CN110959361B - Potato harvester - Google Patents

Potato harvester Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110959361B
CN110959361B CN201911380872.4A CN201911380872A CN110959361B CN 110959361 B CN110959361 B CN 110959361B CN 201911380872 A CN201911380872 A CN 201911380872A CN 110959361 B CN110959361 B CN 110959361B
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China
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air bag
air
fixed
conveyor belt
potato
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CN201911380872.4A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN110959361A (en
Inventor
钟巍然
张先锋
马强
王卫强
许良兵
杨会静
任自明
湛小梅
谢明菊
周玉华
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Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Priority to CN201911380872.4A priority Critical patent/CN110959361B/en
Publication of CN110959361A publication Critical patent/CN110959361A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D15/00Digging machines with sieve graters but without conveying mechanisms
    • A01D15/04Digging machines with sieve graters but without conveying mechanisms with moving or vibrating grates
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D33/00Accessories for digging harvesters
    • A01D33/08Special sorting and cleaning mechanisms

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of crop planting production, and particularly discloses a potato harvester which comprises an excavating component and a soil removing component, wherein the excavating component is used for conveying excavated potatoes to the soil removing component; the soil removing assembly comprises a first conveyor belt which is obliquely arranged, a first air bag is fixed on the surface of the first conveyor belt, baffles are fixed on two sides of the first conveyor belt, a second air bag is fixed between the upper ends of the baffles, the inclination directions of the second air bag and the first air bag are the same, the inclination angle of the second air bag is larger than that of the first air bag, and bristles are fixed on the surfaces of the first air bag and the second air bag; the baffle is alternately provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, the projection of the air inlet on the left baffle on the right baffle coincides with the air outlet, the projection of the air outlet on the left baffle on the right baffle coincides with the air inlet, and the hot air blower is communicated with the air inlet. By adopting the scheme of the invention, the problem that clay is adhered to potatoes and is difficult to remove can be solved.

