CN102244498A - Power generating unit driver, power generating unit and energy output equipment in power grid - Google Patents
Power generating unit driver, power generating unit and energy output equipment in power grid Download PDFInfo
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- CN102244498A CN102244498A CN2011100599052A CN201110059905A CN102244498A CN 102244498 A CN102244498 A CN 102244498A CN 2011100599052 A CN2011100599052 A CN 2011100599052A CN 201110059905 A CN201110059905 A CN 201110059905A CN 102244498 A CN102244498 A CN 102244498A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a power generating unit driver, a power generating unit and energy output equipment in a power grid. The power generating unit driver comprises a drive controller and a convertor, wherein the drive controller is used for generating drive signals in accordance with first control signals and second control signals; the convertor is used for converting an input energy source from a first voltage to a second voltage in accordance with the drive signals and outputting the second voltage to a motor connected with the power generating unit driver; the first control signals represent the running state information of the motor; and the second control signals comprise the efficiency and the voltage amplitude of the power grid. According to the invention, the power supply of the power grid can be stabilized preferably.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric power system, refer to generator unit driver, generator unit and energy output equipment in a kind of electrical network especially.
Background technology
At present, small-sized of can refer to form of microgrid by one or more parts such as distributed power generation unit, energy conversion device, supervising device, protective device and relevant loads, join, using electricity system.Wherein, what is called is small-sized is to compare less with the scale of trunk electrical network.Microgrid both can with external electrical network (such as the trunk electrical network etc.) side by side/in parallel/be incorporated into the power networks, also can independent operating.Generally speaking, microgrid is an autonomous system that can realize self-control, self-protection and self-management.
Generator unit in the microgrid generally has polytypes such as first energy generator unit and second energy generator unit.Wherein, first energy generator unit adopts and drives such as regenerative resource, this first energy generator unit can specific implementation be batch (-type) renewable energy power generation unit, adopt such as photovoltaic (photovoltaic, PV), batch (-type) regenerative resource such as wind-force drives; Second energy generator unit adopts such as traditional energy, such as drivings such as coal, combustion gas, diesel oil, small-sized water power.Particularly, batch (-type) renewable energy power generation unit is made up of energy capture device and power electronics energy conversion equipment, and conduct and net unit access microgrid.Wherein, power electronics energy conversion equipment can be such as converter (converter) or inverter (inverter) etc., converter is used to carry out general Power Conversion such as exchanging (Alternating Current, AC) input direct current (Direct Current, DC) output (being AC/DC), DC/AC, DC/DC, AC/AC etc., inverter is mainly used in realizes the DC/AC conversion.Since the batch (-type) regenerative resource have energy density low, be subjected to that weather and environmental influence are big, output-power fluctuation is strong, be difficult to characteristics such as accurately prediction, total installed capacity of the batch (-type) renewable energy power generation unit in the microgrid is subjected to bigger restriction usually.If surpass this restriction, then can't guarantee the safe and stable operation of microgrid, also may give the stable unfavorable factor of bringing of coupled external electrical network.
The conventional method of batch (-type) renewable energy power generation unit access microgrid as shown in Figure 1, use generating set (as small-sized water power, the diesel generation etc.) foundation of traditional energy and the voltage and the frequency of stable microgrid, and conduct of batch (-type) regenerative resource and net unit adopt the current source control mode to insert microgrid, and this is first kind of microgrid pattern.Particularly, Fig. 1 comprises with the lower part: external electrical network 11, microgrid 12.Wherein, external electrical network 11 can be trunk electrical network or another microgrid that is different from microgrid 12.Further, microgrid 12 comprises: one or more photovoltaic branch road PV1 ... PVn, one or more wind-force branch road, diesel oil or hydroelectric generator 106, load 107, switch 108.Further, photovoltaic branch road, wind-force branch road, diesel oil or hydroelectric generator 106, the load 107 all be connected on public interface (point ofcommon coupling, PCC) on.Particularly, the PCC installing is ac bus.Further, each photovoltaic branch road comprises: PV array 101, DC/AC inverter 102; Each wind-force branch road comprises: wind-driven generator 103, AC/DC inverter 104, DC/AC inverter 105.Under this pattern,, need voltage and the frequency stabilization of the jumbo conventional power source of configuration to keep microgrid for guaranteeing reliable, the stable operation of microgrid.At this moment, batch (-type) renewable energy power generation unit does not participate in the voltage of microgrid and the adjusting of frequency, and its total power generating capacity ratio is subjected to bigger restriction in microgrid.
Based on first kind of microgrid pattern, for improving the generate output ratio of batch (-type) renewable energy power generation unit in microgrid, German patent application DE 10 2,005 023 290 A1 propose the topological sum controlling schemes of a kind of two-way storage battery inverter (hereinafter referred to as two way convertor), and this patent application is had by the SMA company of Germany.According to this patent application, microgrid can be made up of two way convertor and conventional power generation usage unit (as diesel generating set, small power station's unit) parallel running, is second kind of microgrid pattern shown in Figure 2.This pattern by batteries and two way convertor as an energy adjustment link in the microgrid, participate in the Balance Control of microgrid active power, improve the access ratio of batch (-type) renewable energy power generation unit in microgrid by adjusting, and guarantee the stability of microgrid operation simultaneously microgrid active power.Composition structure and Fig. 1 of Fig. 2 are similar, and difference is that the microgrid among Fig. 2 also comprises: one or more storage battery branch roads, be storage battery branch road 1 to storage battery branch road n, and wherein the value of n can be provided with according to actual needs, does not limit especially herein.Further, each storage battery branch road comprises: storage battery 209, two-way DC/AC inverter 210.But present, the power grade of two way convertor enabled production is limited, and because technical reason, the quantity of organizing the two way convertor parallel running also is subjected to bigger restriction more, and therefore the power system capacity of this microgrid pattern has bigger restriction.Further, in this microgrid pattern, two way convertor is to regulate by passive active power to realize system's frequency modulation, in power control, has hysteresis quality, and two way convertor is limited to the regulating action of reactive power, so this microgrid pattern can't fundamentally solve the access ratio problems of batch (-type) energy generator unit in microgrid.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention proposes generator unit driver, generator unit and the energy output equipment in a kind of electrical network, can play better effect to mains supply stable when utilizing the batch (-type) energy.For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that various embodiments of the present invention provide comprises:
Generator unit driver in a kind of electrical network comprises:
Driving governor is used for generating drive signal according to first control signal that gets access to and second control signal;
Converter, being used for will importing the energy according to described drive signal is second voltage from first voltage transformation, exports to the motor that is connected with described generator unit driver;
Wherein, described first control signal running state information that is described motor; Described second control signal comprises the mains frequency and/or the line voltage amplitude of described electrical network.
