CN103323883A - Near-field magnetic dipole source high-density geometric resistivity sounding method - Google Patents
Near-field magnetic dipole source high-density geometric resistivity sounding method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a near-field magnetic dipole source high-density geometric resistivity sounding method. The method comprises the steps that alternating currents with fixed frequency are provided for a closed coil to form a magnetic dipole, and the formed magnetic dipole is used as a field source; the magnetic dipole field source is used as a transmitting coil, a magnetic field measuring sensor is used as a receiving coil, the distance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil is changed to observe the secondary magnetic field vertical component of a near-field magnetic dipole source magnetic field, the apparent resistivity of a depth corresponding to the receiving and transmitting distance is obtained, at last, resistivity sounding is realized according to the method of inversion, and then the resistivity of mediums at different depths underground can be obtained. By means of the near-field magnetic dipole source high-density geometric resistivity sounding method, work can be carried out in work areas with complex terrain conveniently, a plurality of receiving coils can be used for receiving signals at the same time, and working efficiency is improved; the geometrical factor used for computing the magnetic field vertical component is only related to the receiving and transmitting distance and the layer thickness and is not related to the frequency at which a signal is transmitted, the computational formula is simple and sounding apparent resistivity is high in computing precision.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the electrical sounding exploration technology in the geophysical exploration method, particularly highdensity how much resistivity soundings in magnetic couple source, a kind of near field.
Background technology
Resistivity soun ding is being played the part of very important role in geophysical survey, it is used widely in fields such as ore exploration, engineering investigation and Evaluation of Geologic Hazards.
Conventional dc resistivity bathymetry is take the electrical property difference of subsurface rock as physical basis, and the regularity of distribution of the underground electric field that produces by the observation artificial source is obtained underground electrical structure and solved practically Geological Problems.Its evident characteristic needs exactly power supply and measures (receptions) electrode grounding, but in the desert, the work area inconvenience layout R-T unit of the ground connection difficulties such as the dam foundation, highway; And conventional dc resistivity probing method is all needing to lay wire between the transmitting electrode and between the potential electrode, and in work area with a varied topography, the folding and unfolding electric wire is usually very difficult, greatly reduces the efficient of field data collection, has brought inconvenience to field work.In addition, conventional dc resistivity bathymetry is along with the increase of transmitting-receiving distance, and exploration resolution can be linear and descend.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides highdensity how much resistivity soundings in magnetic couple source, a kind of near field, its purpose is, overcomes in the prior art conventional dc resistivity probing method in work area with a varied topography, folding and unfolding electric wire difficulty, operate constant, the problem that work efficiency is low.
Highdensity how much resistivity soundings in magnetic couple source, a kind of near field form magnetic dipole by the exchange current that fixed frequency is provided to closing coil, and with formed magnetic dipole as field source; Adopt magnetic dipole as transmitting coil, magnetic field probe is as receiving coil, observe the secondary magnetic field vertical component of magnetic couple source, near field electromagnetic field by the distance between change transmitting coil and the receiving coil, obtain the apparent resistivity with the corresponding degree of depth of reception and transmission range, utilize at last the method for inversion to realize resistivity sounding, namely try to achieve the resistivity of underground different depth place medium;
Described apparent resistivity refers to the secondary magnetic field vertical component of homogeneous half space model
Secondary magnetic field vertical component with layer-cake model
The ratio
Wherein, layer-cake model refers to regard ground as horizontal infinity plane, and is that horizontal layer distributes at the medium of below ground, and the medium in every one deck is isotropic medium all, and the secondary magnetic field vertical component is in the HORIZONTAL LAYERED MEDIUM WITH HIGH ACCURACY
Wherein, h
TiAnd h
BiBe respectively in the layer-cake model i layer top and bottom and divide the degree of depth that is clipped to earth surface, r is the distance between transmitting coil and the receiving coil;
Described
In, adopt the homogeneous half space model to refer to regard ground as horizontal infinity plane, below ground is full of even and isotropic conducting medium, and its secondary magnetic field vertical component is
Wherein, σ is the conductivity of medium, and μ is the magnetic permeability of medium, and ω is the angular frequency that transmits of transmitting coil, and M is the magnetic moment of transmitting coil, and r is the distance between transmitting coil and the receiving coil,
ρ is resistivity of media, ρ=1/ σ;
Suppose the electricalresistivityρ of homogeneous half space medium=1 Ω m, then:
The secondary magnetic field vertical component of layered medium and the secondary magnetic field vertical component of homogeneous half space are divided by, have:
Define an apparent resistivity ρ
z, make it satisfy following this equation:
The expression formula of apparent resistivity is:
Electricalresistivityρ in the setting homogeneous half space=1.
