CN110919160A - Heating device and heating method in axial friction welding and linear friction welding processes - Google Patents
Heating device and heating method in axial friction welding and linear friction welding processes Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
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Abstract
The invention discloses a heating device and a heating method thereof in the processes of axial friction welding and linear friction welding, wherein the positions of a first quartz heating rod 1 and a second quartz heating rod 11 are adjusted by adjusting a first adjusting bolt 2 and a second adjusting bolt 13, so that the inner diameter of a heating ring is controlled, the inner diameter of the heating ring is suitable for a workpiece to be welded, and the workpiece to be welded is preheated before welding, heated in the welding process and heat-preserved after welding to control the cooling rate. The invention preheats the materials to be welded with different sizes before welding, heats the materials in the welding process and controls the cooling rate after welding, thereby not only saving energy and being green and environment-friendly, but also playing the roles of improving the weldability of the materials, reducing the local temperature gradient of the welding joint and improving the performance of the welding joint, so that the materials which are difficult to weld can also realize the high-quality welding of friction welding, and further promoting the application range and depth of the friction welding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a heating device and a heating method thereof in the processes of axial friction welding and linear friction welding.
Background
The friction welding technology belongs to solid phase pressure welding, and can be mainly divided into axial friction welding, linear friction welding, friction stir welding, phase friction welding and the like. Compared with the fusion welding method, the friction welding method has no defects of looseness, inclusion, air holes and cracks in the fusion welding process; no protective gas is needed; dissimilar materials can be welded; the welding joint has stable performance; the heat affected zone is narrow, the stress is low, the deformation is small, and the integrity is high; the welding process can be completely mechanized and automatically controlled, the reliability is high, the welding process has the unique advantages of high quality, high efficiency, environmental friendliness, accurate and controllable energy input and the like. However, for materials with high hardness, strong deformation resistance, small thermal conductivity, poor normal temperature and high temperature plasticity and high temperature strength, welding defects such as cracks are easily generated in the welding process, the high-quality forming of joints is seriously influenced, and the problem can be effectively solved through heat treatment in the welding process. The axial friction welding mainly comprises inertia friction welding and continuous driving friction welding, and is a welding method which generates heat through friction between two workpieces, enables the metal on the friction surface to reach a viscoplasticity state, and forms a high-quality welding joint through mutual diffusion and recrystallization of the metal in a welding area under the action of upsetting force. The axial friction welding has the advantages of green and pollution-free welding process, stable and reliable quality of a welding joint, and realization of complete mechanization and automation of the welding process, and has been widely applied to adjacent areas of petrochemical industry, aerospace, automobile manufacturing and the like.
Linear friction welding is a solid state joining method which utilizes the friction of the contact surface of the workpiece to be welded relative to the reciprocating motion under the action of pressure to generate heat, thereby realizing welding. The method has the advantages that the traditional fusion welding method cannot compare with the traditional fusion welding method, has wider application range compared with other friction welding such as axial friction welding, and can be used for welding irregular components such as non-circular sections.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a heating device and a heating method thereof in the processes of axial friction welding and linear friction welding, which can heat magnetic materials in the friction welding process and can also heat non-magnetic materials in the friction welding process; meanwhile, the normal operation of the friction welding process can be ensured, the welding process cannot be influenced, and the heating device cannot be damaged. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a heating device in the process of axial friction welding and linear friction welding comprises: the positions of a first quartz heating rod 1 and a second quartz heating rod 11 are adjusted by adjusting a first adjusting bolt 2 and a second adjusting bolt 13, so that the inner diameter of a heating ring is controlled, the inner diameter of the heating ring is suitable for a workpiece to be welded, and the cooling rate is controlled by preheating the workpiece to be welded before welding, heating in the welding process and heat preservation after welding; axial is heating device for friction welding comprises first quartzy heating rod 1, first adjusting bolt 2, first adjusting nut 3, first heating ring support 4, first stainless steel shell 5, first heating rod fixed coil 6, first temperature controller connecting cable 7, first integrated temperature controller 8, first temperature thermocouple 9, first thermocouple connecting wire 10: the first quartz heating rod 1 is fixed together through a first heating rod fixing coil 6 to form an annular heating ring assembly, the whole annular heating ring is composed of four heating ring assemblies, the annular heating