CN110945220A - 废气后处理系统和对内燃机进行废气后处理的方法 - Google Patents

废气后处理系统和对内燃机进行废气后处理的方法 Download PDF

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CN110945220A
CN110945220A CN201880048180.7A CN201880048180A CN110945220A CN 110945220 A CN110945220 A CN 110945220A CN 201880048180 A CN201880048180 A CN 201880048180A CN 110945220 A CN110945220 A CN 110945220A
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exhaust gas
catalytic converter
way catalytic
internal combustion
exhaust
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S.波克纳
F-C.巴龙冯库默恩-林登斯特纳
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Volkswagen AG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2033Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using a fuel burner or introducing fuel into exhaust duct
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D46/00Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/0027Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D46/00Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/66Regeneration of the filtering material or filter elements inside the filter
    • B01D46/80Chemical processes for the removal of the retained particles, e.g. by burning
    • B01D46/84Chemical processes for the removal of the retained particles, e.g. by burning by heating only
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9445Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
    • B01D53/9454Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific device
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于内燃机(10)、尤其通过废气涡轮增压器(30)增压并且借助于火花塞(16)外源点火的内燃机(10)的废气后处理系统。其中,在与内燃机(10)的排气口(12)连接的排气装置(20)中,在靠近发动机的位置中,布置有颗粒过滤器(24)并且在颗粒过滤器(24)的下游布置有第一三效催化转化器(26)。在机动车的底板位置中,在第一三效催化转化器(26)的下游布置有另外的三效催化转化器(28)。在此规定,自发动机启动起,废气燃烧器(34)启用,通过废气燃烧器(34)能在颗粒过滤器(24)下游将热废气导入排气装置(20)中,以便将所述三效催化转化器(26、28)中的至少一个在冷启动后尽可能快地加热至起燃温度并且因此实现高效的废气后处理。当两个三效催化转化器(26、28)中的至少一个达到其起燃温度时,关闭废气燃烧器(34)。

Description

废气后处理系统和对内燃机进行废气后处理的方法
本发明涉及根据独立权利要求的前序部分所述的用于内燃机的废气后处理系统和对内燃机进行废气后处理的方法。
