CN111555309A - Method for new energy to participate in frequency modulation of asynchronous transmission-end power grid - Google Patents

Method for new energy to participate in frequency modulation of asynchronous transmission-end power grid Download PDF

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CN111555309A
CN111555309A CN202010355656.0A CN202010355656A CN111555309A CN 111555309 A CN111555309 A CN 111555309A CN 202010355656 A CN202010355656 A CN 202010355656A CN 111555309 A CN111555309 A CN 111555309A
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frequency modulation
frequency
station
power grid
photovoltaic
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CN111555309B (en
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何廷一
郭成
吴水军
和鹏
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Electric Power Research Institute of Yunnan Power Grid Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
    • H02J3/241—The oscillation concerning frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/48—Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects

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Abstract

According to the method for the new energy to participate in the frequency modulation of the asynchronous transmitting-end power grid, the photovoltaic power station is used for participating in rapid frequency modulation under small interference, the wind power station is used for participating in continuous frequency modulation under large interference, and when the frequency change rate of the asynchronous transmitting-end power grid exceeds a dead zone and is greater than 0, the photovoltaic array of the photovoltaic power station participating in rapid frequency modulation performs single-machine rapid frequency modulation response according to preset frequency modulation; when the frequency of an asynchronous transmitting end power grid fluctuates continuously, a station-level frequency modulation control system of the photovoltaic power station which does not participate in the rapid frequency modulation controls a total-station photovoltaic array to perform station-level frequency modulation response according to preset frequency modulation and variable frequency modulation; when the frequency variation of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid exceeds the dead zone, the wind power plant station-level frequency modulation control system controls the full-field wind turbine generator array to perform station-level frequency modulation response according to preset variation frequency modulation. The method can solve the problems that the mechanical service life is reduced due to the fact that a regional power grid faces the shortage of rapid frequency modulation resources, the frequency fluctuation of a system is frequent under small interference and a wind power plant participates in rapid frequency modulation.

Description

Method for new energy to participate in frequency modulation of asynchronous transmission-end power grid
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of power system frequency adjustment, in particular to a method for enabling new energy to participate in frequency modulation of an asynchronous transmission end power grid.
Background
After the regional power grid and the main grid are asynchronously networked, the capacity of the regional power grid is reduced, the disturbance resistance is weakened, and the problem of frequency stability becomes a main problem which threatens the safe and stable operation of the regional power grid instead of the problem of transient stability. Meanwhile, the hydroelectric frequency modulation dead zone in the regional power grid is generally 0.05Hz, the thermal power frequency modulation dead zone is generally 0.033Hz, and due to the water hammer effect of hydroelectric power, the response of primary frequency modulation is slow, and the frequency fluctuation is frequent due to the fact that the regional power grid is in the range of 0.04-0.07Hz of system frequency due to the countermodulation. According to investigation and field test, the new energy has the capability of participating in rapid frequency modulation, and the frequency stability problem of the regional power grid under small disturbance can be solved by the new energy participating in the regional power grid frequency modulation.
The primary frequency modulation control method of the new energy station mainly depends on a station control system at present; the station control cabinet is configured to determine a single-machine active power variation instruction according to the operation state of the new energy station when the frequency value of the grid-connected point of the new energy station meets a preset primary frequency modulation triggering condition, the station control cabinet issues a single-machine active power adjustment instruction, and the new energy station receives the instruction and outputs corresponding active power. According to the scheme, a station control cabinet needs to be added in a secondary equipment room of the new energy booster station, and meanwhile, software of a frequency converter needs to be modified, and communication from a station-level frequency modulation controller to a new energy unit is modified. When the frequency of the power grid changes, the station control cabinet is configured to determine that the frequency value of the grid-connected point meets a primary frequency modulation triggering condition, calculate a total active power increment value of the grid-connected point according to the frequency value of the grid-connected point, and generate a single-machine primary frequency modulation command according to the graded operation state; and the single frequency modulation module is connected with the corresponding new energy unit converter and is configured to adjust the active power output by the corresponding new energy unit according to the single primary frequency modulation instruction.
However, in the existing method, when a station control system detects that the frequency variation exceeds the dead zone, a single-machine active power variation instruction is determined according to the running state of new energy, a single-machine active power adjustment instruction is issued, a new energy unit converter outputs corresponding active power after receiving the instruction, the communication time between the station control system and the unit is long, and particularly for a distributed access wind power plant in a highland and mountainous area, due to the reason of the landform of the highland and mountainous area, the electrical distances between a booster station and a fan of the wind power plant and between the fan and the fan are long, the communication time delay is long by means of the existing frequency modulation mode based on the variation, the fan frequency response is slow, and the requirement of fast frequency modulation of an asynchronous. In addition, the wind turbine generator participating in the rapid frequency modulation can also cause the reduction of the mechanical life, because the frequency fluctuation frequently causes the frequency of the fan participating in the rapid frequency modulation to be greatly increased under small interference, and hundreds of rapid and large-scale changes of the angle of the paddle in a short time can cause great influence on the mechanical load and the service life of the wind turbine generator, and the mechanical life of the wind turbine generator is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a method for new energy to participate in frequency modulation of an asynchronous transmitting-end power grid, and aims to solve the problems that the communication delay time of a frequency modulation method of a current station frequency modulation control system is long, the frequency response of a fan is slow, and the asynchronous transmitting-end power grid is difficult to meet the requirement of rapid frequency modulation, and the existing frequency modulation method cannot solve the problem that the system frequency fluctuates frequently under small interference due to the shortage of rapid frequency modulation resources when high-permeability new energy is accessed to the transmitting-end power grid after asynchronous networking.
