CN110948182A - Method for forming refractory metal capillary core - Google Patents
Method for forming refractory metal capillary core Download PDFInfo
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- CN110948182A CN110948182A CN201911097124.5A CN201911097124A CN110948182A CN 110948182 A CN110948182 A CN 110948182A CN 201911097124 A CN201911097124 A CN 201911097124A CN 110948182 A CN110948182 A CN 110948182A
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- refractory metal
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- wick
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- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910001182 Mo alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001257 Nb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001080 W alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/26—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass heat exchangers or the like
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
- F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
- F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
- F28D15/046—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure characterised by the material or the construction of the capillary structure
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for forming a refractory metal capillary core, which comprises the following steps: (1) providing a metal plate A, wherein a strip-shaped or net-shaped groove is formed in one side of the metal plate A; (2) processing a blind hole array on the surface of the metal plate on the side of the groove, and then laminating and placing a refractory metal wire mesh B on the surface of the processed metal plate; (3) processing a metal nail C with a corresponding size according to the blind hole, and fixing the refractory metal wire mesh on the metal plate through the metal nail and the blind hole; (4) and welding the metal nails to the metal plate by adopting an electron beam to obtain the refractory metal capillary core with the groove and wire mesh double-layer structure. The invention effectively solves the problem of difficult formation of the capillary structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of high-temperature thermal structures, and particularly relates to a method for forming a refractory metal capillary core.
Background
With the development of economy and society, the use temperature of thermal structures is increasingly increasing, reaching or even exceeding the upper limit of the use temperature of existing material systems. Semi-passive/active cooling, represented by high temperature heat pipe channeling and transpiration cooling, is one of the feasible ways to solve this problem.
When the working temperature is lower than 1000 ℃, the shell of the high-temperature heat pipe is made of high-temperature alloy or stainless steel, the capillary structure is made of a stainless steel wire mesh, the processing and welding processes are mature, and the forming of the capillary structure is easy to realize. When the working temperature is higher than 1000 ℃, the materials of the shell and the capillary structure of the high-temperature heat pipe are changed into refractory metals, such as niobium alloy, molybdenum alloy and the like, and the high-temperature heat pipe has high melting point, high thermal conductivity and easy oxidation, so that the capillary structure is difficult to form and has low reliability.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a method for forming a refractory metal capillary structure, which adopts a composite process of mechanical fixing and vacuum welding and effectively solves the problem of difficult formation of the capillary structure.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for forming a refractory metal capillary wick comprises the following steps:
(1) providing a metal plate, wherein a strip-shaped or net-shaped groove is formed in one side of the metal plate;
(2) processing a blind hole array on the surface of a groove side metal plate, and then stacking and placing a refractory metal wire mesh on the processed surface of the metal plate;
(3) processing metal nails with corresponding sizes according to the blind holes, and fixing the refractory metal wire mesh on the metal plate through the metal nails and the blind holes;
(4) and welding the metal nails to the metal plate by adopting an electron beam to obtain the refractory metal capillary core with the groove and wire mesh double-layer structure.
Preferably, the metal plate is made of niobium alloy, molybdenum alloy or tungsten alloy. The width of the strip-shaped or net-shaped groove on the metal plate is 0.2-0.4mm, the depth is 0.3-0.5mm, and the distance between the grooves is 0.5-3 mm.
Preferably, the refractory metal wire mesh is made of niobium alloy, molybdenum alloy or pure molybdenum. The mesh size of the silk screen is 50-300 meshes, and the number of layers is 3-5.
Preferably, the blind hole is in an inverted cone shape, the diameter of the blind hole is 1.0-1.6mm, the depth of the blind hole is 1.4-2.0mm, and the taper of the blind hole is 1: 7 to 1: 10.
preferably, the array pitch of the blind holes is 15-25mm, and the line spacing is 20-30 mm.
Preferably, the metal nail is made of pure niobium, C-103 or niobium 521, and the metal nail and the blind hole are in interference fit.
Preferably, the refractory metal wire mesh is fixed on the metal plate through the metal nails and the blind holes, and the interlayer spacing of the fixed refractory metal wire mesh is not more than 0.5 mm.
Preferably, the metal nail is welded on the metal plate through an electron beam, the welding mode is spot welding, and the welding parameters are as follows: accelerating voltage of 55-60kV, welding current of 20-30mA, welding time of 1.0-2.4s, and welding vacuum degree of less than 4.0 × 10- 2Pa。
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the groove silk screen double-layer capillary structure is adopted, the capillary effect is good, and the capillary transmission of fluid is facilitated.
2. The multilayer refractory metal wire mesh is pre-fixed in a mechanical mode, and the interlayer spacing and the capillary force can be adjusted.
