CN110927632A - Frequency domain horizontal X-direction magnetic field component observation and data processing method - Google Patents
Frequency domain horizontal X-direction magnetic field component observation and data processing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for measuring horizontal X-direction magnetic field components of a frequency domain and simultaneously calculating the apparent resistivity of a whole area, which comprises the following steps: (1) at the approximationMeasuring frequency spectrum data of a horizontal X-direction magnetic field component in a frequency domain in an exploration area in the direction; (2) converting the frequency spectrum data of the horizontal X-direction magnetic field component into an actual measurement normalization function; (3) and finding out the point where the theoretical normalization function is equal to the actually measured normalization function by using the numerical value, and then acquiring the apparent resistivity of the whole area. And obtaining resistivity distribution data of the target stratum at the specific underground depth through frequency spectrum data processing and inversion. The invention only collects the magnetic field component in the horizontal X direction, and has convenient instrument arrangement, high construction efficiency and low engineering cost; the resolving power of the geological target in the horizontal direction is enhanced; solves the problem of the common phenomenon under the condition of complex landformTechnical difficulties of the conventional electromagnetic method; the method overcomes the defect that the long delay signal-to-noise ratio is lower than the short delay signal-to-noise ratio in the conventional time domain method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electromagnetic exploration of geological and underground mineral exploration such as petroleum, natural gas and unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, and particularly relates to a frequency domain horizontal X-direction magnetic field component observation and data processing method.
Background
The ground electromagnetic method is an electromagnetic exploration method which adopts an artificial source to emit an excitation signal and observes primary and induced electric field and magnetic field total fields in an exploration area so as to research the electrical structure characteristics of underground strata. The existing electromagnetic method has the technical defects of 'space observation blind area' and difficulty in finding apparent resistivity, and therefore, a novel field measurement and distribution mode of the magnetic field component in the horizontal X direction of the frequency domain ground is provided as shown in figure 1. The physical quantity measured directly or indirectly at the observation point (point P) is the magnetic field strength in the horizontal X-direction (i.e. in the direction parallel to the artificial emission source AB), denoted hx (f) (in nano-nt), where f is the observation frequency (in Hz). Compared with the prior related background art, the technical advantages of the invention are analyzed and described in detail in the section of specific implementation methods.
The field arrangement method adopted by the invention is shown in figure 1, AB is a grounded transmitting electric dipole, sinusoidal current is fed into the ground through a transmitter, the amplitude of the current intensity is I (unit ampere), and the dipole moment of the transmitting electric dipole is PEI.ab (in ampere meters)),is the receiving-transmitting distance (distance from the midpoint O to the receiving point P in meters), azimuth angleConnecting line for transmitting electric dipole central point O and measuring point P andthe angle between the transmitting electric dipoles AB. Hx (f) is the horizontal X-direction magnetic field component parallel to the emitting electric dipole. Typically the dot pitch of the dots (dots in figure 1) is between 2 and 100 metres. A plurality of measuring points are arranged along a straight line to form a two-dimensional section; a plurality of measuring points are arranged in a certain plane area to form a three-dimensional exploration surface. The measuring points are arranged onAzimuthal region, in generalThe transmitting-receiving distance r is 4000 to 10000 meters.
Generally, the frequency spectrum of the horizontal X-direction magnetic field component is obtained on all the measurement points frequency point by frequency point within a finite time range, namely: hx (Xi, Yi, ω j), i ═ 1.., M; j ═ 1.., N. M is the total number of measuring points actually observed on the ground, and N is the total number of frequency points observed on each measuring point. ω j is the circle frequency of the j-th frequency point: omegaj=2πfj. (Xi, Yi) is the plane coordinates of the ith measurement point.
In order to obtain the resistivity distribution data of the target stratum with the specific underground depth by processing and inverting the frequency spectrum data, the invention also provides a method for defining and calculating the apparent resistivity of the whole region based on the actually measured normalization function of the horizontal X-direction magnetic field component.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for observing frequency domain horizontal X direction magnetic field component and processing data, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art and comprises the following steps:
(1) the field data is collected by adopting an artificial source method and the arrangement mode shown in figure 1. The measuring points can be arranged along a straight line or in a certain range of plane areas. The selected measurement area approximately falls withinIn the direction of (1), usually takeDue to the fact thatThereby absolutely avoidingThe data processing can obtain stronger stability, and simultaneously, the maximization of both the amplitude of the magnetic field intensity and the signal-to-noise ratio of the data is ensured. The point distance is between 2 meters and 100 meters. The transmitting-receiving distance r is 4000 to 10000 meters.