The running state information of described motor comprises one of following or its combination in any: motor armature voltage, motor armature electric current, motor rotor rotating speed;
Described driving governor is used for: the running state information according to described mains frequency and described motor generates described drive signal.
The running state information of described motor further comprises: motor output torque; Described second control signal further comprises: the line voltage amplitude;
Described driving governor is used for: the running state information according to the energy-storage system information of electrical network, described line voltage amplitude, described mains frequency and described motor generates described drive signal.
Described driving governor comprises:
The tach signal generation module is used for the error signal of given frequency and described mains frequency is adjusted, and obtains rotary speed reference signal and offers the drive signal generation module;
Described drive signal generation module is used for generating described drive signal according to the running state information of described rotary speed reference signal and described motor.
Described tach signal generation module comprises: automatic controller, amplitude limiter.
Described converter is that direct current arrives AC inverter or DC-to-DC converter.
Generator unit in a kind of electrical network comprises:
Energy capture device is used to catch one or more batch (-type) energy;
Charge controller is used to utilize the batch (-type) energy of being caught to export first voltage;
The generator unit driver is used for according to first control signal of motor input and second control signal of described electrical network input, is that second voltage is to drive described motor with described first voltage transformation;
Described motor is used for dragging the synchronous generator operation under the effect of described second voltage;
Described synchronous generator is used to connect the public interface of this electrical network, and the electric energy that self produces is exported to this electrical network.
This generator unit further comprises: transformer after being used for second voltage transitions that described generator unit driver generates is tertiary voltage, offer described motor, and described motor is the mesohigh motor.
This generator unit further comprises: the store energy module;
First side of described charge controller links to each other with described energy capture device, second side of described charge controller links to each other with first side of described generator unit driver, and described store energy module links to each other with second side of described charge controller and first side of described generator unit driver.
Described store energy module comprises: energy-storage system and energy storage manager;
Described energy storage manager is used to gather the information of described energy-storage system, inputs to described generator unit driver as described the 3rd control signal.
Described generator unit driver is used for: is described second voltage according to first control signal of the 3rd control signal of described store energy module input, the input of described motor and second control signal of described electrical network input with described first voltage transformation.
Described first control signal comprises: motor armature voltage, motor armature electric current, motor rotor rotating speed, motor output torque; Described second control signal comprises: mains frequency, line voltage amplitude; Described the 3rd control signal comprises: energy-storage system voltage.
Described the 3rd control signal further comprises: energy-storage system electric current, energy-storage system temperature, energy-storage system state-of-charge.
Described energy capture device is a photovoltaic array, and described charge controller is a DC-to-DC converter; Perhaps
Described energy capture device is a wind-driven generator, and described charge controller is the AC-to DC converter.
This generator unit comprises: a plurality of generator unit branch roads;
Each generator unit branch road comprises described energy capture device, described charge controller, described store energy module, described generator unit driver, described motor, described synchronous generator.
This generator unit comprises: a plurality of energy input branch roads, and each energy input branch road comprises switch, described energy capture device and described charge controller, described switch is arranged on second side of described charge controller;
Described each energy input branch road is connected with first side and the described store energy module of described generator unit driver by described switch.
This generator unit comprises: a plurality of driving branch roads, each drives branch road and comprises switch, described energy capture device, described charge controller, described store energy module and described generator unit driver, and described switch is arranged on second side of described generator unit driver;
Described each driving branch road is connected with described motor by described switch.
This generator unit comprises:
A plurality of energy input branch roads, each energy input branch road comprises first switch, described energy capture device and described charge controller, described first switch is arranged on second side of described charge controller;
A plurality of energy output branch roads, each energy output branch road comprises second switch, described generator unit driver, described motor, described synchronous generator, described second switch is arranged on first side of described generator unit driver;
Described each energy input branch road is connected with described store energy module by described first switch, and described each energy output branch road is connected with described store energy module by described second switch.
Described generator unit driver comprises: second converter, driving governor;
Described driving governor is used for generating drive signal according to described first control signal, second control signal and the 3rd control signal, offers described second converter.
Described driving governor comprises: tach signal generation module and drive signal generation module;
Described tach signal generation module is used for the error signal of given frequency and described mains frequency is adjusted, and obtains rotary speed reference signal and offers described drive signal generation module, generates described drive signal by described drive signal generation module.
When described motor was alternating current motor, described second converter was that direct current arrives AC inverter; Perhaps
When described motor was DC motor, described second converter was a DC-to-DC converter.
Energy output equipment in a kind of electrical network comprises:
Aforesaid generator unit driver is used for according to first control signal of motor input and second control signal of described electrical network input, is that second voltage is to drive described motor with described first voltage transformation;
Described motor is used for dragging the synchronous generator operation under the effect of described second voltage;
Described synchronous generator is used to connect the public interface of this electrical network, and the electric energy that self produces is exported to this electrical network.
A kind of microgrid comprises aforesaid generator unit, and described generator unit is connected on the points of common connection of this microgrid;
Also comprise: the one or more loads that are connected to described points of common connection.
Therefore the generator unit driver in the electrical network that the embodiment of the invention provides, generator unit, energy output equipment can play better effect to this mains supply stable.
