CN110937949B

CN110937949B - Organic fertilizer produced by subcritical water technology and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN110937949B
Application number: CN201911407150.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨俊�; 丁增权
Original assignee: Kunshan Shangwei Environmental Protection Biotechnology Co ltd
Current assignee: Shangwei Ecological Technology Co.,Ltd.
Priority date: 2019-12-31
Filing date: 2019-12-31
Publication date: 2022-04-19
Anticipated expiration: 2039-12-31
Also published as: CN110937949A

Abstract

The invention discloses an organic fertilizer produced by a subcritical water technology, which comprises semi-cracked rice hulls and raw materials treated by the subcritical water technology, wherein the raw materials treated by the subcritical water technology comprise rice bran, oil residues, molasses and seawater, and the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-8 parts of rice husk, 20-40 parts of rice bran, 20-40 parts of oil residue, 5-15 parts of molasses and 1000 parts of sea water, wherein the semi-cracked rice husk with the shell cavity is provided with an opening communicated with the shell cavity, and the shell cavity can be filled with solid substances obtained after the raw materials are treated by the subcritical water technology. The amino acid is obtained by utilizing natural raw materials through pyrolysis, the raw materials have wide sources, are convenient to collect, are suitable for large-scale production, have no pollution in the whole process, retain the original biological activity of the amino acid, and can be used as a fertilizer and a feed; after the solid base fertilizer is mixed with the rice hulls, the air permeability and the permeability of the fertilizer are improved, the internal overheating excessive decomposition of the fertilizer is prevented, the fertility is prevented from being lost, and part of the solid base fertilizer is positioned in a rice hull cavity and can slowly release the fertilizer effect.

Description

Organic fertilizer produced by subcritical water technology and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural fertilizers, in particular to an organic fertilizer produced by a subcritical water technology and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The fertilizer varieties in China mainly comprise inorganic fertilizers, and are applied in large quantities for a long time, so four major problems are inevitably generated, namely low fertilizer utilization rate and serious economic loss; secondly, the soil structure is damaged, soil hardening is caused, and the soil fertility level is reduced; thirdly, the environment is polluted, and the fertilizer is applied to soil to generate nitrate and nitrite due to the nitrification and denitrification, so that soil and water sources are polluted, and the health of people and livestock is influenced; fourthly, the stress resistance of the plants is reduced, the quality of the product is influenced, and the residual quantity of harmful substances in the product is too high.

The amino acid fertilizer contains various nutrient components, has complete nutrients and high activity, has multiple functions, (1) can promote photosynthesis of plants, (2) has good multiple amino acid mixing effect, (3) has quick fertilizer effect, (4) improves crop quality, (5) is clean and pollution-free, improves ecological environment, (6) has developed root system and strong absorption capacity, and (7) improves yield.

At present, most of amino acid fertilizers are obtained by acidifying, hydrolyzing and even fermenting marine product leftovers, animal hair, animal excrement and the like, so that raw materials are collected unchanged, large-scale production is not facilitated, partial amino acid bioactivity can be damaged, and even certain environmental pollution is brought.

At present, the conventional organic fertilizer fermentation technology adopts a traditional composting mode, the decomposition period is 80-90 days, the production process period is long, the decomposition is incomplete, the smell is large, three wastes are generated in the production process, and secondary pollution is caused to the environment.

Subcritical water refers to compressed liquid water with the temperature of 180-350 ℃, and H in water⁺And OH^-The catalyst is close to weak acid and weak base, has acid catalysis and base catalysis functions, greatly reduces the dielectric constant, has super ionization characteristics, reduces the polarity, has super dissolution characteristics of simultaneously dissolving organic matters and inorganic matters, and also has the advantages of excellent mass transfer performance and environmental protection. The subcritical water can be used for decomposing cellulose, lignin, starch and grease in the raw materials, so that macromolecular substances are degraded into organic matters such as micromolecular fatty acid, protein, amino acid, polypeptide, oligosaccharide and the like which are easy to utilize by crops, and therefore, the raw materials treated by the subcritical water technology have better fertilizer efficiency and higher activity.