ring assembly is connected with a first integrated temperature controller 8 through a first temperature controller connecting cable 7 to form a whole heating part, each heating ring assembly is connected with a first adjusting bolt 2 through the first heating rod fixing coil 6, the heating rings are wrapped through a first stainless steel shell 5, through holes are drilled in the directions of 45 degrees, 135 degrees, 225 degrees and 315 degrees of the first stainless steel shell 5, a first adjusting bolt 2 is assembled with a first adjusting nut 3 through the through hole on the first stainless steel shell 5, a first temperature thermocouple 9 is fixed at the gap of the heating ring assembly through the through hole on the first stainless steel shell 5, and a first thermocouple connecting lead 10 is connected with a first integrated temperature controller 8; the heating device for linear friction welding is composed of a second quartz heating rod 11, a second adjusting nut 12, a second adjusting bolt 13, a second integrated temperature controller 14, a second temperature controller connecting cable 15, a second thermocouple connecting lead 16, a second temperature thermocouple 17, a second stainless steel shell 18, a second heating rod fixing coil 19 and a second heating ring support 20: the second quartz heating rod 11 is fixed together through a second heating rod fixing coil 19 to form a square heating ring assembly, the whole square heating ring is composed of four heating ring assemblies, the heating ring assemblies are connected together with a second integrated temperature controller 17 through a second temperature controller connecting cable 15 to form a whole heating part, each heating ring assembly is connected together with a second adjusting bolt 13 through a second heating rod fixing coil 19, the heating rings are wrapped through a second stainless steel shell 18, through holes are drilled in the directions of 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees of the second stainless steel shell 18, a second adjusting bolt 13 is assembled with the second adjusting nut 12 through the through hole in the second stainless steel shell 18, and a second temperature thermocouple 17 is fixed in the gap of the second heating ring assembly through the through hole in the second stainless steel shell 18 and is connected with the second integrated temperature controller 14 through a second thermocouple connecting lead 16.
A heating method in the process of axial friction welding and linear friction welding is characterized in that in the process of axial friction welding and linear friction welding, an annular heating ring 23 is placed between an axial friction welding machine spindle workpiece 22 and an axial friction welding machine tailstock workpiece 24, a square heating ring 33 is placed between a linear friction welding machine spindle workpiece 32 and a linear friction welding machine tailstock workpiece 34, and according to the set welding process requirement, the axial friction welding workpiece and the linear friction welding workpiece are preheated before welding, heated in the welding process, kept warm after welding and controlled in cooling rate, so that the whole welding process is completed, and the heating method comprises the following steps:
1) cleaning the welding surface of the workpiece to be welded: cleaning oil stains, impurities, pollutants and the like on the surfaces of an axial friction welding workpiece and a linear friction welding workpiece to be welded, and keeping the welding surface of the workpiece to be welded clean;
2) and clamping the workpiece: clamping the axial friction welding workpiece cleaned in the step (1) on a main shaft 21 and a tailstock 25 of the axial friction welding machine, clamping the linear friction welding workpiece on a main shaft 31 and a tailstock 35 of the linear friction welding machine, and adjusting the positions of the main shaft workpiece 22 and the tailstock workpiece 24 of the axial friction welding machine to ensure that the main shaft workpiece 22 and the tailstock workpiece 24 of the axial friction welding machine have good alignment; adjusting the positions of the linear friction welding machine spindle workpiece 32 and the linear friction welding machine tailstock workpiece 34 to ensure that the alignment of the linear friction welding machine spindle workpiece 32 and the linear friction welding machine tailstock workpiece 34 is good;
3) adjusting the position of the heating rod: according to the sizes of a main shaft workpiece 22 of an axial friction welding machine, a tailstock workpiece 25 of the axial friction welding machine, a main shaft workpiece 32 of a linear friction welding machine and a tailstock workpiece 34 of the linear friction welding machine, a first adjusting bolt 2 arranged on a first stainless steel shell 5 of an annular heating ring and a second adjusting bolt 13 arranged on a second stainless steel shell 18 of a square heating ring are respectively adjusted, and a first quartz heating rod 1 and a second quartz heating rod 11 are driven to move through the movement of the first adjusting bolt 2 and the second adjusting bolt 13, so that the inner diameters of the annular heating ring and the square heating ring are adjusted;