Hereinafter will also come in conjunction with the accompanying drawings such scheme of the present invention, technical characterictic, advantage and implementation thereof are further specified by explanation in clear and definite understandable mode to embodiment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is conventional microgrid topology diagram;
Fig. 2 is a two way convertor microgrid topology diagram;
Fig. 3 is the microgrid topology diagram that utilizes the motor synchronizing inverter;
Fig. 4 a is the generator unit driver of setting up based on the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 b is the generator unit of setting up based on the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 c is the microgrid topology diagram of setting up based on the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the composition structure chart of energy input module in the one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 is the composition structure chart of energy output module in the one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of AC driving generator unit in the one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 8 is the control system figure of AC driving generator unit shown in Figure 7;
Fig. 9 is the composition structure chart of ac driver in the generator unit shown in Figure 7;
Figure 10 is the structural representation of DC driven generator unit in the one embodiment of the invention;
Figure 11 is the composition structure chart of dc driver in the generator unit shown in Figure 10;
Figure 12 in the one embodiment of the invention by ac driver by the transformer rear drive mesohigh alternating current motor that boosts, drag synchronous generator again, the generator unit structural representation of single branch road operation;
Figure 13 drives alternating current motor by ac driver in the one embodiment of the invention, drags synchronous generator again, the generator unit structural representation of multiple branch circuit parallel running;
Figure 14 drives DC motor by dc driver in the one embodiment of the invention, drags synchronous generator again, the generator unit structural representation of multiple branch circuit parallel running;
Figure 15 be in the one embodiment of the invention by many groups ac driver in the parallel connection of energy storage side, drive alternating current motor jointly, drag the generator unit structural representation of synchronous generator again;
Figure 16 be in the one embodiment of the invention by many groups dc driver in the parallel connection of energy storage side, drive DC motor jointly, drag the generator unit structural representation of synchronous generator again;
Figure 17 be in the one embodiment of the invention by many groups ac driver in the outlet side parallel connection, drive alternating current motor jointly, drag the generator unit structural representation of synchronous generator again;
Figure 18 be in the one embodiment of the invention by many groups dc driver in the outlet side parallel connection, drive DC motor jointly, drag the generator unit structural representation of synchronous generator again;
Figure 19 drives alternating current motor by ac driver in the one embodiment of the invention, drags synchronous generator again, multiple branch circuit parallel running, the generator unit structural representation of shared energy-storage system;
Figure 20 drives DC motor by dc driver in the one embodiment of the invention, drags synchronous generator again, multiple branch circuit parallel running, the generator unit structural representation of shared energy-storage system.
Particularly, the reference symbol of using in the above-mentioned accompanying drawing is as follows:
Fig. 1: external electrical network 11, microgrid 12, PV array 101, DC/AC inverter 102, wind-driven generator 103, AC/DC inverter 104, DC/AC inverter 105, diesel oil or hydroelectric generator 106, load 107, switch 108;
Fig. 2: storage battery 209, two-way DC/AC inverter 210;
Fig. 3: external electrical network 31, hydroelectric generator 301, diesel engine generator 302, PV array 303, DC/DC converter 304, storage battery 305, motor synchronizing inverter 306, load 307, switch 308;
Fig. 4 a-Fig. 4 c: external electrical network 41, SPU branch road 42, energy input module 43, energy output module 44, hydroelectric generator 401, diesel engine generator 402, energy capture device 403, charge controller 404, store energy module 405, generator unit driver 406, motor 407, synchronous generator 408, load 409, driving governor 4061, converter 4062;
Fig. 5: PV array 501, DC/DC converter 502, wind-driven generator 503, AC/DC converter 504;
Fig. 6: the first energy output sub-module 61, the second energy output sub-module 62, SPU dc driver 601, DC motor 602, synchronous generator 603, SPU ac driver 604, alternating current motor 605, synchronous generator 606;
Fig. 7: energy capture device 701, charge controller 702, store energy module 703, SPU ac driver 704, alternating current motor 705, synchronous generator 706, DC/AC inverter 7041, driving governor 7042, energy-storage system 7031, energy storage manager 7032;
Fig. 8: exciter control system 807, driving pulse 8043;
Fig. 9: drive signal generation module 9044, tach signal generation module 9045;
Figure 10: SPU dc driver 1004, DC motor 1005, DC/DC converter 1014, driving governor 1024;
Figure 11: drive signal generation module 1144, tach signal generation module 1145;
Figure 12: energy capture device 1201, charge controller 1202, storage battery 1203, SPU ac driver 1204, alternating current motor 1205, synchronous generator 1206, transformer 1207;
Figure 13: energy capture device 1301, charge controller 1302, storage battery 1303, SPU ac driver 1304, alternating current motor 1305, synchronous generator 1306, energy capture device 1311, charge controller 1312, storage battery 1313, SPU ac driver 1314, alternating current motor 1315, synchronous generator 1316;
Figure 14: energy capture device 1401, charge controller 1402, storage battery 1403, SPU dc driver 1404, DC motor 1405, synchronous generator 1406, energy capture device 1411, charge controller 1412, storage battery 1413, SPU dc driver 1414, DC motor 1415, synchronous generator 1416;
Figure 15: energy capture device 1501, charge controller 1502, storage battery 1503, SPU ac driver 1504, alternating current motor 1505, synchronous generator 1506, switch 1507, energy capture device 1511, charge controller 1512, switch 1517;
Figure 16: energy capture device 1601, charge controller 1602, storage battery 1603, SPU dc driver 1604, DC motor 1605, synchronous generator 1606, switch 1607, energy capture device 1611, charge controller 1612, switch 1617;
Figure 17: energy capture device 1701, charge controller 1702, store energy module 1703, SPU ac driver 1704, alternating current motor 1705, synchronous generator 1706, switch 1707, energy capture device 1711, charge controller 1712, store energy module 1713, SPU ac driver 1714, switch 1717;
Figure 18: energy capture device 1801, charge controller 1802, storage battery 1803, SPU dc driver 1804, DC motor 1805, synchronous generator 1806, switch 1807, energy capture device 1811, charge controller 1812, storage battery 1813, SPU dc driver 1814, switch 1817;
Figure 19: energy capture device 1901, charge controller 1902, storage battery 1903, SPU ac driver 1904, alternating current motor 1905, synchronous generator 1906, first switch 1907, second switch 1908, energy capture device 1911, charge controller 1912, SPU ac driver 1914, alternating current motor 1915, synchronous generator 1916, first switch 1917, second switch 1918;
Figure 20: energy capture device 2001, charge controller 2002, storage battery 2003, SPU dc driver 2004, DC motor 2005, synchronous generator 2006, first switch 2007, second switch 2008, energy capture device 2011, charge controller 2012, SPU dc driver 2014, DC motor 2015, synchronous generator 2016, first switch 2017, second switch 2018.
