CN110912155A - Control strategy for energy storage auxiliary new energy power station to participate in system frequency modulation - Google Patents
Control strategy for energy storage auxiliary new energy power station to participate in system frequency modulation Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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Abstract
The invention discloses a control strategy for an energy storage auxiliary new energy power station to participate in system frequency modulation, belongs to the field of power generation, aims to provide the advantages of inertia control and droop control, can realize the control strategy for adjusting the output of an energy storage system by adopting different control strategies at different time periods of frequency modulation, and comprises the following steps: (1) the system frequency variation is divided into different time periods: the time when the system frequency fluctuates and exceeds the allowable range is recorded as t0The time when the frequency fluctuation reaches a maximum value is denoted as tmThe time when the frequency gradually returns to the normal range is denoted as ts；(2)t0At the moment when the energy storage begins to participate in primary frequency modulation, at t0To tmThe energy storage adopts inertia control to participate in power grid frequency modulation based on an inertia control model; at tmTo tsAnd step one, converting the control mode of the energy storage from inertia control to droop control. The energy storage system output can be adjusted by adopting different control strategies at different time periods of frequency modulation, and the frequency modulation effect is better by reducing the system frequency response time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power system frequency modulation, and particularly relates to a control strategy for an energy storage auxiliary new energy power station to participate in system frequency modulation.
Background
With the continuous development of society and the improvement of environmental awareness of people, the grid connection of a high-capacity new energy power station becomes a normal state. Because the output of the new energy power generation has the characteristics of intermittence, uncertainty and the like, the system can be influenced in various aspects after the power generation system is connected into a power grid.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) the demand for electricity is not in accordance with the pace of increase in installed capacity
(2) Unreasonable power supply structure leads to insufficient system regulation capability
(3) The power grid is unbalanced in development, and the implementation of related policies still needs to be perfected
(4) The problem of power grid frequency modulation caused by fluctuation characteristics of new energy
Aiming at the research of the energy storage converter, most researchers hope to improve the efficiency of an operation control strategy, and can control the charging and discharging of energy storage within the shortest time after the frequency of a power grid is disturbed, and obtain a proper energy storage power value, so that the aims of ensuring the balance of the power grid and reducing the operation cost are fulfilled. However, in the literature, relatively few methods have been proposed to combine two or more control strategies. Different control strategies have certain defects, and if the different control strategies are combined according to the characteristics of the control strategies, the output of the energy storage system can be better controlled; in addition, if the frequency modulation process of the system is divided according to different time periods, the method is favorable for further researching the mechanism of energy storage participating in the frequency modulation of the system; meanwhile, the energy storage frequency modulation process is further refined, and the quality of the energy storage frequency modulation is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a control strategy for an energy storage auxiliary new energy power station to participate in system frequency modulation, which is used for controlling the functional output of energy storage by switching different control strategies according to the trend and time intervals of the change of the frequency of a power grid. When the energy storage system adopts the control strategy, the frequency fluctuation of the regional system is obviously improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the control strategy for the energy storage auxiliary new energy power station to participate in system frequency modulation comprises the following steps:
Step 2, at t0The energy storage begins to participate in primary frequency modulation at the moment t0Time to tmAt the moment, the stored energy adopts inertia control to participate in power grid frequency modulation;
step 3, at tmSwitching control strategies at any moment, and converting the control mode of energy storage from inertia control into droop control based on a droop control model; at tmTime to tsAnd at the moment, the control mode of energy storage is a droop control method.
Further, in step 2, when the energy storage adopts inertia control, the transfer function model expression of the energy storage participating in the primary frequency modulation of the power grid is as follows:
ΔPG(s)+ΔPE(s)-ΔPL(s)＝(Ms+D)ΔF(s) (2)
in the formulae (1) to (3), Δ PG(s) is the output power of the traditional power supply, namely the magnitude of the output force; kGRegulating power for a unit of synchronous generator; g(s) is a transfer function model of the synchronous generator; delta PE(s) is the output power of the stored energy; mEThe energy storage inertia coefficient; e(s) is an energy storage transfer function model; Δ f(s) is a form in which the frequency fluctuation Δ f is converted into a complex frequency domain; s is a complex frequency; delta PL(s) is a load disturbance; m is an inertia time constant of the power grid; d is a load damping coefficient; t isGIs the governor time constant of the synchronous generator; t isCHIs the turbine time constant.