4) and placing a heating ring: after the step 3) is finished, respectively starting the axial friction welding machine and the linear friction welding machine, respectively pushing the tail stock 25 of the axial friction welding machine and the tail stock 35 of the linear friction welding machine to move forwards through the upsetting oil cylinder 26 of the axial friction welding machine, the upsetting oil cylinder support 27 of the axial friction welding machine, the upsetting oil cylinder 36 of the linear friction welding machine and the upsetting oil cylinder support 37 of the linear friction welding machine, respectively stopping the forward movement of the tail stock 25 of the axial friction welding machine and the tail stock 35 of the linear friction welding machine when the distance between the tail stock workpiece 24 of the axial friction welding machine and the tail stock workpiece 34 of the linear friction welding machine and the distance between the main shaft workpiece 22 of the axial friction welding machine and the main shaft workpiece 32 of the linear friction welding machine is 2mm, then arranging the annular heating ring 23 on the base 28 of the axial friction welding machine, enabling the annular heating ring 23 to be positioned at the middle position of the extending parts of the main shaft workpiece 22 of the, Axial friction welding of the tailstock workpiece 25; placing the square heating ring 33 on a base 38 of the linear friction welding machine, so that the square heating ring 33 is positioned in the middle of the extending parts of the linear friction welding spindle workpiece 32 and the linear friction welding tailstock workpiece 34, and ensuring that the square heating ring 33 is not contacted with the linear friction welding spindle workpiece 32 and the linear friction welding tailstock workpiece 34;
5) and setting the temperature: determining the preheating temperature before welding, the heating temperature in the welding process, the heat preservation temperature after welding and the heat preservation time according to the strength, normal temperature plasticity, high temperature plasticity and heat conductivity of the material of the workpiece to be welded, setting the preheating temperature before welding by an axial friction welding integrated temperature controller 29 and a linear friction welding integrated temperature controller 39 respectively, wherein the preheating temperature range is 100-300 ℃, the heating temperature range in the welding process is 500-800 ℃, the heat preservation temperature after welding and the heat preservation time, the heat preservation temperature range is 200-700 ℃, and the heat preservation time range is 30-100 min;
6) and starting heating: after the temperatures of the axial friction welding integrated temperature controller 29 and the linear friction welding integrated temperature controller 39 are set, the heating power supplies of the axial friction welding integrated temperature controller 29 and the linear friction welding integrated temperature controller 39 are turned on to start heating;
7) and starting welding: when the temperatures displayed by the axial friction welding integrated temperature controller 29 and the linear friction welding integrated temperature controller 39 reach the set preheating temperature and the preheating time, respectively starting an axial friction welding machine and a linear friction welding machine to start axial friction welding and linear friction welding; after the axial friction welding and the linear friction welding are finished, the annular heating ring 23 and the square heating ring 33 start to preserve heat, and when the set heat preservation time is reached, the heating power supply and the main power supply of the axial friction welding integrated temperature controller 29 and the linear friction welding integrated temperature controller 39 are closed.
8) After the heating power supply of the axial friction welding integrated temperature controller 29 and the linear friction welding integrated temperature controller 39 is closed, the annular heating ring 23 and the square heating ring 33 are taken away from the axial friction welding machine and the linear friction welding machine, the axial friction welding machine and the linear friction welding machine are started, the axial friction welding machine spindle 21 and the linear friction welding machine spindle 31 are loosened, the axial friction welding machine tailstock 25 and the linear friction welding machine tailstock 35 are respectively retreated by 500mm under the action of the axial friction welding machine upsetting oil cylinder 26 and the linear friction welding machine upsetting oil cylinder 36 and then stopped, the axial friction welding machine tailstock 25 and the linear friction welding machine tailstock 35 are loosened, the axial friction welding workpiece and the linear friction welding workpiece are taken down, the axial friction welding machine and the linear friction welding machine are closed, and the whole axial friction welding, linear friction welding and heating processes are completed;
the working principle of the device of the invention is as follows:
the heating device for the friction welding process is provided with two heating devices, wherein one heating device is annular and is suitable for the axial friction welding process; one is square and suitable for use in a linear friction welding process. As shown in fig. 1, the annular heating device is composed of a first quartz heating rod 1, a first adjusting bolt 2, a first adjusting nut 3, a first heating ring support 4, a first stainless steel shell 5, a first heating rod fixing coil 6, a first temperature controller connecting cable 7, a first integrated temperature controller 8, a first temperature thermocouple 9 and a first thermocouple connecting lead 10. First integral type temperature controller 8 passes through first temperature controller connecting cable 7 with first quartz capsule heating rod 1 links to each other, the cladding of 1 outside of first quartz capsule heating rod has first stainless steel shell 5, first stainless steel shell 5 with it has the thick high-quality heat preservation cotton of 10mm to separate between first quartz heating rod 1, reduces the temperature loss, improves heating efficiency. The first temperature thermocouple 9 is connected with the first integrated temperature controller 8 through a first thermocouple connecting lead 10, and plays a role in monitoring the temperature in real time. The axial friction welding heating device is annular, and the inner diameter of the heating assembly can be adjusted according to the specific outer diameter of the workpiece.