Embodiment
For making purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below with reference to the accompanying drawing embodiment that develops simultaneously, the present invention is described in more detail.
Fig. 3 illustrates a kind of microgrid structure different with Fig. 1 or Fig. 2, is the third microgrid pattern, comprises with the lower part: external electrical network 31, microgrid.Further, this microgrid comprises: one or more waterpower branch roads, one or more diesel oil branch road, one or more inverter leg, load 307, switch 308.Further, each waterpower branch road comprises: hydroelectric generator 301; Each diesel oil branch road comprises: diesel engine generator 302; Each inverter leg comprises: PV array 303, DC/DC converter 304, storage battery 305, motor synchronizing inverter 306.Wherein, motor synchronizing inverter 306 can adopt U.S. Pat 6,693, and do not rely on synchronizing signal and communication signal that 809B2 proposes are realized the scheme of voltage source inverter automatic parallel operation, and this patent is had by German ISET.According to the description of this patent, this inverter has the droop characteristic of similar conventional synchronous generator unit.Correspondingly, this inverter can be formed microgrid with diesel engine generator or small hydro generator or other generator unit parallel runnings with synchronous generator external characteristic.Particularly, in this microgrid structure, motor synchronizing inverter 306 is in parallel with small hydro generator 301, the voltage of fellowship microgrid and frequency adjustment.In theory, this scheme can be significantly and is improved the capacity limit of batch (-type) renewable energy power generation unit in microgrid effectively.But this equipment still is in research state at present, does not have matured product to utilize on the market.
Further, the embodiment of the invention proposes the generator unit driver in a kind of electrical network.Particularly, this electrical network mainly is a kind of microgrid, also can be the trunk electrical network.Shown in Fig. 4 a, 4b, this generator unit driver 406 comprises: driving governor 4061 is used for generating drive signal according to first control signal that receives and second control signal; Converter 4062, being used for will importing the energy according to described drive signal is second voltage from first voltage transformation, exports to the motor 407 that is connected with described generator unit driver 406; Wherein, described first control signal is the running state information of motor 407, and promptly relevant with the running status of motor 407 information can comprise one or more in motor armature voltage, motor armature electric current, the motor rotor rotating speed; Described second control signal comprises mains frequency that electrical network fed back and/or the line voltage amplitude by generator unit driver 406 places.Further, the running state information of described motor 407 comprises: motor output torque T
LCorrespondingly, driving governor 4061 also will be considered this motor output torque T when generating drive signal
LDuring specific implementation, generator unit driver 406 can use transducer to obtain each control signal.Such as, generator unit driver 406 obtains its armature voltage V by a plurality of transducers from alternating current motor
A, b, cAnd for example, generator unit driver 406 obtains line voltage by a plurality of transducers from PCC, isolates mains frequency f again from this line voltage.
Generator unit (SMART PowerUnit, SPU), by such as drivings such as intermittent energy source or regenerative resource or intermittent regenerative resources.Shown in Fig. 4 c, in specific implementation of the present invention, each SPU branch road is the synchronous generator unit that a batch (-type) regenerative resource drives, this generator unit external characteristic is identical with other conventional power generation usage unit (such as small hydro generator, diesel engine generator etc.), can parallel running with jointly to load 409 power supplies, or with external electrical network 41 parallel runnings.Certainly, also can not comprise conventional power generation usage unit such as hydroelectric generator or diesel engine generator in the microgrid shown in Fig. 4 c, and by a plurality of SPU branch roads group net operation in parallel.It may be noted that promptly being used in the energy that drives SPU shown in Fig. 4 b exists power output instability, meeting characteristics such as fluctuation to occur, the SPU that the embodiment of the invention provides also can power to the stabilization of power grids.Particularly, each the SPU branch road 42 shown in Fig. 4 b comprises: energy input module 43, store energy module 405, energy output module 44.Wherein, store energy module 405 comprises: energy-storage system can be lead acid accumulator, lithium battery, Ni-MH battery or multiple other energy file layouts, also comprises the energy storage manager of the information that is used to gather this energy-storage system.
Energy output module 44 comprises: generator unit driver (SPU driver) 406, motor (motor) 407, synchronous generator (synchronous generator, SG) 408, this energy output module 44 can constitute an equipment, and generator unit driver 406, motor 407, synchronous generator 408 all are placed in this device housings.Wherein, motor 407 is used to convert electric energy to mechanical energy.In the practical application, motor is by using the power supply difference to be divided into DC motor and alternating current motor.Synchronous generator 408 is used for converting mechanical energy to electric energy, and its rotor and stator rotation keep same leg speed.It may be noted that motor 407 and synchronous generator 408 itself all can adopt conventional art to realize, repeat no more herein.During real work, the generator unit driver can drive alternating current motor (or DC motor), drags the synchronous generator operation again, output power frequency electric energy (output frequency is 50Hz or 60Hz).Fig. 6 illustrates an exemplary composition structure of energy output module 44, comprises with the lower part: one or more first energy output sub-modules 61, one or more second energy output sub-module 62.Further, each first energy output sub-module 61 comprises: SPU dc driver 601, DC motor 602, synchronous generator 603; Each second energy output sub-module 62 comprises: SPU ac driver 604, alternating current motor 605, synchronous generator 606.
