CN102244498B - Power generating unit driver, power generating unit and energy output equipment in power grid - Google Patents
Power generating unit driver, power generating unit and energy output equipment in power grid Download PDFInfo
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- CN102244498B CN102244498B CN2011100599052A CN201110059905A CN102244498B CN 102244498 B CN102244498 B CN 102244498B CN 2011100599052 A CN2011100599052 A CN 2011100599052A CN 201110059905 A CN201110059905 A CN 201110059905A CN 102244498 B CN102244498 B CN 102244498B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a power generating unit driver, a power generating unit and energy output equipment in a power grid. The power generating unit driver comprises a drive controller and a convertor, wherein the drive controller is used for generating drive signals in accordance with first control signals and second control signals; the convertor is used for converting an input energy source from a first voltage to a second voltage in accordance with the drive signals and outputting the second voltage to a motor connected with the power generating unit driver; the first control signals represent the running state information of the motor; and the second control signals comprise the efficiency and the voltage amplitude of the power grid. According to the invention, the power supply of the power grid can be stabilized preferably.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric power system, generator unit driver, generator unit and energy output equipment in espespecially a kind of electrical network.
Background technology
At present, small-sized of can refer to be formed by one or more parts such as distributed power generation unit, energy conversion device, supervising device, protective device and relevant loads of microgrid, join, using electricity system.Wherein, what is called is small-sized is to compare little with the scale of trunk electrical network.Microgrid both can with external electrical network (such as the trunk electrical network etc.) side by side/in parallel/be incorporated into the power networks, also can independent operating.Generally speaking, microgrid is an autonomous system that can realize self-control, self-protection and self-management.
Generator unit in the microgrid generally has the polytypes such as the first energy generator unit and the second energy generator unit.Wherein, the first energy generator unit adopts and drives such as regenerative resource, this first energy generator unit can specific implementation be batch (-type) renewable energy power generation unit, adopts to drive such as batch (-type) regenerative resources such as photovoltaic (photovoltaic, PV), wind-force; The second energy generator unit adopts such as traditional energy, such as drivings such as coal, combustion gas, diesel oil, small-sized water power.Particularly, batch (-type) renewable energy power generation unit is comprised of energy capture device and power electronics energy conversion equipment, and conduct and net unit access microgrid.Wherein, power electronics energy conversion equipment can be such as converter (converter) or inverter (inverter) etc., converter is used for carrying out general power conversion such as exchanging (Alternating Current, AC) input direct-current (Direct Current, DC) output (being AC/DC), DC/AC, DC/DC, AC/AC etc., inverter is mainly used in realizing the DC/AC conversion.Since the batch (-type) regenerative resource have energy density low, be subjected to that weather and environmental influence are large, output-power fluctuation is strong, be difficult to the characteristics such as Accurate Prediction, total installed capacity of the batch (-type) renewable energy power generation unit in the microgrid is subject to larger restriction usually.If surpass this restriction, then can't guarantee the safe and stable operation of microgrid, also may give the stable unfavorable factor of bringing of coupled external electrical network.
The conventional method of batch (-type) renewable energy power generation unit access microgrid as shown in Figure 1, use generating set (such as small-sized water power, the diesel generation etc.) foundation of traditional energy and voltage and the frequency of stable microgrid, and the conduct of batch (-type) regenerative resource and net unit adopt current source control mode access microgrid, and this is the first microgrid pattern.Particularly, Fig. 1 comprises following part: external electrical network 11, microgrid 12.Wherein, external electrical network 11 can be trunk electrical network or another microgrid that is different from microgrid 12.Further, microgrid 12 comprises: one or more photovoltaic branch road PV1 ... PVn, one or more wind-force branch road, diesel oil or hydroelectric generator 106, load 107, switch 108.Further, photovoltaic branch road, wind-force branch road, diesel oil or hydroelectric generator 106, load 107 all are connected on the public interface (point ofcommon coupling, PCC).Particularly, the PCC installing is ac bus.Further, each photovoltaic branch road comprises: PV array 101, DC/AC inverter 102; Each wind-force branch road comprises: wind-driven generator 103, AC/DC inverter 104, DC/AC inverter 105.Under this pattern, for guaranteeing reliable, the stable operation of microgrid, need voltage and the frequency stabilization of the jumbo conventional power source of configuration to keep microgrid.At this moment, batch (-type) renewable energy power generation unit does not participate in the voltage of microgrid and the adjusting of frequency, and its total power generating capacity ratio is subject to larger restriction in microgrid.
Based on the first microgrid pattern, for improving the generate output ratio of batch (-type) renewable energy power generation unit in microgrid, German patent application DE 10 2,005 023 290 A1 propose the topological sum control program of a kind of two-way storage battery inverter (hereinafter referred to as two way convertor), and this patent application is had by the SMA company of Germany.According to this patent application, microgrid can be comprised of two way convertor and conventional power generation usage unit (such as diesel generating set, small power station's unit) parallel running, is the second microgrid pattern shown in Figure 2.This pattern by batteries and two way convertor as an energy adjustment link in the microgrid, participate in the balance control of microgrid active power, improve the access ratio of batch (-type) renewable energy power generation unit in microgrid by the adjusting to microgrid active power, and guarantee simultaneously the stability of microgrid operation.Composition structure and Fig. 1 of Fig. 2 are similar, and difference is, the microgrid among Fig. 2 also comprises: one or more storage battery branch roads, be storage battery branch road 1 to storage battery branch road n, wherein the value of n can arrange according to actual needs, herein without particular limitation of.Further, each storage battery branch road comprises: storage battery 209, two-way DC/AC inverter 210.But present, the power grade of two way convertor enabled production is limited, and because technical reason, the quantity of organizing the two way convertor parallel running also is subject to larger restriction more, and therefore the power system capacity of this microgrid pattern has larger restriction.Further, in this microgrid pattern, two way convertor is to realize system's frequency modulation by passive active power regulation, has hysteresis quality in power control, and two way convertor is limited to the regulating action of reactive power, so this microgrid pattern can't fundamentally solve the access ratio problems of batch (-type) energy generator unit in microgrid.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention proposes generator unit driver, generator unit and the energy output equipment in a kind of electrical network, can play better effect to mains supply stable when utilizing the batch (-type) energy.For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that various embodiments of the present invention provide comprises:
Generator unit driver in a kind of electrical network comprises:
Driving governor is used for generating the driving signal according to the first control signal that gets access to and the second control signal;
Converter, being used for according to described driving signal is second voltage with input energy sources from the first voltage transformation, exports to the motor that is connected with described generator unit driver;
Wherein, described the first control signal running state information that is described motor; Described the second control signal comprises mains frequency and/or the line voltage amplitude of described electrical network.