日益严格的排放法规对汽车制造商提出了高要求,这些要求通过相应的用于降低发动机原始排放的措施和相应的废气后处理满足。随着EU6排放标准的引入,为汽油发动机规定了颗粒数量的限值,该限值要求在许多情况下使用汽油颗粒过滤器。特别在内燃机的冷启动后由于不完全燃烧结合低于化学计量的燃烧空气比和冷启动期间的低温气缸壁形成这种碳烟颗粒。因此,冷启动阶段对遵守法律规定的颗粒限值至关重要。这种汽油颗粒过滤器在行驶中继续被加载碳烟。为了不使排气背压剧烈升高,必须使汽油颗粒过滤器持续或定期再生。排气背压的升高可能导致内燃机的油耗增加、功率损耗并且运转平稳性受损甚至失火。为了实施拦截在汽油颗粒过滤器中的碳烟与氧气的热氧化,需要足够高的温度水平并且同时在汽油发动机的排气装置中存在氧气。由于现代汽油发动机通常在没有氧气过量的情况下以按化学计量的燃烧空气比(λ=1)运行,因此为此需要额外的措施。为此考虑例如通过调整点火角提高温度、汽油发动机的暂时的稀燃调节、将二次空气引入排气装置或这些措施的组合。以前优选使用朝点火延迟的方向调整点火角结合汽油发动机的稀燃调节的方法,因为该方法不需要额外的构件并且能够在汽油发动机的大多数工作点提供充足的氧气量。基于汽油发动机的良好的效率,车底位置中的颗粒过滤器的再生在某些工况下不可行,从而车底位置中的颗粒过滤器的再生需要特定的行驶循环。颗粒过滤器的靠近发动机的定位是有利的,因为由此在颗粒过滤器处存在较高的温度并且加热到再生温度变得容易。具有起三效催化转化作用的涂层的颗粒过滤器(所谓的四效催化转化器)的另外的问题是,该涂层可能具有强烈的老化现象,因此为了转化气态的有害物质需要靠近发动机的额外的三效催化转化器。
由专利文献DE 10 2008 036 127 A1已知一种用于内燃机的废气后处理的方法,在该内燃机的排气通道中布置有颗粒过滤器和三效催化转化器。在此,颗粒过滤器作为废气后处理的第一部件布置在内燃机的排气口下游。在颗粒过滤器的下游布置有三效催化转化器。在此,通过三效催化转化器的λ调节提高废气中的用于颗粒过滤器再生的氧含量。
专利文献DE 10 2010 046 747 A1公开一种用于汽油发动机的废气后处理系统以及一种废气后处理方法。在此,在三效催化转化器的下游布置有颗粒过滤器,其中,为了再生拦截在颗粒过滤器中的碳烟颗粒可以提供二次空气系统,该二次空气系统在三效催化转化器的下游并且在颗粒过滤器的上游将新鲜空气引入排气装置。
由专利文献DE 10 2012 204 779 A1已知一种用于内燃机的废气后处理系统,其中,在排气装置中布置有可电加热的三效催化转化器,并且在可电加热的三效催化转化器的下游布置有另外的三效催化转化器。在这种情况下,为了减少排放可以将二次空气引入排气装置。
专利文献DE 10 2012 011 603 A1公开了一种具有排气装置的内燃机,其中,在该排气装置中布置有HC吸附器,并且在HC吸附器的下游布置有三效催化转化器,其中,在HC吸附器的下游并且在三效催化转化器的上游设置有用于将热的燃烧器气体引入内燃机的排气通道中的废气燃烧器,以便加热三效催化转化器。在这种情况下,在发动机启动时,未燃烧的碳氢化合物可以被拦截在HC吸附器中,直到三效催化转化器或靠近发动机的启动催化转化器达到其起燃温度为止。
此外,由专利文献DE 10 2012 021 573已知一种带有排气装置的内燃机,其中,三效催化转化器可借助于废气燃烧器加热。在此通过燃烧器加热预催化转化器,直到有害的废气成分可以通过预催化转化器和后置于预催化转化器的主催化转化器转化为止。
本发明所要解决的技术问题是,确保在所有的行驶循环中达到颗粒过滤器的再生温度、改善废气后处理系统的老化性能和克服现有技术中已知的缺点。
按照本发明,所述技术问题通过一种用于具有排气装置的内燃机的废气后处理系统解决,所述排气装置与内燃机的排气口连接。在此,所述排气装置包括排气通道,在所述排气通道中沿内燃机的废气流过排气通道的流动方向,靠近发动机布置有作为第一减排部件的颗粒过滤器,在所述颗粒过滤器的下游同样在靠近发动机的位置布置有第一三效催化转化器并且在所述第一三效催化转化器的下游布置有另外的三效催化转化器。
在颗粒过滤器的下游设有燃烧器,通过所述燃烧器能将用于加热所述三效催化转化器中的至少一个的热废气导入排气装置中。在这种情况下,颗粒过滤器和第一三效催化转化器靠近发动机布置应当理解为这些废气后处理部件布置为自内燃机的排气口起具有小于80cm、尤其小于50cm、特别优选小于35cm的废气行程。由此,尤其在内燃机冷启动之后,能够对颗粒过滤器和第一三效催化转化器加速地加热。由于颗粒过滤器的位置靠近发动机,通过排气通道的壁部损失的废热更少,因此与内燃机的位于车底的颗粒过滤器相比,在靠近发动机的颗粒过滤器上更容易达到拦截在颗粒过滤器中的碳烟颗粒的需要用于再生颗粒过滤器的氧化温度。通过废气燃烧器可以将大量能量引入排气装置,从而三效催化转化器中的至少一个在冷启动后迅速达到其起燃温度并且因此能够实现有害物质的高效的转化。因此三效催化转化器可以比通过电加热元件明显更快地被加热,从而三效催化转化器更快地达到其起燃温度。