The technical scheme adopted by the application for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a method for new energy to participate in frequency modulation of an asynchronous transmitting-end power grid comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of building an asynchronous transmitting end power grid electromechanical transient model containing new energy primary frequency modulation, and carrying out simulation calculation on new energy rapid frequency modulation capacity required by power grid rapid frequency modulation under small interference;
calculating the capacity of the rapid frequency modulation to be provided in the asynchronous transmitting end power grid according to the installation condition of the new energy field station of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid and the power prediction curve of the photovoltaic power station, and determining the number of the photovoltaic power stations participating in the rapid frequency modulation;
modifying the control of the photovoltaic power station inverter participating in the rapid frequency modulation, so that the photovoltaic power station participating in the rapid frequency modulation has a single-machine primary frequency modulation function based on the change rate frequency modulation;
by adopting a field station frequency modulation control system scheme, the photovoltaic power station unit which does not participate in rapid frequency modulation has a station-level frequency modulation function based on change rate frequency modulation and change quantity frequency modulation;
by adopting a station frequency modulation control system scheme, the wind power plant has a station frequency modulation function based on variable frequency modulation;
when the frequency change rate of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid exceeds the dead zone and is greater than 0, the photovoltaic array of the photovoltaic power station participating in the rapid frequency modulation performs single-machine rapid frequency modulation response according to the preset frequency modulation of the change rate; when the frequency of an asynchronous transmitting end power grid fluctuates continuously, a station-level frequency modulation control system of the photovoltaic power station which does not participate in the rapid frequency modulation controls a total-station photovoltaic array to perform station-level frequency modulation response according to preset frequency modulation and variable frequency modulation; when the frequency variation of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid exceeds the dead zone, the wind power plant station-level frequency modulation control system controls the full-field wind turbine generator array to perform station-level frequency modulation response according to preset variation frequency modulation.
Optionally, the number of the photovoltaic power stations participating in the fast frequency modulation is a ratio of the new energy fast frequency modulation capacity to the average capacity of the photovoltaic power stations under small interference.
Optionally, the calculating, according to the installation condition of the new energy field station of the asynchronous transmission end power grid and the power prediction curve of the photovoltaic power station, the capacity of the rapid frequency modulation that needs to be provided in the asynchronous transmission end power grid, and determining the photovoltaic power station participating in the rapid frequency modulation includes:
and classifying the photovoltaic power station units according to the principle that the active power output curves of the photovoltaic power stations in the asynchronous transmitting end power grid are consistent, and determining the photovoltaic power stations participating in the rapid frequency modulation by combining the calculated rapid frequency modulation capacity required to be provided by the asynchronous transmitting end power grid.
Optionally, the classifying the photovoltaic power station unit according to the principle that the active power output curves of the photovoltaic power stations in the asynchronous transmission end power grid are consistent, and determining the photovoltaic power stations participating in the fast frequency modulation by combining the calculated fast frequency modulation capacity required to be provided by the asynchronous transmission end power grid includes:
according to the annual historical power generation data and fault rate data of different photovoltaic power stations, the photovoltaic power stations are classified according to high power generation capacity, medium power generation capacity, low power generation capacity, high fault rate, medium fault rate and low fault rate, and the photovoltaic power stations with high power generation capacity and low fault rate are selected to participate in rapid frequency modulation by combining rapid frequency modulation capacity and frequency modulation economy which need to be provided by an asynchronous transmitting end power grid and considering redundancy configuration reliability factors.
Optionally, the modifying the photovoltaic power station inverter control participating in the fast frequency modulation, so that the photovoltaic power station participating in the fast frequency modulation has a single-machine primary frequency modulation function based on the change rate frequency modulation, includes: and modifying the control of the photovoltaic array inverter participating in the rapid frequency modulation to enable the photovoltaic array inverter to have the function of automatically switching on and off the primary frequency modulation of the single frequency modulation based on the change rate and the change quantity under different active power.