3. The metal nail to be welded has small heat capacity, and the welding forming difficulty is greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 illustrates a method of forming a refractory metal according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the process for welding the metal nail and the metal plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a lithium working medium niobium-based high temperature heat pipe and its thermocouple position prepared by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a starting curve of the lithium working medium niobium-based high-temperature heat pipe prepared by the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Fig. 1 shows a method for forming a refractory metal capillary wick provided by the invention, which comprises the following steps:
(1) providing a metal plate 1, wherein strip-shaped or net-shaped grooves are formed in one side of the metal plate 1;
(2) processing a blind hole array on the surface of a groove side metal plate, and then laminating and placing a refractory metal wire mesh 2 on the processed surface of the metal plate;
(3) processing metal nails 3 with corresponding sizes according to the blind holes, and fixing the refractory metal wire mesh 2 on the metal plate 1 through the metal nails 3 and the blind holes;
(4) and welding the metal nails to the metal plate by adopting an electron beam to obtain the refractory metal capillary core with the groove and wire mesh double-layer structure. The invention adopts the mode of mechanical fixation and electron beam welding to form the refractory metal capillary core, the heat capacity of the metal nail of the welding object is small, and the welding forming difficulty is greatly reduced.
Furthermore, the metal plate is made of niobium alloy, molybdenum alloy or tungsten alloy. The width of the strip-shaped or net-shaped groove on the metal plate is 0.2-0.4mm, the depth is 0.3-0.5mm, and the distance between the grooves is 0.5-3 mm.
Furthermore, the refractory metal wire mesh is made of niobium alloy, molybdenum alloy or pure molybdenum. The mesh size of the silk screen is 50-300 meshes, and the number of layers is 3-5.
Furthermore, the blind hole is in an inverted cone shape, the diameter of the blind hole is 1.0-1.6mm, the depth of the blind hole is 1.4-2.0mm, and the taper of the blind hole is 1: 7 to 1: 10. the diameter of the tapered blind hole is defined as the maximum diameter of the blind hole, i.e., the surface of the metal plate.
Furthermore, in the blind hole array, the distance between blind holes in the same row is 15-25mm, and the row spacing is 20-30 mm.
Furthermore, the metal nail is made of pure niobium, C-103 or niobium 521, and the metal nail and the blind hole are in interference fit.
Furthermore, the refractory metal wire mesh is fixed on the metal plate through the metal nails and the blind holes, and the interlayer spacing of the fixed refractory metal wire mesh is not more than 0.5 mm.
Further, the metal nail is welded on the metal plate through an electron beam, the welding mode is spot welding, and the welding parameters are as follows: accelerating voltage of 55-60kV, welding current of 20-30mA, welding time of 1.0-2.4s, and welding vacuum degree of less than 4.0 × 10- 2Pa, see FIG. 2.
Examples
To illustrate the feasibility of the method, we carried out the preparation of the refractory metal capillary wick from a 2.5mm thick niobium 521 plate and a 200 mesh molybdenum alloy wire mesh. First, a strip-shaped groove was machined on one side of the niobium 521 plate. The groove size is 0.2mm wide by 0.4mm deep, the interval is 2 mm. Then, forming an array of blind holes in the niobium 521 plate, wherein the diameter of each blind hole is 1.0mm, the depth of each blind hole is 1.4mm, and the taper of each blind hole is 1: 9; the spacing of the blind hole array is 20mm, and the row spacing is 30 mm. Then, metal nails with corresponding sizes are processed by taking pure niobium as a material, and 3 layers of 200-mesh molybdenum alloy wire meshes are fixed on the niobium 521 plate by the metal nails, and the spacing between the wire meshes is about 0.2mm after the fixation. Finally, the pure niobium nail is welded on the niobium 521 plate by adopting an electron beam, the welding parameters are that the accelerating voltage is 60kW, the welding current is 24mA, the welding time is 2.0s, and the welding vacuum degree is 4.0 multiplied by 10-2Pa。
We placed the prepared refractory metal wick vertically into liquid lithium at 250 ℃. Liquid lithium is gradually distributed on the capillary surface of the niobium 521 plate under the action of surface tension, which shows that the refractory metal capillary core prepared by the method has good capillary effect.
In order to further illustrate the superiority of the present invention, a lithium working medium niobium-based high temperature heat pipe is prepared by using the refractory metal capillary wick prepared in this example, and a K-type thermocouple is arranged on the circular tube-shaped heat pipe, as shown in fig. 3, which is a partial schematic diagram, wherein TC1 to TC9 represent 9 positions. Then, a part of the graphite powder was heated in a graphite furnace at 1200 ℃. FIG. 4 shows a starting curve of the lithium working medium niobium-based high-temperature heat pipe. As can be seen from the figure, the readings of all the temperature measuring points are successively increased from the room temperature to about 950 ℃ in the first 250 seconds, the heat pipe is successfully started, and good temperature uniformity is presented. The refractory metal capillary core prepared by the method realizes the functions of heat transfer and mass transfer, and quickly transfers the heat applied to the surface of the heat pipe to the whole heat pipe.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make variations and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for forming a refractory metal capillary wick is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) providing a metal plate, wherein a strip-shaped or net-shaped groove is formed in one side of the metal plate;
(2) processing a blind hole array on the surface of a groove side metal plate, and then stacking and placing a refractory metal wire mesh on the processed surface of the metal plate;
(3) processing metal nails with corresponding sizes according to the blind holes, and fixing the refractory metal wire mesh on the metal plate through the matching of the metal nails and the blind holes;
(4) and welding the metal nails to the metal plate by adopting an electron beam to obtain the refractory metal capillary core with the groove and wire mesh double-layer structure.