(2) An independent magnetic probe for the magnetic field component in the horizontal X direction is arranged on each measuring point (for example, an induction coil (magnetic bar) which can indirectly convert the magnetic field component after measuring the induced electromotive force, a superconducting quantum interferometer for directly measuring the magnetic field component, and the like).
(3) The frequency spectrum of the horizontal X-direction magnetic field component is obtained on all measuring points in a frequency point by frequency point within a limited and short time range (for example, a time period of 1 day to 1 week required for oil field reservoir dynamic monitoring).
(4) The invention provides the 'whole-area' apparent resistivity based on the horizontal X-direction magnetic field component (Ohm-meters), which is implied in the following equation:
For the theoretical normalization function of the horizontal X-direction magnetic field component (the variable is kr):
for the measured normalization function of the horizontal X-direction magnetic field component (the variable is ω):
(5) The invention adopts a method (such as 'dichotomy') for solving a nonlinear equation in a numerical method to process the actually measured normalization function of the horizontal X-direction magnetic field component, namely, the 'whole-area' apparent resistivity is calculated in a mode of finding out the point where the actually measured normalization function and the theoretical normalization function of the horizontal X-direction magnetic field component are equal
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
(1) according to the field surveying mode shown in fig. 1, acquiring frequency domain horizontal X-direction magnetic field recording data, namely frequency spectrum Hx (Xi, Yi, ω j), i is 1. j ═ 1.., N;
(2) calculating the actually measured normalization function of the horizontal X-direction magnetic field component through the conversion processing of the formula (3)
(3) For actually measuredCalculating the "total zone" apparent resistivity ρ using a suitable numerical method (e.g., "dichotomy") of solving a nonlinear equationHAx(ω)。
The method provided by the invention only collects the magnetic field component in the horizontal X direction, so that the instrument layout is convenient, the construction efficiency is improved, the engineering cost is reduced, the signal-to-noise ratio is optimized, and the data processing is stable and reliable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a field layout mode of magnetic field components in the horizontal X direction of a frequency domain;
FIG. 2 is a "full field" apparent resistivity curve corresponding to the horizontal X-direction magnetic field component calculated by the present invention (This example N = 43);
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the resistivity distribution of the oil layer in the fireflood burned area obtained by the horizontal X-direction magnetic field component measurement technique in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached drawings. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some but not all of the relevant aspects of the present invention are shown in the drawings.
The embodiment provides an embodiment of a method for observing a magnetic field component in a horizontal X direction of a frequency domain and processing data, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, acquiring horizontal X-direction magnetic field recording data of a frequency domain acquired in the field, namely a frequency spectrum Hx (Xi, Yi, and ω j), wherein i is 1. j ═ 1.., N.
By adopting the arrangement mode shown in FIG. 1, an independent magnetic probe of the horizontal X-direction magnetic field component is arranged on each measuring point. In a limited and short time frame (e.g. 1 day to 1 week), on all stationsThe frequency spectrum of the horizontal X-direction magnetic field component is obtained from frequency point to frequency point. The selected measurement area approximately falls withinIn the direction of (1), in generalThe point distance is between 2 meters and 100 meters. The transmitting-receiving distance r is 4000 to 10000 meters.
Secondly, converting the frequency spectrum obtained by actual measurement into an actually measured normalization function of the horizontal X-direction magnetic field component
The method can be completed by adopting the formula (3).
Thirdly, actually measuring a normalization function of the horizontal X-direction magnetic field component, and calculating the 'whole-area' apparent resistivity of the corresponding stratum by adopting a numerical method for solving a nonlinear equation
The results of theoretical calculations and analysis show that: theoretical normalization functionThe relationship with the variable a ═ real (kr) (a is a real part of kr which is a frequency domain parameter) is monotonous, so that the "dichotomy" in the numerical method can be selected. The specific calculation procedure is as follows.
(1) Taking the initial two end points of the resistivity value as (i.e. defining the root separation interval of the solution)Ommi sumOhm-rice.
(2) Finding out the actually measured normalization function by the dichotomyAnd a theoretical normalization functionPoints of equal value (kr)s=nI.e. satisfy the equality conditionPoint (2) of (c).