This apparent resistivity and frequency-independent, and only relevant with geometry factor, namely namely only relevant with the layer thickness of transmitting-receiving distance and each layer.
Before forming, field source according to geophysical method of the prior art, determines the survey line in zone to be measured.
The fixed frequency f that described closing coil provides satisfies following condition:
The described secondary magnetic field vertical component of observing magnetic couple source, near field electromagnetic field by the distance between change transmitting coil and the receiving coil obtains specifically to refer to the apparent resistivity of the corresponding degree of depth of reception and transmission range:
The line central point of fixed transmission coil and receiving coil changes the line distance between transmitting coil and the receiving coil line central point, obtains corresponding apparent resistivity;
Observe the secondary magnetic field vertical component of magnetic couple source, near field electromagnetic field by the distance of the line between change transmitting coil and the receiving coil line central point, obtain the apparent resistivity with the corresponding degree of depth of reception and transmission range, the point midway of line immobilizes when changing continuous distance, wherein, the distance between transmitting coil and the receiving coil is no more than the near region scope;
Described near region refers to electrical distance p＜＜1, p=r/ δ, wherein r be observation point to the distance at dipole source center, observation point is the position of receiving coil, the dipole source center is the position of transmitting coil, δ is skin depth,
σ is the conductivity of medium, and μ is the magnetic permeability of medium, and ω is the angular frequency that transmits of transmitting coil.
Beneficial effect
The invention provides highdensity how much resistivity soundings in magnetic couple source, a kind of near field, the field source of the method is magnetic dipole, receiving trap is Magnetic Sensor, so the system that transmits and receives does not need ground connection, having solved conventional DC detecting deep method needs to lay between electrode grounding and the transmitting-receiving problem of wire, be convenient to carry out the work in work area with a varied topography, and can receive signal with a plurality of receiving coils simultaneously, thereby increase work efficiency; Because the method is to measure the magnetic field of geoinduction, when changing, underground medium can significantly cause the variation of secondary field, thereby improved the vertically electrical resolution of depth measurement, effectively overcome conventional dc resistivity bathymetry along with the increase of transmitting-receiving distance, exploration resolution can be the linear shortcoming that descends; In addition, the geometry factor of calculating magnetic field vertical component, only with the transmitting-receiving distance relevant with layer thickness, and with the frequency-independent that transmits, its computing formula is easy, depth measurement computation of apparent resistivity precision is high.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is how much resistivity sounding R-T units of magnetic couple source, near field high density schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is vertical magnetic dipole illustraton of model on the HORIZONTAL LAYERED MEDIUM WITH HIGH ACCURACY earth's surface;
Fig. 3 is how much resistivity sounding field sources of magnetic couple source, near field high density schematic diagram that transmit;
Fig. 4 is two layer medium G type depth sounding with apparent resistivity curve map, wherein ρ
1=500, ρ
2/ ρ
1=20;
Fig. 5 is two layer medium D type depth sounding with apparent resistivity curve map, wherein ρ
1=5000, ρ
2/ ρ
1=1/20.