In Fig. 4 b, between energy capture device 403 and the charge controller 404, between charge controller 404 and the generator unit driver 406, between store energy module 405 and charge controller 404, generator unit driver 406 threes, between generator unit driver 406 and the motor 407, adopt cable to connect between synchronous generator 408 and the PCC, arrow is wherein represented the direction of energy Flow; Be that mechanical type connects between motor 407 and the synchronous generator 408.
From Fig. 4 b as can be seen, the generator unit of setting up based on the embodiment of the invention 42 has following main feature: (a) have and output external characteristic like the conventional power generation usage unit class; (b) afterbody of energy output is a synchronous generator; (c), drag the synchronous generator operation again with the converters drive motor by the energy supply of batch (-type) regenerative resource.
Particularly, the power adjustments of SPU shown in Fig. 4 b is divided into active power adjusting and reactive power adjusting.Wherein, active power is regulated by generator unit driver 406 and is realized, to guarantee the stable of mains frequency; Reactive power is regulated by the exciter control system of synchronous generator 408 self and is realized.Regulate for reactive power, synchronous generator 408 is regulated self exciting voltage by the judgement to line voltage amplitude situation of change, with the output voltage of control synchronous generator 408, guarantee the stable of line voltage amplitude, reach the purpose of regulating generator unit output reactive power.
The major function of generator unit driver 406 comprises: by gathering the current running state information of each part in the microgrid, judge the running status that next is constantly possible, and by the corresponding driving control logic, provide next drive signal of motor 407 constantly, to guarantee the stable operation of whole generating unit.Particularly, generator unit driver 406 is gathered the microgrid information (such as mains frequency, voltage magnitude etc.) in this control cycle, the running state information (such as armature voltage, electric current, rotor speed, output torque etc.) and the energy-storage system information (such as voltage, electric current, temperature etc.) of motor, by the corresponding driving control logic, provide the drive pulse signal of next control cycle, thereby reach the purpose that the generator unit active power of output is regulated.Such as, the mains frequency of current time t1 with last one constantly t0 compare to some extent and rise, thereby then generator unit driver 406 drive signal of passing through to be generated reduces motor speed and reduces next mains frequency of t2 constantly, to guarantee the stable of electrical network.
Particularly, it is an exemplary electrical web frame of base configuration that Fig. 4 c illustrates with this SPU, comprises with the lower part: external electrical network 41, microgrid.Further, this microgrid comprises: one or more waterpower branch roads, one or more diesel oil branch road, one or more SPU branch road 42, load 409.As can be seen, this is to be different from the first microgrid structure to the third microgrid pattern, for the purpose of difference, the microgrid structure shown in Fig. 4 c can be called the 4th kind of microgrid pattern.Further, each waterpower branch road comprises: hydroelectric generator 401; Each diesel oil branch road comprises: diesel engine generator 402.
Further, Fig. 7 illustrates an exemplary composition structure of SPU branch road 42, this SPU branch road 42 is the AC driving generator unit, comprises with the lower part: energy capture device 701, charge controller 702, store energy module 703, SPU ac driver 704, alternating current motor 705, synchronous generator 706.Further, SPU ac driver 704 comprises: DC/AC inverter 7041, driving governor 7042.Further, driving governor 7042 has following input: accumulator battery voltage V
BattAlternating current motor armature voltage V
A, b, cAlternating current motor armature supply I
A, b, cAC motor rotor rotation speed n (perhaps rotor position angle θ); Alternating current motor output torque T
LMains frequency f (γ, P), wherein γ is synchronous generator merit angle, P is an active power; The line voltage amplitude | U| (Q), wherein Q is a reactive power; The batteries temperature T
Batt, this input is optional; Battery current I
Batt, this input is optional; Storage battery state-of-charge SOC, this input is optional.That apply for synchronous generator 706 among Fig. 7 further, is exciting voltage E
fIt may be noted that the AC driving generator unit is easy to frequency control.
Particularly, Fig. 8 is an exemplary connection of SPU branch road 42 shown in Figure 7.For driving governor 7042, accumulator battery voltage V
Batt, the batteries temperature T
Batt, battery current I
Batt, input such as storage battery state-of-charge SOC is to be provided by the energy storage manager 7032 in the store energy module 703, batteries temperature T wherein
Batt, battery current I
Batt, storage battery state-of-charge SOC is optional input, in Fig. 8, illustrate with thick dashed line; Mains frequency f, line voltage amplitude | inputs such as U| are provided by PCC; Alternating current motor armature voltage V
A, b, c, alternating current motor armature supply I
A, b, c, input such as AC motor rotor rotation speed n provides by alternating current motor 705.Further, energy storage manager 7032 is from energy-storage system 7031 acquisition parameters, and/or receives the control signal that charge controller 702 provides.Certainly, energy storage manager 7032 also can provide control signal to charge controller 702.Further, driving governor 7042 can provide driving pulse 8043 to DC/AC inverter 7041.For synchronous generator 706, apply alternator field voltage E thereon
fProvide by exciter control system 807.
It may be noted that in the generator unit driver 406 that the drive controlling logic that adopts has multiple implementation, (proportional integral, PI) control algolithm is an example, and the realization of generator unit power adjustments is described with the proportional integral of routine below.Particularly, Fig. 9 is an exemplary composition structure of SPU ac driver 704 shown in Figure 7, comprises with the lower part: DC/AC inverter 7041, driving governor 7042.Further, driving governor 7042 comprises: drive signal generation module 9044, tach signal generation module 9045.Wherein, f
0Be the given frequency of system, n
*Be the motor speed reference.In actual applications, PI controller in the tach signal generation module 9045 can replace with the automatic controller of other types, such as fuzzy controller, repetitive controller, proportional controller, proportion differential (PD) controller, proportion integration differentiation (PID) controller etc.A kind of specific implementation of drive signal generation module 9044 also can adopt other usual manner to realize as shown in Figure 9, repeats no more herein.