The first stainless steel shell 5 is provided with through holes drilled in the directions of 45 degrees, 135 degrees, 225 degrees and 315 degrees, first adjusting nuts 3 are arranged at the positions of the through holes, the heating assembly is annular and divided into four blocks by 90 degrees, and the same number of first quartz heating rods 1 are uniformly distributed on each block; the quartz heating rods on each module are connected together through a first heating rod fixing coil 6 and are uniformly distributed within the range of 90 degrees; first heating rod fixed coil 6 is installed in 45 directions on each block of subassembly first adjusting bolt 2, the first adjusting bolt 2 is twisted respectively and is fixed 45 of first stainless steel overcoat 5, 135 °, 225 °, 315 ascending in the direction in first adjusting nut 3, through the adjustment first adjusting bolt 2 stretch out the length, alright control each block of subassembly the inside quartz heating rod's position to adjust the heating coil internal diameter in order to be fit for waiting to weld the work piece.
The linear friction welding heating device is square, and as shown in fig. 2, the linear friction welding heating device is composed of a second quartz heating rod 11, a second adjusting nut 12, a second adjusting bolt 13, a second integrated temperature controller 14, a second temperature controller connecting cable 15, a second thermocouple connecting lead 16, a second temperature thermocouple 17, a second stainless steel shell 18, a second heating rod fixing coil 19 and a second heating ring support 20. The second integrated temperature controller 14 is connected with the second quartz tube heating rod 11 through the second temperature controller connecting cable 7, the second stainless steel shell 18 is wrapped outside the second quartz heating rod, the second stainless steel shell 18 and the second quartz heating rod 11 are separated by 10mm thick high-quality heat-insulation cotton, temperature loss is reduced, and heating efficiency is improved. The second temperature thermocouple 17 is connected with the second integrated temperature controller 14 through a second thermocouple connecting lead 16, and plays a role in monitoring the temperature in real time.
The linear friction welding heating device is square, the size of the heating component can be adjusted according to the specific size of a workpiece, and the specific embodiment is as follows: the second stainless steel shell 18 is drilled with through holes in the directions of 0 degree, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees, second adjusting nuts 12 are arranged at the positions of the through holes, the quartz heating assembly is integrally rectangular and is divided into an upper assembly, a lower assembly, a left assembly and a right assembly, and second quartz heating rods 11 are arranged on each assembly at the same interval; the second quartz heating rods 11 on each module are connected together through a second heating rod fixing ring 19; the second adjusting bolt 13 is installed on the second heating rod fixing ring 19 of each block assembly in the center line direction, the second adjusting bolt 13 is screwed into the second adjusting nut 12 fixed in the directions of 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees of the second stainless steel shell 18 respectively, the position of the second quartz heating rod 11 in each block assembly can be controlled by adjusting the extension length of the second adjusting bolt 13, and therefore the size of the heating ring assembly is adjusted to be suitable for a workpiece to be welded.
The heating method of the invention has the technical effects that:
the device adjusts the internal dimension of the heating ring according to the dimension of the workpiece to be welded through the adjusting bolt and the adjusting nut so as to be suitable for welding, preheats the workpiece to be welded before welding through far infrared rays emitted by the quartz heating rod, heats the workpiece in the welding process, keeps the temperature after welding, controls the cooling rate of the welded part, and realizes the high-quality welding of the material difficult to weld.
The heating device adopts a non-contact far infrared radiation heating technology, and the heating ring is not contacted with a welding workpiece in the heating process, so that the magnetic material can be heated in the friction welding process, and the non-magnetic material can be heated in the friction welding process; meanwhile, the normal operation of the friction welding process can be ensured, the welding process cannot be influenced, and the heating device cannot be damaged.
The invention solves the technical problems that when in axial friction welding and linear friction welding, for materials with high hardness, strong deformation resistance, small heat conductivity, poor normal temperature and high temperature plasticity and high temperature strength, dissimilar materials and difficult-to-weld materials with the defects of easy generation of cracks and the like after welding, the heating device can carry out preheating before welding, heating in the welding process, heat preservation after welding, temperature reduction rate control and other methods on the difficult-to-weld materials according to different sizes and different process requirements, so as to improve the weldability of the materials, inhibit the generation of welding cracks, reduce the generation of intermetallic compounds during welding of the dissimilar materials, improve the comprehensive performance of a friction welding joint and realize the high-quality welding of the difficult-to-weld materials and the dissimilar materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 schematic view of an axial friction welding heating ring
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a linear friction welding heating ring
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the axial friction welding and heating process
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a linear friction welding and heating process
Detailed Description
As shown in figure 2, the heating device in the processes of axial friction welding and linear friction welding adjusts the positions of a first quartz heating rod 1 and a second quartz heating rod 11 by adjusting a first adjusting bolt 2 and a second adjusting bolt 13, so as to control the inner diameter of a heating ring, make the inner diameter of the heating ring suitable for a workpiece to be welded, and perform pre-welding preheating, heating in the welding process and heat preservation after welding on the workpiece to be welded to control the cooling rate.