Embodiment
The present invention is described further below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Highdensity how much resistivity soundings in magnetic couple source, a kind of near field form magnetic dipole by the exchange current that fixed frequency is provided to closing coil, with the magnetic dipole that forms as field source; Adopt magnetic dipole as transmitting coil, magnetic field probe is as receiving coil, observe the secondary magnetic field vertical component of magnetic couple source, near field electromagnetic field by the distance between change transmitting coil and the receiving coil, obtain the apparent resistivity with the corresponding degree of depth of reception and transmission range, utilize at last the method for inversion to realize resistivity sounding, namely try to achieve the resistivity of underground different depth place medium; Described apparent resistivity refers to the secondary magnetic field vertical component of homogeneous half space model
Secondary magnetic field vertical component with layer-cake model
The ratio
Wherein, layer-cake model refers to regard ground as horizontal infinity plane, and is that horizontal layer distributes at the medium of below ground, and the medium in every one deck all is isotropic medium; The secondary magnetic field vertical component is in the HORIZONTAL LAYERED MEDIUM WITH HIGH ACCURACY
Q
iThe geometry factor of i layer medium in the expression layer-cake model,
k
iBe the wave number of electromagnetic wave by i layer medium, σ
iBe the conductivity of i layer medium, μ is the magnetic permeability of medium, and ω is the angular frequency that transmits of transmitting coil, and M is the magnetic moment of transmitting coil;
h
TiAnd h
BiBe respectively in the layer-cake model i layer top and bottom and divide the degree of depth that is clipped to earth surface, the layer thickness of i layer is H
i=h
Bi-h
Ti, r is the distance between transmitting coil and the receiving coil;
The homogeneous half space model refers to regard ground as horizontal infinity plane, and below ground is full of even and isotropic conducting medium, and its secondary magnetic field vertical component is
Wherein, σ is the conductivity of medium, and μ is the magnetic permeability of medium, and ω is the angular frequency that transmits of transmitting coil, and M is the magnetic moment of transmitting coil, and r is the distance between transmitting coil and the receiving coil,
ρ is resistivity of media, ρ=1/ σ;
Suppose the electricalresistivityρ of homogeneous half space medium=1 Ω m, then:
The ratio of the secondary magnetic field vertical component of layered medium and the secondary magnetic field vertical component of homogeneous half space is:
Define an apparent resistivity ρ
z, make it satisfy following this equation:
Then the expression formula of apparent resistivity is:
This apparent resistivity and frequency-independent, and only relevant with geometry factor, namely namely only relevant with the layer thickness of transmitting-receiving distance and each layer.
Utilize the present invention to carry out highdensity how much resistivity soundings in magnetic couple source, near field in this example, concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1: according to geophysical method of the prior art, determine the survey line in zone to be measured;
At first, requirement according to the task of reconnoitring, such as coverage of survey area, the degree of depth of reconnoitring etc., on the basis of known geology and geophysical exploration information, as surveying stratum, the geological structure information in district, with the reconnoiter achievement in before measurement district etc., analyze the information such as the possible trend of anomalous body, tendency, design one or several survey line, make the vertical as much as possible anomalous body trend of these surveys line, cover and survey the district.
In this example, adopt two kind two layer by layer the shape model be respectively layer by layer shape dielectric model (resistivity of second layer medium is greater than the resistivity of ground floor medium) and D type two shape dielectric model (resistivity of second layer medium is less than the resistivity of ground floor medium) layer by layer of G type two as zone to be measured.
The G type: frequency of operation uses 20Hz constant, and the resistivity of ground floor medium is taken as 500 Ω m, and the resistivity of second layer medium is taken as 10000 Ω m.Second layer dielectric thickness is got infinity, and the ground floor dielectric thickness has been got respectively 5m, 15m, 25m, 35m, 45m, six values of 55m.Transmitting-receiving is apart from span from 0～10000m.
The D type: frequency of operation uses 20Hz constant, and the resistivity of ground floor medium is taken as 5000 Ω m, and the resistivity of second layer medium is taken as 250 Ω m.Second layer dielectric thickness is got infinity, and the ground floor dielectric thickness has been got respectively 5m, 15m, 25m, 35m, 45m, six values of 55m.Transmitting-receiving is apart from span from 0～1000m.
Step 2: set transmitting coil and receiving coil;
Form magnetic dipole by the exchange current that fixed frequency is provided to closing coil, with the magnetic dipole that forms as field source; Adopt the magnetic dipole field source as transmitting coil, magnetic field probe is as receiving coil;
Field source will guarantee that all measuring points on the survey line all are in the near region in laying.