按照本发明的用于内燃机的废气后处理系统的有利的改进方案和扩展设计可由在从属权利要求中记载的特征得出。
在本发明的一种优选的设计方案中规定,颗粒过滤器不具有涂层、尤其不具有起三效催化转化作用的涂层或用于选择性催化还原氮氧化物的涂层,和/或颗粒过滤器不具有储氧器、尤其不含具有储氧能力的中间层或者说涂层。由此可以防止颗粒过滤器的性能由老化引起的改变,从而颗粒过滤器在其使用寿命期间具有大致相同的性能。此外,以此方式还可以通过一对共同的λ探针监测颗粒过滤器和可加热的三效催化转化器的机能,其中,第一λ探针布置在颗粒过滤器的上游,并且第二λ探针布置在可电加热的三效催化转化器的下游。由于颗粒过滤器作为第一废气后处理部件布置在内燃机的排气口后,因此尤其在内燃机的全负荷运行中颗粒过滤器被加载较高的废气温度,这样的废气温度在其它情况下导致起催化转化作用的涂层的加剧的热老化。此外,通过省去涂层,颗粒过滤器还可以设计为具有更少的单元(Zellen),从而减小颗粒过滤器的热质量并且有利于对颗粒过滤器的加热。此外还降低了排气背压,由此可以减小排气装置中的流动损失并因此提高内燃机的效率。这在其它框架条件不变的情况下可以用于提高功率或减少消耗。另外,以此方式可以减小颗粒过滤器的热质量并且可以减小排气背压并且与具有涂层的颗粒过滤器相比可以提高碳烟存储能力。由于较小的热质量和颗粒过滤器的靠近发动机的位置,还使颗粒过滤器的再生温度容易达到。
按照本发明的优选的和有利的实施方式规定,废气燃烧器能以可变的燃烧空气比运行。由此,废气燃烧器可以补偿λ波动、尤其在内燃机的冷启动阶段中的以低于化学计量的λ运行,并且因此提供废气燃烧器的高温燃烧气体的导入点下游的按化学计量的废气。
在此特别有利的是,在废气燃烧器的导入点的下游调节按化学计量的废气。由于按化学计量的废气,在位于导入点下游的三效催化转化器处可以进行特别高效的废气后处理。
按照本发明的优选和有利的实施方式规定,所述内燃机具有用于将二次空气引入排气通道中的二次空气系统,其中,所述二次空气系统的导入点布置在内燃机的排气口处或者布置在排气口的下游并且在颗粒过滤器的上游。在这种情况下,二次空气被吹入内燃机的热的出口通道中,其中,未燃烧的废气成分还在出口通道中与二次空气发生放热反应并且因此保证废气的加热。因此可以进一步缩短第一三效催化转化器达到其起燃温度的时间。此外,二次空气系统还可以用于实施颗粒过滤器的再生并且将再生所需的氧气引入颗粒过滤器上游的排气通道中。由此,在颗粒过滤器再生期间可以相应地调整内燃机的运行状态,从而不必为了颗粒过滤器的再生而以高于化学计量的燃烧空气比运行内燃机。
在本发明的有利的改进方案中规定,所述废气燃烧器的废气的导入点构造在颗粒过滤器的下游并且在第一三效催化转化器的上游。通过在颗粒过滤器下游并且在靠近发动机的第一三效催化转化器上游的导入点可以将该三效催化转化器特别迅速地加热至其起燃温度,因为为达到第一三效催化转化器的起燃温度,不需要一同加热另外的构件并且尤其不需要使靠近发动机的颗粒过滤器热透。
按照本发明的优选的实施方式规定,在颗粒过滤器上游的排气通道中布置有第一λ探针,并且在第一(靠近发动机的)三效催化转化器下游且在第二三效催化转化器上游的排气通道中布置有第二λ探针。由此可以用一对λ探针既进行内燃机的λ调节又进行可加热的三效催化转化器的车载诊断,因为不具有涂层的颗粒过滤器不影响λ调节。在此,第一λ探针优选设计为宽频λ探针,以便能够提供关于废气中的氧含量的定量说明。第二λ探针可以设计为跃变λ探针,以便降低成本并且因此提供关于废气中的氧气过量的定性说明。替代地,第二λ探针也可以设计为宽频探针,以便能够定量调节废气燃烧器的燃烧空气比。
按照本发明的优选的实施方式规定,在所述颗粒过滤器的上游布置有第一压力传感器并且在颗粒过滤器的下游并且优选在第一三效催化转化器的上游布置有第二压力传感器。由此可以用一对压力传感器实施颗粒过滤器上的压差测量,通过该压差测量可以确定颗粒过滤器的负荷状态。因此可以基于压差开始颗粒过滤器的再生。此外还可以实施颗粒过滤器的车载诊断。
按照本发明建议一种用于内燃机的废气后处理的方法,所述内燃机具有按照本发明的废气后处理系统,所述方法包括以下步骤:
-通过将废气燃烧器的热废气导入排气装置,将所述三效催化转化器中的至少一个加热至起燃温度,