Further, in step 3, when the energy storage adopts a droop control method, a transfer function model of the energy storage participating in primary frequency modulation of the power grid is as follows:
output power Δ P of stored energyE(s) the following:
ΔPE(s)＝-ΔF(s)·KE·E(s) (4)
wherein, KEIndicating the unit regulated power of the stored energy.
Further, in step 3, when the system frequency deviation Δ f tends to be stable and the frequency difference change rate Δ f tends to be stablevWhen the frequency is equal to 0, the frequency modulation is finished.
Further, in step 3, when t is t ═ tmAnd sending a command to the energy storage converter through the Switch module so as to Switch the control strategy.
Further, an enabling module is used for sending a switching signal to the Switch module, a port signal of the enabling module is set to be t, and t is larger than or equal to tm。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:
the battery energy storage system has the characteristics of quick response, strong power throughput capacity and the like, so that the battery energy storage system is introduced into a power grid auxiliary new energy power station to participate in frequency regulation. The frequency deviation deltaf can be improved to some extent when the energy storage adopts inertia control and droop control separately. According to the quick response characteristic of energy storage, an inertia control strategy is adopted for an energy storage system; the control method can obviously improve the initial frequency difference change rate delta fv0But aligned with the steady state frequency deviation Δ fqThe effect of (a) is not obvious; and for Δ f when droop control is used for energy storagev0Less effect but on Δ fqThe effect is more obvious. The control strategy of the invention combines the advantages of inertia control and droop control, can realize that the output of the energy storage system is adjusted by adopting different control strategies at different time intervals of frequency modulation, and has better frequency modulation effect by reducing the frequency response time of the system, thereby being beneficial to maintaining the stable operation of the regional system. After simulation analysis, the provided control strategy can effectively improve the frequency modulation effect.
When the frequency fluctuation of the system reaches a peak value, the frequency change can be gradually restored to a normal range under the action of the inertia response and the energy storage output of the traditional generator set. It is believed that when the system frequency fluctuation reaches a maximum, the system frequency reaches a quasi-steady state phase. On the basis, the action time of the stored energy participating in frequency modulation is determined.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a model diagram of a transfer function of energy storage participating in primary frequency modulation of a power grid when an energy storage battery adopts inertia control;
FIG. 2 is a model diagram of a transfer function of energy storage participating in primary frequency modulation of a power grid when an energy storage battery adopts droop control;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a control strategy model of the energy storage converter in the embodiment;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the area system after energy storage is accessed in the embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a graph of a photovoltaic output waveform in this example;
FIG. 6 is a comparison graph of frequency waveforms of the energy storage participating area system frequency modulation and the non-accessed energy storage in the present embodiment;
fig. 7 is a waveform diagram for embodying the energy storage active power output in the present embodiment;
fig. 8 is a diagram of a voltage waveform for embodying the energy storage system terminal in the present embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects and technical solutions of the present invention clearer and easier to understand. The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples, wherein the specific examples are provided for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that, in the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more unless otherwise specified. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The model shown in fig. 1 and 2 is improved based on the existing model, and the parameters in the model are adjusted to adapt to the stored energy to participate in frequency modulation. Referring to fig. 1, a control strategy for an energy storage auxiliary new energy power station to participate in system frequency modulation is shown in fig. 1, wherein when an energy storage battery adopts inertia control, a transfer function model of the energy storage participating in primary frequency modulation of a power grid is shown in fig. 1.
