CN110916021A - Locust artificial feed formula and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Locust artificial feed formula and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110916021A CN110916021A CN201911289577.8A CN201911289577A CN110916021A CN 110916021 A CN110916021 A CN 110916021A CN 201911289577 A CN201911289577 A CN 201911289577A CN 110916021 A CN110916021 A CN 110916021A
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 34
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- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 abstract description 6
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/90—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for insects, e.g. bees or silkworms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a locust artificial feed formula and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of artificial insect breeding and comprising rice straws, bran, bean pulp, corn flour and various electrolytic vitamins, wherein the weight ratio of the rice straws is not less than 50%. The method takes rice straws as main components, converts the rice straws into feed, converts crop straws into available protein resources through a locust 'bioconverter', so that the bred locust can be used as food, animal feed and the like, and locust excrement can also be used as fertilizer, fish bait and the like, thereby changing waste into valuable, reducing environmental pollution caused by straw burning and potential risks in crushing and returning to the field, and having important economic, social and ecological benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of artificial insect breeding technology and comprehensive utilization of crop straws, in particular to a locust artificial feed formula for efficiently utilizing crop straws and a preparation method thereof.
Background
China is a big agricultural country, the planting amount and the demand of grains are very huge, and therefore farmland straws produced in each year can reach more than 7 hundred million tons, and most of the farmland straws are not effectively utilized. In the early stage, most of the treatment methods such as feeding livestock with straws, burning and the like are adopted, and measures such as returning straws to fields are vigorously carried out in recent years, but the measures have low utilization value, and even new problems such as easy tillering and insect damage, excessive nitrogen and phosphorus in soil and the like can be caused. Therefore, research on enhancing the comprehensive utilization technology of the crop straws is urgently needed, and the comprehensive utilization rate of the crop straws is improved.
Locust, commonly known as locust, belongs to the order orthoptera, and comprises the species of grasshopper general family (terigoidea), grasshopper general family (Eumasacoidea) and grasshopper general family (Locusoidea), wherein more than 10,000 species exist in the world, and more than 1000 species exist in China and are distributed in tropical and temperate grasslands and desert regions in the world. Locusts mainly include migratory locusts and migratory locusts. The locust has wide food range, and can be used for eating wheat, rice, millet, corn, beans, tobacco, reed, vegetables, fruit trees, forest trees, and leaves, tender stems, buds, tender fruits and the like of weeds. The locusts migratorius in China comprises 3 Locusta migratorius (Meyen), Asian locusts migratorius (Linnaeus) and Tibet locustus migratorius (Lousta migratorius Chen), wherein the Locusta migratorius in east China has the widest distribution range and the most serious damage, is the most main locusts causing the national locusts, mainly harms gramineae plants and is agricultural pests.
The Locusta migratoria manilensis is one of pests with great harm in agriculture in China, but has high protein and other nutritional values, is also an important biological resource in modern agriculture development, and has high nutritional value, medicinal value and the like. Locusta migratoria manilensis one of the main resources for extracting protein and is listed as a safe green food in the 21 st century. In recent years, research reports disclose that insects contain abundant chitin, which is known as the sixth element of human life after sugar, protein, fat, vitamins and minerals. The chitin can eliminate the internal mycin in the human body, achieves the effects of expelling toxin and beautifying, is popular with female friends, and is an ideal high-nutrition health food. The locust has reasonable nutrition structure and low fat and cholesterol content. In addition, with the continuous development and utilization of the medicinal value of the medicinal insect cantharis, the wild cantharis is continuously reduced, the artificial breeding and development of the cantharis become necessary trend, but the cantharis larvae have dependence and specificity on locust eggs, and a large amount of locust is required to be raised to collect egg masses to breed the cantharis larvae.
In view of the above-mentioned large demand for locusts, artificial cultivation has become a major source of locusts on the market. However, the locust needs to be eaten by planting gramineae plants in the current artificial feeding of the locust, so that the locust cultivation cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an artificial locust feed formula and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, in one aspect, the locust artificial feed formula provided by the invention comprises rice straw, bran, soybean meal, corn flour and electrolyzed multivitamins, wherein the weight ratio of the rice straw is not less than 50%.
According to the technical scheme, the rice straws are used as main components, the rice straws are fed, the crop straws are converted into available protein resources through a locust 'bioconverter', the bred locust can be used as food, animal feed and the like, and the locust excrement can also be used as fertilizer or fish bait and the like, so that the purpose of changing waste into valuable is achieved, meanwhile, the environmental pollution caused by straw burning and the potential risk of crushing and returning the grass to the field can be reduced, and the method has important economic, social and ecological benefits.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the bran, the bean pulp, the corn flour and the electrolytic multivitamins is as follows:
bran: 32-40%;
bean pulp: 32-40%;
corn flour: 20-28%;
electrolyzing multiple vitamins: 3-5%.