Therefore, it is necessary to provide a further solution to the above problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an organic fertilizer produced by a subcritical water technology, so as to overcome the defects in the prior art.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the organic fertilizer produced by the subcritical water technology is characterized by comprising semi-cracked rice hulls and raw materials treated by the subcritical water technology, wherein the raw materials treated by the subcritical water technology comprise rice bran, oil residues, molasses and seawater, and the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-8 parts of rice hulls, 20-40 parts of rice bran, 20-40 parts of oil residues, 5-15 parts of molasses and 1000 parts of sea water, wherein the semi-cracked rice hulls also keep the original semi-shell structure of the rice hulls, the semi-cracked rice hulls with shell cavities are provided with openings communicated with the shell cavities, solid substances obtained after the raw materials are treated by a subcritical water technology can fill the shell cavities, and the semi-cracked rice hulls also comprise 0.5-1 part of bacillus subtilis.

Preferably, the oil residue is rapeseed dregs or rapeseed cakes.

Preferably, the molasses is cane molasses.

Preferably, the rice bran is 30 parts.

Preferably, the oil residue is 30 parts.

Preferably, the molasses is 10 parts.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the organic fertilizer produced by the subcritical water technology, which comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing semi-cracked rice hulls:

1.1, the rice hull is maintained at 150-250 ℃ under anaerobic or anaerobic condition and reacts for 20-40 min;

(2) treating other raw materials by using a subcritical water technology:

2.1 mixing the rice bran, the oil residue, the molasses and the seawater according to the parts by weight;

2.2, the raw materials mixed in the step 2.1 are kept at 230-250 ℃ and react for 1-2h under the pressure of 2.3-2.7MPa to obtain a solid-liquid mixture A;

2.3 centrifuging the solid-liquid mixture A to obtain a solid mixture a and a liquid mixture b;

(3) mixing and pressing:

3.1, mixing the semi-cracked rice hulls prepared in the step 1 and the solid mixture a obtained by the subcritical water technical treatment in the step 2, and then pressing and forming.

Preferably, step 3.1 is carried out after mixing the solid mixture a obtained by the subcritical water technology treatment in step 2 with a certain weight part of bacillus subtilis.

Preferably, step 2.3 is performed after cooling the solid-liquid mixture A to 30 ℃ to 40 ℃.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the invention obtains amino acid by utilizing rice bran, oil residue, molasses and seawater through pyrolysis, has wide raw material source, convenient collection, suitability for large-scale production, no pollution in the whole process, and original amino acid bioactivity reserved, and can be used as fertilizer and feed.

(2) The solid-liquid two base fertilizers are produced through one-time reaction, can be directly matched for use, can also be directly applied as a liquid base fertilizer, the solid base fertilizer and the semi-cracked rice hulls are mixed and pressed, the semi-cracked rice hulls also keep the original semi-shell structures of the rice hulls and are provided with shell cavities, supports are provided inside the solid base fertilizer and certain pore structures are generated, the air permeability and the permeability of the fertilizer are improved, the internal overheating and excessive decomposition of the fertilizer are prevented, the fertility is lost, and part of the solid base fertilizer is positioned inside the rice hull cavities, so that the fertilizer effect can be slowly released.

(3) The method utilizes the waste rice hulls to carry out certain treatment on the rice hulls, accelerates the returning degradation performance of the rice hulls, and avoids generating harmful bacteria to influence rhizosphere soil.

(4) The invention adopts pure natural plant raw materials, can improve the soil environment and the stress resistance of crops after being applied, has no pollution to the environment, does not have harmful substance residue on the surfaces of the crops, realizes the recycling of wastes and is beneficial to green agricultural production.

(5) The invention adopts subcritical water technology to treat raw materials, is different from the traditional organic fertilizer production process in long period, incomplete decomposition and large smell, realizes short production period, complete decomposition and no peculiar smell, improves the fertilizer quality, does not generate three wastes in the production process, does not generate secondary pollution, and has more environment-friendly production process.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the production process of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The disclosure may be understood more readily by reference to the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention and the examples included therein. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control. The term "prepared from …" as used herein is synonymous with "comprising". The terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having," "contains," "containing," or any other variation thereof, as used herein, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, process, method, article, or apparatus.

The conjunction "consisting of …" excludes any unspecified elements, steps or components. If used in a claim, the phrase is intended to claim as closed, meaning that it does not contain materials other than those described, except for the conventional impurities associated therewith. When the phrase "consisting of …" appears in a clause of the subject matter of the claims rather than immediately after the subject matter, it defines only the elements described in the clause; other elements are not excluded from the claims as a whole.