Also promptly, for the generator unit that adopts alternating current motor to drive, i.e. AC driving generator unit, as shown in Figure 9, generator unit driver 704 is gathered the voltage V of mains frequency f, alternating current motor armature
A, b, c, electric current I
A, b, c, rotor speed n and output torque T
L, batteries voltage V
Batt, electric current I
BattAnd temperature T
BattDeng signal.The given frequency f of system
0With the error signal process PI controller of mains frequency f and the adjustment of amplitude limiter, obtain the rotary speed reference signal n of alternating current motor 705
*This rotary speed reference signal and alternating current motor armature voltage, electric current, rotor speed signal and battery tension signal are imported driving governor 7042 simultaneously, obtain the drive signal of DC/AC converter 7041 through computing, and drive alternating current motor 705 adjusting rotating speeds, reach the purpose of regulating the generator unit active power of output.Particularly, driving governor 7042 can adopt digital signal processor, microcontroller (microprocessor control unit, MCU) or realization such as single-chip microcomputer.
Figure 10 adopts direct current motor driven generator unit in the one embodiment of the invention, i.e. the structural representation of DC driven generator unit, it is most of form with AC driving generator unit shown in Figure 7 similar.Difference is that Figure 10 comprises: SPU dc driver 1004, DC motor 1005.Further, SPU dc driver 1004 comprises: DC/DC converter 1014, driving governor 1024.Different with the driving governor 7042 among Fig. 7 is that the driving governor 1024 among Figure 10 has inputs such as DC motor armature voltage V, DC motor armature electric current I, dc motor rotor rotation speed n.It may be noted that DC driven generator unit control logic is simple.
For the DC driven generator unit, as shown in figure 11, generator unit driver 1004 is gathered voltage, electric current, rotor speed and output torque, the accumulator battery voltage signal etc. of mains frequency, DC motor armature.Further, the error signal of given frequency of system and mains frequency obtains the DC motor rotation speed reference signal through the adjustment of PI controller and amplitude limiter.This rotary speed reference signal and DC motor armature voltage, electric current, rotor speed signal and battery tension signal be supplied with digital signal processor 1024 simultaneously, obtain the drive signal of DC/DC converter 1014 through computing, and drive DC motor 1005 adjusting rotating speeds, reach the purpose of regulating the generator unit active power of output.Wherein, the specific implementation of drive signal generation module 1144 also can realize with reference to other usual manner not only as shown in figure 11, repeat no more herein.
It may be noted that the generator unit that the embodiment of the invention provides can improve the generate output ratio of batch (-type) regenerative resource in microgrid, can control the stable of microgrid again.Particularly:
(1) owing to is provided with synchronous generator 408 in the generator unit that the embodiment of the invention provides, when microgrid frequency generation microvariations, utilize the electromechanical properties of synchronous generator 408 self, the microgrid frequency can automatically return to poised state, can absorb microvariations such as the rotor inertia of synchronous generator 408.
(2) when disturbance greatly took place the microgrid frequency, the generator unit that the embodiment of the invention provides changed according to detected mains frequency, regulated synchronous generator 408 active power of output, and made the frequency of microgrid reach stationary value.
(3) when the microgrid frequency took place than macromutation, the generator unit that the embodiment of the invention provides changed according to detected mains frequency, regulates synchronous generator 408 active power of output rapidly, to keep the frequency stabilization of microgrid.
(4) when fluctuation took place microgrid voltage, the generator unit that the embodiment of the invention provides changed according to detected system voltage amplitude, regulated the exciting voltage E of synchronous generator 408
f, guarantee that the voltage of microgrid is stable.
(5) when weather and environmental condition cause the power output short-term fluctuation of regenerative resource, effect by charge controller 404 in the energy input module 43, change unstable input voltage into metastable direct voltage, to store energy module 405 control of charging.Further, provide energy snubber, realized the dynamic decoupling of intake and output energy, eliminate the influence of regenerative resource short-term output-power fluctuation by store energy module 405.
(6) store energy module 405 is in longer charge and discharge process, and its port voltage is also corresponding to change.By the electric pressure of store energy module 405 and motor 407 is carried out appropriate design, make generator unit driver 406 under extreme condition of work, have enough operating voltages, be that the motor 407 of back level provides stable driving power with the assurance.
Further, based on the generator unit that Fig. 7 and Figure 10 provide, can be out of shape and various generator unit topological structure.Wherein, Fig. 7 directly drives the low-voltage alternating-current motor in the one embodiment of the invention by ac driver, drags synchronous generator again, the generator unit of single branch road operation; Figure 10 drives DC motor by dc driver in the one embodiment of the invention, drags synchronous generator again, the generator unit of single branch road operation.Figure 12 is the topological structure after the distortion in the embodiment of the invention to Figure 20.
Figure 12 in the one embodiment of the invention by ac driver by the transformer rear drive mesohigh alternating current motor that boosts, drag synchronous generator again, the generator unit structural representation of single branch road operation.In Figure 12, generator unit has only a branch road, specifically comprises with the lower part: energy capture device 1201, charge controller 1202, storage battery 1203, SPU ac driver 1204, alternating current motor 1205, synchronous generator 1206, transformer 1207.Particularly, this transformer 1207 offers described alternating current motor 1205 after being used for second voltage transitions that described SPU ac driver 1204 generates is tertiary voltage.It may be noted that the power that the mesohigh alternating current motor provided is big, thereby and the little loss of electric current little.