The intensity of each component of electromagnetic field arrives the relevant with the product of wave number k apart from r of center, magnetic dipole source with observation point, and wave number k
In comprised again medium electrically and the parameter such as frequency, and show with the form of skin depth δ.Obviously kr=(1+i) r/ δ makes p=r/ δ, is called " electrical distance " or " induction number ", and it is in fact that the observation point that represents take skin depth δ as unit is to the distance of field source.Therefore, we can by parameter p to the distance of distance field source, medium electrically and frequency do comprehensively unifiedly to consider, we
P＜＜1, namely the zone during electrical distance " closely " is called " near region ";
P〉〉 1, namely the zone during electrical distance " far " is called " far field " or " plane wave place ";
P ≈ 1 namely is called " transitional zone " or " mesozone " between the zone between the above two.
Because
" greatly " or " little " of induction number p be " far " or " closely " of place namely, not only arrives the distance dependent of field source with observation point, and relevant with the frequency of the conductivity of the earth and use.
As shown in Figure 1, be the highdensity how much resistivity sounding R-T unit schematic diagram in magnetic couple source, near field, wherein, T is transmitting coil, and R1, R2 are receiving coil.
As shown in Figure 2, be vertical magnetic dipole illustraton of model on the HORIZONTAL LAYERED MEDIUM WITH HIGH ACCURACY earth's surface, ρ 1, and ρ 2 ..., ρ n refer to respectively ground floor, the second layer ..., the true resistance rate of N layer.；
The line central point of fixed transmission coil and receiving coil changes the line distance between transmitting coil and the receiving coil central point, obtains corresponding apparent resistivity;
Observe the secondary magnetic field vertical component of magnetic couple source, near field electromagnetic field by the distance of the line between change transmitting coil and the receiving coil central point, obtain the apparent resistivity with the corresponding degree of depth of reception and transmission range, wherein, the distance between transmitting coil and the receiving coil is no more than the near region scope;
As shown in Figure 3, be the highdensity how much resistivity sounding field sources in magnetic couple source, the near field schematic diagram that transmits, wherein, horizontal ordinate refers to the time, and ordinate refers to amplitude;
To the fixing electromagnetic wave signal of a series of frequencies of underground emission, it is by producing for the fixing sinusoidal ac of a frequency to transmitting coil.The selection of frequency is relevant with the task of specifically reconnoitring, and must guarantee that measuring point namely satisfies r/ δ≤0.5 all in the near region on the survey line, wherein r is the transmitting-receiving distance, and the selection of transmitting-receiving distance is relevant with the degree of depth that we will survey, and investigation depth is larger, transmitting-receiving is apart from larger, and physical relationship is r=2h.δ is skin depth
μ is the magnetic permeability of medium, and the magnetic permeability in the earth is near the magnetic permeability in the vacuum, so desirable μ=μ
0=4 π * 10
-7H/m.Can push away thus to such an extent that selected frequency f should meet
Wherein ρ is the resistivity of the medium surveyed, and the degree of depth of h for surveying is because the method is mainly for the shallow-layer problem of 0～100 meter of detection, so this optional frequency is 10～20Hz.Simultaneously, guarantee in each measuring point measuring process, field source is launched the signal of a complete frequency circulation at least.
The selection that goes out maximum transmitting-receiving distance from Fig. 4 observable should be not less than ten times of maximum depth of exploration.Obtaining of signal is to receive underground secondary magnetic field vertical component by Magnetic Sensor.This signal reaction be transmitting-receiving apart from the comprehensive electrically situation at mid point certain depth place, this degree of depth for use receive and dispatch half of distance degree, i.e. h=r/2.
After obtaining the vertical component of secondary magnetic field, the method for described definition apparent resistivity before utilizing, the homogeneous half space secondary magnetic field vertical component that the secondary magnetic field vertical component that records and numerical evaluation are gone out is made ratio and can be tried to achieve apparent resistivity ρ
z
The homogeneous half space secondary magnetic field vertical component that the secondary magnetic field vertical component that the acquisition of step 3 needs records and numerical evaluation go out is made ratio and can be tried to achieve apparent resistivity ρ
z, from Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, can find out, its reaction be exactly the transmitting-receiving apart from and apparent resistivity between relation, horizontal ordinate for the transmitting-receiving distance, ordinate is apparent resistivity.