The running state information of described motor comprises one of following or its combination in any: motor armature voltage, motor armature electric current, motor rotor rotating speed;
Described driving governor is used for: the running state information according to described mains frequency and described motor generates described driving signal.
The running state information of described motor further comprises: motor output torque; Described the second control signal further comprises: the line voltage amplitude;
Described driving governor is used for: the running state information according to the energy-storage system information of electrical network, described line voltage amplitude, described mains frequency and described motor generates described driving signal.
Described driving governor comprises:
The tach signal generation module is used for the error signal of given frequency and described mains frequency is adjusted, and obtains rotary speed reference signal and offers driving signal generation module;
Described driving signal generation module is used for generating described driving signal according to the running state information of described rotary speed reference signal and described motor.
Described tach signal generation module comprises: automatic controller, amplitude limiter.
Described converter is that direct current arrives AC inverter or DC-to-DC converter.
Generator unit in a kind of electrical network comprises:
Energy capture device is used for catching one or more batch (-type) energy;
Charge controller is used for utilizing the batch (-type) energy of catching to export the first voltage;
The generator unit driver is used for according to the first control signal of motor input and the second control signal of described electrical network input, is that second voltage is to drive described motor with described the first voltage transformation;
Described motor is used for dragging the synchronous generator operation under the effect of described second voltage;
Described synchronous generator for the public interface that connects this electrical network, is exported to this electrical network with the electric energy that self produces.
This generator unit further comprises: transformer after being used for the second voltage that described generator unit driver generates is converted to tertiary voltage, offer described motor, and described motor is medium-high voltage motor.
This generator unit further comprises: the energy storage module;
The first side of described charge controller links to each other with described energy capture device, the second side of described charge controller links to each other with the first side of described generator unit driver, and described energy storage module links to each other with the second side of described charge controller and the first side of described generator unit driver.
Described energy storage module comprises: energy-storage system and energy storage manager;
Described energy storage manager is used for gathering the information of described energy-storage system, inputs to described generator unit driver as described the 3rd control signal.
Described generator unit driver is used for: the 3rd control signal, the first control signal of described motor input and the second control signal of described electrical network input inputted according to described energy storage module are described second voltage with described the first voltage transformation.
Described the first control signal comprises: motor armature voltage, motor armature electric current, motor rotor rotating speed, motor output torque; Described the second control signal comprises: mains frequency, line voltage amplitude; Described the 3rd control signal comprises: energy-storage system voltage.
Described the 3rd control signal further comprises: energy-storage system electric current, energy-storage system temperature, energy-storage system state-of-charge.
Described energy capture device is photovoltaic array, and described charge controller is DC-to-DC converter; Perhaps
Described energy capture device is wind-driven generator, and described charge controller is the AC-to DC converter.
This generator unit comprises: a plurality of generator unit branch roads;
Each generator unit branch road comprises described energy capture device, described charge controller, described energy storage module, described generator unit driver, described motor, described synchronous generator.
This generator unit comprises: a plurality of energy input branch roads, and each energy input branch road comprises switch, described energy capture device and described charge controller, described switch is arranged on the second side of described charge controller;
Described each energy input branch road is connected with the first side and the described energy storage module of described generator unit driver by described switch.
This generator unit comprises: a plurality of driving branch roads, each drives branch road and comprises switch, described energy capture device, described charge controller, described energy storage module and described generator unit driver, and described switch is arranged on the second side of described generator unit driver;
Described each driving branch road is connected with described motor by described switch.
This generator unit comprises:
A plurality of energy input branch roads, each energy input branch road comprises the first switch, described energy capture device and described charge controller, described the first switch is arranged on the second side of described charge controller;
A plurality of energy output branch roads, each energy output branch road comprises second switch, described generator unit driver, described motor, described synchronous generator, described second switch is arranged on the first side of described generator unit driver;
Described each energy input branch road is connected with described energy storage module by described the first switch, and described each energy output branch road is connected with described energy storage module by described second switch.
Described generator unit driver comprises: the second converter, driving governor;
Described driving governor is used for generating the driving signal according to described the first control signal, the second control signal and the 3rd control signal, offers described the second converter.
Described driving governor comprises: tach signal generation module and driving signal generation module;
Described tach signal generation module is used for the error signal of given frequency and described mains frequency is adjusted, and obtains rotary speed reference signal and offers described driving signal generation module, generates described driving signal by described driving signal generation module.
When described motor was alternating current motor, described the second converter was that direct current arrives AC inverter; Perhaps
When described motor was DC motor, described the second converter was DC-to-DC converter.
Energy output equipment in a kind of electrical network comprises:
Aforesaid generator unit driver is used for according to the first control signal of motor input and the second control signal of described electrical network input, is that second voltage is to drive described motor with described the first voltage transformation;
Described motor is used for dragging the synchronous generator operation under the effect of described second voltage;
Described synchronous generator for the public interface that connects this electrical network, is exported to this electrical network with the electric energy that self produces.
A kind of microgrid comprises aforesaid generator unit, and described generator unit is connected on the points of common connection of this microgrid;
Also comprise: the one or more loads that are connected to described points of common connection.
Therefore the generator unit driver in the electrical network that the embodiment of the invention provides, generator unit, energy output equipment can play better effect to this mains supply stable.