Figure 13 drives alternating current motor by ac driver in the one embodiment of the invention, drags synchronous generator again, the generator unit structural representation of multiple branch circuit parallel running.In Figure 13, generator unit has a plurality of generator unit branch roads, and the composition of each generator unit branch road is identical with Fig. 7, repeats no more herein.As can be seen, adopt a plurality of generator unit branch roads, can improve the total power generating capacity of the batch (-type) energy.
Figure 14 drives DC motor by dc driver in the one embodiment of the invention, drags synchronous generator again, the generator unit structural representation of multiple branch circuit parallel running.In Figure 14, generator unit has a plurality of generator unit branch roads, and the composition of each generator unit branch road is identical with Figure 10, repeats no more herein.
Figure 15 be in the one embodiment of the invention by many groups ac driver in the parallel connection of energy storage side, drive alternating current motor jointly, drag the generator unit structural representation of synchronous generator again.A side that it may be noted that ac driver connection storage battery is called as energy storage side (or being called first side), and a side that connects motor is called as outlet side (or being called second side).In Figure 15, generator unit comprises with the lower part: multichannel comprises energy input branch road, storage battery 1503, SPU ac driver 1504, alternating current motor 1505, the synchronous generator 1506 of energy capture device, charge controller, switch.Wherein, first energy input branch road comprises: energy capture device 1501, charge controller 1502, switch 1507; Second energy input branch road comprises: energy capture device 1511, charge controller 1512, switch 1517.As can be seen, adopt distributed input shown in Figure 15, make that the installation of the generator unit that the embodiment of the invention provided is more flexible, be not subjected to site limitation.
Figure 16 be in the one embodiment of the invention by many groups dc driver in the parallel connection of energy storage side, drive DC motor jointly, drag the generator unit structural representation of synchronous generator again.Composition and Figure 15 of it may be noted that Figure 16 are similar, and difference is that what adopt among Figure 16 is that SPU dc driver 1604 drives DC motor 1605.
Figure 17 be in the one embodiment of the invention by many groups ac driver in the outlet side parallel connection, drive alternating current motor jointly, drag the generator unit structural representation of synchronous generator again.In Figure 17, generator unit comprises with the lower part: multichannel comprises driving branch road, alternating current motor 1705, the synchronous generator 1706 of energy capture device, charge controller, storage battery, SPU ac driver, switch.Wherein, the first driving branch road comprises: energy capture device 1701, charge controller 1702, store energy module 1703, SPU ac driver 1704, switch 1707; Second drives branch road comprises: energy capture device 1711, charge controller 1712, store energy module 1713, SPU ac driver 1714, switch 1717.As can be seen, Figure 17 is a motor configurations multiplex driver, thereby solves motor and the unmatched problem of actuator power, makes that the combination of generator unit is more flexible, is easy to upgrading.
Figure 18 be in the one embodiment of the invention by many groups dc driver in the outlet side parallel connection, drive DC motor jointly, drag the generator unit structural representation of synchronous generator again.Composition and Figure 17 of it may be noted that Figure 18 are similar, and difference is that what adopt among Figure 18 is that SPU dc driver 1804 drives DC motor 1805.
Figure 19 drives alternating current motor by ac driver in the one embodiment of the invention, drags synchronous generator again, multiple branch circuit parallel running, the generator unit structural representation of shared energy-storage system.In Figure 19, generator unit comprises with the lower part: multichannel comprises that energy input branch road, storage battery 1903, the multichannel of energy capture device, charge controller, first switch comprise the energy output branch road of second switch, SPU ac driver, alternating current motor, synchronous generator.Wherein, first energy input branch road comprises: energy capture device 1901, charge controller 1902, first switch 1907; Second energy input branch road comprises: energy capture device 1911, charge controller 1912, first switch 1917.Have, first energy output branch road comprises: second switch 1908, SPU ac driver 1904, alternating current motor 1905, synchronous generator 1906 again; Second energy output branch road comprises: second switch 1918, SPU ac driver 1914, alternating current motor 1915, synchronous generator 1916.As can be seen, multichannel input parallel connection makes certain road input can disconnect maintenance when breaking down, and can not have influence on the work of whole generating unit, and the multichannel output-parallel makes the increase of output or minimizing be easier to control, thereby improves the operating efficiency of generator unit.
Figure 20 drives DC motor by dc driver in the one embodiment of the invention, drags synchronous generator again, multiple branch circuit parallel running, the generator unit structural representation of shared energy-storage system.Composition and Figure 19 of it may be noted that Figure 20 are similar, and difference is that what adopt among Figure 20 is that SPU dc driver 2004 drives DC motor 2005.
From the technical scheme of above record as can be seen:
1) generator unit of the embodiment of the invention adopts synchronous generator to finish energy output, and the stability of a system of microgrid is strong, is convenient to power decoupled control.
2) generator unit of the embodiment of the invention has autosync, can realize the input when a plurality of generator units are in parallel easily or withdraw from power system capacity expansion convenience.
3) the generator unit afterbody of the embodiment of the invention is dynamo-electric link, is traditional generator unit of power electronic device than afterbody, and on average the time of running without interruption significantly improves, and the annual hours of operation significantly improves, and annual energy output also significantly improves.
4) because dynamo-electric link exists, when the transient state fluctuation of non-controlled target self appears in the power electronics driver in generator unit, also can be absorbed, eliminate influence this generator unit output quality of power supply by the back dynamo-electric link of level.
5) generator unit of the embodiment of the invention has multiple compound mode flexibly when setting up the microgrid structure.
6) the microgrid system that constructs based on the embodiment of the invention can significantly improve the penetrate power capacity of regenerative resource in microgrid and limit (can reach 100% theoretically), significantly reduces using and consuming of fossil energy, and environmental benefit is good.
Above by drawings and Examples the present invention has been carried out detail display and explanation, yet the invention is not restricted to the embodiment that these have disclosed, other schemes that those skilled in the art therefrom derive out are also within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (17)
1. the generator unit driver in the electrical network is characterized in that, comprising:
Driving governor is used for generating drive signal according to first control signal that gets access to and second control signal;
Converter, being used for will importing the energy according to described drive signal is second voltage from first voltage transformation, exports to the motor that is connected with described generator unit driver;
Wherein, described first control signal running state information that is described motor; Described second control signal comprises the mains frequency and/or the line voltage amplitude of described electrical network.