Step 4: utilize the method for inversion to realize resistivity sounding, namely try to achieve the resistivity of underground different depth place medium.
According to the geometry factor concept of the apparent resistivity of trying to achieve and definition, adopt the inversion method of conventional resistivity sounding, adopt the optimization inversion method in this example, just can obtain resistivity and the degree of depth of underground medium.
The step of optimization inverting is as follows:
(1) according to the morphological feature of measured curve, in conjunction with local geology and Geophysical Condition, at first determines the number of plies N of horizontal section, and provide 2N-1 layer parameter initial value
Be called initiation layer parameter or initial model parameter.
(2) according to the parameter of initial model, by the calculated with mathematical model theoretical curve of just drilling calculating.
(3) according to theoretical value and calculated with actual values error of fitting.
(4) judge whether error of fitting satisfies the in advance intensive reading requirement of regulation.
(5) satisfy the intensive reading requirement if error of fitting less than the in advance intensive reading of regulation, shows, then will organize layer parameter as final explanation results, and stop computing.If error of fitting for meeting the demands, needs modification level numerical value, and again turn back to step (2)～(3), move in circles, require until satisfy intensive reading.At this moment, the corresponding layer parameter of theoretical curve is explanation results.
Draw the map such as sectional drawing and interpretive analysis in addition: after obtaining the anomalous body resistivity information of each measuring point, each degree of depth, can draw the maps such as its sectional drawing, reflect more intuitively the tectonic information of underground medium.And can make an explanation to underground geological condition according to the map of drawing out.Two layer medium G type depth sounding with apparent resistivity curve and D type depth sounding with apparent resistivity curve have been made respectively by emulation experiment, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.This curve can show the electrical situation that this inventive method can reflect underground medium preferably intuitively.When transmitting-receiving apart from hour, apparent resistivity trends towards the true resistance rate of ground floor medium, and when transmitting-receiving during apart from increase, apparent resistivity begins slowly to trend towards the true resistance rate of second layer medium.And, when the bed thickness of ground floor medium increases, reflect that the required transmitting-receiving of second layer resistivity of media is apart from also increasing.
Claims (4)
1. highdensity how much resistivity soundings in magnetic couple source, a near field is characterized in that, form magnetic dipole by the exchange current that fixed frequency is provided to closing coil, and with formed magnetic dipole as field source; Adopt magnetic dipole as transmitting coil, magnetic field probe is as receiving coil, observe the secondary magnetic field vertical component of magnetic couple source, near field electromagnetic field by the distance between change transmitting coil and the receiving coil, obtain the apparent resistivity with the corresponding degree of depth of reception and transmission range, utilize at last the method for inversion to realize resistivity sounding, namely try to achieve the resistivity of underground different depth place medium;
Described apparent resistivity refers to the secondary magnetic field vertical component of homogeneous half space model
Secondary magnetic field vertical component with layer-cake model
The ratio
Wherein, layer-cake model refers to regard ground as horizontal infinity plane, and is that horizontal layer distributes at the medium of below ground, and the medium in every one deck is isotropic medium all, and the secondary magnetic field vertical component is in the HORIZONTAL LAYERED MEDIUM WITH HIGH ACCURACY
Q
iThe geometry factor of i layer medium in the expression layer-cake model,
k
iBe the wave number of electromagnetic wave by i layer medium, σ
iBe the conductivity of i layer medium, μ is the magnetic permeability of medium, and ω is the angular frequency that transmits of transmitting coil, and M is the magnetic moment of transmitting coil;
Wherein, h
TiAnd h
BiBe respectively in the layer-cake model i layer top and bottom and divide the degree of depth that is clipped to earth surface, r is the distance between transmitting coil and the receiving coil;
Described
In, adopt the homogeneous half space model to refer to regard ground as horizontal infinity plane, below ground is full of even and isotropic conducting medium, and its secondary magnetic field vertical component is
Wherein, σ is the conductivity of medium, and μ is the magnetic permeability of medium, and ω is the angular frequency that transmits of transmitting coil, and M is the magnetic moment of transmitting coil, and r is the distance between transmitting coil and the receiving coil,
ρ is resistivity of media, ρ=1/ σ;
The expression formula of apparent resistivity is:
Electricalresistivityρ in the setting homogeneous half space=1.