Optionally, the modification of the photovoltaic array inverter control participating in the fast frequency modulation makes it have the function of automatically switching on and off the primary frequency modulation function based on the rate of change and the variable frequency modulation single machine according to different active powers, and includes:
setting a frequency modulation dead zone and frequency modulation parameters of the frequency change rate of the photovoltaic array participating in the rapid frequency modulation;
a photovoltaic inverter PLL (phase-locked loop) calculates the frequency change rate df/dt and the frequency change delta f of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid in real time according to the collected voltage data of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid;
when the asynchronous transmitting end power grid is disturbed and the frequency change rate and the change quantity of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid do not exceed the dead zone, the primary frequency modulation function of the photovoltaic array single machine does not respond;
when the frequency change rate df/dt exceeds the dead zone and is greater than 0 and the change amount does not exceed the dead zone, the photovoltaic inverter is controlled according to
Figure BDA0002473389070000021
The power variation corresponding to the calculated frequency variation rate changes the active power of the photovoltaic array single machine, wherein delta P is the active power variation, TjIs the rotational inertia of the generator; f. ofNRating the systemFrequency, Hz; pNRated power, MW;
when the frequency change rate df/dt exceeds the dead zone and is less than 0 and the change amount does not exceed the dead zone, the primary frequency modulation function of the photovoltaic inverter does not respond.
Optionally, the station frequency modulation control system scheme is adopted, so that the photovoltaic power station unit not participating in the rapid frequency modulation has the station frequency modulation function based on the change rate frequency modulation and the change amount frequency modulation, and the station frequency modulation function includes:
setting a frequency variation rate frequency modulation and variation frequency modulation dead zone and frequency modulation parameters of the asynchronous transmission end power grid of the station-level frequency control system;
the photovoltaic power station level frequency control system calculates the frequency change rate df/dt and the frequency change delta f of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid in real time according to the collected voltage data of the transformer side of the booster station;
when the asynchronous transmitting end power grid is disturbed and the frequency change rate and the frequency change quantity of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid do not exceed the dead zone, the primary frequency modulation function of the station-level frequency control system does not respond;
when the frequency change rate df/dt exceeds the dead zone and is greater than 0 and the change amount does not exceed the dead zone, the photovoltaic power station level frequency control system is based on
Figure BDA0002473389070000031
Calculating the power variation of each photovoltaic array corresponding to the obtained frequency variation rate, and then issuing a power instruction to change the single-machine active power of each photovoltaic array participating in frequency modulation, thereby finally realizing the change of the active power of the whole station;
and when the frequency change rate df/dt exceeds the dead zone and is greater than 0, and the frequency change exceeds the dead zone, the photovoltaic power station level frequency control system performs frequency modulation jointly according to the frequency modulation of the change rate and the frequency modulation of the change.
Optionally, the station frequency modulation control system scheme is adopted, so that the wind power plant has a station frequency modulation function based on variable frequency modulation, including:
setting a frequency variation rate frequency modulation and variation frequency modulation dead zone and a frequency modulation parameter of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid of the station frequency modulation control system;
the wind power plant station control system calculates the frequency variation delta f of the power grid in real time according to the collected voltage data of the booster station transformer side;
when the asynchronous transmitting end power grid is disturbed and the frequency variation of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid does not exceed the dead zone, the primary frequency modulation function of the wind power plant station frequency modulation control system does not respond;
and when the frequency variation exceeds the dead zone, the frequency modulation control system of the wind power plant station modulates the frequency according to the variation.
The technical scheme provided by the application comprises the following beneficial technical effects:
according to the method for the new energy to participate in the frequency modulation of the asynchronous transmitting-end power grid, the photovoltaic power station is used for participating in the rapid frequency modulation under small interference, the wind power station is used for participating in the continuous frequency modulation under large interference, and when the frequency change rate of the asynchronous transmitting-end power grid exceeds a dead zone and is larger than 0, the photovoltaic array of the photovoltaic power station participating in the rapid frequency modulation performs single-machine rapid frequency modulation response according to the preset frequency modulation of the change rate; when the frequency of an asynchronous transmitting end power grid fluctuates continuously, a station-level frequency modulation control system of the photovoltaic power station which does not participate in the rapid frequency modulation controls a total-station photovoltaic array to perform station-level frequency modulation response according to preset frequency modulation and variable frequency modulation; when the frequency variation of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid exceeds the dead zone, the wind power plant station-level frequency modulation control system controls the full-field wind turbine generator array to perform station-level frequency modulation response according to preset variation frequency modulation. The method for the new energy to participate in the frequency modulation of the asynchronous transmitting-end power grid considers the rapidity and the continuity of the new energy frequency modulation, and can solve the problems that the mechanical life is reduced due to the fact that a regional power grid faces the shortage of rapid frequency modulation resources, the system frequency fluctuates frequently under small interference, and a fan participates in the rapid frequency modulation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly explain the technical solution of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without any creative effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for a new energy source to participate in frequency modulation of an asynchronous transmission-side power grid according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a primary frequency modulation active-frequency curve of a wind turbine generator provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a primary frequency modulation active-frequency curve of a photovoltaic power station according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions in the present application better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application; it is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present application and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