When an amount, concentration, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, preferred range, or as a range of upper preferable values and lower preferable values, this is to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of any upper range limit or preferred value and any lower range limit or preferred value, regardless of whether ranges are separately disclosed. For example, when a range of "1 to 5" is disclosed, the described range should be interpreted to include the ranges "1 to 4", "1 to 3", "1 to 2 and 4 to 5", "1 to 3 and 5", and the like. When a range of values is described herein, unless otherwise stated, the range is intended to include the endpoints thereof and all integers and fractions within the range.

The singular forms "a", "an" and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. "optional" or "any" means that the subsequently described event or events may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where the event occurs and instances where it does not.

Approximating language, as used herein throughout the specification and claims, is intended to modify a quantity, such that the invention is not limited to the specific quantity, but includes portions that are literally received for modification without substantial change in the basic function to which the invention is related. Accordingly, the use of "about" to modify a numerical value means that the invention is not limited to the precise value. In some instances, the approximating language may correspond to the precision of an instrument for measuring the value. In the present description and claims, range limitations may be combined and/or interchanged, including all sub-ranges contained therein if not otherwise stated.

In addition, the indefinite articles "a" and "an" preceding an element or component of the invention are not intended to limit the number requirement (i.e., the number of occurrences) of the element or component. Thus, "a" or "an" should be read to include one or at least one, and the singular form of an element or component also includes the plural unless the number clearly indicates the singular.

Example 1:

the preparation of the organic fertilizer produced by the subcritical water technology comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing semi-cracked rice hulls:

1.1, 7 parts of rice hulls are kept at 200 ℃ under anaerobic or anaerobic condition for reaction for 30 min.

The rice hulls contain mainly cellulose and lignin, as well as small amounts of fat and protein. Upon heating, moisture first evaporates at 105 ℃, and both structural changes and weight loss are small until the temperature reaches 200 ℃. Research shows that cellulose begins to soften at 200-400 ℃ and decomposes at 240-350 ℃ to generate volatile substances; the decomposition temperature of lignin is relatively wide, the lignin begins to soften at the temperature below 200 ℃, the decomposition mainly occurs at 280-500 ℃, and most of the lignin is decomposed into carbon. In the embodiment, the reaction temperature of the rice husk is 200 ℃, the rice husk is only softened, the structure of the husk cavity is basically kept unchanged, and a certain organic matter is generated, so that the rice husk is mixed with a subsequent base fertilizer, a support is provided in the solid base fertilizer, a certain pore structure is generated, the air permeability and the permeation and release performance of the fertilizer are improved, the internal overheating and excessive decay of the fertilizer are prevented, harmful bacteria are generated, the rhizosphere soil is influenced, and part of the solid base fertilizer is located in the rice husk cavity, so that the fertilizer efficiency can be slowly released.

(2) Treating other raw materials by using a subcritical water technology:

2.1 mixing 30 parts of rice bran, 30 parts of oil residue and 930 parts of molasses with sea water;

2.2, the raw materials mixed in the step 2.1 are kept at 230-250 ℃ and react for 1 hour under the pressure of 2.3-2.7MPa to obtain a solid-liquid mixture A;

specifically, as shown in fig. 1, referring to the use of the device, the steps are as follows:

firstly, the actual production formula is calculated according to the loss and the size of a preparation kettle by referring to the formula amount.

Checking whether the relevant valve is correctly opened or closed and whether the instrument and the motor work normally.

Pumping the seawater into the cracking furnace according to the actual production formula, and starting stirring after the pumping is finished.

And fourthly, sequentially putting the rice bran, the oil residue and the molasses into the cracking furnace, and continuing to stir for 10-15min after the feeding is finished until the materials are uniformly mixed.

Setting the temperature of the cracking furnace to 230-250 deg.c and pressure to 2.3-2.7MPa, and high temperature and high pressure cracking for 1 hr.

Cracking the raw material at high temperature in a cracking furnace to decompose the raw material into fine particles with the particle size of 0.5-5 mm.

Sixthly, pumping the solid-liquid mixture A after the reaction into a centrifugal machine for solid-liquid separation, filtering solid particles with the particle size of more than 1mm, and obtaining the solid mixture a, the liquid mixture b from 10kg to 15kg and 1000kg according to multiple experimental data. The liquid mixture b can be used as a mixed feed raw material or directly used, the mixed feed raw material is pumped into a storage tank for storage, and the solid mixture a is mixed with the semi-cracked rice hulls in the next step.

And seventhly, sampling and analyzing.

And if the analysis is unqualified, reworking according to the result of the analysis report until the analysis is qualified.

And if the analysis is qualified, carrying out the next procedure.