(4) The specific calculation process of the 3 steps is repeated for j being 1, …, and N is circulated, so that the apparent resistivity of the whole region corresponding to the horizontal X-direction magnetic field component at all frequency points can be calculated
(5) By implementing the above 4-step specific calculation process on each measuring point (i is 1.., M cycles), the "full-area" apparent resistivity corresponding to the horizontal X-direction magnetic field component at all the measuring points can be calculated.
In order to verify the effectiveness of the method for calculating the apparent resistivity of the whole region, a theoretical one-dimensional laminar electrical model is set, and the parameters are as follows: 8 electrical layers, 1 st to 8 th layer resistivity 50, 10, 1000, 5, 200, 10, 100 and 10 ohm meters respectively, thickness 100, 500, 200 and 250 meters. The transmit-receive distance r is 8100 meters. The "full zone" apparent resistivity calculated for the theoretical model is shown in FIG. 2. The method is a curve with continuity, and keeps an approximate positive corresponding relation with the resistivity characteristics of the underground electric stratum (similar to an apparent resistivity curve of a Magnetotelluric (MT) method and finally has nothing to do with the transceiving distance and the azimuth angle). It has the main functions as follows: firstly, an initial model for inversion is convenient to construct; and secondly, the method can be used for constructing an objective function suitable for inversion, so that the inversion can be ensured to normally start and continue to be carried out and converge to a true solution.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) only the magnetic field component in the horizontal X direction is collected, instruments are conveniently arranged (especially in a survey area with complex terrain), the construction efficiency is high, and the construction difficulty and the construction cost of the project are reduced.
(2) The acquisition device is a magnetic probe. Magnetic probes (e.g., induction coils) are small in size and have better pinpoint ability to detect subsurface signals than methods that measure electric fields. The horizontal resolution of the engineered survey to the subsurface electrical target zone is improved with the smallest possible measurement point spacing (typically twice the length of the magnetic probe).
(3) Only the magnetic probes for collecting the magnetic field components in the horizontal X direction are arranged, so that the electromagnetic mutual inductance effect between signal transmission lines is reduced to the maximum extent, and the anti-interference capability and the signal-to-noise ratio of collected data are improved. If the magnetic probe is designed to be tightly integrated with the digitized signal acquisition board (type without signal transmission line), the signal-to-noise ratio can be further improved.
(4) The observation mode of the horizontal X-direction magnetic component is based on the characteristics of low cost and strong expansion capacity of a set of instruments and hardware (magnetic probes) and the like, so that the data acquisition of all measuring points of a measuring area in a synchronous or short period is feasible, and the time efficiency is high (the time efficiency is important for improving the accuracy of dynamic monitoring of an oil reservoir and can also meet other engineering requirements with short construction period). In general, by properly adapting the capacity of the instrument suite, all frequency point data at all survey points in the survey area can be obtained within a pre-specified limited short time frame (e.g., 1 day to 1 week).
(5) Compared with the electric field component in the conventional electromagnetic method, the accuracy of distinguishing the underground electric target layer is improved by the geometric depth measuring effect, the static displacement effect and the volume effect when the low frequency does not exist in the horizontal X-direction magnetic component.
(6) The formula of the horizontal X-direction magnetic component in a uniform half-space medium is simple, so that the definition and calculation of accurate but not approximate 'full-area' apparent resistivity are easy to realize and stable in calculation, and a foundation is laid for solving key technical difficulties in the subsequent data processing and inversion processes.
(7) The method solves the technical bottleneck of the conventional electromagnetic method adopted when geological structure investigation is carried out in complex terrain areas, cold freezing surfaces, dry desert areas and seabed. Compared with the conventional electromagnetic method in which the measurement of the electric field component is extremely difficult, the distribution of the measurement of the magnetic component in the horizontal X direction is simple and easy.
(8) The method can improve the precision of shallow geological structure investigation. A strong primary field is excited based on a high-power artificial source, so that the human electromagnetic interference can be suppressed to the maximum extent, and a high signal-to-noise ratio signal is obtained. The horizontal resolution capability of the underground electric target layer can be ensured due to the fixed point of the magnetic probe. The method can get rid of the dilemma of the conventional shallow geological survey pattern (due to the limitation of the method, the ground penetrating radar, the vertical magnetic field measurement method of the overlapped loop and the high-density electrical method have the defects of low signal-to-noise ratio and low resolution capability).