Hereinafter will also come by reference to the accompanying drawings such scheme of the present invention, technical characterictic, advantage and implementation thereof are further described by the explanation to embodiment in clear and definite understandable mode.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is conventional microgrid topology diagram;
Fig. 2 is two way convertor microgrid topology diagram;
Fig. 3 is the microgrid topology diagram that utilizes the motor synchronizing inverter;
Fig. 4 a is the generator unit driver of setting up based on the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 b is the generator unit of setting up based on the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 c is the microgrid topology diagram of setting up based on the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the composition structure chart of energy input module in the one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 is the composition structure chart of energy output module in the one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 exchanges the structural representation that drives generator unit in the one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 8 is the control system figure that interchange shown in Figure 7 drives generator unit;
Fig. 9 is the composition structure chart of ac driver in the generator unit shown in Figure 7;
Figure 10 is the structural representation of DC driven generator unit in the one embodiment of the invention;
Figure 11 is the composition structure chart of dc driver in the generator unit shown in Figure 10;
Figure 12 be in the one embodiment of the invention by ac driver by the transformer rear drive mesohigh alternating current motor that boosts, drag again synchronous generator, the generator unit structural representation of single branch road operation;
Figure 13 drives alternating current motor by ac driver in the one embodiment of the invention, drags synchronous generator, the generator unit structural representation of multiple branch circuit parallel running again;
Figure 14 drives DC motor by dc driver in the one embodiment of the invention, drags synchronous generator, the generator unit structural representation of multiple branch circuit parallel running again;
Figure 15 is in parallel in the energy storage side by many groups ac driver in the one embodiment of the invention, jointly drives alternating current motor, drags the generator unit structural representation of synchronous generator again;
Figure 16 is in parallel in the energy storage side by many groups dc driver in the one embodiment of the invention, jointly drives DC motor, drags the generator unit structural representation of synchronous generator again;
Figure 17 is in parallel at outlet side by many groups ac driver in the one embodiment of the invention, jointly drives alternating current motor, drags the generator unit structural representation of synchronous generator again;
Figure 18 is in parallel at outlet side by many groups dc driver in the one embodiment of the invention, jointly drives DC motor, drags the generator unit structural representation of synchronous generator again;
Figure 19 drives alternating current motor by ac driver in the one embodiment of the invention, drags synchronous generator again, multiple branch circuit parallel running, the generator unit structural representation of shared energy-storage system;
Figure 20 drives DC motor by dc driver in the one embodiment of the invention, drags synchronous generator again, multiple branch circuit parallel running, the generator unit structural representation of shared energy-storage system.
Particularly, the reference symbol of using in the above-mentioned accompanying drawing is as follows:
Fig. 1: external electrical network 11, microgrid 12, PV array 101, DC/AC inverter 102, wind-driven generator 103, AC/DC inverter 104, DC/AC inverter 105, diesel oil or hydroelectric generator 106, load 107, switch 108;
Fig. 2: storage battery 209, two-way DC/AC inverter 210;
Fig. 3: external electrical network 31, hydroelectric generator 301, diesel engine generator 302, PV array 303, DC/DC converter 304, storage battery 305, motor synchronizing inverter 306, load 307, switch 308;
Fig. 4 a-Fig. 4 c: external electrical network 41, SPU branch road 42, energy input module 43, energy output module 44, hydroelectric generator 401, diesel engine generator 402, energy capture device 403, charge controller 404, energy storage module 405, generator unit driver 406, motor 407, synchronous generator 408, load 409, driving governor 4061, converter 4062;
Fig. 5: PV array 501, DC/DC converter 502, wind-driven generator 503, AC/DC converter 504;
Fig. 6: the first energy output sub-module 61, the second energy output sub-module 62, SPU dc driver 601, DC motor 602, synchronous generator 603, SPU ac driver 604, alternating current motor 605, synchronous generator 606;
Fig. 7: energy capture device 701, charge controller 702, energy storage module 703, SPU ac driver 704, alternating current motor 705, synchronous generator 706, DC/AC inverter 7041, driving governor 7042, energy-storage system 7031, energy storage manager 7032;
Fig. 8: exciter control system 807, driving pulse 8043;
Fig. 9: drive signal generation module 9044, tach signal generation module 9045;
Figure 10: SPU dc driver 1004, DC motor 1005, DC/DC converter 1014, driving governor 1024;
Figure 11: drive signal generation module 1144, tach signal generation module 1145;
Figure 12: energy capture device 1201, charge controller 1202, storage battery 1203, SPU ac driver 1204, alternating current motor 1205, synchronous generator 1206, transformer 1207;
Figure 13: energy capture device 1301, charge controller 1302, storage battery 1303, SPU ac driver 1304, alternating current motor 1305, synchronous generator 1306, energy capture device 1311, charge controller 1312, storage battery 1313, SPU ac driver 1314, alternating current motor 1315, synchronous generator 1316;
Figure 14: energy capture device 1401, charge controller 1402, storage battery 1403, SPU dc driver 1404, DC motor 1405, synchronous generator 1406, energy capture device 1411, charge controller 1412, storage battery 1413, SPU dc driver 1414, DC motor 1415, synchronous generator 1416;
Figure 15: energy capture device 1501, charge controller 1502, storage battery 1503, SPU ac driver 1504, alternating current motor 1505, synchronous generator 1506, switch 1507, energy capture device 1511, charge controller 1512, switch 1517;
Figure 16: energy capture device 1601, charge controller 1602, storage battery 1603, SPU dc driver 1604, DC motor 1605, synchronous generator 1606, switch 1607, energy capture device 1611, charge controller 1612, switch 1617;
Figure 17: energy capture device 1701, charge controller 1702, energy storage module 1703, SPU ac driver 1704, alternating current motor 1705, synchronous generator 1706, switch 1707, energy capture device 1711, charge controller 1712, energy storage module 1713, SPU ac driver 1714, switch 1717;
Figure 18: energy capture device 1801, charge controller 1802, storage battery 1803, SPU dc driver 1804, DC motor 1805, synchronous generator 1806, switch 1807, energy capture device 1811, charge controller 1812, storage battery 1813, SPU dc driver 1814, switch 1817;
Figure 19: energy capture device 1901, charge controller 1902, storage battery 1903, SPU ac driver 1904, alternating current motor 1905, synchronous generator 1906, the first switch 1907, second switch 1908, energy capture device 1911, charge controller 1912, SPU ac driver 1914, alternating current motor 1915, synchronous generator 1916, the first switch 1917, second switch 1918;
Figure 20: energy capture device 2001, charge controller 2002, storage battery 2003, SPU dc driver 2004, DC motor 2005, synchronous generator 2006, the first switch 2007, second switch 2008, energy capture device 2011, charge controller 2012, SPU dc driver 2014, DC motor 2015, synchronous generator 2016, the first switch 2017, second switch 2018.