Preferably, the weight percentages of the bran, the bean pulp, the corn meal and the electrolyzed multivitamins are respectively as follows: 36%, 24% and 4%.
Preferably, the rice straw is crushed and then screened by an 80-mesh screen.
Preferably, the feed is fed with water and wet-mixed, and the water content is 10-20%.
On the other hand, the preparation method of the artificial locust feed provided by the invention is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1) weighing bran, bean pulp, corn flour and various electrolytic vitamins respectively according to a certain proportion, and fully and uniformly mixing the bran, the bean pulp, the corn flour and the various electrolytic vitamins to obtain a basic feed;
step 2), crushing the rice straws, and sieving the crushed rice straws by a 80-mesh sieve for later use;
and 3) weighing 50-60 g of rice straw, and fully and uniformly mixing with 40-50 g of basal feed to prepare the artificial locust feed containing 50-60% of rice straw.
The feed is suitable for locust nymphs and adults of 3 years old and above, and water is added and mixed when the feed is fed, and the water content is about 10-20%.
Preferably, in the step 1), the ratio of the bran, the bean pulp, the corn flour and the electrolyzed multivitamin is 9:9:6: 1.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the locust artificial feed formula and the preparation method thereof have the advantages that the prepared locust artificial feed is low in price, rice straws which are main components of the locust artificial feed are agricultural wastes, the rice straw feed is used for raising the locust, so that not only waste is changed into treasure, important protein resources are obtained, the comprehensive agricultural benefit is improved, but also the environmental pollution caused by straw burning and the potential risk of smashing and returning to the field are reduced, and the locust artificial feed has important economic, social and ecological benefits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the developmental stages of locusta migratoria in east Asia under different rice straw contents in the present example, (1) male and (2) female;
FIG. 2 shows the total feed intake of female locusta migratoria in east Asia under different straw contents in the examples of the present invention, (1) is male, (2) is female;
FIG. 3 shows the total straw intake of locusta migratoria in east Asia under different rice straw contents in the example of the present invention, (1) is male, (2) is female;
FIG. 4 shows the approximate digestibility of locusta migratoria in east Asia under different rice straw contents in the example of the present invention, (1) is male, and (2) is female.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further clearly and completely explained in the following by combining the embodiments of the present invention. These examples are intended to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely illustrative of some, and not restrictive, of the total invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Unless otherwise indicated, all reagents and methods mentioned in the examples are reagents and methods commonly used in the art.
Examples
The locust artificial feed formula comprises rice straws, bran, bean pulp, corn meal and various electrolytic vitamins, wherein the weight ratio of the rice straws is not less than 50%.
1. Test insects
Locusta migratoria (Locusta migratoria manilensis) comes from this laboratory rearing population. In this example, locusta migratoria manilensis nymphs were fed to three instars with wheat seedlings as initial subjects.
2. Artificial feed preparation
The rice straw is obtained from the research institute of rice in China, and is dried and then crushed for later use. After wheat bran, corn flour, bean pulp, multivitamin and other feed components are purchased in the market, the weight ratio of wheat bran: corn flour: bean pulp: and (3) fully and uniformly mixing the multivitamins in a ratio of 9:9:6:1 (weight ratio) to prepare the basic feed. The crushed rice straws are added as additive components according to the four contents of 20%, 60%, 70% and 80% respectively to prepare the artificial locust feed with the rice straw contents of 20%, 60%, 70% and 80%.
3. Experimental treatment
In the experiment, three-instar locust nymphs with consistent growth states, namely 10 female worms or 10 male worms, are selected as a group. Weighing initial insects, placing the initial insects in a feeding box, feeding artificial locust feeds with different rice straw contents, feeding pure basic feeds to a control group, and setting three biological repetitions for each experiment.
4. Grasshopper development period, feed intake and approximate digestibility
Recording the initial dry weight of the feed (the artificial feed needs to be dried in an oven at the drying temperature of 55 ℃ before feeding) and the weight (initial weight) of the locusta migratoria in east Asia before feeding every time, weighing the dry weight of the residual feed and the weight (final weight) of the locusta migratoria in east Asia after feeding for 24 hours, and subtracting the initial weight to obtain the feed intake and the daily weight gain of the locusta. In order to ensure the freshness of the feed, the feed is replaced once a day. Picking out the excrement in each locust box before feeding for the second time, collecting and drying the excrement until the weight is constant, and weighing the excrement, namely the excrement generation amount in the previous day.
5. Data analysis
The data were collated using Excel software and statistically analyzed using SPSS and sigmaplot10.0 and tested for significance of differences using One-Way ANOVA (P <0.05 indicates significant differences, denoted a, b, c, d; P <0.01 indicates very significant differences, denoted A, B, C, D).