With the development of a power grid, an asynchronous networking mode is bound to become a main form of the future power grid, and the problem of rapid frequency modulation of resources after high-permeability new energy is accessed becomes a problem to be solved urgently. After asynchronous networking, large-scale high-permeability new energy is accessed to a regional power grid, so that frequency modulation resources of the regional power grid are in short supply, and the frequency fluctuation of the system is frequent in a frequency fluctuation range of the local power grid. The problem of frequency stability can be subdivided into the problem of small interference frequency stability and the problem of large interference frequency rate stability, the method for new energy to participate in the frequency modulation of the asynchronous transmitting-end power grid is provided, parameters of a frequency modulation control system of a new energy station are set, so that photovoltaic and wind power gradually participate in the frequency modulation of the power grid, and the first-wheel frequency modulation is carried out: the photovoltaic power stations participating in the rapid frequency modulation participate in the rapid frequency modulation of the asynchronous transmission end power grid based on the change rate frequency modulation; second-wheel frequency modulation: the photovoltaic power station which does not participate in the rapid frequency modulation participates in the rapid and continuous frequency modulation of the asynchronous transmission end power grid based on the frequency modulation of the change rate and the change amount; third-order frequency modulation: all wind power plants participate in continuous frequency modulation of the asynchronous transmission end power grid based on variable quantity frequency modulation, so that the problem of frequency stability of the regional power grid is solved.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for a new energy source to participate in frequency modulation of an asynchronous transmitting-end power grid according to an embodiment of the present application, where as shown in fig. 1, the method specifically includes the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of building an asynchronous transmitting end power grid electromechanical transient model containing new energy primary frequency modulation, and carrying out simulation calculation on new energy rapid frequency modulation capacity required by power grid rapid frequency modulation under small interference;
calculating the capacity of the rapid frequency modulation to be provided in the asynchronous transmitting end power grid according to the installation condition of the new energy field station of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid and the power prediction curve of the photovoltaic power station, and determining the number of the photovoltaic power stations participating in the rapid frequency modulation;
modifying the control of the photovoltaic power station inverter participating in the rapid frequency modulation, so that the photovoltaic power station participating in the rapid frequency modulation has a single-machine primary frequency modulation function based on the change rate frequency modulation;
by adopting a field station frequency modulation control system scheme, the photovoltaic power station unit which does not participate in rapid frequency modulation has a station-level frequency modulation function based on change rate frequency modulation and change quantity frequency modulation;
by adopting a station frequency modulation control system scheme, the wind power plant has a station frequency modulation function based on variable frequency modulation;
when the frequency change rate of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid exceeds the dead zone and is greater than 0, the photovoltaic array of the photovoltaic power station participating in the rapid frequency modulation performs single-machine rapid frequency modulation response according to the preset frequency modulation of the change rate; when the frequency of an asynchronous transmitting end power grid fluctuates continuously, a station-level frequency modulation control system of the photovoltaic power station which does not participate in the rapid frequency modulation controls a total-station photovoltaic array to perform station-level frequency modulation response according to preset frequency modulation and variable frequency modulation; when the frequency variation of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid exceeds the dead zone, the wind power plant station-level frequency modulation control system controls the full-field wind turbine generator array to perform station-level frequency modulation response according to preset variation frequency modulation.
The method for the new energy to participate in the frequency modulation of the asynchronous transmitting-end power grid, provided by the embodiment of the application, has the advantages that the rapidity and the continuity of the new energy frequency modulation are considered, and the problems that a regional power grid is in shortage of rapid frequency modulation resources and frequent system frequency fluctuation under small interference can be solved. Meanwhile, after the local power grid is asynchronously networked, frequency fluctuation is frequent under small interference, the frequency of a grid-connected point of the wind power plant is unstable, according to statistical data, the wind power plant needs a wind power unit to participate in frequency modulation for 200 times within 14 hours, the frequency modulation times are too many, and influence is caused on the mechanical load and the service life of the unit. The method provided by the embodiment of the application can solve the problem that the mechanical life is reduced when the fan participates in the rapid frequency modulation. The method considers the influence on the mechanical service life of the unit possibly caused by frequent action of the primary frequency modulation function of the fan under small disturbance, simultaneously considers the requirements of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid on the rapidity and the continuity of the new energy frequency modulation, and can solve the problems of rapidness and the continuity of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid.
Optionally, the number of the photovoltaic power stations participating in the fast frequency modulation is a ratio of the new energy fast frequency modulation capacity to the average capacity of the photovoltaic power stations under small interference.
Optionally, the calculating, according to the installation condition of the new energy field station of the asynchronous transmission end power grid and the power prediction curve of the photovoltaic power station, the capacity of the rapid frequency modulation that needs to be provided in the asynchronous transmission end power grid, and determining the photovoltaic power station participating in the rapid frequency modulation includes:
and classifying the photovoltaic power station units according to the principle that the active power output curves of the photovoltaic power stations in the asynchronous transmitting end power grid are consistent, and determining the photovoltaic power stations participating in the rapid frequency modulation by combining the calculated rapid frequency modulation capacity required to be provided by the asynchronous transmitting end power grid.
