CN110936680A - 一种用于钛/碳钢双金属复合的中间合金及复合工艺 - Google Patents
一种用于钛/碳钢双金属复合的中间合金及复合工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于钛/碳钢双金属复合的中间合金及复合工艺,该复合材料由钛、碳钢和中间合金复合而成。中间合金采用高熵合金,高熵合金由以下五种金属元素按原子百分比组成,Ga:5‑35%,Cu:5‑35%,Zn:5‑35%,Mn:5%‑35%,Fe:5%‑35%,采用机械合金化的方法制备。本发明的中间合金制备方法简单,复合温度低,适应性广,得到的钛/碳钢双金属复合材料冶金结合强度高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于双金属复合材料技术领域,涉及一种用于钛/碳钢双金属复合工艺及中间的高熵合金材料。
背景技术
以钛或钛合金为覆材,碳钢为基材的钛/碳钢复合板,不仅具备覆层材料的耐蚀性,同时还具备基层材料的高强度,减少贵重金属钛的使用量,同时降低了材料的生产成本,在海洋工程材料及化工行业都有应用需求。在海洋工程中,钛/碳钢复合板能很好地满足海洋环境下的耐蚀要求,日本跨海大桥将钛/碳钢复合板应用到桥柱飞溅区。在火力发电站烟囱、卫星燃料喷注器、石油化工电解槽、海水淡化热交换器等领域均采用钛/碳钢复合板。随着各领域对钛/碳钢复合板需求量的不断提升,制备结合强度高、深加工性能良好的钛/碳钢复合板具有较大的应用价值。
目前,国内主要采用爆炸复合法生产钛/碳钢复合板,其工艺流程相对简单,但爆炸复合法存在生产效率低、复合板界面结合强度不高、结合强度不均匀等缺点。同时,在高速爆炸的撞击下界面易产生液相的快速凝固,导致缩孔、裂纹和气孔等界面缺陷,使其无法生产厚度较薄、宽幅较大的钛/碳钢复合板。采用中间合金复合技术,可将强度、熔点、热膨胀系数差异较大的金属冶金结合,形成金属层状复合板,使其具有不同金属的优异性能,满足不同环境的要求。
由于高熵效应、原子迟滞扩散效应、晶格畸变效应和鸡尾酒效应的综合作用,高熵合金更倾向于形成面心立方(FCC)、体心立方(BCC)或密排六方(HCP)等简单固溶体结构,高熵效应能有效抑制金属间化合物的形成,这些特点为提高钛/碳钢复合板的结合性能提供了新的可能。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于钛/碳钢双金属复合的中间合金及复合工艺,解决了目前常用的爆炸复合法存在的生产效率低、复合材料界面结合强度不高、结合强度不均匀等缺点
用于钛/碳钢双金属复合的中间合金为高熵合金,由以下五种组分按原子百分比组成,Ga:5-35%,Cu:5-35%,Zn:5-35%,Mn:5%-35%,Fe:5%-35%。
所述中间合金用于钛/碳钢双金属复合的工艺,由如下步骤组成:
步骤一:中间合金的制备:按照百分比称取高纯金属粉末,通过机械合金化制备中间合金;
步骤二:母材的准备:将钛和碳钢的表面进行机械打磨并清洗,去除表面的油污和杂质;
步骤三:钎焊:将中间合金钎料放在钛板和碳钢板之间,并用夹具固定,放置在氩气气氛中,加热至900-1100℃进行钎焊,保温1-2h,焊后继续通入氩气,直至冷却至300℃,取出后松开固定装置即得到钛/碳钢双金属复合材料。
所述机械合金化为:将称量好的金属粉末放入行星式球磨机的真空球磨罐中,并加入研磨球和正庚烷;球磨罐抽真空后充入氩气,然后安装在行星式球磨机上,球磨完成后将合金粉末真空烘干得到中间合金钎料;
