CN110951462A - Degradable environment-friendly efficient dust suppressant and preparation method and use method thereof - Google Patents
Degradable environment-friendly efficient dust suppressant and preparation method and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110951462A CN110951462A CN201911284734.6A CN201911284734A CN110951462A CN 110951462 A CN110951462 A CN 110951462A CN 201911284734 A CN201911284734 A CN 201911284734A CN 110951462 A CN110951462 A CN 110951462A
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
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- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000004368 Modified starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 inorganic acid ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001341 hydroxy propyl starch Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013828 hydroxypropyl starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000168 Microcrystalline cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000142 Sodium polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008108 microcrystalline cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019813 microcrystalline cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940016286 microcrystalline cellulose Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001254 oxidized starch Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013808 oxidized starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000891 common polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/22—Materials not provided for elsewhere for dust-laying or dust-absorbing
Abstract
The invention discloses a degradable environment-friendly high-efficiency dust suppressant and a preparation method and a use method thereof. The efficient dust suppressant comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: aqueous degradable emulsion: 6-10%; modified starch: 1-3%; modified cellulose: 0.3-0.8%; dispersing agent: 0.2-0.6%; wetting agent: 0.1-0.5%; water: 86-92%. The dust suppressant provided by the invention adopts water-based degradable materials such as starch, polylactic acid and the like as main raw materials, the starch, the polylactic acid and the like can be automatically degraded after the service life is reached, no residue polluting the environment can be generated, secondary pollution is avoided, and the dust suppressant is an environment-friendly material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a degradable environment-friendly high-efficiency dust suppressant and a preparation method and a use method thereof, belonging to the field of dust diffusion prevention technology and environmental protection.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of economy, dust pollution has become a major pollutant in air pollution which is difficult to control. Fugitive dust pollution from open dust sources is a large source of dust pollution. For example: stacking and transporting of coal and mineral products, production and processing of ore, construction sites, bare ground, roads and the like are all sources which are easy to generate dust raising.
At present, common treatment measures aiming at an open dust source are to cover a mesh, spray water to suppress dust, arrange a wind-shield wall to suppress dust, chemically suppress dust and the like, but the methods have various problems. The cost of the straw mat cover mesh cloth is high, the effective period is short, and the laying efficiency is low; the sprinkling dust suppression has certain effect, but the water is quickly evaporated in summer, water resources are wasted by continuous sprinkling, and various inconveniences are caused by easy freezing at low temperature in winter; the arrangement of the wind-break wall has large investment and unobvious effect, and particularly, the closed space influences the carrying efficiency of large vehicles and equipment in large stockyard and construction site; compared with the chemical dust suppression, the chemical dust suppression agent has obvious effect and does not have the defects of the traditional dust suppression, but the traditional inorganic salt and heavy oil chemical dust suppression agent is easy to cause secondary pollution, and the common high-molecular dust suppression agent has chemical substances remained in a material pile to influence the subsequent use.
Along with the gradual improvement of environmental awareness of people, the dust suppressant with incomplete performance and hidden environmental pollution is gradually eliminated, and the biodegradable and environment-friendly dust suppressant also gradually becomes a hot point of research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a degradable environment-friendly high-efficiency dust suppressant and a preparation method thereof, which can overcome the problems in the traditional dust suppression.
In the invention, multiple materials with single performance protrusions are reasonably combined and modified to obtain the dust suppression material with excellent comprehensive performance. The modified starch and the water-based degradable material are matched for use, the defects that a common polymer or polymer emulsion is not environment-friendly and not easy to degrade, and the single starch is low in strength, water-proof and photolysis-proof after film forming are overcome, the tolerance is good, the wind erosion resistance is high, and the dust suppression cost is reduced.
The invention provides a degradable environment-friendly high-efficiency dust suppressant, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
6-10% of water-based degradable emulsion
1-3% of modified starch
0.3 to 0.8 percent of modified cellulose
0.2 to 0.6 percent of dispersant
0.1 to 0.5 percent of wetting agent
86-92% of water.