Embodiment
For making purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, referring to the accompanying drawing embodiment that develops simultaneously, the present invention is described in more detail.
Fig. 3 illustrates a kind of microgrid structure different from Fig. 1 or Fig. 2, is the third microgrid pattern, comprises following part: external electrical network 31, microgrid.Further, this microgrid comprises: one or more waterpower branch roads, one or more diesel oil branch road, one or more inverter leg, load 307, switch 308.Further, each waterpower branch road comprises: hydroelectric generator 301; Each diesel oil branch road comprises: diesel engine generator 302; Each inverter leg comprises: PV array 303, DC/DC converter 304, storage battery 305, motor synchronizing inverter 306.Wherein, motor synchronizing inverter 306 can adopt US Patent No. 6,693, and do not rely on synchronizing signal and communication signal that 809B2 proposes are realized the scheme of voltage source inverter automatic parallel operation, and this patent is had by German ISET.According to the description of this patent, this inverter has the droop characteristic of similar conventional synchronous generator unit.Correspondingly, this inverter can form microgrid with diesel engine generator or small hydro generator or other generator unit parallel runnings with synchronous generator external characteristic.Particularly, in this microgrid structure, motor synchronizing inverter 306 is in parallel with small hydro generator 301, jointly participates in voltage and the frequency adjustment of microgrid.In theory, this scheme can be significantly and is effectively improved the capacity limit of batch (-type) renewable energy power generation unit in microgrid.But this equipment still is in research state at present, does not have matured product to utilize on the market.
Further, the embodiment of the invention proposes the generator unit driver in a kind of electrical network.Particularly, this electrical network mainly is a kind of microgrid, also can be the trunk electrical network.Shown in Fig. 4 a, 4b, this generator unit driver 406 comprises: driving governor 4061 is used for generating the driving signal according to the first control signal that receives and the second control signal; Converter 4062, being used for according to described driving signal is second voltage with input energy sources from the first voltage transformation, exports to the motor 407 that is connected with described generator unit driver 406; Wherein, described the first control signal is the running state information of motor 407, i.e. the information relevant with the running status of motor 407 can comprise one or more in motor armature voltage, motor armature electric current, the motor rotor rotating speed; Described the second control signal comprises mains frequency and/or the line voltage amplitude that the electrical network by generator unit driver 406 places feeds back.Further, the running state information of described motor 407 comprises: motor output torque T
LCorrespondingly, driving governor 4061 also will be considered this motor output torque T when generating the driving signal
LDuring specific implementation, generator unit driver 406 can use transducer to obtain each control signal.Such as, generator unit driver 406 obtains its armature voltage V by a plurality of transducers from alternating current motor
A, b, cAnd for example, generator unit driver 406 obtains line voltage by a plurality of transducers from PCC, isolates mains frequency f from this line voltage again.
Generator unit (SMART PowerUnit, SPU) is by drivings such as intermittent energy source or regenerative resource or intermittent regenerative resource.Shown in Fig. 4 c, in specific implementation of the present invention, each SPU branch road is the synchronous generator unit that a batch (-type) regenerative resource drives, this generator unit external characteristic is identical with other conventional power generation usage unit (such as small hydro generator, diesel engine generator etc.), can parallel running with jointly to load 409 power supplies, or with external electrical network 41 parallel runnings.Certainly, also can not comprise the conventional power generation usage unit such as hydroelectric generator or diesel engine generator in the microgrid shown in Fig. 4 c, and by a plurality of SPU branch circuit parallel connection group net operations.It may be noted that namely being used in the energy that drives SPU shown in Fig. 4 b exists the characteristics such as power output is unstable, meeting appearance fluctuation, the SPU that the embodiment of the invention provides also can power to the stabilization of power grids.Particularly, each the SPU branch road 42 shown in Fig. 4 b comprises: energy input module 43, energy storage module 405, energy output module 44.Wherein, energy storage module 405 comprises: energy-storage system can be lead acid accumulator, lithium battery, Ni-MH battery or multiple other stored energy forms, also comprises the energy storage manager for the information that gathers this energy-storage system.
Energy input module 43 comprises the batch (-type) regenerative resource forms such as photovoltaic, wind-force, morning and evening tides, exports metastable direct voltage by corresponding power electronic controller.Particularly, energy input module 43 comprises: the energy capture device 403, the charge controller 404 that are used for catching one or more batch (-type) energy.Further, Fig. 5 illustrates an exemplary composition structure of energy input module 43, comprises following part: one or more PV branch road, one or more wind-force branch road.Wherein, each PV branch road comprises: PV array 501, DC/DC converter 502; Each wind-force branch road comprises: wind-driven generator 503 (such as windmill), AC/DC converter 504.As seen from Figure 5, photovoltaic generation is by 502 outputs of DC/DC converter, and wind power generation is by 504 outputs of AC/DC converter, and various energy resources can be in parallel to 405 chargings of energy storage module.
Energy output module 44 comprises: generator unit driver (SPU driver) 406, motor (motor) 407, synchronous generator (synchronous generator, SG) 408, this energy output module 44 can consist of an equipment, and generator unit driver 406, motor 407, synchronous generator 408 all are placed in this device housings.Wherein, motor 407 is used for converting electric energy to mechanical energy.In the practical application, motor is by using the power supply difference to be divided into DC motor and alternating current motor.Synchronous generator 408 is used for converting mechanical energy to electric energy, and its rotor and stator rotation keep same leg speed.It may be noted that motor 407 and synchronous generator 408 itself all can adopt conventional art to realize, repeat no more herein.During real work, the generator unit driver can drive alternating current motor (or DC motor), drags the synchronous generator operation again, output power frequency electric energy (output frequency is 50Hz or 60Hz).Fig. 6 illustrates an exemplary composition structure of energy output module 44, comprises following part: one or more the first energy output sub-modules 61, one or more the second energy output sub-module 62.Further, each first energy output sub-module 61 comprises: SPU dc driver 601, DC motor 602, synchronous generator 603; Each second energy output sub-module 62 comprises: SPU ac driver 604, alternating current motor 605, synchronous generator 606.