Optionally, the classifying the photovoltaic power station unit according to the principle that the active power output curves of the photovoltaic power stations in the asynchronous transmission end power grid are consistent, and determining the photovoltaic power stations participating in the fast frequency modulation by combining the calculated fast frequency modulation capacity required to be provided by the asynchronous transmission end power grid includes:
according to the annual historical power generation data and fault rate data of different photovoltaic power stations, the photovoltaic power stations are classified according to high power generation capacity, medium power generation capacity, low power generation capacity, high fault rate, medium fault rate and low fault rate, and the photovoltaic power stations with high power generation capacity and low fault rate are selected to participate in rapid frequency modulation by combining rapid frequency modulation capacity and frequency modulation economy which need to be provided by an asynchronous transmitting end power grid and considering redundancy configuration reliability factors.
Optionally, the modifying the photovoltaic power station inverter control participating in the fast frequency modulation, so that the photovoltaic power station participating in the fast frequency modulation has a single-machine primary frequency modulation function based on the change rate frequency modulation, includes: and modifying the control of the photovoltaic array inverter participating in the rapid frequency modulation to enable the photovoltaic array inverter to have the function of automatically switching on and off the primary frequency modulation of the single frequency modulation based on the change rate and the change quantity under different active power.
As an embodiment, assuming a simple representation method in three time periods, namely, in early, middle and late, namely, at different powers, a photovoltaic square matrix cluster participating in fast frequency modulation may be L, M or N photovoltaic square matrices, where it may be set in detail that when the active power of the photovoltaic square matrix is P1(Pmax is greater than or equal to P1> P2, Pmax is the maximum active power of each photovoltaic square matrix), L photovoltaic square matrices participate in fast frequency modulation, when the active power of the photovoltaic square matrix is P2(P1 is greater than or equal to P2> P3), M square matrices participate in fast frequency modulation, and when the active power of the photovoltaic square matrix is P3(P2 is greater than or equal to P3>0), N square matrices participate in fast frequency modulation, where the photovoltaic square matrix cluster participating in fast frequency modulation satisfies that the power participating in fast frequency modulation is equal, i.e., P1, L, P2, M, P3, N (L < N); the quantity (such as L, M, N) and the theoretical grade (such as L, M, N, theoretical grade 3) of the photovoltaic square matrix participating in the fast frequency modulation can be set according to the principle that the total frequency modulation power of the photovoltaic square matrix participating in the fast frequency modulation is equal in different time periods.
Optionally, the modification of the photovoltaic array inverter control participating in the fast frequency modulation makes it have the function of automatically switching on and off the primary frequency modulation function based on the rate of change and the variable frequency modulation single machine according to different active powers, and includes:
setting a frequency modulation dead zone and frequency modulation parameters of the frequency change rate of the photovoltaic array participating in the rapid frequency modulation; the frequency modulation dead zone of the change rate is assumed to be +/-0.033 Hz/S, the grid frequency change rate df/dt of the area under actual small disturbance is basically larger than +0.033Hz/S, the thermal power frequency modulation dead zone is 0.033Hz, and the hydroelectric frequency modulation dead zone is 0.05 Hz. Set up 0.033Hz/S, because photovoltaic inverter comprises the IGBT device, the reaction rate to the frequency variation can be faster than thermoelectricity reaction rate, and after the modification, the frequency modulation theory level: the photovoltaic participates in rapid frequency modulation, thermal power frequency modulation, hydroelectric power frequency modulation and wind power frequency modulation;
a photovoltaic inverter PLL (phase-locked loop) calculates the frequency change rate df/dt and the frequency change delta f of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid in real time according to the collected voltage data of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid;
when the asynchronous transmitting end power grid is disturbed and the frequency change rate and the change quantity of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid do not exceed the dead zone, the primary frequency modulation function of the photovoltaic array single machine does not respond;
when the frequency change rate df/dt exceeds the dead zone and is greater than 0 and the change amount does not exceed the dead zone, the photovoltaic inverter is controlled according to
Figure BDA0002473389070000051
The power variation corresponding to the calculated frequency variation rate changes the active power of the photovoltaic array single machine, wherein delta P is the active power variation, TjIs the rotational inertia of the generator; f. ofNThe system rated frequency, Hz; pNFor rated power, MW, specifically: when the direct current of the asynchronous sending end power grid is locked, the frequency is increased, the frequency df/dt of the power grid is increased, and the photovoltaic inverter is controlled according to the result
Figure BDA0002473389070000061
Calculating the result to lower the power;
when the frequency change rate df/dt exceeds the dead zone and is less than 0 and the change amount does not exceed the dead zone, the primary frequency modulation function of the photovoltaic inverter does not respond.