The heating device and the heating method are suitable for friction welding of materials such as Ti-Al intermetallic compounds, high-temperature alloys, aluminum-steel dissimilar materials and the like.
As shown in fig. 1, the heating device in the process of axial friction welding and linear friction welding, the heating device for axial friction welding is composed of a first quartz heating rod 1, a first adjusting bolt 2, a first adjusting nut 3, a first heating ring support 4, a first stainless steel shell 5, a first heating rod fixing coil 6, a first temperature controller connecting cable 7, a first integrated temperature controller 8, a first temperature thermocouple 9 and a first thermocouple connecting wire 10: the first quartz heating rod 1 is fixed together through a first heating rod fixing coil 6 to form an annular heating ring assembly, the whole annular heating ring is composed of four heating ring assemblies, the annular heating ring assembly is connected with a first integrated temperature controller 8 through a first temperature controller connecting cable 7 to form a whole heating part, each heating ring assembly is connected with a first adjusting bolt 2 through the first heating rod fixing coil 6, the heating rings are wrapped through a first stainless steel shell 5, through holes are drilled in the directions of 45 degrees, 135 degrees, 225 degrees and 315 degrees of the first stainless steel shell 5, a first adjusting bolt 2 is assembled with a first adjusting nut 3 through the through hole on the first stainless steel shell 5, a first temperature thermocouple 9 is fixed at the gap of the heating ring assembly through the through hole on the first stainless steel shell 5, and a first thermocouple connecting lead 10 is connected with a first integrated temperature controller 8;
heating device in axial friction welding and linear friction welding process, heating device for linear friction welding is by second quartzy heating rod 11, second adjusting nut 12, second adjusting bolt 13, second integral type temperature controller 14, second temperature controller connecting cable 15, second thermocouple connecting wire 16, second temperature measurement thermocouple 17, the second stainless steel shell 18, second heating rod fixed coil 19, second heating ring support 20: the second quartz heating rod 11 is fixed together through a second heating rod fixing coil 19 to form a square second heating ring component, the whole square heating ring is composed of four heating ring components, the heating ring components are connected together with a second integrated temperature controller 17 through a second temperature controller connecting cable 15 to form a whole heating part, each heating ring component is connected together with a second adjusting bolt 13 through a second heating rod fixing coil 19, the heating rings are wrapped through a second stainless steel shell 18, through holes are drilled in the directions of 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees of the second stainless steel shell 18, a second adjusting bolt 13 is assembled with the second adjusting nut 12 through the through hole in the second stainless steel shell 18, and a second temperature thermocouple 17 is fixed in the gap of the second heating ring assembly through the through hole in the second stainless steel shell 18 and is connected with the second integrated temperature controller 14 through a second thermocouple connecting lead 16.
In the axial friction welding and linear friction welding process, as shown in fig. 3, an annular heating ring 23 is placed between an axial friction welding machine spindle workpiece 22 and an axial friction welding machine tailstock workpiece 24, a square heating ring 33 is placed between a linear friction welding machine spindle workpiece 32 and a linear friction welding machine tailstock workpiece 34, and according to the set welding process requirement, the axial friction welding workpiece and the linear friction welding workpiece are preheated before welding, heated in the welding process, kept warm after welding and controlled in cooling rate, so that the whole welding process is completed, and the heating method comprises the following steps:
1) cleaning the welding surface of the workpiece to be welded: cleaning oil stains, impurities, pollutants and the like on the surfaces of an axial friction welding workpiece and a linear friction welding workpiece to be welded, and keeping the welding surface of the workpiece to be welded clean;
2) and clamping the workpiece: clamping the axial friction welding workpiece cleaned in the step 1) on the axial friction welding machine spindle 21 and the axial friction welding machine tailstock 25, clamping the linear friction welding workpiece on the linear friction welding machine spindle 31 and the linear friction welding machine tailstock 35, and adjusting the positions of the axial friction welding machine spindle workpiece 22 and the axial friction welding machine tailstock workpiece 24 to ensure that the axial friction welding machine spindle workpiece 22 and the axial friction welding machine tailstock workpiece 24 have good alignment; adjusting the positions of the linear friction welding machine spindle workpiece 32 and the linear friction welding machine tailstock workpiece 34 to ensure that the alignment of the linear friction welding machine spindle workpiece 32 and the linear friction welding machine tailstock workpiece 34 is good;