2. highdensity how much resistivity soundings in magnetic couple source, a kind of near field according to claim 1 is characterized in that, according to geophysical method of the prior art, determine the survey line in zone to be measured before field source forms.
3. highdensity how much resistivity soundings in magnetic couple source, a kind of near field according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the fixed frequency f that described closing coil provides satisfies following condition:
4. highdensity how much resistivity soundings in magnetic couple source, a kind of near field according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the described secondary magnetic field vertical component of observing magnetic couple source, near field electromagnetic field by the distance between change transmitting coil and the receiving coil obtains specifically to refer to the apparent resistivity of the corresponding degree of depth of reception and transmission range:
The line central point of fixed transmission coil and receiving coil changes the line distance between transmitting coil and the receiving coil line central point, obtains corresponding apparent resistivity;
Observe the secondary magnetic field vertical component of magnetic couple source, near field electromagnetic field by the distance of the line between change transmitting coil and the receiving coil line central point, obtain the apparent resistivity with the corresponding degree of depth of reception and transmission range, the point midway of line immobilizes when changing continuous distance, wherein, the distance between transmitting coil and the receiving coil is no more than the near region scope;
Described near region refers to electrical distance p＜＜1, p=r/ δ, wherein r be observation point to the distance at dipole source center, observation point is the position of receiving coil, the dipole source center is the position of transmitting coil, δ is skin depth,
σ is the conductivity of medium, and μ is the magnetic permeability of medium, and ω is the angular frequency that transmits of transmitting coil.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN104035137A (en) * | 2014-06-03 | 2014-09-10 | 吉林大学 | Underground full-space transient electromagnetic detecting instrument and detection method |
| CN105676301A (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2016-06-15 | 湖南五维地质科技有限公司 | Layered medium transient electromagnetic sounding qualitative analytical method |
| CN108547611A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2018-09-18 | 杭州迅美科技有限公司 | Horizontal well complex environment is with brill electromagnetic wave resistivity logging rapid simulation method |
| CN110360462A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-10-22 | 华兴汇金科技(北京)有限公司 | A kind of detection method of urban Underground pipeline leakage |
| CN110879418A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-03-13 | 东华理工大学 | Frequency domain electric source electromagnetic field apparent conductivity calculation method |
| CN111796328A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-10-20 | 长安大学 | Multi-source frequency domain ground-air electromagnetic detection acquisition system and method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104035137A (en) * | 2014-06-03 | 2014-09-10 | 吉林大学 | Underground full-space transient electromagnetic detecting instrument and detection method |
| CN105676301A (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2016-06-15 | 湖南五维地质科技有限公司 | Layered medium transient electromagnetic sounding qualitative analytical method |
| CN108547611A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2018-09-18 | 杭州迅美科技有限公司 | Horizontal well complex environment is with brill electromagnetic wave resistivity logging rapid simulation method |
| CN108547611B (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2022-02-11 | 杭州迅美科技有限公司 | Method for rapidly simulating logging of electromagnetic wave resistivity while drilling in complex environment of horizontal well |
| CN110360462A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-10-22 | 华兴汇金科技(北京)有限公司 | A kind of detection method of urban Underground pipeline leakage |
| CN110879418A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-03-13 | 东华理工大学 | Frequency domain electric source electromagnetic field apparent conductivity calculation method |
| CN110879418B (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2023-05-23 | 东华理工大学 | Frequency domain electric source electromagnetic field apparent conductivity calculation method |
| CN111796328A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-10-20 | 长安大学 | Multi-source frequency domain ground-air electromagnetic detection acquisition system and method |
| CN111796328B (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2023-08-15 | 长安大学 | Multi-source frequency domain ground-air electromagnetic detection acquisition system and method |
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Application publication date: 20130925 |