Optionally, the station frequency modulation control system scheme is adopted, so that the photovoltaic power station unit not participating in the rapid frequency modulation has the station frequency modulation function based on the change rate frequency modulation and the change amount frequency modulation, and the station frequency modulation function includes:
setting a frequency modulation dead zone of the frequency variation rate of the power grid at the asynchronous transmitting end of the station-level frequency control system, a variation frequency modulation dead zone and a frequency modulation parameter, wherein the variation frequency modulation dead zone is +/-0.05 Hz/S when the variation frequency modulation dead zone is assumed (for example, +/-0.05 Hz/S, and the grid frequency variation rate df/dt of the area under actual small disturbance is basically larger than +0.05 Hz/S);
the photovoltaic power station level frequency control system calculates the frequency change rate df/dt and the frequency change delta f of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid in real time according to the collected voltage data of the transformer side of the booster station;
when the asynchronous transmitting end power grid is disturbed and the frequency change rate and the frequency change quantity of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid do not exceed the dead zone, the primary frequency modulation function of the station-level frequency control system does not respond;
when the rate of change of frequency df/dt exceedsWhen the dead zone is exceeded and is larger than 0 and the variation does not exceed the dead zone, the photovoltaic power station level frequency control system is based on
Figure BDA0002473389070000062
Calculating the power variation of each photovoltaic array corresponding to the obtained frequency variation rate, and then issuing a power instruction to change the single-machine active power of each photovoltaic array participating in frequency modulation, thereby finally realizing the change of the active power of the whole station;
when the frequency change rate df/dt exceeds the dead zone and is greater than 0, and the frequency change amount exceeds the dead zone, the photovoltaic power station level frequency control system frequency-modulates according to the change rate frequency modulation and the change amount frequency modulation together, specifically: when the direct current of the asynchronous transmitting-end power grid is locked, the frequency is increased, the grid frequency df/dt and delta f are increased, and the photovoltaic power station level frequency control system controls the frequency according to the
Figure BDA0002473389070000063
Figure BDA0002473389070000064
And calculating a frequency change rate down-regulation power instruction and a frequency change amount down-regulation power instruction, and issuing the instruction to the photovoltaic array to realize common frequency modulation.
Optionally, the station frequency modulation control system scheme is adopted, so that the wind power plant has a station frequency modulation function based on variable frequency modulation, including:
setting a frequency modulation of the frequency variation rate of the power grid at the asynchronous transmitting end of the station frequency modulation control system, a variation frequency modulation dead zone and a frequency modulation parameter, wherein the variation frequency modulation dead zone is +/-0.05 Hz/S when the variation frequency modulation dead zone is assumed (for example, +/-0.05 Hz/S, and the grid frequency variation rate df/dt of the area under actual small disturbance is basically larger than +0.05 Hz/S);
the wind power plant station control system calculates the frequency variation delta f of the power grid in real time according to the collected voltage data of the booster station transformer side;
when the asynchronous transmitting end power grid is disturbed and the frequency variation of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid does not exceed the dead zone, the primary frequency modulation function of the wind power plant station frequency modulation control system does not respond;
when the frequency variation exceedsWhen the dead zone, wind-powered electricity generation field station frequency modulation control system is according to the variable quantity frequency modulation, specifically: when the direct current of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid is locked, the frequency is increased, the frequency delta f of the power grid is increased, and the frequency modulation control system of the wind power plant station is according to the
Figure BDA0002473389070000065
And calculating a frequency change rate down-regulation power and a frequency change amount down-regulation power instruction, and issuing the instruction to the fan to realize frequency modulation.
In addition, the primary frequency modulation, the variation rate frequency modulation, the variation frequency modulation, and the Phase Locked Loop (PLL) given in the embodiments of the present application respectively represent the following meanings:
the primary frequency modulation, such as the primary frequency modulation active-frequency curve of the wind turbine generator shown in fig. 2, refers to an automatic control process in which a control system of a unit in a power grid automatically controls the increase and decrease of the active power of the unit once the frequency of the power grid deviates from a rated value, so as to limit the change of the power grid frequency and maintain the power grid frequency stable. When the frequency of the power grid exceeds the dead zone, the frequency f of the power grid is increased, and the primary frequency modulation function requires that the unit adjusts the power P down according to a Kf2 curve; when the frequency f of the power grid is reduced, the primary frequency modulation function requires the unit to adjust the power P upwards according to a Kf1 curve. The regional power grid mainly faces high frequency problems caused by direct current blocking, namely, the requirement of a primary frequency modulation curve of the regional power grid is a KF2 curve, the frequency is increased, and the active power is reduced.
Frequency modulation of variation rate, such as the primary frequency modulation active-frequency curve of a photovoltaic power station shown in fig. 3; when the frequency of the power grid changes, the frequency change rate df/dt is calculated, the frequency change rate dead zone is assumed to be 0.05Hz/S, and when the frequency change rate df/dt exceeds the dead zone (for example, 0.05Hz/S, the frequency change rate of the actual regional power grid is df/dt ═ 0.16HZ/S), the photovoltaic power station is based on the fact that
Figure BDA0002473389070000071
And calculating the power variation corresponding to the frequency variation rate to realize the frequency modulation response of the variation rate. When the grid frequency exceeds the dead zone, the grid frequency df/dt is increased, and the primary frequency modulation function requires the unit to operate according to the requirements
Figure BDA0002473389070000072
Calculating the result to lower the power; when the grid frequency df/dt is reduced, the primary frequency modulation function requires the unit to be according to
Figure BDA0002473389070000073
The calculation result adjusts the power P up.