The transfer function is as follows:
ΔPG(s)+ΔPE(s)-ΔPL(s)＝(Ms+D)ΔF(s) (2)
the equations (1) to (3) describe the basic characteristics of the local network containing the energy storage cell, in which equations (1) to (3) Δ PG(s) is the output power of the traditional power supply, namely the magnitude of the output force; Δ f(s) is a form in which the frequency fluctuation Δ f is converted into a complex frequency domain; kGRegulating power for a unit of synchronous generator; g(s) is a transfer function model of the synchronous generator; delta PE(s) is the output power of the stored energy; mEThe energy storage inertia coefficient; e(s) is an energy storage transfer function model; s is a complex frequency; delta PL(s) represents a load disturbance; m represents an inertia time constant of the power grid; d is a load damping coefficient; t isGRepresenting the time constant of a speed regulator of the synchronous generator, and the corresponding values are 0.08 respectively; t isCHRepresenting the time constant of the steam turbine, corresponding to a value of 0.3;
the following equations (1) and (2) can be combined:
two physical quantities are defined here: one is to change the rate of change Δ f of the frequency fluctuation Δ fvDefined as the rate of change of frequency deviation, abbreviated as frequency difference rate of change, Δ fv0Namely the frequency difference change rate of the initial time when t is 0; the other is to convert Δ fqThe frequency deviation is defined as the frequency deviation when the system frequency returns to the quasi-steady state stage, which is called quasi-steady state frequency deviation for short. The conversion of these two physical quantities into the complex frequency domain may be expressed as Δ F, respectivelyv0And Δ Fq。
From the definition of the physical quantity and the formula (4), the following formula can be obtained:
from equation 5, when the load is disturbed Δ PLWhen the frequency deviation is positive, the frequency deviation change rate delta Fν0Depending on the inertial time constant M and the energy storage inertia coefficient M of the power gridEAnd the initial rate of change of frequency difference Δ Fv0Is equal to (- Δ P)L)/(M+ME). When the absolute value | Δ f(s) of the frequency fluctuation rises, the output of the synchronous generator and the energy storage battery is increased in order to adjust the change of the load, which in turn causes the rising rate of | Δ f(s) to decrease; and when the sum of the output power of the synchronous generator and the energy storage battery is larger than the fluctuation delta P of the loadL(s), | Δ f(s) | begins to recover. The load fluctuation | Δ F(s) | will eventually tend to be stable, numerically equal to the quasi-steady-state frequency deviation Δ FqAnd, as can be seen from equation 6, Δ FqSize and M ofEIs irrelevant. At this time, the output of the synchronous generator is Δ PL(s) the output of stored energy is 0.
From the above derivation, one can conclude that: when the energy storage adopts inertia control, the energy storage participates in the primary frequency modulation of the power grid, mainly plays a role in frequency fluctuation at the initial stage of frequency change, and basically plays no role in the process of restoring the system frequency to a normal state.
The concept of the droop control strategy is to adjust the power according to the originally set unit and change the operating power to automatically respond to the frequency change. When the droop control method is adopted for energy storage, a primary frequency modulation transfer function model of the power grid is shown in fig. 2.
In FIG. 2, KERepresenting the unit regulated power of the stored energy, at which time the output power Δ P of the stored energy is derivedE(s) the following:
ΔPE(s)＝-ΔF(s)·KE·E(s) (7)
similarly, the following is calculated from equation (8) according to the definition given earlier:
from the equations (8) and (9), when the load is disturbed, Δ PL(s)>At 0, | Δ F(s) | increases at a certain rate, and the initial rate of change of frequency difference Δ Fv0Is only dependent on the inertial time constant M of the grid. When the sum of the output of the energy storage and the synchronous generator exceeds delta PL(s) when, | Δ F(s) | begins to decrease, the quasi-steady state frequency deviation Δ F is reachedqThe time trend is stable, and the sum of the output of the synchronous generator and the stored energy and the delta P at the timeL(s) are equal. Obviously, the control mode can effectively improve the quasi-steady-state frequency deviation delta FqBut the rate of change of frequency difference Δ F to the initial timev0And does not work.
From the above derivation the following conclusions can be drawn: when the energy storage adopts a droop control strategy, the energy storage participates in the primary frequency modulation of the power grid, mainly plays a role in the middle and later periods of frequency disturbance, and basically does not play a role in the initial period of frequency fluctuation.