(3) Mixing and pressing:

In a preferred embodiment, step 3.1 is performed after mixing the solid mixture a obtained by the subcritical water technology treatment in step 2 with 0.5-1 part of bacillus subtilis.

The bacillus subtilis is a bacterium of bacillus, is a gram-positive aerobe, is generally present in soil and plant body surface, and has obvious inhibition effect on pathogenic bacteria or pathogenic bacteria conditioned by endogenous infection due to active substances such as subtilin, polymyxin, nystatin, gramicidin and the like generated in the growth process of the bacillus subtilis. The bacillus subtilis can be colonized at the rhizosphere or in vivo of crops, so that the soil fertility is improved, the utilization rate of a chemical fertilizer is improved, the absorption of nitrate nitrogen, heavy metals and pesticides by the crops is inhibited, the soil is purified and repaired, the occurrence of crop diseases is reduced, and the decomposition utilization of crop straws and municipal waste is promoted.

In order to improve the solid-liquid separation effect and avoid the damage of high temperature to the activity of the subsequently added bacillus subtilis, the solid-liquid mixture A is preferably cooled to 30-40 ℃ and then centrifuged.

It should be noted that the solid-liquid mixture a is obtained by subcritical water treatment technology, specifically, subcritical water treatment equipment is: independent, the cracking furnace that can split and obtain 3 tons of products, liquid head tank, water storage tank pass through the pipe connection pump, reconnect to the cracking furnace feed inlet, and the cracking furnace admission valve is connected to the gas heating boiler, and deodorizing device and dust collector are connected gradually to the cracking furnace discharge valve, and centrifuge is connected to the cracking furnace discharge gate, intelligent control platform connect respectively cracking furnace, pump, gas heating boiler, centrifuge.

When the organic waste is actually treated, a plurality of cracking furnaces can be connected in parallel according to the increase of the treatment capacity.

The raw materials are put into a cracking furnace, the reaction time, the temperature and the pressure are set, and a gas heating boiler is arranged to supply heat to the cracking furnace. The cracking furnace is sealed during working, and temperature and pressure are prevented from leaking. After the reaction is finished, the waste gas discharged through the exhaust valve is discharged to the air after passing through the deodorization device and the dust removal device in sequence.

The reaction temperature and pressure set in the subcritical water treatment in the invention are respectively 230-250 ℃ and 2.3-2.7Mpa, and the reaction time is 1 h.

Example 2:

(1) preparing semi-cracked rice hulls:

1.1 5 parts of rice husk are reacted for 20min under the anaerobic or anaerobic condition and the temperature is maintained at 250 ℃.

Specifically, the rice hull can be heated to 250 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-10 ℃/min under anaerobic or anaerobic conditions and maintained for 20 min.

(2) Treating other raw materials by using a subcritical water technology:

2.1 mixing 20 parts of rice bran, 20 parts of oil residue, 5 parts of molasses and 800 parts of seawater, wherein in the embodiment, the oil residue specifically adopts rapeseed dregs, and the molasses specifically adopts cane molasses.

2.2 keeping the raw materials mixed in the step 2.1 at 230-250 ℃ and reacting for 1.5h under the pressure of 2.3-2.7MPa to obtain a solid-liquid mixture A.

The solid-liquid mixture A contains a large amount of amino acid, the amino acid is obtained by utilizing rice bran, rapeseed dregs, cane molasses and seawater through pyrolysis, the raw material source is wide, the collection is convenient, the method is suitable for large-scale production, the whole process is pollution-free, the original biological activity of the amino acid is reserved, and the amino acid can be used as a fertilizer and a feed.

2.3 centrifuging the solid-liquid mixture A to obtain a solid mixture a and a liquid mixture b.

According to the requirement, the liquid mixture b is prepared into functional feed and fertilizer, and the solid mixture a is prepared into common organic fertilizer and biological organic fertilizer or special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer according to different soil and crop conditions.

The liquid feed is mixed with common feed or water to feed the cattle, so that the gastrointestinal absorption function of the cattle can be improved, and the immunity of the cattle can be improved; the milk yield of the dairy cow can be improved, the milk yield period can be prolonged, and the slaughtering period of the beef cattle can be shortened. The poultry and livestock can improve the gastrointestinal absorption function after being used, and the excrement has no odor; improving the resistance of poultry and livestock and preventing diseases.

The liquid fertilizer is matched with the organic fertilizer, so that the stress resistance of crops can be improved, the soil environment can be improved, and the environment can be protected.