6. Screening results
The influence of different proportions of feed on the developmental cycle of locusts is shown in figure 1, wherein (1) the feed is male, and (2) the feed is female, and the developmental cycle of locusts migratoria in east Asia is prolonged along with the increase of the content of straws. In the feed with the same proportion, the development period of locusta migratoria in east Asia shows a prolonged trend along with the increase of the age. The death rate of locusta migratoria in east Asia fed by 80% straw feed is high at four ages.
As can be seen from fig. 2, the total feed intake decreased approximately with the increase in the straw content, and at the four-year-old female locusta migratoria within the east asian, the total feed intake showed a significant difference, with 60% of the total feed intake of locusta migratoria fed with straw feed. The feed intake of the male locusta migratoria manilensis shows very significant difference in the four-year-old period. With the rise of the age, the feed intake of the locusta migratoria manilensis generally on the rising trend. The difference is obvious, and the feed intake of the straws in the artificial feed with the straw content of 60 percent in the female east Asian migratory locust and the male east Asian migratory locust is the largest at the fourth age. In five years old, the artificial feed with 70% of straw content in male locusta migratoria manilensis has the largest straw feeding amount, and the artificial feed with 60% of straw content in female locusta migratoria manilensis has the largest straw feeding amount, as shown in fig. 3.
The comprehensive analysis of the graph 4 shows that the approximate digestibility of the locusta migratoria in east Asia has a trend of decreasing with the increase of the straw content, and in three development age periods, the approximate digestibility of the locusta migratoria in east Asia fed by 60% of feed is generally higher than that of the locusta migratoria in east Asia fed by 70% of straw feed.
From the screening results, the method comprehensively considers the development and growth rate of the locusts migratorius in east Asia, the nutrient content of the locusts and the element content of the excrement of the locusts, the nutrient content of the artificial feed, the price cost of the artificial feed, the solution of the problem of large amount of residual straw and the like, and the screened 60% straw artificial feed is the best artificial feed in the experiment.
Claims (7)
1. An artificial locust feed formula taking rice straws as a main component is characterized by comprising the rice straws, bran, bean pulp, corn meal and multiple electrolytic vitamins, wherein the weight ratio of the rice straws is not less than 50%.
2. The locust artificial feed formula according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the bran, the bean pulp, the corn meal and the electrolyzed multivitamins is as follows:
bran: 32-40%;
bean pulp: 32-40%;
corn flour: 20-28%;
electrolyzing multiple vitamins: 3-5%.
3. The locust artificial feed formula according to claim 2, wherein the weight percentages of the bran, the bean pulp, the corn meal and the electrolyzed multivitamins are respectively as follows: 36%, 24% and 4%.
4. The locust artificial feed formula according to claim 1, wherein the rice straw is crushed and sieved with an 80 mesh sieve.
5. The artificial locust feed formula according to claim 1, wherein the water is added and mixed with moisture during feeding, and the water content is 10-20%.
6. The preparation method of the artificial locust feed is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1) weighing bran, bean pulp, corn flour and various electrolytic vitamins respectively according to a certain proportion, and fully and uniformly mixing the bran, the bean pulp, the corn flour and the various electrolytic vitamins to obtain a basic feed;
step 2), crushing the rice straws, and sieving the crushed rice straws by a 80-mesh sieve for later use;
and 3) weighing 50-60 g of rice straw, and fully and uniformly mixing with 40-50 g of basal feed to prepare the artificial locust feed containing 50-60% of rice straw.
7. The method for preparing artificial locust feed according to claim 6, wherein in step 1), the ratio of the bran, the bean pulp, the corn meal and the electrolyzed multivitamin is 9:9:6: 1.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111493029A (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2020-08-07 | 浙江农林大学 | Cultivation method of bambusa huangqiancao |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102370089A (en) * | 2011-06-13 | 2012-03-14 | 张欣杨 | Semi-artificial practical feed of Locusta migratoria manilensis and production method thereof |
| CN108077657A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-05-29 | 甘孜藏族自治州农业科学研究所 | A kind of locust man-made feeds and its preparation method and application |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102370089A (en) * | 2011-06-13 | 2012-03-14 | 张欣杨 | Semi-artificial practical feed of Locusta migratoria manilensis and production method thereof |
| CN108077657A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-05-29 | 甘孜藏族自治州农业科学研究所 | A kind of locust man-made feeds and its preparation method and application |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 刘玉升等: "东亚飞蝗人工标准化高产关键技术", 《农业与技术》 * |
| 赵荣艳等: "《东亚飞蝗养殖与利用》", 30 September 2010, 金盾出版社 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111493029A (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2020-08-07 | 浙江农林大学 | Cultivation method of bambusa huangqiancao |
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