Description

Potato harvester
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of crop planting production, and particularly relates to a potato harvester.
Background
The potatoes are also named as potatoes, are native to Peru and Chilean mountainous regions, are transferred to China by Dutch persons in the middle of the 17 th century, and have more than 300 years of cultivation history in China. The potato tuber contains 8-29% of starch, protein, mineral substances, vitamins and other nutrient components, has good yield and wide adaptability, and gradually becomes important food, vegetables, feed and industrial raw materials for human beings.
With the development of agricultural mechanization, a plurality of types of potato harvesting equipment exist at present, and each type of potato harvesting equipment has advantages and disadvantages, but the common problem is that the equipment can only work in sandy soil. When the potatoes growing in sandy land are harvested, sandy soil is adhered to the surfaces of the potatoes, and only screening and brushes are needed to be added to remove the soil from the sandy soil. Existing potato harvesters typically include a digging mechanism that conveys the potatoes to a screening apparatus for de-earthing after digging them out, as disclosed in patent No. CN201721254053.1 (a potato harvester) which discloses digging out the potatoes with a digging shovel and then conveying them to the screening apparatus.
However, because the universality of potato planting, the current traditional potato harvesting device only uses the brush to brush when removing soil to the potatoes in the clay soil, and the adhesion force of clay is stronger, and the soil removal degree is not high. When the potatoes are stacked, the gaps among the potatoes are reduced due to the clay, so that ventilation is not facilitated, and heating and rotting of the potatoes are accelerated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a potato harvester, which aims to solve the problems that only a brush is used for brushing, the clay adhesion is strong, and the soil removal degree is not high.
In order to achieve the purpose, the basic scheme of the invention is as follows: a potato harvester comprises a rack, wherein a soil removing component is further mounted on the rack, and a digging component is used for conveying dug potatoes to the soil removing component; the soil removing assembly comprises a first conveyor belt which is obliquely arranged, a first air bag is fixed on the surface of the first conveyor belt, baffles are fixed on the two sides of the first conveyor belt on the rack, a second air bag is fixed above the baffles on the rack, the inclination directions of the second air bag and the first air bag are the same, the inclination angle of the second air bag is larger than that of the first air bag, and bristles are fixed on the surfaces of the first air bag and the second air bag; the first conveyor belt comprises a driving roller, a driven roller and a belt sleeved on the driving roller and the driven roller, a cam is rotatably connected to the middle part of the inner side of the belt on the rack, and the cam surface is abutted against the inner side of the belt; the baffle is alternately provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, the projection of the air inlet on the left baffle on the right baffle coincides with the air outlet, the projection of the air outlet on the left baffle on the right baffle coincides with the air inlet, and the hot air blower is communicated with the air inlet.
The theory of operation and the beneficial effect of this basic scheme lie in:
1. the potato gets into between first gasbag and the second gasbag from the high end of first conveyer belt, because the inclination of second gasbag and first gasbag is unanimous and the inclination of second gasbag is greater than first gasbag, and the interval between first gasbag and the second gasbag reduces gradually promptly, makes things convenient for the potato to get into between the two, and brush hair and potato contact on both are more and more inseparable simultaneously in the potato motion process, brushes down the clay of the adhesion on the potato. And the surface skin of the potatoes can not be damaged because the air bags have certain deformability.
2. The cam intermittently jacks up the upper surface of the first conveyor belt in the rotating process, so that the first air bag on the upper surface of the first conveyor belt shakes, on one hand, the distance between the first air bag and the second air bag is reduced, a certain extrusion effect is realized on potatoes, and the friction soil removal of bristles is more convenient; on the other hand, the first air bag shakes, so that clay adhered to the bristles of the first air bag can fall off conveniently.
3. Set up the baffle, on the one hand carry on spacingly to the both sides of first conveyer belt, avoid the potato to roll down, on the other hand, through the air current effect of inlet port and venthole, the potato roll is blown to gas, and the supplementary soil that takes off. The specific process is as follows: the potato is blown to the motion of being close to right side baffle venthole one side through the gas that inlet port on the left side baffle lets in, and the potato is simultaneously along with first conveyer belt motion, and the potato is close to the inlet port of right side baffle gradually, and then the gas that the inlet port of right side baffle lets in blows the potato and moves to being close to left side baffle, repeats this motion process, and the potato is the roll of snakelike route on first conveyer belt for the friction between potato and the brush hair is more abundant, is convenient for more take off earth. In addition, part of the soil can be discharged from the air outlet hole along with the action of the air flow.
4. Because the soil on the potato surface just unearthed is comparatively moist, glues easily on the surface of potato, through the hot air drying soil that the inlet port let in to can make better the droing of clod, the brush hair of being convenient for more brushes clay down.
Further, the air bag device further comprises a second conveyor belt, and the second air bag is fixed on the surface of the second conveyor belt.
Has the advantages that: the second air bag moves along with the second conveyor belt, so that the bristles can rotate out, and soil adhered to the bristles can be removed conveniently.
Furthermore, a plurality of inclined vent holes are transversely arranged on the second air bag, pressure limiting valves are arranged in the vent holes, and one side of each vent hole close to the lower end of the second air bag inclines downwards.
Has the advantages that: continuously introducing gas into the second air bag, and discharging the gas through the pressure limiting valve when the pressure in the second air bag is higher, so that the discharged gas blows off the soil adhered to the bristles, and the bristles are convenient to remove the soil; on the other hand, the gas is discharged through the inclined exhaust holes to blow the upper parts of the potatoes, so that the potatoes are overturned to a certain degree, and soil removal is more convenient.
Furthermore, a screen is arranged at the lower end of the first conveyor belt on the frame, and one end of the screen close to the first conveyor belt is abutted to the surface of the first air bag.
Has the advantages that: the potatoes move with the soil partially brushed down but still on the bristles onto a screen through which they are further sifted. And the screen is abutted against the surface of the first air bag, so that the end part of the screen can scrape the soil adhered to the first air bag.
Further, a spring is fixed between the lower end of the screen and the frame; the end face of the driving roller is fixed with a crank, the end part of the crank is hinged with a connecting rod, the end part of the connecting rod is hinged with a push rod, and the upper end of the push rod is fixed on the screen.
Has the advantages that: realize the upper and lower slip of screen cloth through slider-crank mechanism, be convenient for more sieve, drive roll and screen cloth are not located same straight line in addition, for eccentric slider-crank mechanism, have the effect of returning suddenly, and the screen cloth cooperates the inertia effect of returning suddenly at the up-and-down motion in-process, is convenient for sieve more.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:
reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the device comprises a driving roller 1, a cam 2, a driven roller 3, a belt 4, a first air bag 5, bristles 6, a second air bag 7, a screen 8, a spring 9, an exhaust hole 11, a baffle plate 12, an air inlet hole 13, an air outlet hole 14, a push rod 15, a connecting rod 16 and a crank 17.
Example (b):
the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a potato harvester includes a frame, an excavating mechanism and a soil-removing mechanism are mounted on the frame, the excavating mechanism includes an excavating shovel rotatably connected to the frame, the excavating assembly is used for conveying excavated potatoes to the soil-removing assembly, the arrangement of the excavating assembly is the same as that of the prior art, and details are not repeated in this embodiment.
The soil removing mechanism is located on the right side of the excavating mechanism and comprises a first conveying belt obliquely arranged, the left end of the first conveying belt is a low end, the first conveying belt comprises a driving roller 1, a driven roller 3 and a belt 4 sleeved on the driving roller 1 and the driven roller 3 and used for conveying, and a first air bag 5 is bonded on the surface of the belt 4. The middle part of the inner side of the belt 4 on the frame is also rotationally connected with a cam 2, and the surface of the cam 2 is propped against the inner side of the belt 4. A motor is fixed on the frame, and an output shaft of the motor is fixed with the driving roller 1.
The both sides that lie in belt 4 in the frame all are fixed with vertical baffle 12 (front side baffle 12 is not shown), lie in the frame and install the second conveyer belt between two baffle 12 tops, and second conveyer belt fixed surface has second gasbag 7, and the second conveyer belt also inclines to set up, and the interval of 7 left ends of second gasbag and 5 left ends of first gasbag is less than the interval of 7 right-hand members of second gasbag and 5 right-hand members of first gasbag. The first air bag 5 and the second air bag 7 are fixed with brush hair 6 on the surface. A plurality of inclined vent holes 11 are transversely arranged on the second air bag 7, pressure limiting valves are arranged in the vent holes 11, and one side of the vent hole 11 close to the lower end of the second air bag 7 is inclined downwards. An inflator pump is fixed on the frame and is communicated with the second air bag 7 through a pipeline.
The baffle 12 is alternately provided with air inlet holes 13 and air outlet holes 14, the projection of the air inlet holes 13 on the front side baffle 12 on the rear side baffle 12 is coincided with the air outlet holes 14, the projection of the air outlet holes 14 on the front side baffle 12 on the rear side baffle 12 is coincided with the air inlet holes 13, and the rack is also fixed with a hot air blower communicated with the air inlet holes 13 through a pipeline.
A screen 8 is arranged at the left end of the first conveyor belt on the rack, the screen 8 is vertically connected to the rack in a sliding manner, the right end of the screen 8 abuts against the surface of the first air bag 5, and a spring 9 is fixed between the lower end of the screen 8 and the rack; the end face of the driving roller 1 is fixed with a crank 17, the end part of the crank 17 is hinged with a connecting rod 16, the end part of the connecting rod 16 is hinged with a push rod 15, the upper end of the push rod 15 is fixed on the screen 8, and the crank 17, the connecting rod 16 and the push rod 15 form a crank sliding block mechanism.
The specific using process is as follows:
digger blade drives the potato of digging out and upwards rotates for the potato gets into between first gasbag 5 and the second gasbag 7 from the high-end of first conveyer belt, because the interval between first gasbag 5 and the second gasbag 7 reduces gradually, makes things convenient for the potato to get into between the two, and brush hair 6 on the two is more and more inseparable with the potato contact simultaneously in the potato motion process, brushes down the clay of the adhesion on the potato. And the surface skin of the potatoes can not be damaged because the air bags have certain deformability.
The motor drives the drive roller 1 to rotate, thereby moving the first conveyor belt. The belt 4 drives the cam 2 to rotate in the rotating process, the cam 2 intermittently jacks up the upper surface of the first conveyor belt in the rotating process, and then the first air bag 5 on the upper surface of the first conveyor belt shakes along with the cam, so that on one hand, the distance between the first air bag 5 and the second air bag 7 is reduced, a certain extrusion effect is realized on potatoes, and the friction soil removal of the brush bristles 6 is more convenient; on the other hand, the first air bag 5 shakes, so that the clay adhered to the brush hairs 6 of the first air bag 5 can be conveniently separated.
Hot air is introduced into the air inlet hole 13 through the air heater, and the air blows the potatoes to roll to assist soil removal. The specific process is as follows: the gas that inlet port 13 on the preceding side shield 12 lets in blows the potato and moves to 14 one sides near rear side shield 12 venthole, and the potato is simultaneously along with first conveyer belt motion, the potato is close to the inlet port 13 of rear side shield 12 gradually, and then the gas that inlet port 13 of rear side shield 12 lets in blows the potato and moves to being close to front side shield 12, repeat this motion process, the potato is the roll of snakelike route on first conveyer belt, make the friction between potato and the brush hair 6 more abundant, be convenient for more take off soil. In addition, part of the soil can be discharged from the air outlet 14 along with the action of the air flow. And because the soil on potato surface just unearthed is comparatively moist, glues easily on the surface of potato, through the hot air drying soil that inlet port 13 lets in to can make better the droing of clod, the brush hair 6 of being convenient for more brushes down the clay.
The air is continuously introduced into the second air bag 7 through the inflator pump, when the pressure in the second air bag 7 is higher, the air is discharged through the pressure limiting valve, on one hand, the discharged air blows off the soil adhered to the bristles 6, and the bristles 6 are conveniently removed from the soil; on the other hand, the gas is discharged through the inclined exhaust holes 11 to blow the upper parts of the potatoes, so that the potatoes are overturned to a certain extent, and soil removal is more convenient.
The potatoes move with the soil partially brushed down but still on the bristles 6 onto the screen 8, where they are further sifted through the screen 8. And the screen 8 is abutted against the surface of the first air bag 5, the end part of the screen 8 can scrape off the soil still adhered on the first air bag 5. Realize screen cloth 8's upper and lower slip through slider-crank mechanism, be convenient for more the screening, drive roll 1 and screen cloth 8 do not lie in the same straight line in addition, for eccentric slider-crank mechanism, have the effect of returning suddenly, and screen cloth 8 cooperates the inertia effect of returning suddenly at the up-and-down motion in-process, is convenient for more the screening.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention, and common general knowledge in the field of known specific structures and characteristics is not described herein in any greater extent than that known in the art at the filing date or prior to the priority date of the application, so that those skilled in the art can now appreciate that all of the above-described techniques in this field and have the ability to apply routine experimentation before this date can be combined with one or more of the present teachings to complete and implement the present invention, and that certain typical known structures or known methods do not pose any impediments to the implementation of the present invention by those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.