(3) Mixing and pressing:

3.1, mixing the semi-cracked rice hulls prepared in the step 1 and the solid mixture a obtained by the subcritical water technical treatment in the step 2, and then pressing and forming. The semi-cracking rice husk also keeps the original shell cavity structure of the rice husk, a certain pore structure is provided and supported in the solid base fertilizer, the air permeability and the permeability of the fertilizer are improved, the internal overheating excessive decomposition of the fertilizer is prevented, the fertility is lost, and part of the solid base fertilizer is in the shell cavity of the rice husk and can slowly release the fertilizer effect.

The other steps are the same.

Example 3:

(1) preparing semi-cracked rice hulls:

1.1, 8 parts of rice hulls are reacted for 40min under the anaerobic or anaerobic condition and the temperature is maintained at 150 ℃;

(2) treating other raw materials by using a subcritical water technology:

2.1 mixing 40 parts of rice bran, 40 parts of oil residue, 15 parts of molasses and 1000 parts of seawater, wherein in the embodiment, the oil residue specifically adopts rapeseed cakes, and the molasses specifically adopts cane molasses.

2.2, the raw materials mixed in the step 2.1 are kept at 230-250 ℃ and react for 2h under the pressure of 2.3-2.7MPa to obtain a solid-liquid mixture A;

(3) mixing and pressing:

It is understood that the solid mixture a is dried and pulverized before mixing and pressing.

In conclusion, the amino acid is obtained by utilizing natural raw materials through pyrolysis, the raw materials have wide sources, are convenient to collect, are suitable for large-scale production, have no pollution in the whole process, retain the original biological activity of the amino acid, and can be used as a fertilizer and a feed; and further mix with the semi-schizolysis rice husk, through the shell cavity structure of rice husk, provide the support and produce certain pore structure inside solid-state base fertilizer, improve fertilizer gas permeability, thoroughly release the nature, prevent that the inside overheated excessive corruption of fertilizer from losing the fertility to partial solid base fertilizer is in the inside in rice husk shell cavity, can slowly release the fertilizer efficiency.

It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

Claims

1. The organic fertilizer produced by the subcritical water technology is characterized by comprising semi-cracked rice hulls and raw materials treated by the subcritical water technology, wherein the raw materials treated by the subcritical water technology comprise rice bran, oil residues, molasses and seawater, and the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-8 parts of rice hulls, 20-40 parts of rice bran, 20-40 parts of oil residues, 5-15 parts of molasses and 1000 parts of sea water, wherein the semi-cracked rice hulls keep the original semi-shell structure of the rice hulls, the semi-cracked rice hulls with shell cavities are provided with openings communicated with the shell cavities, solid matters obtained after the raw materials are treated by a subcritical water technology can fill the shell cavities, and the organic fertilizer further comprises 0.5-1 part by weight of bacillus subtilis;

the method for preparing the semi-cracked rice hulls is as follows: the rice hull is maintained at 150-250 ℃ under anaerobic or anaerobic condition and reacts for 20-40 min.

2. The organic fertilizer produced by the subcritical water technology according to claim 1, wherein the oil residue is rapeseed meal or rapeseed cake.

3. The organic fertilizer produced by the subcritical water technology according to claim 1, wherein the molasses is cane molasses.

4. The organic fertilizer produced by the subcritical water technology according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the rice bran is 30 parts.

5. The organic fertilizer produced by the subcritical water technology according to claim 1, wherein the oil residue is 30 parts.

6. The organic fertilizer produced by the subcritical water technology according to claim 1, wherein the molasses comprises 10 parts.

7. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer produced by the subcritical water technology according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) treating other raw materials by using a subcritical water technology:

1.1 mixing rice bran, oil residue, molasses and seawater according to parts by weight;

1.2, maintaining the raw materials mixed in the step 1.1 at 230-250 ℃ and reacting for 1-2h under the pressure of 2.3-2.7MPa to obtain a solid-liquid mixture A;

1.3 centrifuging the solid-liquid mixture A to obtain a solid mixture a and a liquid mixture b, and mixing the obtained solid mixture a with a certain weight part of bacillus subtilis;

(2) mixing and pressing:

2.1 mixing the semi-cracked rice hulls obtained by preparation and the solid mixture a obtained in the step 1.3 with bacillus subtilis, and pressing and forming.

8. The method for preparing an organic fertilizer by the subcritical water technology according to claim 7, wherein step 1.3 is performed after cooling solid-liquid mixture A to 30 ℃ -40 ℃.