The aqueous degradable emulsion comprises: the emulsion is preferably hydroxyl-terminated polylactic acid emulsion, and then aqueous polymer emulsion with small chemical bond energy and easy degradation under radiation aging of sunlight and composite emulsion of the hydroxyl-terminated polylactic acid emulsion and other aqueous polymer emulsion are selected.
In the dust suppressant, the modified starch is one or more of carboxymethyl starch, hydroxypropyl starch, hydrogen peroxide oxidized starch and acetate starch.
In the dust suppressant, the modified cellulose is one or more of cellulose inorganic acid ester, carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose.
In the dust suppressant, the dispersant is one of a sodium polycarboxylate, a partially saturated carboxylic ester, a polyalkoxy compound and a polyphosphate.
In the dust suppressant, the wetting agent is one of sodium alkylaryl sulfonate, a condensate of fatty alcohol and ethylene oxide, phosphate ester and polyether polyol.
The invention provides a preparation method of the degradable environment-friendly high-efficiency dust suppressant, which comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the components according to the proportion, heating half of water to 30-35 ℃, starting stirring for 100-200 r/min, slowly adding modified starch, and stirring for 5-8 min; after uniformly stirring, adjusting the rotating speed to 80-120 r/min, gradually heating to 60-75 ℃, gradually changing the color from white to transparent, and stirring for 3-5 min to obtain modified starch paste;
(2) putting the weighed hydroxyl-terminated polylactic acid emulsion or other aqueous degradable emulsions and the residual water in a stirrer, starting stirring at the rotating speed of 100-200 r/min, then respectively adding the weighed modified cellulose, the dispersant and the wetting agent, and stirring at the rotating speed for 10-15 min; and (2) adjusting the rotating speed to 80-120 r/min, adding the modified starch paste prepared in the step (1), stirring for 5-10 min, ensuring uniform mixing, and discharging to obtain the degradable environment-friendly high-efficiency dust suppressant.
The invention provides a use method of the degradable environment-friendly high-efficiency dust suppressant, which is characterized in that liquid is directly sprayed on the surface of a dust source by a sprayer during construction.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the dust suppressant adopts water-based degradable materials such as starch, polylactic acid and the like as main raw materials, and the starch, the polylactic acid and the like can be automatically degraded after reaching the service life, so that residues polluting the environment can not be generated, secondary pollution is avoided, and the dust suppressant is an environment-friendly material;
(2) the used hydroxyl-terminated polylactic acid emulsion or other aqueous degradable emulsions have excellent compatibility with water and can be mutually soluble with water at any ratio, so that the material stability of the whole aqueous environment-friendly system is stronger.
(3) Because more fine particles are hydrophobic, due to the introduction of the wetting agent, after the liquid material is sprayed on the surface of the solid dust source, the gas on the surface of the solid is replaced by the liquid, and the material is easier to spread and seep downwards when in use. Effectively improves the wettability and the permeability of the material, and directly reflects the improvement of the thickness index of the curing layer.
(4) The material is a composite organic system, and is matched with a proper dispersant to enhance the compatibility of each component, so that the system is more stable; the fluidity of the material is increased, and the easy spreadability of the wetting agent is combined, so that the film forming of the material after solidification is more uniform, the water retention capacity is better, dust is effectively suppressed, and the environmental pollution is reduced.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by, but is not limited to, the following examples.
Example 1:
440g of water is weighed and heated to 30 ℃, stirring is started for 150r/min, 30g of hydroxypropyl starch is slowly added, and stirring is carried out for 7 min. After the mixture is uniform, the rotating speed is adjusted to 110r/min, the temperature is gradually increased to 73 ℃, the color is gradually changed from white to transparent, and the mixture is stirred for 3min, so that the modified starch paste is obtained.