Claims (5)

1. The utility model provides a potato harvester, includes the frame, installs in the frame and excavates the subassembly, its characterized in that: the digging assembly is used for conveying the dug potatoes to the soil removing assembly; the soil removing assembly comprises a first conveyor belt which is obliquely arranged, a first air bag is fixed on the surface of the first conveyor belt, baffles are fixed on the two sides of the first conveyor belt on the rack, a second air bag is fixed above the baffles on the rack, the inclination directions of the second air bag and the first air bag are the same, the inclination angle of the second air bag is larger than that of the first air bag, and bristles are fixed on the surfaces of the first air bag and the second air bag; the first conveyor belt comprises a driving roller, a driven roller and a belt sleeved on the driving roller and the driven roller, a cam is rotatably connected to the middle part of the inner side of the belt on the rack, and the cam surface is abutted against the inner side of the belt; the baffle is alternately provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, the projection of the air inlet on the front side baffle on the rear side baffle coincides with the air outlet, the projection of the air outlet on the front side baffle on the rear side baffle coincides with the air inlet, and the air heater is communicated with the air inlet.
2. A potato harvester according to claim 1, wherein: the second conveyor belt is further included, and the second air bag is fixed on the surface of the second conveyor belt.
3. A potato harvester according to claim 2, characterized in that: a plurality of inclined vent holes are transversely arranged on the second air bag, pressure limiting valves are installed in the vent holes, and one side of each vent hole close to the lower end of the second air bag inclines downwards.
4. A potato harvester according to claim 3, characterized in that: the screen is arranged at the lower end of the first conveyor belt on the frame, and one end of the screen close to the first conveyor belt is abutted to the surface of the first air bag.
5. A potato harvester according to claim 4, characterized in that: a spring is fixed between the lower end of the screen and the frame; the end face of the driving roller is fixed with a crank, the end part of the crank is hinged with a connecting rod, the end part of the connecting rod is hinged with a push rod, and the upper end of the push rod is fixed on the screen.
CN201911380872.4A 2019-12-27 2019-12-27 Potato harvester Active CN110959361B (en)