In Fig. 4 b, between energy capture device 403 and the charge controller 404, between charge controller 404 and the generator unit driver 406, between energy storage module 405 and charge controller 404, generator unit driver 406 threes, between generator unit driver 406 and the motor 407, adopt cable to connect between synchronous generator 408 and the PCC, arrow wherein represents the direction of energy flow; That mechanical type connects between motor 407 and the synchronous generator 408.
Can find out from Fig. 4 b, the generator unit 42 of setting up based on the embodiment of the invention has following main feature: (a) have and output external characteristic like the conventional power generation usage unit class; (b) afterbody of energy output is synchronous generator; (c) by the energy supply of batch (-type) regenerative resource, drag again the synchronous generator operation with the converters drive motor.
Particularly, the power adjustments of SPU shown in Fig. 4 b is divided into active power regulation and reactive power adjusting.Wherein, active power regulation is realized by generator unit driver 406, to guarantee the stable of mains frequency; Reactive power is regulated by the exciter control system of synchronous generator 408 self and is realized.Regulate for reactive power, synchronous generator 408 is regulated self exciting voltage by the judgement to line voltage amplitude situation of change, with the output voltage of control synchronous generator 408, guarantee the stable of line voltage amplitude, reach the purpose of regulating the generator unit output reactive power.
The major function of generator unit driver 406 comprises: by gathering the current running state information of each part in the microgrid, judge the running status that next is constantly possible, and by the corresponding control logic that drives, provide next constantly driving signal of motor 407, to guarantee the stable operation of whole generator unit.Particularly, generator unit driver 406 gathers the microgrid information (such as mains frequency, voltage magnitude etc.) in this control cycle, running state information (such as armature voltage, electric current, rotor speed, output torque etc.) and the energy-storage system information (such as voltage, electric current, temperature etc.) of motor, by corresponding driving control logic, provide the drive pulse signal of next control cycle, thereby reach the purpose that the generator unit active power of output is regulated.Such as, the mains frequency of current time t1 with upper one constantly t0 compare to some extent and rise, thereby then the generator unit driver 406 driving signal that passes through to generate reduces motor speed and reduces next constantly mains frequency of t2, to guarantee the stable of electrical network.
Particularly, Fig. 4 c illustrates an exemplary electrical web frame take this SPU as base configuration, comprises following part: external electrical network 41, microgrid.Further, this microgrid comprises: one or more waterpower branch roads, one or more diesel oil branch road, one or more SPU branch road 42, load 409.Can find out, this is to be different from the first microgrid structure to the third microgrid pattern, for the purpose of difference, the microgrid structure shown in Fig. 4 c can be called the 4th kind of microgrid pattern.Further, each waterpower branch road comprises: hydroelectric generator 401; Each diesel oil branch road comprises: diesel engine generator 402.
Further, Fig. 7 illustrates an exemplary composition structure of SPU branch road 42, this SPU branch road 42 drives generator unit for exchanging, and comprises following part: energy capture device 701, charge controller 702, energy storage module 703, SPU ac driver 704, alternating current motor 705, synchronous generator 706.Further, SPU ac driver 704 comprises: DC/AC inverter 7041, driving governor 7042.Further, driving governor 7042 has following input: accumulator battery voltage V
BattAlternating current motor armature voltage V
A, b, cAlternating current motor armature supply I
A, b, cAC motor rotor rotation speed n (perhaps rotor position angle θ); Alternating current motor output torque T
LMains frequency f (γ, P), wherein γ is power angle of synchronous generator, P is active power; The line voltage amplitude | U| (Q), wherein Q is reactive power; The batteries temperature T
Batt, this input is optional; Battery current I
Batt, this input is optional; Storage battery charge state SOC, this input is optional.That apply for synchronous generator 706 among Fig. 7 further, is exciting voltage E
fIt may be noted that exchanging the driving generator unit is easy to frequency control.
Particularly, Fig. 8 is an exemplary connection of SPU branch road 42 shown in Figure 7.For driving governor 7042, accumulator battery voltage V
Batt, the batteries temperature T
Batt, battery current I
Batt, the input such as storage battery charge state SOC is to be provided by the energy storage manager 7032 in the energy storage module 703, batteries temperature T wherein
Batt, battery current I
Batt, storage battery charge state SOC is optional input, in Fig. 8, illustrate with thick dashed line; Mains frequency f, line voltage amplitude | the inputs such as U| are provided by PCC; Alternating current motor armature voltage V
A, b, c, alternating current motor armature supply I
A, b, c, the input such as AC motor rotor rotation speed n provides by alternating current motor 705.Further, energy storage manager 7032 is from energy-storage system 7031 acquisition parameters, and/or receives the control signal that charge controller 702 provides.Certainly, energy storage manager 7032 also can provide control signal to charge controller 702.Further, driving governor 7042 can provide driving pulse 8043 to DC/AC inverter 7041.For synchronous generator 706, apply alternator field voltage E thereon
fProvided by exciter control system 807.
It may be noted that the driving control logic that adopts in the generator unit driver 406 has multiple implementation, the below illustrates the realization of generator unit power adjustments take proportional integral (proportional integral, the PI) control algolithm of routine as example.Particularly, Fig. 9 is an exemplary composition structure of SPU ac driver 704 shown in Figure 7, comprises following part: DC/AC inverter 7041, driving governor 7042.Further, driving governor 7042 comprises: drive signal generation module 9044, tach signal generation module 9045.Wherein, f
0Be the given frequency of system, n
*Be the motor speed reference.In actual applications, PI controller in the tach signal generation module 9045 can replace with the automatic controller of other types, such as fuzzy controller, repetitive controller, proportional controller, proportion differential (PD) controller, proportion integration differentiation (PID) controller etc.Drive a kind of specific implementation of signal generation module 9044 as shown in Figure 9, also can adopt other usual manner to realize, repeat no more herein.