-自内燃机的启动起,用内燃机的废气流加热颗粒过滤器、第一三效催化转化器和第二三效催化转化器。
通过按照本发明的方法可以将至少一个减排的废气后处理部件、尤其第一三效催化转化器在内燃机冷启动后迅速加热至起燃温度,由此实现有害的气体废气成分的高效的转化。此外还可以提高起催化转化作用的涂层的耐老化性,因为在内燃机的全负荷运行中,第一三效催化转化器不像布置在排气口紧邻下游的颗粒过滤器温度那么高。此外,通过靠近发动机的布置使颗粒过滤器的再生变得容易,并且避免了颗粒过滤器上起催化转化作用的涂层的缺点。
在废气后处理的方法的优选的实施方式中规定,在所述三效催化转化器之一或颗粒过滤器的加热阶段中,将二次空气引入排气侧的气缸盖中或排气口下游的且颗粒过滤器上游的排气通道中,以便通过未燃烧的燃料成分的放热转化辅助对催化转化器或颗粒过滤器的加热。通过吹入二次空气可以有助于通过废气燃烧器的热废气实现的热量输入,因为通过排气通道中的放热反应产生额外的热量,该额外的热量可以用于加热三效催化转化器和颗粒过滤器。
如果未单独地另作说明,本发明的在本申请中提到的各种实施方式能够有利地相互结合。
以下在实施例中根据附图阐述本发明。在此,相同的部件或具有相同功能的部件在不同的附图中用相同的附图标记表示。在附图中:
图1示出具有按照本发明的废气后处理系统的内燃机的第一实施例;
图2示出具有按照本发明的废气后处理系统的内燃机的另外的实施例,其中,该废气后处理系统还具有用于将新鲜空气引入排气装置中的二次空气系统;
图3示出具有按照本发明的废气后处理系统的内燃机的另外的实施例,其中,废气燃烧器布置在第一三效催化转化器的下游并且在第二三效催化转化器的上游;和
图4示出在实施按照本发明的废气后处理的方法时排气装置中的温度变化走向的图表。
图1示出内燃机10的示意图,内燃机10的排气口12与排气装置20连接。内燃机10设计为汽油发动机,其借助于火花塞16外源点火并且具有多个燃烧室14。内燃机10优选设计为通过废气涡轮增压器30增压的内燃机10,其中,废气涡轮增压器30的涡轮机32布置在排气口12的下游并且在减排的第一废气后处理部件、尤其颗粒过滤器24的上游。排气装置20包括排气通道22,在排气通道22中沿废气流过排气通道22的流动方向布置有颗粒过滤器24,在颗粒过滤器24的下游布置有第一三效催化转化器26,并且在更远的下游布置有第二三效催化转化器28。在此,颗粒过滤器24和第一三效催化转化器26优选分别靠近发动机布置,也就是说具有自内燃机10的排气口12起的小于80cm、尤其小于50cm废气行程的距离。第二三效催化转化器28优选布置在机动车的底板位置中并且因此远离发动机布置,也就是说具有自内燃机的排气口12起的大于100cm废气行程的距离。在颗粒过滤器24的下游并且在第一三效催化转化器26的上游设置有用于废气燃烧器34的热废气的导入点38,通过该导入点38可以不依赖于内燃机10的工况加热布置在导入点38下游的第一三效催化转化器26。
在排气装置20中还可以布置另外的催化转化器、尤其另外的三效催化转化器、NOx存储催化器或用于选择性催化还原氮氧化物的催化转化器。在颗粒过滤器24上游的排气通道22中布置有第一λ探针50,通过第一λ探针50可以确定在排气口12下游的并且在第一废气后处理部件即颗粒过滤器24上游的废气的氧含量λ1
在第一三效催化转化器26的下游并且在第二三效催化转化器28的上游的排气通道22中布置有第二λ探针52,通过第二λ探针52可以确定在第一三效催化转化器26下游的并且在第二三效催化转化器28上游的排气通道22中的氧含量λ2。第一λ探针50优选设计为宽频λ探针并且通过第一信号线60与内燃机10的控制器36连接。第二λ探针52优选设计为跳跃探针并且通过第二信号线62与控制器36连接。在此,第一λ探针50和第二λ探针52构成传感器装置,通过该传感器装置可以调节内燃机10的燃烧空气比λ。此外,通过该传感器装置还可以进行第一三效催化转化器26的车载诊断。
废气燃烧器34可以通过二次空气系统40被供以新鲜空气并且可以通过内燃机10的燃料系统或单独的燃料泵被供以燃料。在此,二次空气系统40包括二次空气泵46,二次空气泵46经由二次空气管路44与废气燃烧器34连接。在二次空气管路44中布置有二次空气阀48,通过该二次空气阀可以建立和中断向废气燃烧器34的空气输送。此外,在颗粒过滤器24的上游和下游设置有压力传感器56、58,通过压力传感器56、58可以实施颗粒过滤器24上的压差测量,该压差测量用于确定颗粒过滤器24的负荷状态。此外还可以通过压力传感器56、58对颗粒过滤器24进行车载诊断。