Variable quantity frequency modulation: the new energy station realizes a quick frequency response function according to an active-frequency characteristic curve function, and the formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002473389070000074
wherein:
fd-a fast frequency response action threshold;
PN-nominal power;
percent-rate of difference;
P0-initial value of power.
When the output power of the new energy station is greater than 20% of the rated value of the full-field active power, the primary frequency modulation function can be started. Fast frequency response action threshold fdAdjustable, the suggested value is 50 +/-0.06 Hz; the adjustment rate% is adjustable, and the suggested value is 2% -3%; the primary frequency modulation response amplitude limiting is not less than 10% of the rated output of the new energy station. When the power grid is in a high-frequency disturbance condition, the active power can not be regulated downwards when the active power reaches 10% of rated output.
The related parameters of the primary frequency modulation can be set on line, and the control strategy can be upgraded according to the specific requirements of the power grid.
Phase Locked Loop (PLL): the PLL is a phase control link for tracking the frequency and the phase of the voltage of the power grid in the control of the fan frequency converter, and the setting of the PLL can enable a sinusoidal signal output by the fan frequency converter to be consistent with the frequency and the phase of the voltage of the power grid, so that grid connection conditions are achieved, and smooth grid connection action of a wind power plant is guaranteed.
The embodiment of the application provides a method for participating in frequency modulation of an asynchronous transmitting end power grid by means of new energy aiming at the problems that frequency fluctuation is frequent under small interference of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid, the power grid lacks fast frequency modulation resources, and the frequency fluctuation of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid is frequent in a frequency fluctuation range of 0.04-0.07 Hz.
It is noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that an article or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above description is merely exemplary of the present application and is presented to enable those skilled in the art to understand and practice the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
It will be understood that the present application is not limited to what has been described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the application is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. A method for enabling new energy to participate in frequency modulation of an asynchronous transmitting-end power grid is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of building an asynchronous transmitting end power grid electromechanical transient model containing new energy primary frequency modulation, and carrying out simulation calculation on new energy rapid frequency modulation capacity required by power grid rapid frequency modulation under small interference;
calculating the capacity of the rapid frequency modulation to be provided in the asynchronous transmitting end power grid according to the installation condition of the new energy field station of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid and the power prediction curve of the photovoltaic power station, and determining the number of the photovoltaic power stations participating in the rapid frequency modulation;
modifying the control of the photovoltaic power station inverter participating in the rapid frequency modulation, so that the photovoltaic power station participating in the rapid frequency modulation has a single-machine primary frequency modulation function based on the change rate frequency modulation;
by adopting a field station frequency modulation control system scheme, the photovoltaic power station unit which does not participate in rapid frequency modulation has a station-level frequency modulation function based on change rate frequency modulation and change quantity frequency modulation;
by adopting a station frequency modulation control system scheme, the wind power plant has a station frequency modulation function based on variable frequency modulation;
when the frequency change rate of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid exceeds the dead zone and is greater than 0, the photovoltaic array of the photovoltaic power station participating in the rapid frequency modulation performs single-machine rapid frequency modulation response according to the preset frequency modulation of the change rate; when the frequency of an asynchronous transmitting end power grid fluctuates continuously, a station-level frequency modulation control system of the photovoltaic power station which does not participate in the rapid frequency modulation controls a total-station photovoltaic array to perform station-level frequency modulation response according to preset frequency modulation and variable frequency modulation; when the frequency variation of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid exceeds the dead zone, the wind power plant station-level frequency modulation control system controls the full-field wind turbine generator array to perform station-level frequency modulation response according to preset variation frequency modulation.
2. The method for the new energy to participate in the frequency modulation of the asynchronous transmitting-end power grid according to claim 1, wherein the number of the photovoltaic power stations participating in the fast frequency modulation is a ratio of a new energy fast frequency modulation capacity to an average photovoltaic power station capacity under small interference.
3. The method for the new energy to participate in the frequency modulation of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid according to claim 1, wherein the step of calculating the fast frequency modulation capacity required to be provided in the asynchronous transmitting end power grid according to the installation condition of the new energy field of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid and the power prediction curve of the photovoltaic power station comprises the following steps of:
and classifying the photovoltaic power station units according to the principle that the active power output curves of the photovoltaic power stations in the asynchronous transmitting end power grid are consistent, and determining the photovoltaic power stations participating in the rapid frequency modulation by combining the calculated rapid frequency modulation capacity required to be provided by the asynchronous transmitting end power grid.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the step of classifying the photovoltaic power station units according to the principle that the active power output curves of the photovoltaic power stations in the asynchronous transmission side power grid are consistent, and the step of determining the photovoltaic power stations participating in the rapid frequency modulation according to the calculated rapid frequency modulation capacity required to be provided by the asynchronous transmission side power grid comprises the steps of:
according to the annual historical power generation data and fault rate data of different photovoltaic power stations, the photovoltaic power stations are classified according to high power generation capacity, medium power generation capacity, low power generation capacity, high fault rate, medium fault rate and low fault rate, and the photovoltaic power stations with high power generation capacity and low fault rate are selected to participate in rapid frequency modulation by combining rapid frequency modulation capacity and frequency modulation economy which need to be provided by an asynchronous transmitting end power grid and considering redundancy configuration reliability factors.