Also namely, for the generator unit that adopts alternating current motor to drive, namely exchange and drive generator unit, as shown in Figure 9, generator unit driver 704 gathers the voltage V of mains frequency f, AC electrical armature
A, b, c, electric current I
A, b, c, rotor speed n and output torque T
L, batteries voltage V
Batt, electric current I
BattAnd temperature T
BattDeng signal.The given frequency f of system
0With the error signal process PI controller of mains frequency f and the adjustment of amplitude limiter, obtain the rotary speed reference signal n of alternating current motor 705
*This rotary speed reference signal and alternating current motor armature voltage, electric current, rotor speed signal and battery tension signal are inputted driving governor 7042 simultaneously, obtain the driving signal of DC/AC converter 7041 through computing, and drive alternating current motor 705 adjusting rotary speeds, reach the purpose of regulating the generator unit active power of output.Particularly, driving governor 7042 can adopt the realizations such as digital signal processor, microcontroller (microprocessor control unit, MCU) or single-chip microcomputer.
Figure 10 adopts direct current motor driven generator unit in the one embodiment of the invention, i.e. the structural representation of DC driven generator unit, and it is most of to form with shown in Figure 7 to exchange the driving generator unit similar.Difference is, Figure 10 comprises: SPU dc driver 1004, DC motor 1005.Further, SPU dc driver 1004 comprises: DC/DC converter 1014, driving governor 1024.Different from the driving governor 7042 among Fig. 7 is that the driving governor 1024 among Figure 10 has the inputs such as DC motor armature voltage V, DC motor armature electric current I, dc motor rotor rotation speed n.It may be noted that DC driven generator unit control logic is simple.
For the DC driven generator unit, as shown in figure 11, generator unit driver 1004 gathers voltage, electric current, rotor speed and output torque, the accumulator battery voltage signal etc. of mains frequency, DC motor armature.Further, the error signal of the given frequency of system and mains frequency obtains the DC motor rotation speed reference signal through the adjustment of PI controller and amplitude limiter.This rotary speed reference signal and DC motor armature voltage, electric current, rotor speed signal and battery tension signal be supplied with digital signal processor 1024 simultaneously, obtain the driving signal of DC/DC converter 1014 through computing, and drive DC motor 1005 adjusting rotary speeds, reach the purpose of regulating the generator unit active power of output.Wherein, drive the specific implementation of signal generation module 1144 not only as shown in figure 11, also can realize with reference to other usual manner, repeat no more herein.
It may be noted that the generator unit that the embodiment of the invention provides can improve the generate output ratio of batch (-type) regenerative resource in microgrid, can control again the stable of microgrid.Particularly:
(1) owing to being provided with synchronous generator 408 in the generator unit that the embodiment of the invention provides, when the microvariations of microgrid Frequency generated, utilize the electromechanical properties of synchronous generator 408 self, the microgrid frequency can automatically return to poised state, can absorb microvariations such as the rotor inertia of synchronous generator 408.
(2) when the larger disturbance of microgrid Frequency generated, the generator unit that the embodiment of the invention provides changes according to the mains frequency that detects, and regulate synchronous generator 408 active power of output, and so that the frequency of microgrid reaches stationary value.
(3) at the microgrid Frequency generated during than macromutation, the generator unit that the embodiment of the invention provides changes according to the mains frequency that detects, and regulates rapidly synchronous generator 408 active power of output, to keep the frequency stabilization of microgrid.
(4) when fluctuation occurs microgrid voltage, the generator unit that the embodiment of the invention provides changes according to the system voltage amplitude that detects, and regulates the exciting voltage E of synchronous generator 408
f, the voltage stabilization of assurance microgrid.
(5) when weather and environmental condition cause the power output short-term fluctuation of regenerative resource, effect by charge controller 404 in the energy input module 43, change unstable input voltage into metastable direct voltage, to energy storage module 405 control of charging.Further, provide energy snubber by energy storage module 405, realized the dynamic decoupling of input energy and output energy, eliminate the impact of regenerative resource short-term output power fluctuation.
(6) energy storage module 405 is in longer charge and discharge process, and its port voltage is corresponding changing also.By the electric pressure of energy storage module 405 and motor 407 is carried out appropriate design, so that generator unit driver 406 has enough operating voltages under extreme condition of work, to guarantee providing stable driving power as the motor 407 of rear class.
Further, based on the generator unit that Fig. 7 and Figure 10 provide, can be out of shape and various generator unit topological structure.Wherein, Fig. 7 directly drives low-voltage ac electric motor by ac driver in the one embodiment of the invention, drags synchronous generator again, the generator unit of single branch road operation; Figure 10 drives DC motor by dc driver in the one embodiment of the invention, drags synchronous generator again, the generator unit of single branch road operation.Figure 12 is the topological structure after the distortion in the embodiment of the invention to Figure 20.
Figure 12 be in the one embodiment of the invention by ac driver by the transformer rear drive mesohigh alternating current motor that boosts, drag again synchronous generator, the generator unit structural representation of single branch road operation.In Figure 12, generator unit only has a branch road, specifically comprises following part: energy capture device 1201, charge controller 1202, storage battery 1203, SPU ac driver 1204, alternating current motor 1205, synchronous generator 1206, transformer 1207.Particularly, this transformer 1207 offers described alternating current motor 1205 after being converted to tertiary voltage for the second voltage that described SPU ac driver 1204 is generated.It may be noted that the power that the mesohigh alternating current motor provides is large, thereby and the little loss of electric current little.
Figure 13 drives alternating current motor by ac driver in the one embodiment of the invention, drags synchronous generator, the generator unit structural representation of multiple branch circuit parallel running again.In Figure 13, generator unit has a plurality of generator unit branch roads, and the composition of each generator unit branch road is identical with Fig. 7, repeats no more herein.Can find out, adopt a plurality of generator unit branch roads, can improve the total power generating capacity of the batch (-type) energy.
Figure 14 drives DC motor by dc driver in the one embodiment of the invention, drags synchronous generator, the generator unit structural representation of multiple branch circuit parallel running again.In Figure 14, generator unit has a plurality of generator unit branch roads, and the composition of each generator unit branch road is identical with Figure 10, repeats no more herein.
Figure 15 is in parallel in the energy storage side by many groups ac driver in the one embodiment of the invention, jointly drives alternating current motor, drags the generator unit structural representation of synchronous generator again.A side that it may be noted that ac driver connection storage battery is called as energy storage side (or being called the first side), and a side that connects motor is called as outlet side (or being called the second side).In Figure 15, generator unit comprises following part: multichannel comprises energy input branch road, storage battery 1503, SPU ac driver 1504, alternating current motor 1505, the synchronous generator 1506 of energy capture device, charge controller, switch.Wherein, the first energy input branch road comprises: energy capture device 1501, charge controller 1502, switch 1507; The second energy input branch road comprises: energy capture device 1511, charge controller 1512, switch 1517.Can find out, adopt distributed input shown in Figure 15, so that the installation of the generator unit that the embodiment of the invention provides is more flexible, not be subjected to site limitation.