在图2中示出具有废气后处理系统的内燃机的另外的实施例。在设计得与图1大致相同的结构中,二次空气系统40具有另外的二次空气管路64,另外的二次空气管路64将二次空气泵46与内燃机10的排气侧的气缸盖18处的导入点42连接。在另外的二次空气管路64中布置有另外的二次空气阀66,以便能够将二次空气引入尽可能热的废气中并且因此促进与未燃烧的燃料成分的放热反应。替代地,导入点42也可以构造在颗粒过滤器24上游的部位上,从而颗粒过滤器24和布置在颗粒过滤器24下游的三效催化转化器26、28可以被供以二次空气。
在内燃机10的运行中,内燃机10的废气通过颗粒过滤器24、靠近发动机的第一三效催化转化器26和底板位置中的第二三效催化转化器28,其中,包含在废气中的碳烟颗粒从废气流中过滤出并且有害的废气成分被转化为无害的废气成分。由于颗粒过滤器24和第一三效催化转化器26靠近发动机布置,在内燃机10冷启动之后可以特别迅速地加热至起燃温度,以便在冷启动后尽可能快地实现气体有害物质的高效的转化。在这种情况下,颗粒过滤器24优选设计为不具有涂层、尤其不含具有储氧能力的涂层。由此可以通过λ探针50、52对第一三效催化转化器26进行诊断。由于将颗粒过滤器24布置为废气后处理的第一部件,在内燃机10的全负荷运行中,第一三效催化转化器26不承受如此高的热负荷,从而可以减小第一三效催化转化器26的起催化作用的涂层的老化。
在图3中示出按照本发明的内燃机10的另外的实施例。在设计得与图2大致相同的结构中,用于废气燃烧器34的热废气的导入点38在该实施例中位于第一三效催化转化器26的下游并且在第二三效催化转化器28的上游。另外,在第二三效催化转化器28的下游设置有第三λ探针54,用于调节废气燃烧器34的燃烧空气比λΒ。在该实施例中,第二三效催化转化器28通过废气燃烧器34加热,并且因此在内燃机10冷启动后不久达到其起燃温度TLO。该实施例尤其在紧凑的发动机舱配置中是有用的,在这类发动机舱配置中,出于安装空间的原因,废气燃烧器34不能或仅能以相当大的额外耗费靠近发动机布置。
在图4中示出在按照本发明的废气后处理方法的过程中排气装置20的多个部位上的温度变化走向。在此,在第一曲线I中示出紧接颗粒过滤器24下游的温度T1。在第二曲线II中示出在废气燃烧器34启用的情况下第一三效催化转化器26处的温度T2。对此,温度T2在第一三效催化转化器26的构件中央得出。在此,内燃机10在启动时刻S启动,并且同时启动废气燃烧器34。在第一阶段<100>中,颗粒过滤器24和第一三效催化转化器26被内燃机10的废气流过并且被废气加热。并行地通过废气燃烧器34的热废气加热第一三效催化转化器26,其中,热量从废气燃烧器34基本上以对流的方式传递到第一三效催化转化器26上。如果第一三效催化转化器26已经达到其起燃温度TLO,则在第二阶段<110>中进行第一三效催化转化器26的由通过废气燃烧器34加热和化学加热构成的组合式加热,因为从该时刻起,未燃烧的废气成分可以在第一三效催化转化器26的起催化转化作用的表面上放热地转化。如果第一三效催化转化器26已经达到其工作温度,则关闭废气燃烧器34。在第三阶段<120>中,关闭废气燃烧器34,并且第一三效催化转化器26的温度通过未燃烧的燃料成分在第一三效催化转化器26的起催化转化作用的表面上的放热反应维持。然后在第四运行阶段<130>中,第一三效催化转化器26和颗粒过滤器24都达到了不再需要另外加热措施的温度。为了比较,在第三曲线中示出当在阶段<100>、<110>和<120>中均不启用废气燃烧器34的情况下第一三效催化转化器26的温度T3。
替代地,也可以在启动前阶段<90>中激活废气燃烧器34,使得第一催化转化器26已经在内燃机10的启动S时达到其起燃温度TLO或可以再次缩短加热阶段。
总之可以确定的是,通过按照本发明的废气后处理系统和描述的按照本发明的方法确保在所有行驶循环中都能达到颗粒过滤器的再生温度并且减小废气后处理系统的老化性能。
附图标记列表
10 内燃机
12 排气口
14 燃烧室
16 火花塞
18 气缸盖
20 排气装置
22 排气通道
24 颗粒过滤器
26 第一三效催化转化器
28 第二三效催化转化器
30 废气涡轮增压器
32 涡轮机
34 废气燃烧器
36 控制器
38 导入点
40 二次空气系统
42 导入点
44 二次空气管路
46 二次空气泵
48 二次空气阀
50 第一λ探针/宽频探针
52 第二λ探针/跳跃探针
54 第三λ探针
56 第一压力传感器
58 第二压力传感器
60 信号线
62 信号线
64 二次空气管路
66 二次空气阀
<90> 启动前阶段
<100> 内燃机的启动阶段
<110> 第二阶段
<120> 第三阶段
<130> 第四阶段
S 内燃机的启动
T 温度