The switching of the energy storage control strategy needs to be established on the basis of frequency change, so that the frequency of the regional system needs to be tracked in real time during modeling. When the system frequency deviation exceeds the dead zone of frequency modulation after the photovoltaic power station output fluctuatesThe system participates in frequency modulation, and the corresponding time is t0(ii) a When the system frequency reaches the peak value, the slope k of the frequency waveform at this time is 0, and the frequency fluctuation amplitude corresponding to the point is maximum, and the time is recorded as tm(ii) a When the change of the system frequency reaches the peak value, the amplitude value is gradually reduced, the frequency waveform also tends to be stable, when the slope k of the frequency waveform is approximately equal to 0 and does not deviate from the frequency modulation dead zone range, the primary frequency modulation is considered to be finished, and at the moment, the slope k is marked as ts。
When the frequency fluctuation of the system reaches a peak value, the frequency change can be gradually restored to a normal range under the action of the inertia response and the energy storage output of the traditional generator set. Here aligned with the steady state frequency deviation deltafqThe time of (a) is simplified: it is believed that when the system frequency fluctuation reaches a maximum, the system frequency reaches a quasi-steady state phase. On the basis, the action time of the energy storage participating in frequency modulation is as follows:
(1) the system frequency variation is first divided into different time periods: the time when the system frequency fluctuates and begins to exceed the allowable range is denoted as t0The time at which the frequency fluctuation reaches a maximum is denoted as tmAnd the time when the frequency returns to the normal range is recorded as ts。
(2)t0The moment when the stored energy begins to participate in primary frequency modulation; at t0To tmStep one, energy storage is controlled by inertia to participate in power grid frequency modulation; at tmTo tsAnd step one, converting the control mode of the energy storage from inertia control to droop control.
(3) When the frequency deviation delta f of the system tends to be stable until the frequency difference change rate delta fvWhen the frequency is equal to 0, the primary frequency modulation end is defined as the quasi-steady state time t of the system frequencyqWith tqAs the moment when the stored energy exits the primary frequency modulation.
Simulation verification: a typical two-region interconnection system simulation model is built, the two-region four-machine simulation model is composed of two completely symmetrical regions, and the two completely symmetrical regions are connected together by two 220kV/50Hz connecting lines which are 220km long. The selected new energy power station type is photovoltaic. The capacity of the photovoltaic power station is 100MW, the photovoltaic inverter outputs 380V, the voltage is increased to 35kV through the step-up transformer, the voltage is increased to 220kV through the transformer, and the voltage is collected to a 220kV bus through a 10km line.
The key of the comprehensive control strategy provided by the invention is that when t is t, t ismAnd switching the control strategy of the energy storage converter. To implement this function, a Switch block and a timer Clock block in Simulink are required. The Clock module can record the time when the system frequency changes and output simulation time. The limit of the Clock module is that it cannot output a signal that triggers the Switch module to Switch the control strategy. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a new Simulink sub-module, which can realize t ═ tmAnd sending a switching command to the Switch, and then switching the control strategy by the Switch module. The design idea of the module is as follows: an Enabled Subsystem module (Enabled Subsystem) introduced into Simulink, the Enabled Subsystem module being characterized by: an enable port may be accessed, and the enabling subsystem module may execute only if the enable port signal is greater than 0. Thus, the enable port signal is set to t, t ≧ tmThe executed subsystem command is to send a Switch signal to the Switch module. Therefore, a conversion signal sending submodule can be built, and the combination of two control modes is realized through the built conversion signal sending submodule and the Switch module. A schematic diagram of the energy storage control mode transition is shown in fig. 3.
A100 MW photovoltaic power station and a 50MW energy storage are connected into a system in parallel, and the structural schematic diagram of the corresponding regional system is shown in FIG. 4. All 1-11 in FIG. 4 are bus bars.
When t is 30s, the photovoltaic output falls from the rated power to 40 percent of rated output; when t is 60s, the power is increased back to the rated output; and when t is 90s, the photovoltaic off-line exits. The corresponding photovoltaic output variation is shown in fig. 5.
The comparison between the frequency modulation of the energy storage participation area system and the frequency oscillogram when the energy storage is not accessed is shown in fig. 6. The corresponding energy storage system output is shown in fig. 7.
The frequency waveform after the energy storage is accessed in fig. 6 is analyzed: when t is 30s, the system frequency fluctuates due to photovoltaic output fluctuation, and at the moment, the energy storage adopts inertia control to participate in system frequency modulation; when t is approximately equal to 50s, the fluctuation amplitude of the system frequency is maximum, and at the moment, the control strategy of the energy storage system is switched to droop control until the system frequency is recovered to be stable; when t is 90s, the photovoltaic is disconnected and quits, and the system frequency is mutated; because the amplitude of the frequency fluctuation is large in a short time, the energy storage still adopts droop control to participate in the frequency adjustment. Fig. 8 illustrates that the terminal voltage is substantially stable during the energy storage operation and is always in the normal operation state. The analysis shows that the frequency fluctuation of the regional power grid is obviously improved after the energy storage system is accessed, and the safe and stable operation of the system is facilitated.