(9) And designing a magnetic probe: different lengths and different frequency (band frequency) characteristics are selected according to different depths of exploration targets. Generally, for shallow exploration targets: f 105~102Hz, the exploration depth is about several to 100 meters; for the middle layer exploration target: f 102~100Hz, the exploration depth is about 100-1000 m; for deep exploration targets: f 100~10-3Hz and the exploration depth is about 1000-5000 meters. Generally, the higher the frequency band, the shorter the magnetic probe length. On the premise of mature technology, a universal magnetic probe with a passband can be designed.
(10) The method used by the invention is a frequency domain method, adopts a frequency sweeping mode, and ensures the consistency of the signal-to-noise ratio of the data of each frequency point. The method overcomes the defect that the long delay signal-to-noise ratio is lower than the short delay signal-to-noise ratio in the conventional time domain method.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
the selected exploration area is a certain fire flooding oil production area in Xinjiang, the oil deposit burial depth is 310.5-328.5 m, and the block ignition has been carried out for two years. The borehole logging shows that the formation resistivity of the burnt area can be 10 times higher than that of the normal unburnt area, and the physical property foundation for performing dynamic monitoring of the fireflood by applying the method is formed.
Around the ignition well, net-shaped measuring points 811 are arranged in total in a mode shown in figure 1, the distance between the measuring points is 2m-5m, the magnetic component in the horizontal X direction is measured, the dipole distance of an AB pole is 2000m, the transmitting and receiving distance of the central point of the measuring area is 4000m, the current is 20A, the frequency range is 1000 Hz to 0.01 Hz, and the recording time is 60 minutes/point.
By applying the technology, the technical difficulties of low construction efficiency, long period, space observation blind area, incapability of meeting production requirements on the longitudinal and transverse resolution capability of a geological target layer, weak industrial electromagnetic interference resistance, incapability of acquiring the visual resistivity of the whole area, low data processing precision and the like in similar exploration areas in the conventional technology are overcome.
The 'whole-area' apparent resistivity is obtained through field measurement, normalized function conversion and dichotomy numerical fitting. And finally obtaining the three-dimensional space resistivity data volume of the measuring area by adopting a proper inversion method. And extracting resistivity data of the ignition layer section along the layer, drawing a high resistivity abnormal distribution plan (figure 3) around the ignition well, and determining the range of the burnt area according to the plan. The result also obtains the indirect verification of the production dynamic data and the digital-analog data, and then the data are used for production regulation and control in the subsequent fireflood development, thereby obtaining the expected oil recovery and yield increase effect.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for observing the magnetic field component in the horizontal X direction of a frequency domain and processing data is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining the horizontal X direction in the exploration area according to the specified method, and approximatingDetermining the azimuth range as a data measurement area;
step 2: measuring the frequency spectrum data of the horizontal X-direction magnetic field component of the frequency domain one by using a magnetic probe one by one and frequency point by one in a measurement region by using an artificial source electric dipole excitation frequency domain electromagnetic wave field;
and step 3: processing the actually measured horizontal X-direction magnetic field component frequency spectrum data into an actually measured normalization function through conversion;
and 4, step 4: and (3) searching out points with the same theoretical normalization function and the actually measured normalization function by adopting a numerical value dichotomy calculation method, and further acquiring the apparent resistivity of the whole measuring point in the exploration area.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: in step 1, the horizontal X-direction of the data measurement is defined as the direction parallel to the artificial emission source (AB).
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 1, the measuring points are arranged along a straight line or in a certain plane area, the point distance of the measuring points is between 2 meters and 100 meters, and the transceiving distance r is between 4000 meters and 10000 meters.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: in step 2, the measured data are: and (3) exciting a frequency domain signal by using an artificial source electric dipole, and measuring the frequency spectrum of the horizontal X-direction magnetic field component of the frequency domain one by using a magnetic probe one by one and one by one frequency point in a measurement region.
8. the method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 4, the numerical value "dichotomy" calculation method includes:
(2) finding out the actually measured normalization function by the dichotomyAnd a theoretical normalization functionPoints of equal value (kr)s=nI.e. satisfy the equality conditionA point of (a);
(5) And (3) circulating the specific calculation processes of 4 steps in the steps (1) to (4) for i to 1.
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CN115292660A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-11-04 | 中国自然资源航空物探遥感中心 | Adaptive iterative bit field separation method, system, equipment and computer readable storage medium |
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