Figure 16 is in parallel in the energy storage side by many groups dc driver in the one embodiment of the invention, jointly drives DC motor, drags the generator unit structural representation of synchronous generator again.Composition and Figure 15 of it may be noted that Figure 16 are similar, and difference is, what adopt among Figure 16 is that SPU dc driver 1604 drives DC motor 1605.
Figure 17 is in parallel at outlet side by many groups ac driver in the one embodiment of the invention, jointly drives alternating current motor, drags the generator unit structural representation of synchronous generator again.In Figure 17, generator unit comprises following part: multichannel comprises driving branch road, alternating current motor 1705, the synchronous generator 1706 of energy capture device, charge controller, storage battery, SPU ac driver, switch.Wherein, the first driving branch road comprises: energy capture device 1701, charge controller 1702, energy storage module 1703, SPU ac driver 1704, switch 1707; Second drives branch road comprises: energy capture device 1711, charge controller 1712, energy storage module 1713, SPU ac driver 1714, switch 1717.Can find out, Figure 17 is a motor configurations multiplex driver, thereby solves motor and the unmatched problem of actuator power so that the combination of generator unit more flexible, be easy to upgrade.
Figure 18 is in parallel at outlet side by many groups dc driver in the one embodiment of the invention, jointly drives DC motor, drags the generator unit structural representation of synchronous generator again.Composition and Figure 17 of it may be noted that Figure 18 are similar, and difference is, what adopt among Figure 18 is that SPU dc driver 1804 drives DC motor 1805.
Figure 19 drives alternating current motor by ac driver in the one embodiment of the invention, drags synchronous generator again, multiple branch circuit parallel running, the generator unit structural representation of shared energy-storage system.In Figure 19, generator unit comprises following part: multichannel comprises that energy input branch road, storage battery 1903, the multichannel of energy capture device, charge controller, the first switch comprise the energy output branch road of second switch, SPU ac driver, alternating current motor, synchronous generator.Wherein, the first energy input branch road comprises: energy capture device 1901, charge controller 1902, the first switch 1907; The second energy input branch road comprises: energy capture device 1911, charge controller 1912, the first switch 1917.Have, the first energy output branch road comprises: second switch 1908, SPU ac driver 1904, alternating current motor 1905, synchronous generator 1906 again; The second energy output branch road comprises: second switch 1918, SPU ac driver 1914, alternating current motor 1915, synchronous generator 1916.Can find out, Multi-input parallel can disconnect maintenance so that certain road is inputted when breaking down, and can not have influence on the work of whole generator unit, and the multichannel output-parallel is so that the increase of output or minimizing are easier to control, thus the operating efficiency of raising generator unit.
Figure 20 drives DC motor by dc driver in the one embodiment of the invention, drags synchronous generator again, multiple branch circuit parallel running, the generator unit structural representation of shared energy-storage system.Composition and Figure 19 of it may be noted that Figure 20 are similar, and difference is, what adopt among Figure 20 is that SPU dc driver 2004 drives DC motor 2005.
Can find out from the technical scheme of above record:
1) generator unit of the embodiment of the invention adopts synchronous generator to finish energy output, and the stability of a system of microgrid is strong, is convenient to power decoupled control.
2) generator unit of the embodiment of the invention has autosync, can realize easily the input when a plurality of generator units are in parallel or withdraw from power system capacity expansion convenience.
3) the generator unit afterbody of the embodiment of the invention is dynamo-electric link, traditional generator unit of power electronic device than afterbody, the average uninterrupted operation time significantly improves, and the annual hours of operation significantly improves, and annual energy output also significantly improves.
4) because dynamo-electric link exists, when the transient wave of non-control target self appears in the power electronics driver in generator unit, also can be absorbed by the dynamo-electric link of rear class, eliminate the impact on this generator unit output quality of power supply.
5) generator unit of the embodiment of the invention has multiple flexibly compound mode when setting up the microgrid structure.
6) micro-grid system that constructs based on the embodiment of the invention can significantly improve the penetrate power capacity of regenerative resource in microgrid and limit (can reach 100% theoretically), significantly reduces using and consuming of fossil energy, and environmental benefit is good.
Above by drawings and Examples the present invention has been carried out detail display and explanation, yet the invention is not restricted to the embodiment that these have disclosed, other schemes that those skilled in the art therefrom derive out are also within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (17)
1. the generator unit driver in the electrical network is characterized in that, comprising:
Driving governor is used for generating the driving signal according to the first control signal that gets access to and the second control signal;
Converter, being used for according to described driving signal is second voltage with input energy sources from the first voltage transformation, exports to the motor that is connected with described generator unit driver;
Wherein, described the first control signal running state information that is described motor; Described the second control signal comprises mains frequency and/or the line voltage amplitude of described electrical network.
2. generator unit driver according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the running state information of described motor comprises one of following or its combination in any: motor armature voltage, motor armature electric current, motor rotor rotating speed.
3. generator unit driver according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described driving governor comprises:
The tach signal generation module is used for the error signal of given frequency and described mains frequency is adjusted, and obtains rotary speed reference signal and offers driving signal generation module;
Described driving signal generation module is used for generating described driving signal according to the running state information of described rotary speed reference signal and described motor.
4. generator unit driver according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described tach signal generation module comprises: automatic controller and amplitude limiter.
5. each described generator unit driver is characterized in that according to claim 1-4, and described converter is that direct current arrives AC inverter or DC-to-DC converter.
6. the generator unit in the electrical network is characterized in that, comprising:
Energy capture device is used for catching one or more batch (-type) energy;
Charge controller is used for utilizing the batch (-type) energy of catching to export the first voltage;
The generator unit driver is used for according to the first control signal of motor input and the second control signal of described electrical network input, is that second voltage is to drive described motor with described the first voltage transformation;
Described motor is used for dragging the synchronous generator operation under the effect of described second voltage;
Described synchronous generator for the public interface that connects this electrical network, is exported to this electrical network with the electric energy that self produces;
Wherein, described the first control signal running state information that is described motor; Described the second control signal comprises mains frequency and/or the line voltage amplitude of described electrical network.