5. The method for the new energy to participate in the frequency modulation of the asynchronous transmitting-end power grid according to claim 1, wherein the step of modifying the inverter control of the photovoltaic power station participating in the fast frequency modulation so that the photovoltaic power station participating in the fast frequency modulation has a single-machine primary frequency modulation function based on the frequency modulation of the change rate comprises the following steps: and modifying the control of the photovoltaic array inverter participating in the rapid frequency modulation to enable the photovoltaic array inverter to have the function of automatically switching on and off the primary frequency modulation of the single frequency modulation based on the change rate and the change quantity under different active power.
6. The method for the new energy to participate in the frequency modulation of the asynchronous transmitting-end power grid according to claim 5, wherein the step of modifying the photovoltaic matrix inverter control participating in the fast frequency modulation to have the function of automatically switching on and off the single primary frequency modulation function based on the frequency modulation rate and the variation according to different active powers comprises the following steps:
setting a frequency modulation dead zone and frequency modulation parameters of the frequency change rate of the photovoltaic array participating in the rapid frequency modulation;
a photovoltaic inverter PLL (phase-locked loop) calculates the frequency change rate df/dt and the frequency change delta f of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid in real time according to the collected voltage data of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid;
when the asynchronous transmitting end power grid is disturbed and the frequency change rate and the change quantity of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid do not exceed the dead zone, the primary frequency modulation function of the photovoltaic array single machine does not respond;
when the frequency change rate df/dt exceeds the dead zone and is greater than 0 and the change amount does not exceed the dead zone, the photovoltaic inverter is controlled according to
Figure FDA0002473389060000021
The power variation corresponding to the calculated frequency variation rate changes the active power of the photovoltaic array single machine, wherein delta P is the active power variation, TjIs the rotational inertia of the generator; f. ofNThe system rated frequency, Hz; pNRated power, MW;
when the frequency change rate df/dt exceeds the dead zone and is less than 0 and the change amount does not exceed the dead zone, the primary frequency modulation function of the photovoltaic inverter does not respond.
7. The method for the new energy to participate in the frequency modulation of the asynchronous transmitting-end power grid according to claim 1, wherein the step of enabling the photovoltaic power station unit not participating in the fast frequency modulation to have the station-level frequency modulation function based on the variation rate frequency modulation and the variation amount frequency modulation by adopting the station frequency modulation control system scheme comprises the following steps of:
setting a frequency variation rate frequency modulation and variation frequency modulation dead zone and frequency modulation parameters of the asynchronous transmission end power grid of the station-level frequency control system;
the photovoltaic power station level frequency control system calculates the frequency change rate df/dt and the frequency change delta f of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid in real time according to the collected voltage data of the transformer side of the booster station;
when the asynchronous transmitting end power grid is disturbed and the frequency change rate and the frequency change quantity of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid do not exceed the dead zone, the primary frequency modulation function of the station-level frequency control system does not respond;
when the frequency change rate df/dt exceeds the dead zone and is greater than 0 and the change amount does not exceed the dead zone, the photovoltaic power station level frequency control system is based on
Figure FDA0002473389060000022
Calculating the power variation of each photovoltaic array corresponding to the obtained frequency variation rate, and then issuing a power instruction to change the single-machine active power of each photovoltaic array participating in frequency modulation, thereby finally realizing the change of the active power of the whole station;
and when the frequency change rate df/dt exceeds the dead zone and is greater than 0, and the frequency change exceeds the dead zone, the photovoltaic power station level frequency control system performs frequency modulation jointly according to the frequency modulation of the change rate and the frequency modulation of the change.
8. The method for enabling the new energy to participate in frequency modulation of the asynchronous transmitting-end power grid according to claim 1, wherein the step of enabling the wind power plant to have a station-level frequency modulation function based on variable frequency modulation by adopting a station frequency modulation control system scheme comprises the following steps of:
setting a frequency variation rate frequency modulation and variation frequency modulation dead zone and a frequency modulation parameter of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid of the station frequency modulation control system;
the wind power plant station control system calculates the frequency variation delta f of the power grid in real time according to the collected voltage data of the booster station transformer side;
when the asynchronous transmitting end power grid is disturbed and the frequency variation of the asynchronous transmitting end power grid does not exceed the dead zone, the primary frequency modulation function of the wind power plant station frequency modulation control system does not respond;
and when the frequency variation exceeds the dead zone, the frequency modulation control system of the wind power plant station modulates the frequency according to the variation.
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