2. A method of forming a refractory metal wick as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the metal plate is made of niobium alloy, molybdenum alloy or tungsten alloy.
3. A method of forming a refractory metal wick as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the width of the strip-shaped or net-shaped groove on the metal plate is 0.2-0.4mm, the depth is 0.3-0.5mm, and the distance between the grooves is 0.5-3 mm.
4. A method of forming a refractory metal wick as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the refractory metal wire mesh is made of niobium alloy, molybdenum alloy or pure molybdenum; the mesh size of the silk screen is 50-300 meshes, and the number of laminated layers is 3-5.
5. A method of forming a refractory metal wick as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the blind holes are inverted cones, the diameter of each blind hole is 1.0-1.6mm, the depth of each blind hole is 1.4-2.0mm, and the taper of each blind hole is 1: 7 to 1: 10.
6. a method of forming a refractory metal wick as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the interval between the blind holes in the same row is 15-25mm, and the row spacing is 20-30 mm.
7. A method of forming a refractory metal wick as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the metal nail is made of pure niobium, C-103 or niobium 521, and the metal nail and the blind hole are in interference fit.
8. A method of forming a refractory metal wick as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the refractory metal wire mesh is fixed on the metal plate through the metal nails and the blind holes, and the interlayer spacing of the fixed refractory metal wire mesh is not more than 0.5 mm.
9. A method of forming a refractory metal wick as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the metal nails are welded on the metal plate through electron beams, and the welding mode is spot welding.
10. A method of forming a refractory metal wick as claimed in claim 9, wherein: the welding parameters are as follows: accelerating voltage of 55-60kV, welding current of 20-30mA, welding time of 1.0-2.4s, and welding vacuum degree of less than 4.0 × 10-2Pa。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911097124.5A CN110948182B (en) | 2019-11-11 | 2019-11-11 | Forming method of refractory metal capillary core |
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| CN201911097124.5A CN110948182B (en) | 2019-11-11 | 2019-11-11 | Forming method of refractory metal capillary core |
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| CN110948182B CN110948182B (en) | 2024-06-11 |
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Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1996017967A1 (en) * | 1994-12-09 | 1996-06-13 | Cistech, Inc. | Refractory metal single crystal sheets and manufacturing methods |
| US20010017422A1 (en) * | 1999-12-21 | 2001-08-30 | Noriaki Oda | Semiconductor device with copper-based wiring lines and method of fabricating the same |
| JP2002030479A (en) * | 2000-06-16 | 2002-01-31 | Degussa Galvanotechnik Gmbh | Method for producing refractory metal plate whose one side is plated with platinum and use of the plate produced thereby |
| CN1607052A (en) * | 2003-10-15 | 2005-04-20 | 联合工艺公司 | Refractory metal core |
| US20160209122A1 (en) * | 2015-01-20 | 2016-07-21 | Chaun-Choung Technology Corp. | Slim-type vapor chamber and capillary structure thereof |
| CN106624298A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-05-10 | 武汉纳瑞格智能设备有限公司 | Method for prolonging service life of narrow-gap gas shield welding ceramic nozzle based on refractory metal composite |
| CN109405610A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-03-01 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of wick structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN110193601A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-09-03 | 金堆城钼业股份有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of bilayer or multilayer refractory metal composite pipe |
| CN211261900U (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2020-08-14 | 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 | Refractory metal capillary core |
-
2019
- 2019-11-11 CN CN201911097124.5A patent/CN110948182B/en active Active
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1996017967A1 (en) * | 1994-12-09 | 1996-06-13 | Cistech, Inc. | Refractory metal single crystal sheets and manufacturing methods |
| US20010017422A1 (en) * | 1999-12-21 | 2001-08-30 | Noriaki Oda | Semiconductor device with copper-based wiring lines and method of fabricating the same |
| JP2002030479A (en) * | 2000-06-16 | 2002-01-31 | Degussa Galvanotechnik Gmbh | Method for producing refractory metal plate whose one side is plated with platinum and use of the plate produced thereby |
| CN1607052A (en) * | 2003-10-15 | 2005-04-20 | 联合工艺公司 | Refractory metal core |
| US20160209122A1 (en) * | 2015-01-20 | 2016-07-21 | Chaun-Choung Technology Corp. | Slim-type vapor chamber and capillary structure thereof |
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| CN110193601A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-09-03 | 金堆城钼业股份有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of bilayer or multilayer refractory metal composite pipe |
| CN211261900U (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2020-08-14 | 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 | Refractory metal capillary core |
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