所述的研磨球与金属粉的球料比为15∶1,正庚烷的质量占球料总质量的10%-20%。
所述球磨转速为300-500r/min,时间为45-72h。
本发明的有益效果是,用于钛/碳钢双金属复合的中间合金为高熵合金,用于钛和碳钢的复合时复合温度较低,不易形成脆性金属间化合物,结合强度较高;复合工艺简单,中间合金成分范围宽泛,对不同牌号的钛和碳钢的适应性好,便于推广。
附图说明
图1为钛与碳钢双金属复合夹具示意图;
图2为实施例1中间合金XRD测试结果;
具体实施方式
为了便于本领域技术人员理解,通过下面的实施例与附图作进一步详细描述,公开本发明的目的旨在保护本发明范围内的一切变化和改进,本发明并不局限下面的实施例。
本发明用于钛/碳钢双金属复合的中间合金为高熵合金,由以下组分按原子百分比组成,其中Ga为5-35%,Cu为5-35%,Zn为5-35%,Mn为5%-35%,Fe为5%-35%。
在本发明的高熵合金成分中,对各化学元素组成及含量限定理由分别叙述如下:
为了提高钛/碳钢复合板的结合性能,需要使焊缝金属化学成分处在形成高熵合金的主元含量范围。针对母材钛和碳钢的成分特点,中间合金选择Ga-Cu-Zn-Mn-Fe五组元高熵合金。
主要原因有:Cu、Zn元素与Ti元素有较好的相容性,Mn元素可以与Fe元素无限互溶,同时加入Fe元素有助于进一步提高焊缝与碳钢的结合性能。通过在钎料中添加Ga元素,可有效降低钎料熔点,改善钎料活性,细化晶粒,提高结合性能。
本发明钛/碳钢双金属复合工艺,由如下步骤组成:
步骤一:中间合金的制备:按照百分比称取高纯金属粉末,将称量好的上述组分金属粉末放入行星式球磨机的不锈钢真空球磨罐中,球料比为15∶1,并加入正庚烷作为过程控制剂,正庚烷的质量占球料总质量的10%-20%,球磨转速为300-500r/min,时间为45-72h。
步骤二:母材的准备:将钛和碳钢的表面进行机械打磨并清洗,去除表面的油污和杂质;
步骤三:钎焊:将中间合金钎料放在钛板和碳钢板之间,并用夹具固定,放置在氩气气氛中,加热至900-1100℃进行钎焊,保温1-2h,焊后继续通入氩气,直至冷却至300℃,取出后松开固定装置即得到钛/碳钢双金属复合材料。
实施例1
用于钛/碳钢双金属复合的中间合金,由以下五种组分按原子百分比组成,Ga:20%,Cu:20%,Zn:20%,Mn:20%,Fe:20%。
具体复合工艺,由如下步骤组成:
(1)中间合金的制备:按照百分比称取高纯金属粉末,将称量好的上述组分金属粉末放入行星式球磨机的不锈钢真空球磨罐中,球料比为15∶1,并加入正庚烷作为过程控制剂,正庚烷的质量占球料总质量的10%,球磨转速为300r/min,时间为72h。
(2)母材的准备:对长50mm、宽20mm、厚2mm厚的TC4钛板与Q235低碳钢的表面进行机械打磨并清洗,去除表面的油污和杂质;
(3)钎焊:将中间合金钎料放在钛板和碳钢板之间,并用夹具固定,放置在流量为200mL/min的氩气气氛中,加热至900℃进行钎焊,保温1h,焊后继续通入氩气,直至冷却至300℃,取出后松开固定装置即得到钛/碳钢双金属复合材料。
复合板复合界面金属熔合性好,中间合金区无裂纹,组织从中心到两侧母材熔合线呈现梯度层状分布,中间合金相结构由FCC和BCC两相组成,抗拉强度为180.3MPa。
实施例2
用于钛/碳钢双金属复合的中间合金,由以下五种组分按原子百分比组成,Ga:5%,Cu:15%,Zn:35%,Mn:35%,Fe:10%。
具体复合工艺,由如下步骤组成:
(1)中间合金的制备:按照百分比称取高纯金属粉末,将称量好的上述组分金属粉末放入行星式球磨机的不锈钢真空球磨罐中,球料比为15∶1,并加入正庚烷作为过程控制剂,正庚烷的质量占球料总质量的10%,球磨转速为300r/min,时间为72h。
(2)母材的准备:对长50mm、宽20mm、厚2mm厚的TC4钛板与Q235低碳钢的表面进行机械打磨并清洗,去除表面的油污和杂质;
(3)钎焊:将中间合金钎料放在钛板和碳钢板之间,并用夹具固定,放置在流量为200mL/min的氩气气氛中,加热至900℃进行钎焊,保温1h,焊后继续通入氩气,直至冷却至300℃,取出后松开固定装置即得到钛/碳钢双金属复合材料。
复合板中间过渡区饱满,母材没有损坏,金属熔合性好,复合区无裂纹,组织从中心到两侧熔合线呈现梯度层状分布,相结构由FCC和BCC两相组成,获得焊接接头的抗拉强度为173.6MPa。
实施例3
用于钛/碳钢双金属复合的中间合金,由以下五种组分按原子百分比组成,Ga:5%,Cu:15%,Zn:35%,Mn:35%,Fe:10%。
具体复合工艺,由如下步骤组成:
(1)中间合金的制备:按照百分比称取高纯金属粉末,将称量好的上述组分金属粉末放入行星式球磨机的不锈钢真空球磨罐中,球料比为15∶1,并加入正庚烷作为过程控制剂,正庚烷的质量占球料总质量的10%,球磨转速为300r/min,时间为72h。
(2)母材的准备:对长50mm、宽20mm、厚2mm厚的TA2钛板与45钢的表面进行机械打磨并清洗,去除表面的油污和杂质;
(3)钎焊:将中间合金钎料放在钛板和碳钢板之间,并用夹具固定,放置在流量为200mL/min的氩气气氛中,加热至1000℃进行钎焊,保温1h,焊后继续通入氩气,直至冷却至300℃,取出后松开固定装置即得到钛/碳钢双金属复合材料。
复合板中间过渡区饱满,母材没有损坏,金属熔合性好,熔合区无裂纹,组织从中心到两侧母材熔合线呈现梯度层状分布,相结构由FCC和BCC两相组成,获得双金复合材料的结合强度为203.5MPa。
Claims (5)
1.一种用于钛/碳钢双金属复合的中间合金,其特征在于:该中间合金为高熵合金,由以下五种组分按原子百分比组成,Ga:5-35%,Cu:5-35%,Zn:5-35%,Mn:5%-35%,Fe:5%-35%。
2.根据权利要求1所述中间合金用于钛/碳钢双金属复合的工艺,其特征在于:由如下步骤组成:
步骤一:中间合金的制备:按照百分比称取高纯金属粉末,通过机械合金化制备中间合金;
步骤二:母材的准备:将钛和碳钢的表面进行机械打磨并清洗,去除表面的油污和杂质;
步骤三:钎焊:将中间合金钎料放在钛板和碳钢板之间,并用夹具固定,放置在氩气气氛中,加热至900-1100℃进行钎焊,保温1-2h,焊后继续通入氩气,直至冷却至300℃,取出后松开固定装置即得到钛/碳钢双金属复合材料。
3.根据权利2要求所述中间合金用于钛/碳钢双金属复合的工艺,其特征在于:所述机械合金化为:将称量好的金属粉末放入行星式球磨机的真空球磨罐中,并加入研磨球和正庚烷;球磨罐抽真空后充入氩气,然后安装在行星式球磨机上,球磨完成后将合金粉末真空烘干得到中间合金钎料。
4.根据权利3要求所述中间合金用于钛/碳钢双金属复合的工艺,其特征在于:所述的研磨球与金属粉的球料比为15∶1,正庚烷的质量占球料总质量的10%-20%。
5.根据权利3要求所述中间合金用于钛/碳钢双金属复合的工艺,其特征在于:所述球磨转速为300-500r/min,时间为45-72h。
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