3) adjusting the position of the heating rod: according to the sizes of the axial friction welding spindle workpiece 22, the axial friction welding tailstock workpiece 25, the linear friction welding machine spindle workpiece 32 and the linear friction welding machine tailstock workpiece 34, a first adjusting bolt 2 arranged on a first stainless steel shell 5 of the annular heating ring and a second adjusting bolt 13 arranged on a second stainless steel shell 18 of the square heating ring are respectively adjusted, and the first quartz heating rod 1 and the second quartz heating rod 11 are driven to move through the movement of the first adjusting bolt 2 and the second adjusting bolt 13, so that the inner diameters of the annular heating ring and the square heating ring are adjusted;
4) and placing a heating ring: after the step 3) is finished, respectively starting the axial friction welding machine and the linear friction welding machine, respectively pushing the tail stock 25 of the axial friction welding machine and the tail stock 35 of the linear friction welding machine to move forwards through the upsetting oil cylinder 26 of the axial friction welding machine, the upsetting oil cylinder support 27 of the axial friction welding machine, the upsetting oil cylinder 36 of the linear friction welding machine and the upsetting oil cylinder support 37 of the linear friction welding machine, respectively stopping the forward movement of the tail stock 25 of the axial friction welding machine and the tail stock 35 of the linear friction welding machine when the distance between the tail stock workpiece 24 of the axial friction welding machine and the tail stock workpiece 34 of the linear friction welding machine and the distance between the main shaft workpiece 22 of the axial friction welding machine and the main shaft workpiece 32 of the linear friction welding machine is 2mm, then arranging the annular heating ring 23 on the base 28 of the axial friction welding machine, enabling the annular heating ring 23 to be positioned at the middle position of the extending parts of the main shaft workpiece 22 of the, Axial friction welding of the tailstock workpiece 25; as shown in fig. 4, the square heating ring 33 is placed on the linear friction welder base 38, so that the square heating ring 33 is located in the middle of the extending parts of the linear friction welding spindle workpiece 32 and the linear friction welding tailstock workpiece 34, and the square heating ring 33 is ensured not to contact with the linear friction welder spindle workpiece 32 and the linear friction welder tailstock workpiece 34;
5) and setting the temperature: determining the preheating temperature before welding, the heating temperature in the welding process, the heat preservation temperature after welding and the heat preservation time according to the strength, normal temperature plasticity, high temperature plasticity and heat conductivity of the material of the workpiece to be welded, setting the preheating temperature before welding by an axial friction welding integrated temperature controller 29 and a linear friction welding integrated temperature controller 39 respectively, wherein the preheating temperature range is 100-300 ℃, the heating temperature range in the welding process is 500-800 ℃, the heat preservation temperature after welding and the heat preservation time, the heat preservation temperature range is 200-700 ℃, and the heat preservation time range is 30-100 min;
6) and starting heating: after the temperatures of the axial friction welding integrated temperature controller 29 and the linear friction welding integrated temperature controller 39 are set, the heating power supplies of the axial friction welding integrated temperature controller 29 and the linear friction welding integrated temperature controller 39 are turned on to start heating;
7) and starting welding: when the temperatures displayed by the axial friction welding integrated temperature controller 29 and the linear friction welding integrated temperature controller 39 reach the set preheating temperature and the preheating time, respectively starting an axial friction welding machine and a linear friction welding machine to start axial friction welding and linear friction welding; after the axial friction welding and the linear friction welding are finished, the annular heating ring 23 and the square heating ring 33 start to preserve heat, and when the set heat preservation time is reached, the heating power supply and the main power supply of the axial friction welding integrated temperature controller 29 and the linear friction welding integrated temperature controller 39 are closed.