7. generator unit according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, further comprise: transformer, after being used for the second voltage that described generator unit driver generates is converted to tertiary voltage, offer described motor, and described motor is medium-high voltage motor.
8. generator unit according to claim 6 is characterized in that, further comprises: the energy storage module;
The first side of described charge controller links to each other with described energy capture device, the second side of described charge controller links to each other with the first side of described generator unit driver, and described energy storage module links to each other with the second side of described charge controller and the first side of described generator unit driver.
9. generator unit according to claim 8 is characterized in that, described energy storage module comprises: energy-storage system and energy storage manager; Described energy storage manager is used for gathering the information of described energy-storage system, inputs to described generator unit driver as the 3rd control signal;
Described generator unit driver is used for: the 3rd control signal, the first control signal of described motor input and the second control signal of described electrical network input inputted according to described energy storage module are described second voltage with described the first voltage transformation.
10. generator unit according to claim 9 is characterized in that, described the first control signal comprises: motor armature voltage, motor armature electric current, motor rotor rotating speed, motor output torque; Described the second control signal comprises: mains frequency, line voltage amplitude; Described the 3rd control signal comprises: energy-storage system voltage.
11. each described generator unit is characterized in that according to claim 6-10,
Described energy capture device is photovoltaic array, and described charge controller is DC-to-DC converter; Perhaps
Described energy capture device is wind-driven generator, and described charge controller is the AC-to DC converter.
12. each described generator unit is characterized in that according to claim 8-10, described generator unit comprises: a plurality of generator unit branch roads;
Wherein, each generator unit branch road comprises described energy capture device, described charge controller, described energy storage module, described generator unit driver, described motor, described synchronous generator.
13. each described generator unit according to claim 6-10, it is characterized in that, described generator unit comprises: a plurality of energy input branch roads, wherein, each energy input branch road comprises switch, described energy capture device and described charge controller, and described switch is arranged on the second side of described charge controller;
Described each energy input branch road is connected with the first side and the described energy storage module of described generator unit driver by described switch.
14. each described generator unit according to claim 8-10, it is characterized in that, described generator unit comprises: a plurality of driving branch roads, wherein, each drives branch road and comprises switch, described energy capture device, described charge controller, described energy storage module and described generator unit driver, and described switch is arranged on the second side of described generator unit driver;
Described each driving branch road is connected with described motor by described switch.
15. each described generator unit is characterized in that according to claim 6-10, described generator unit comprises:
A plurality of energy input branch roads, wherein, each energy input branch road comprises the first switch, described energy capture device and described charge controller, described the first switch is arranged on the second side of described charge controller;
A plurality of energy output branch roads, wherein, each energy output branch road comprises second switch, described generator unit driver, described motor, described synchronous generator, described second switch is arranged on the first side of described generator unit driver;
Described each energy input branch road is connected with described energy storage module by described the first switch, and described each energy output branch road is connected with described energy storage module by described second switch.
16. each described generator unit is characterized in that according to claim 6-10, described generator unit driver comprises converter, and when described motor was alternating current motor, described converter was that direct current arrives AC inverter; Perhaps
When described motor was DC motor, described converter was DC-to-DC converter.
17. the energy output equipment in the electrical network is characterized in that, comprising:
Such as each described generator unit driver among the claim 1-5, be used for according to the first control signal of motor input and the second control signal of described electrical network input, be that second voltage is to drive described motor with described the first voltage transformation;
Described motor is used for dragging the synchronous generator operation under the effect of described second voltage;
Described synchronous generator for the public interface that connects this electrical network, is exported to this electrical network with the electric energy that self produces.
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011100599052A CN102244498B (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2011-03-11 | Power generating unit driver, power generating unit and energy output equipment in power grid |
| RU2013145508/07A RU2576021C2 (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2012-03-09 | Exciter for power-generating unit, power-generating unit and equipment for energy extraction from electric mains |
| US14/004,469 US20140049229A1 (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2012-03-09 | Power generation unit driver, power generation unit and energy output equipment in power grid |
| BR112013023155A BR112013023155A2 (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2012-03-09 | power generation unit controller, power generation unit and power output equipment in the mains |
| PCT/EP2012/054128 WO2012123365A2 (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2012-03-09 | Power generation unit driver, power generation unit and energy output equipment in power grid |
| EP12712079.8A EP2684269A2 (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2012-03-09 | Power generation unit driver, power generation unit and energy output equipment in power grid |
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| CN2011100599052A CN102244498B (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2011-03-11 | Power generating unit driver, power generating unit and energy output equipment in power grid |
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| CN102611139B (en) * | 2012-03-21 | 2014-02-12 | 首瑞（北京）投资管理集团有限公司 | Method and system for controlling wind power plant |
| CN103872677B (en) * | 2012-12-18 | 2016-05-18 | 西门子公司 | Generator unit and energy output equipment |
| CN103904680B (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2017-04-12 | 西门子公司 | Power supply equipment, power generation unit and power generation system |
| CN104518520B (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2017-10-10 | 西门子公司 | The control method and device of the generator unit of regenerative resource driving |
| CN103812113B (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2015-12-02 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of Voltage Drop dynamic compensating device of the feed-forward type based on wind-light-electricity complementary |
| CN103915860A (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2014-07-09 | 广东电网公司电力科学研究院 | Reactive power control method for electric generator |
| CN104953613A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-09-30 | 镇江市高等专科学校 | Intelligent building micro-grid system and control method |
| DE102017209183A1 (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2018-12-06 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Vehicle energy storage |
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| US6693809B2 (en) * | 2001-08-21 | 2004-02-17 | Institut Fuer Solare Energieversorgungstechnik (Iset) Verein An Der Universitaet Gesamthochschule Kassel E.V. | Device for equal-rated parallel operation of single-or three-phase voltage sources |
| CN101099291A (en) * | 2005-01-07 | 2008-01-02 | 西门子公司 | Generating unit and method for producing a current with a pre-determined network frequency |
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