2. generator unit driver according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the running state information of described motor comprises one of following or its combination in any: motor armature voltage, motor armature electric current, motor rotor rotating speed.
3. generator unit driver according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described driving governor comprises:
The tach signal generation module is used for the error signal of given frequency and described mains frequency is adjusted, and obtains rotary speed reference signal and offers the drive signal generation module;
Described drive signal generation module is used for generating described drive signal according to the running state information of described rotary speed reference signal and described motor.
4. generator unit driver according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described tach signal generation module comprises: automatic controller and amplitude limiter.
5. according to each described generator unit driver among the claim 1-4, it is characterized in that described converter is that direct current arrives AC inverter or DC-to-DC converter.
6. the generator unit in the electrical network is characterized in that, comprising:
Energy capture device is used to catch one or more batch (-type) energy;
Charge controller is used to utilize the batch (-type) energy of being caught to export first voltage;
The generator unit driver is used for according to first control signal of motor input and second control signal of described electrical network input, is that second voltage is to drive described motor with described first voltage transformation;
Described motor is used for dragging the synchronous generator operation under the effect of described second voltage;
Described synchronous generator is used to connect the public interface of this electrical network, and the electric energy that self produces is exported to this electrical network.
7. generator unit according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, further comprise: transformer, after being used for second voltage transitions that described generator unit driver generates is tertiary voltage, offer described motor, and described motor is the mesohigh motor.
8. generator unit according to claim 6 is characterized in that, further comprises: the store energy module;
First side of described charge controller links to each other with described energy capture device, second side of described charge controller links to each other with first side of described generator unit driver, and described store energy module links to each other with second side of described charge controller and first side of described generator unit driver.
9. generator unit according to claim 8 is characterized in that, described store energy module comprises: energy-storage system and energy storage manager; Described energy storage manager is used to gather the information of described energy-storage system, inputs to described generator unit driver as described the 3rd control signal;
Described generator unit driver is used for: is described second voltage according to first control signal of the 3rd control signal of described store energy module input, the input of described motor and second control signal of described electrical network input with described first voltage transformation.
10. generator unit according to claim 9 is characterized in that, described first control signal comprises: motor armature voltage, motor armature electric current, motor rotor rotating speed, motor output torque; Described second control signal comprises: mains frequency, line voltage amplitude; Described the 3rd control signal comprises: energy-storage system voltage.
11. according to each described generator unit among the claim 6-10, it is characterized in that,
Described energy capture device is a photovoltaic array, and described charge controller is a DC-to-DC converter; Perhaps
Described energy capture device is a wind-driven generator, and described charge controller is the AC-to DC converter.
12. according to each described generator unit among the claim 6-10, it is characterized in that described generator unit comprises: a plurality of generator unit branch roads;
Wherein, each generator unit branch road comprises described energy capture device, described charge controller, described store energy module, described generator unit driver, described motor, described synchronous generator.
13. according to each described generator unit among the claim 6-10, it is characterized in that, described generator unit comprises: a plurality of energy input branch roads, wherein, each energy input branch road comprises switch, described energy capture device and described charge controller, and described switch is arranged on second side of described charge controller;
Described each energy input branch road is connected with first side and the described store energy module of described generator unit driver by described switch.
14. according to each described generator unit among the claim 6-10, it is characterized in that, described generator unit comprises: a plurality of driving branch roads, wherein, each drives branch road and comprises switch, described energy capture device, described charge controller, described store energy module and described generator unit driver, and described switch is arranged on second side of described generator unit driver;
Described each driving branch road is connected with described motor by described switch.
15., it is characterized in that described generator unit comprises according to each described generator unit among the claim 6-10:
A plurality of energy input branch roads, wherein, each energy input branch road comprises first switch, described energy capture device and described charge controller, described first switch is arranged on second side of described charge controller;
A plurality of energy output branch roads, wherein, each energy output branch road comprises second switch, described generator unit driver, described motor, described synchronous generator, described second switch is arranged on first side of described generator unit driver;
Described each energy input branch road is connected with described store energy module by described first switch, and described each energy output branch road is connected with described store energy module by described second switch.
16., it is characterized in that when described motor was alternating current motor, described second converter was that direct current arrives AC inverter according to each described generator unit among the claim 6-10; Perhaps
When described motor was DC motor, described second converter was a DC-to-DC converter.
17. the energy output equipment in the electrical network is characterized in that, comprising:
As each described generator unit driver among the claim 1-5, be used for according to first control signal of motor input and second control signal of described electrical network input, be that second voltage is to drive described motor with described first voltage transformation;
Described motor is used for dragging the synchronous generator operation under the effect of described second voltage;
Described synchronous generator is used to connect the public interface of this electrical network, and the electric energy that self produces is exported to this electrical network.
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011100599052A CN102244498B (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2011-03-11 | Power generating unit driver, power generating unit and energy output equipment in power grid |
| RU2013145508/07A RU2576021C2 (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2012-03-09 | Exciter for power-generating unit, power-generating unit and equipment for energy extraction from electric mains |
| BR112013023155A BR112013023155A2 (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2012-03-09 | power generation unit controller, power generation unit and power output equipment in the mains |
| US14/004,469 US20140049229A1 (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2012-03-09 | Power generation unit driver, power generation unit and energy output equipment in power grid |
| EP12712079.8A EP2684269A2 (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2012-03-09 | Power generation unit driver, power generation unit and energy output equipment in power grid |
| PCT/EP2012/054128 WO2012123365A2 (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2012-03-09 | Power generation unit driver, power generation unit and energy output equipment in power grid |
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| CN2011100599052A CN102244498B (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2011-03-11 | Power generating unit driver, power generating unit and energy output equipment in power grid |
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