The invention mainly introduces the implementation process of the control strategy of the energy storage converter. The control strategy combines the inertia control and the droop control of the energy storage system, uses different control strategies at different time intervals of frequency modulation, and can exert respective advantages of the two control strategies. After simulation analysis, the provided control strategy can effectively improve the frequency modulation effect.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A control strategy for an energy storage auxiliary new energy power station to participate in system frequency modulation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, dividing a system into different time intervals according to frequency change: the time when the system frequency fluctuates and exceeds the allowable range is recorded as t0The time when the system frequency fluctuation reaches the maximum value is recorded as tmAnd the time when the system frequency returns to the normal range is recorded as ts；
Step 2, at t0The energy storage begins to participate in primary frequency modulation at the moment t0Time to tmAt the moment, the stored energy adopts inertia control to participate in power grid frequency modulation;
step 3, at tmAt the moment, the control strategy is switched and storedThe energy control mode is converted from inertia control into droop control based on the droop control model; at tmTime to tsAnd at the moment, the control mode of energy storage is a droop control method.
2. The control strategy for the energy storage auxiliary new energy power station to participate in system frequency modulation according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, when the energy storage adopts inertia control, the expression of the transfer function model of the energy storage participating in the primary frequency modulation of the power grid is as follows:
ΔPG(s)+ΔPE(s)-ΔPL(s)＝(Ms+D)ΔF(s) (2)
in the formulae (1) to (3), Δ PG(s) is the output power of the traditional power supply, namely the magnitude of the output force; kGRegulating power for a unit of synchronous generator; g(s) is a transfer function model of the synchronous generator; delta PE(s) is the output power of the stored energy; mEThe energy storage inertia coefficient; e(s) is an energy storage transfer function model; Δ f(s) is a form in which the frequency fluctuation Δ f is converted into a complex frequency domain; s is a complex frequency; delta PL(s) is a load disturbance; m is an inertia time constant of the power grid; d is a load damping coefficient; t isGIs the governor time constant of the synchronous generator; t isCHIs the turbine time constant.
3. The control strategy for the energy storage auxiliary new energy power station to participate in system frequency modulation according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, when the energy storage adopts a droop control method, a transfer function model of the energy storage participating in the primary frequency modulation of the power grid is as follows:
output power Δ P of stored energyE(s) the following:
ΔPE(s)＝-ΔF(s)·KE·E(s) (4)
wherein, KEIndicating the unit regulated power of the stored energy.
4. The strategy as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 3, when the system frequency deviation Δ f tends to be stable and the frequency difference change rate Δ f tends to be stable, the control strategy is characterized in thatvWhen the frequency is equal to 0, the frequency modulation is finished.
5. The strategy for controlling the participation of the energy-storage auxiliary new energy power station in the system frequency modulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 3, when t is t, t ismAnd sending a command to the energy storage converter through the Switch module so as to Switch the control strategy.
6. The strategy of claim 5, wherein in step 3, the enabling module is used to send a switching signal to the Switch module, a port signal of the enabling module is set to t, t is greater than or equal to tm。
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| CN111555310B (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2023-07-21 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Method for participating in frequency modulation of asynchronous power grid at transmitting end by new energy |
| CN111555309B (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2023-09-22 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Method for participating in frequency modulation of asynchronous power grid at transmitting end by new energy |
| CN112564188A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-03-26 | 南理工泰兴智能制造研究院有限公司 | Frequency modulation control system of new energy power station |
| CN112865138A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-05-28 | 清华大学 | Energy storage primary frequency modulation control method and device for power system |
| CN112865138B (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2022-08-16 | 清华大学 | Energy storage primary frequency modulation control method and device for power system |
| CN112600229A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-04-02 | 沈阳微控新能源技术有限公司 | Magnetic suspension flywheel energy storage array system for island power grid and control method thereof |
| CN112600229B (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-06-22 | 沈阳微控新能源技术有限公司 | Magnetic suspension flywheel energy storage array system for island power grid and control method thereof |
| CN113178899A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-07-27 | 国家电网有限公司华东分部 | Comprehensive analysis method for primary frequency modulation performance of control area in regional power grid |
| CN113178899B (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2024-07-09 | 国家电网有限公司华东分部 | Comprehensive analysis method for primary frequency modulation performance of control area in regional power grid |
| CN114221383A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-03-22 | 阳光新能源开发股份有限公司 | New energy power station and control method and device thereof |
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