8) After the heating power supply of the axial friction welding integrated temperature controller 29 and the linear friction welding integrated temperature controller 39 is closed, the annular heating ring 23 and the square heating ring 33 are taken away from the axial friction welding machine and the linear friction welding machine, the axial friction welding machine and the linear friction welding machine are started, the axial friction welding machine spindle 21 and the linear friction welding machine spindle 31 are loosened, the axial friction welding machine tailstock 25 and the linear friction welding machine tailstock 35 are respectively retreated by 500mm under the action of the axial friction welding machine upsetting oil cylinder 26 and the linear friction welding machine upsetting oil cylinder 36 and then stopped, the axial friction welding machine tailstock 25 and the linear friction welding machine tailstock 35 are loosened, the axial friction welding workpiece and the linear friction welding workpiece are taken down, the axial friction welding machine and the linear friction welding machine are closed, and the whole axial friction welding, linear friction welding and heating processes are completed.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a heating device in axial friction welding and linear friction welding process which characterized by: the positions of a first quartz heating rod (1) and a second quartz heating rod (11) are adjusted by adjusting a first adjusting bolt (2) and a second adjusting bolt (13), so that the inner diameter of a heating ring is controlled, the inner diameter of the heating ring is suitable for a workpiece to be welded, and the cooling rate is controlled by preheating the workpiece to be welded before welding, heating in the welding process and heat preservation after welding; axial is heating device for friction welding comprises first quartz heating rod (1), first adjusting bolt (2), first adjusting nut (3), first heating ring support (4), first stainless steel shell (5), first heating rod fixed coil (6), first temperature controller connecting cable (7), first integral type temperature controller (8), first temperature thermocouple (9), first thermocouple connecting wire (10): the first quartz heating rod (1) is fixed together through a first heating rod fixing coil (6) to form an annular heating ring assembly, the whole annular heating ring is composed of four heating ring assemblies, the annular heating ring assemblies are connected with a first integrated temperature controller (8) through a first temperature controller connecting cable (7) to form a whole heating part, each heating ring assembly is connected with a first adjusting bolt (2) through the first heating rod fixing coil (6), the heating ring is wrapped through a first stainless steel shell (5), through holes are drilled in the directions of 45 degrees, 135 degrees, 225 degrees and 315 degrees of the first stainless steel shell (5), the first adjusting bolt (2) is assembled together with a first adjusting nut (3) through a through hole in the first stainless steel shell (5), and a first temperature thermocouple (9) is fixed at the gap of the heating ring assemblies through the through hole in the first stainless steel shell (5), the first thermocouple connecting lead (10) is connected with the first integrated temperature controller (8); linear friction welding is with heating device by second quartz heating rod (11), second adjusting nut (12), second adjusting bolt (13), second integral type temperature controller (14), second temperature controller connecting cable (15), second thermocouple connecting wire (16), second temperature thermocouple (17), second stainless steel shell (18), second heating rod fixed coil (19), second heating ring support (20): the second quartz heating rod (11) is fixed together through a second heating rod fixing coil (19) to form a square heating ring assembly, the whole square heating ring is composed of four heating ring assemblies, the heating ring assemblies are connected with a second integrated temperature controller (17) through a second temperature controller connecting cable (15) to form a whole heating part, each heating ring assembly is connected with a second adjusting bolt (13) through a second heating rod fixing coil (19), the heating ring is wrapped through a second stainless steel shell (18), through holes are drilled in the directions of 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees of the second stainless steel shell (18), the second adjusting bolt (13) is assembled together with a second adjusting nut (12) through a through hole in the second stainless steel shell (18), and a second temperature thermocouple (17) is fixed in the gap of the second heating ring assembly through the through hole in the second stainless steel shell (18), is connected with a second integrated temperature controller (14) through a second thermocouple connecting lead (16).
2. A heating method in the axial friction welding and linear friction welding process is characterized in that: in the process of axial friction welding and linear friction welding, an annular heating ring (23) is placed between an axial friction welding machine spindle workpiece (22) and an axial friction welding machine tailstock workpiece (24), a square heating ring (33) is placed between a linear friction welding machine spindle workpiece (32) and a linear friction welding machine tailstock workpiece (34), and according to the set welding process requirement, the axial friction welding workpiece and the linear friction welding workpiece are preheated before welding, heated in the welding process, kept warm after welding and controlled in cooling rate, so that the whole welding process is completed, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) cleaning the welding surface of the workpiece to be welded: cleaning oil stains, impurities, pollutants and the like on the surfaces of an axial friction welding workpiece and a linear friction welding workpiece to be welded, and keeping the welding surface of the workpiece to be welded clean;
