭矩收敛到0,并且控制所述离合器致动器使得即使在所述换挡杆进入指定给空挡的位置之后,所述离合器连续地保持接合在指定给一挡的位置,
其中,当所述换挡杆进入指定给倒车挡的位置时,所述控制器配置为控制所述电动机以负向增加扭矩,从而提供向倒车挡的换挡。
6.根据权利要求3所述的用于车辆的驱动系统,
其中,当所述换挡杆在多个指定位置中从指定给一挡的位置移动到指定给二挡的位置时并且当所述换挡杆到达介于指定给一挡的位置和指定给二挡的位置之间的第一参考位置时,所述控制器配置为控制所述电动机以将电动机的扭矩收敛到0,
其中,当所述换挡杆进一步移动并且到达比第一参考位置更靠近指定给二挡的位置的第二参考位置时,所述控制器配置为顺序地执行如下操作:通过控制所述离合器致动器使离合器脱离,通过控制所述换挡致动器将所述换挡组件从一挡转换到二挡,通过控制所述离合器致动器接合所述离合器,并且正向增加电动机的扭矩,提供向二挡的换挡。
7.根据权利要求3所述的用于车辆的驱动系统,
其中,当所述换挡杆在多个指定位置中从指定给二挡的位置移动到指定给一挡的位置时并且当所述换挡杆到达介于指定给二挡的位置和指定给一挡的位置之间的第三参考位置时,所述控制器配置为控制所述电动机从而将电动机的扭矩收敛到0,
其中,当所述换挡杆进一步移动并且到达比第三参考位置更靠近指定给一挡的位置的第四参考位置时,所述控制器配置为顺序地执行如下操作:通过控制所述离合器致动器使离合器脱离,通过控制所述换挡致动器将所述换挡组件从二挡转换到一挡,通过控制所述离合器致动器接合所述离合器,并且正向增加电动机的扭矩,提供向一挡的换挡。
8.一种控制根据权利要求3所述的用于车辆的驱动系统的方法,所述方法包括:在所述换挡杆以倒车挡、空挡和一挡的顺序移动通过多个指定位置的情况下,
当通过磁通传感器信号检测到所述换挡杆移动离开指定给倒车挡的位置时,通过所述控制器控制所述电动机使得电动机的扭矩收敛到0;
通过所述控制器控制所述离合器致动器使得即使在所述换挡杆进入指定给空挡的位置之后,所述离合器连续保持接合在指定给倒车挡的位置;
当所述换挡杆进入指定给一挡的位置时,通过所述控制器控制所述电动机以正向增加电动机的扭矩,提供向一挡的换挡。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,在所述换挡杆以一挡、空挡和倒车挡的顺序移动通过所述指定位置的情况下,所述方法还通过如下方式提供向倒车挡的换挡:
当通过磁通传感器信号检测到所述换挡杆移动离开指定给一挡的位置时,通过所述控制器控制所述电动机从而使扭矩收敛到0;
通过所述控制器控制所述离合器致动器,使得即使在所述换挡杆进入指定给空挡的位置之后,所述离合器连续地保持接合在指定给一挡的位置;并且
当所述换挡杆进入指定给倒车挡的位置时,通过所述控制器控制所述电动机以负向增加扭矩。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,在所述换挡杆在多个指定位置中从指定给一挡的位置移动到指定给二挡的位置的情况下,所述方法还通过顺序执行如下操作提供向二挡的换挡:
当所述换挡杆到达介于指定给一挡的位置和指定给二挡的位置之间的第一参考位置时,通过所述控制器控制所述电动机使扭矩收敛到0;
当所述换挡杆进一步移动并且到达比第一参考位置更靠近指定给二挡的位置的第二参考位置时,通过所述控制器控制所述离合器致动器使所述离合器脱离;
通过所述控制器控制所述换挡致动器使所述换挡组件从一挡转换到二挡;
通过所述控制器控制所述离合器致动器使所述离合器接合;以及
通过所述控制器控制所述电动机从而正向增加扭矩。
11.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,在所述换挡杆在多个指定位置中从指定给二挡的位置移动到指定给一挡的位置的情况下,所述方法还通过顺序执行如下操作提供向一挡的换挡:
当所述换挡杆到达介于指定给二挡的位置和指定给一挡的位置之间的第三参考位置时,通过所述控制器控制所述电动机使电动机的扭矩收敛到0;
当所述换挡杆进一步移动并且到达比第三参考位置更靠近指定给一挡的位置的第四参考位置时,通过所述控制器控制所述离合器致动器使所述离合器脱离;
通过所述控制器控制所述换挡致动器使所述换挡组件从二挡转换到一挡;
通过所述控制器控制所述离合器致动器使所述离合器接合;以及
通过所述控制器控制所述电动机从而正向增加扭矩。
12.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,当所述换挡组件的挡位包括二挡或高于二挡的挡位并且确定车速等于或大于预定的第一参考车速时,即使所述换挡杆已经到达指定给一挡的位置,所述控制器配置为通过将所述换挡致动器和所述离合器致动器保持在其当前位置从而防止换挡到一挡。
13.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,在所述换挡组件的挡位包括一挡或高于一挡的挡位并且确定车速等于或大于第二参考车速的情况下,即使所述换挡杆已经移动到指定给倒车挡的位置,所述控制器配置为通过将所述换挡致动器和所述离合器致动器保持在其当前位置从而防止换挡到倒车挡。
14.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,当通过所述控制器基于接收的道路倾斜度信息确定车辆开始上坡或上坡行驶时,即使换挡杆已经从指定给一挡的位置移动到选择二挡的位置或选择高于二挡的挡位的位置,所述控制器配置为通过将所述换挡致动器和所述离合器致动器保持在其当前位置从而防止换挡。
15.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,当操纵加速器踏板同时所述换挡杆从指定给空挡的位置移动到指定给一挡的位置时,所述控制器配置为控制所述电动机,从而在通过所述离合器致动器完成离合器接合之后根据加速器踏板的位移增加电动机的扭矩。
16.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,当所述换挡杆处于指定给倒车挡的位置或指定给一挡的位置并且驾驶员不踩踏加速器踏板时,所述控制器配置为控制所述电动机,从而产生车辆蠕变行驶所需的蠕变扭矩。
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