80g of hydroxyl-terminated polylactic acid emulsion and 440g of water are weighed and placed in a stirrer, stirring is started, the rotating speed is 150r/min, then 3g of carboxymethyl cellulose, 3g of sodium polycarboxylate salt and 4g of sodium alkyl aryl sulfonate are respectively added, and the rotating speed is kept for stirring for 15 min. Adjusting the rotating speed to 120r/min, gradually adding 470g of the prepared modified starch paste, stirring for 10min, ensuring uniform mixing, and discharging to obtain the starch paste.
During construction, the liquid is directly sprayed on the surface of the dust source by a sprayer.
Example 2
445g of water is weighed and heated to 32 ℃, stirring is started for 180r/min, 30g of modified starch (mixture of hydroxypropyl starch and carboxymethyl starch in a ratio of 1: 1-1: 1.5) is slowly added, and stirring is carried out for 8 min. After the mixture is uniform, the rotating speed is adjusted to 120r/min, the temperature is gradually increased to 70 ℃, the color is gradually changed from white to transparent, and the mixture is stirred for 5min, so that the modified starch paste is obtained.
Weighing 90g and 445g of water of the degradable vinyl acetate emulsion, placing the water in a stirrer, starting stirring at a rotating speed of 130r/min, then respectively adding 4g of modified cellulose (a mixture of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and methyl cellulose in a ratio of 1: 1-1: 1.8), 3g of polyalkoxy compound and 3g of phosphate, and stirring at the rotating speed for 12 min. Adjusting the rotating speed to 100r/min, gradually adding 475g of the prepared modified starch paste, stirring for 6min, ensuring uniform mixing, and discharging to obtain the starch paste.
During construction, the liquid is directly sprayed on the surface of the dust source by a sprayer.
Example 3
436.5g of water is weighed and heated to 35 ℃, stirring is started for 120r/min, 20g of modified starch (mixture of hydroxypropyl starch and acetate starch with the ratio of 1: 1-1: 1.5) is slowly added, and stirring is carried out for 5 min. After the mixture is uniform, the rotating speed is adjusted to 80r/min, the temperature is gradually increased to 64 ℃, the color is gradually changed from white to transparent, and the mixture is stirred for 5min, so that the modified starch paste is obtained.
Weighing 100g of degradable emulsion composition such as hydroxyl-terminated polylactic acid emulsion and 475g of water, placing the weighed degradable emulsion composition in a stirrer, starting stirring at the rotating speed of 200r/min, then respectively adding 5g of modified cellulose (mixture of cellulose inorganic acid ester and microcrystalline cellulose at the ratio of 1: 1-1: 1.8), 1g of partially saturated carboxylic ester and 1g of polyether polyol, and stirring at the rotating speed for 10 min. Adjusting the rotating speed to 80r/min, gradually adding 456.5g of the prepared modified starch paste, stirring for 8min, ensuring uniform mixing, and discharging to obtain the starch paste.
During construction, the liquid is directly sprayed on the surface of the dust source by a sprayer.
The performance indexes of certain products with dust suppression function in the market are compared with the performance indexes of the products of the invention, and the tests are as follows:
from the data, different types of dust suppressants have certain dust suppression effect, wherein the difference between the wind erosion rate and the solidified layer thickness of the two most main dust suppression indexes is the largest, and the excellence of the performance of the dust suppressants can be reflected most; on the premise of the same solid content, the three types of performances are compared to obtain:
1. the wind erosion rate of the dust suppressant product is very low, which shows that the effect of being damaged by wind is greatly weakened, the weakening of the dust suppressant in the using process is reduced, and then the thickness of a cured layer can reach 15mm, so that a dust suppression surface is aggregated into a firm surface layer, and the dust suppressant product has a proper wind erosion resistant effect; after the solidified layer is fixed, the solidified layer is soaked in water without losing the binding power, and after 60 days of natural illumination, the solidified layer starts to be gradually decomposed, and finally the influence of soil is recovered, so that the environmental pollution is avoided;
2. the high-molecular emulsion can also be mutually soluble in water, but the weathering resistance is obviously weakened, and meanwhile, the thickness of the cured layer is wandering to the edge meeting the national standard; after the curing is finished, the water-based organic fertilizer is soaked in water, has good water resistance, and can not be decomposed after natural illumination for 60 days, particularly after continuous illumination for 300 days, so that partial loss of soil functions is caused, and the environment is influenced;
3. the cold-soluble polyvinyl alcohol powder is diluted into solution according to the same solid content and then sprayed to a comparison sample, the wind erosion resistance is obviously insufficient, the thickness of a cured layer does not reach the industrial standard, the curing effect disappears after the cold-soluble polyvinyl alcohol powder is dried and formed and is soaked in water again, the decomposition starts to occur after 10 days of natural illumination, and the dust suppression effect is lost.