2) and clamping the workpiece: clamping the axial friction welding workpiece cleaned in the step 1) on a main shaft (21) and a tailstock (25) of the axial friction welding machine, clamping the linear friction welding workpiece on a main shaft (31) and a tailstock (35) of the linear friction welding machine, and adjusting the positions of the main shaft workpiece (22) and the tailstock workpiece (24) of the axial friction welding machine to ensure that the main shaft workpiece (22) and the tailstock workpiece (24) of the axial friction welding machine are well aligned; adjusting the positions of the linear friction welding machine spindle workpiece (32) and the linear friction welding machine tailstock workpiece (34) to ensure that the linear friction welding machine spindle workpiece (32) and the linear friction welding machine tailstock workpiece (34) have good alignment;
3) adjusting the position of the heating rod: according to the sizes of a spindle workpiece (22) of an axial friction welding machine, a tailstock workpiece (25) of the axial friction welding machine, a spindle workpiece (32) of a linear friction welding machine and a tailstock workpiece (34) of the linear friction welding machine, a first adjusting bolt (2) installed on a first stainless steel shell (5) of an annular heating ring and a second adjusting bolt (13) installed on a second stainless steel shell (18) of a square heating ring are respectively adjusted, and a first quartz heating rod (1) and a second quartz heating rod (11) are driven to move through the movement of the first adjusting bolt (2) and the second adjusting bolt (13), so that the inner diameters of the annular heating ring and the square heating ring are adjusted;
4) and placing a heating ring: after the step 3) is finished, respectively starting the axial friction welding machine and the linear friction welding machine, respectively pushing the tail seat (25) of the axial friction welding machine and the tail seat (35) of the linear friction welding machine to move forwards through the upsetting oil cylinder (26) of the axial friction welding machine, the upsetting oil cylinder support (27) of the axial friction welding machine, the upsetting oil cylinder (36) of the linear friction welding machine and the upsetting oil cylinder support (37) of the linear friction welding machine, when the distance between the tail seat workpiece (24) of the axial friction welding machine and the tail seat workpiece (34) of the linear friction welding machine and the distance between the main shaft workpiece (22) of the axial friction welding machine and the main shaft workpiece (32) of the linear friction welding machine are respectively 2mm, stopping the forward movement of the tail seat (25) of the axial friction welding machine and the tail seat (35) of the linear friction welding machine, then placing the annular heating ring (23) on the base (28) of the axial friction welding machine to enable the annular heating ring (23) to be positioned at, the annular heating ring (23) is ensured not to be contacted with the axial friction welding spindle workpiece (22) and the axial friction welding tailstock workpiece (25); placing a square heating ring (33) on a linear friction welding machine base (38), and enabling the square heating ring (33) to be located in the middle of the extending parts of the linear friction welding spindle workpiece (32) and the linear friction welding tailstock workpiece (34) to ensure that the square heating ring (33) is not in contact with the linear friction welding machine spindle workpiece (32) and the linear friction welding tailstock workpiece (34);
5) and setting the temperature: according to the strength, normal temperature plasticity, high temperature plasticity and heat conductivity of a workpiece material to be welded, determining the preheating temperature before welding, the heating temperature in the welding process, the heat preservation temperature after welding and the heat preservation time, setting the preheating temperature before welding by an axial friction welding integrated temperature controller (29) and a linear friction welding integrated temperature controller (39), wherein the preheating temperature range is 100-300 ℃, the heating temperature in the welding process is 500-800 ℃, the heat preservation temperature after welding is 200-700 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 30-100 min;
6) and starting heating: after the temperatures of the axial friction welding integrated temperature controller (29) and the linear friction welding integrated temperature controller (39) are set, the heating power supplies of the axial friction welding integrated temperature controller (29) and the linear friction welding integrated temperature controller (39) are turned on to start heating;
7) and starting welding: when the temperatures displayed by the axial friction welding integrated temperature controller (29) and the linear friction welding integrated temperature controller (39) reach the set preheating temperature and the preheating time, respectively starting an axial friction welding machine and a linear friction welding machine to start axial friction welding and linear friction welding; after the axial friction welding and the linear friction welding are finished, the annular heating ring (23) and the square heating ring (33) start to preserve heat, and when the set heat preservation time is reached, the heating power supply and the main power supply of the axial friction welding integrated temperature controller (29) and the linear friction welding integrated temperature controller (39) are closed;
8) after the heating power supplies of the axial friction welding integrated temperature controller (29) and the linear friction welding integrated temperature controller (39) are closed, taking the annular heating ring (23) and the square heating ring (33) away from the axial friction welding machine and the linear friction welding machine, starting the axial friction welding machine and the linear friction welding machine, loosening the main shaft (21) of the axial friction welding machine and the main shaft (31) of the linear friction welding machine, retreating the tail seat (25) of the axial friction welding machine and the tail seat (35) of the linear friction welding machine by 500mm under the action of the upsetting oil cylinder (26) of the axial friction welding machine and the upsetting oil cylinder (36) of the linear friction welding machine respectively, stopping, loosening the tail seat (25) of the axial friction welding machine and the tail seat (35) of the linear friction welding machine, taking down the axial friction welding workpiece and the linear friction welding workpiece, closing the axial friction welding machine and the linear friction welding machine, and finishing the whole axial friction welding, linear friction.
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