T1 温度
T2 在废气燃烧器启用的情况下第一三效催化转化器处的温度
T3 在废气燃烧器停用的情况下第一三效催化转化器处的温度
TLO 可电加热的催化转化器的起燃温度
TREG 颗粒过滤器的再生温度

Claims (10)

1.一种用于内燃机(10)的废气后处理系统,所述内燃机(10)具有能与内燃机(10)的排气口(12)连接的排气装置(20),其中,所述排气装置(20)包括排气通道(22),在所述排气通道(22)中沿内燃机(10)的废气流过排气通道(22)的流动方向,靠近发动机布置有作为第一减排部件的颗粒过滤器(24),在所述颗粒过滤器(24)的下游同样在靠近发动机的位置布置有第一三效催化转化器(26)并且在所述第一三效催化转化器(26)的下游布置有另外的三效催化转化器(28),其特征在于,在颗粒过滤器(24)的下游设有废气燃烧器(34),通过所述废气燃烧器(34)能将用于加热所述三效催化转化器(26、28)中的至少一个的热废气导入排气装置(20)中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的废气后处理系统,其特征在于,所述颗粒过滤器(24)设计为不具有涂层和/或不具有储氧器。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的废气后处理系统,其特征在于,所述废气燃烧器(34)能以可变的燃烧空气比(λΒ)运行。
4.根据权利要求3所述的废气后处理系统,其特征在于,在所述废气燃烧器(34)的导入点(38)的下游调节按化学计量的废气(λ=1)。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的废气后处理系统,其特征在于,所述内燃机(10)具有用于将二次空气引入排气通道(22)中的二次空气系统(40),其中,所述二次空气系统(40)的导入点(42)布置在内燃机(10)的排气口(12)处或者布置在排气口(12)的下游并且在颗粒过滤器(24)的上游。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的废气后处理系统,其特征在于,所述废气燃烧器(34)的废气的导入点(38)构造在颗粒过滤器(24)的下游并且在第一三效催化转化器(26)的上游。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的废气后处理系统,其特征在于,在颗粒过滤器(24)上游的排气通道(22)中布置有第一λ探针(50),并且在第一三效催化转化器(26)下游且在第二三效催化转化器(28)上游的排气通道(22)中布置有第二λ探针(52)。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的废气后处理系统,其特征在于,在所述颗粒过滤器(24)的上游布置有第一压力传感器(56)并且在颗粒过滤器(24)的下游布置有第二压力传感器(58)。
9.一种对内燃机(10)进行废气后处理的方法,所述内燃机(10)具有根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的废气后处理系统,所述方法包括以下步骤:
-通过将废气燃烧器(34)的热废气导入排气装置(20),将所述三效催化转化器(26、28)中的至少一个加热至起燃温度(TLO);
-自内燃机(10)的启动起,用内燃机(10)的废气流加热颗粒过滤器(24)、第一三效催化转化器(26)和第二三效催化转化器(28)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的废气后处理的方法,其特征在于,在所述三效催化转化器(26、28)之一或颗粒过滤器(24)的加热阶段中,将二次空气引入排气侧的气缸盖(18)中或排气口(12)下游的且颗粒过滤器(24)上游的排气通道(22)中,以便通过放热转化未燃烧的燃料成分辅助对催化转化器(26、28)或颗粒过滤器(24)的加热。
CN201880048180.7A 2017-08-10 2018-08-09 废气后处理系统和对内燃机进行废气后处理的方法 Pending CN110945220A (zh)

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WO2019030315A1 (de) 2019-02-14
DE102017118215A1 (de) 2019-02-14

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