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CN113927674A (en) * 2021-11-09 2022-01-14 安徽蓝云汇新材料科技有限公司 EPS foam board cutting device
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Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0678234A1 (en) * 1994-04-21 1995-10-25 Nicholson Farm Machinery Company Limited Crop cleaner
CN201123240Y (en) * 2007-12-07 2008-10-01 许春林 Potato harvester installed with bar strip type flexible pressure obligatory soil-crushing mechanism
CN204652972U (en) * 2015-05-18 2015-09-23 李胜兵 Roll-type for harvester for potato divides soil of leaving away to excavate harvesting apparatus
EP2952082A1 (en) * 2014-06-06 2015-12-09 Machinefabriek D.T. Dijkstra B.V. Device for removing soil from tuberous plants, such as potatoes
CN106416580A (en) * 2016-11-16 2017-02-22 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 Potato harvester
KR20170045028A (en) * 2015-10-16 2017-04-26 노술해 Bulbs harvesters equipped with a dirt removing conveyor
CN207869717U (en) * 2018-01-31 2018-09-18 李素杰 Harvester for peanut chain rod structure and crop and soil separator
CN108617225A (en) * 2018-05-15 2018-10-09 河南科技大学 A kind of potato harvest for clay ground removes native device
CN208047296U (en) * 2018-04-20 2018-11-06 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 A kind of potato and clod elimiator
CN208676310U (en) * 2018-04-19 2019-04-02 黑龙江东方学院 A kind of potato grinding skinning machine
CN110214520A (en) * 2019-06-28 2019-09-10 丹阳荣嘉精密机械有限公司 A kind of potato picker shake conveyer belt

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0678234A1 (en) * 1994-04-21 1995-10-25 Nicholson Farm Machinery Company Limited Crop cleaner
CN201123240Y (en) * 2007-12-07 2008-10-01 许春林 Potato harvester installed with bar strip type flexible pressure obligatory soil-crushing mechanism
EP2952082A1 (en) * 2014-06-06 2015-12-09 Machinefabriek D.T. Dijkstra B.V. Device for removing soil from tuberous plants, such as potatoes
CN204652972U (en) * 2015-05-18 2015-09-23 李胜兵 Roll-type for harvester for potato divides soil of leaving away to excavate harvesting apparatus
KR20170045028A (en) * 2015-10-16 2017-04-26 노술해 Bulbs harvesters equipped with a dirt removing conveyor
CN106416580A (en) * 2016-11-16 2017-02-22 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 Potato harvester
CN207869717U (en) * 2018-01-31 2018-09-18 李素杰 Harvester for peanut chain rod structure and crop and soil separator
CN208676310U (en) * 2018-04-19 2019-04-02 黑龙江东方学院 A kind of potato grinding skinning machine
CN208047296U (en) * 2018-04-20 2018-11-06 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 A kind of potato and clod elimiator
CN108617225A (en) * 2018-05-15 2018-10-09 河南科技大学 A kind of potato harvest for clay ground removes native device
CN110214520A (en) * 2019-06-28 2019-09-10 丹阳荣嘉精密机械有限公司 A kind of potato picker shake conveyer belt

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