Claims (8)
1. A degradable environment-friendly high-efficiency dust suppressant is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
6-10% of water-based degradable emulsion
1-3% of modified starch
0.3 to 0.8 percent of modified cellulose
0.2 to 0.6 percent of dispersant
0.1 to 0.5 percent of wetting agent
86-92% of water.
2. The degradable environment-friendly high-efficiency dust suppressant according to claim 1, wherein: the water-based degradable emulsion comprises hydroxyl-terminated polylactic acid emulsion, or water-based polymer emulsion which has small chemical bond energy and is easy to radiate, age and decompose under sunlight, or composite emulsion of the hydroxyl-terminated polylactic acid emulsion and the water-based polymer emulsion which is easy to degrade; the easily degradable high molecular material comprises water-based vinyl acetate emulsion.
3. The degradable environment-friendly high-efficiency dust suppressant according to claim 1, wherein: the modified starch is one or more of carboxymethyl starch, hydroxypropyl starch, hydrogen peroxide oxidized starch and acetate starch.
4. The degradable environment-friendly high-efficiency dust suppressant according to claim 1, wherein: the modified cellulose is one or more of cellulose inorganic acid ester, carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose.
5. The degradable environment-friendly high-efficiency dust suppressant according to claim 1, wherein: the dispersing agent is one of sodium polycarboxylate, partially saturated carboxylic ester, polyalkoxy compound and polyphosphate.
6. The degradable environment-friendly high-efficiency dust suppressant according to claim 1, wherein: the wetting agent is one of alkyl aryl sodium sulfonate, condensation product of fatty alcohol and ethylene oxide, phosphate ester and polyether polyol.
7. A preparation method of the degradable environment-friendly high-efficiency dust suppressant according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) weighing the components according to the proportion, heating half of water to 30-35 ℃, starting stirring for 100-200 r/min, slowly adding modified starch, and stirring for 5-8 min; after uniformly stirring, adjusting the rotating speed to 80-120 r/min, gradually heating to 60-75 ℃, gradually changing the color from white to transparent, and stirring for 3-5 min to obtain modified starch paste;
(2) putting the weighed water-based degradable emulsion and the rest water in a stirrer, starting stirring at the rotating speed of 100-200 r/min, then respectively adding the weighed modified cellulose, the dispersant and the wetting agent, and stirring at the rotating speed for 10-15 min; and (2) adjusting the rotating speed to 80-120 r/min, adding the modified starch paste prepared in the step (1), stirring for 5-10 min, ensuring uniform mixing, and discharging to obtain the degradable environment-friendly high-efficiency dust suppressant.
8. A use method of the degradable environment-friendly high-efficiency dust suppressant according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a sprayer is used for directly spraying liquid on the surface of a dust source during construction.
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| CN113150744A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-07-23 | 彭岩 | Quick-crusting biodegradable dust suppressant |
| CN113368635A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-09-10 | 唐山三友矿山有限公司 | Environment-friendly degradable dust suppressant and preparation method and preparation device thereof |
| CN113429839A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-09-24 | 山东农业大学 | Environment-friendly degradable dustproof film and preparation method thereof |
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