CN110904026B - 一种不同来源肝前体样细胞的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及细胞模型技术领域,具体是一种不同来源肝前体样细胞的制备方法,是将肝实质细胞和/或肝非实质细胞通过肝细胞转化增殖培养基诱导培养后,转化为可在体外扩增并传代的肝前体样细胞。本发明通过运用谱系示踪的方法,分离小鼠肝脏中的实质与非实质细胞,通过体外小分子组合诱导培养,二者均成功转化为具有增殖再生功能的肝前体样细胞,同时通过三维培养及类器官培养后证明,二者均保持了其细胞来源的特性。本发明有助于进一步研究不同来源肝前体细胞生物学形态学特性,深入探索其作为新的移植细胞来源的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及细胞模型技术领域,具体地说,是一种不同来源肝前体样细胞的制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
今年研究表明,谱系示踪模型通过特定的荧光信号标记细胞,在肝脏处于不同的状态下研究其来源,演化及最终去向(Tarlow,B.D.,C.Pelz,W.E.Naugler,L.Wakefield,E.M.Wilson,M.J.Finegold,and M.Grompe,Bipotential adult liver progenitors arederived from chronically injured mature hepatocytes.Cell Stem Cell,2014.15(5):p.605-18.)。其全程可视化的优势使其备受各研究团队的青睐。在肝再生研究领域中,近年来众多研究通过对不同细胞表面标记物示踪,发现当肝脏处于慢性损伤状态,其实质细胞及非实质细胞均有可能转化为肝前体细胞,当通过流式细胞术利用荧光标记分离不同来源的肝前体细胞,发现其在体外培养中均具备肝向及胆向分化的潜能,然而由于体内内源性肝前体细胞数量极少的这一天然阻碍,对不同来源的肝前体细胞进行深入细胞学特性及功能探索仍相当受限。
另外,近年研究表明,体外通过应用不同小分子组合配比,可有效对肝实质细胞及非实质细胞进行三维培养及类器官(Organoid)培养,并在培养过程中,可长时间较稳定维持细胞特性(Hu,H.,H.Gehart,B.Artegiani,L.O.-I.C,F.Dekkers,O.Basak,J.van Es,S.M.Chuva de Sousa Lopes,H.Begthel,J.Korving,M.van den Born,C.Zou,C.Quirk,L.Chiriboga,C.M.Rice,S.Ma,A.Rios,P.J.Peters,Y.P.de Jong,and H.Clevers,Long-Term Expansion of Functional Mouse and Human Hepatocytes as 3DOrganoids.Cell,2018.175(6):p.1591-1606e19.)。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种不同来源肝前体样细胞的制备方法及其应用。
本发明通过运用肝细胞转化增殖培养基(Transition and Expansion Medium,TEM),经过一定时间诱导培养后,将肝实质细胞(hepatocytes)及非实质细胞(non-parenchymal-cell,NPC)转化为可在体外扩增并传代的肝前体样细胞(分别为HepLPCs及NPC-LPCs),并在体外联合三维培养及类器官(Organoid)培养验证其功能特性。
本发明的第一方面,提供一种不同来源肝前体样细胞的制备方法,是将肝实质细胞(hepatocytes)和/或肝非实质细胞(non-parenchymal-cell,NPC)通过肝细胞转化增殖培养基(TEM)诱导培养后,转化为可在体外扩增并传代的肝前体样细胞(称为HepLPCs和/或NPC-LPCs)。
进一步的,所述的不同来源肝前体样细胞的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(A)分离获得来自小鼠肝脏的原代实质细胞和/或非实质细胞后,将细胞以2×104/cm2的密度种到经胶原包被过的培养皿中,用肝细胞转化增殖培养基(TEM)培养基培养;
(B)细胞在1周后可基本长满,然后将细胞用少许Accutase消化酶消化,将细胞置于37℃孵箱中孵育3~5分钟后(消化的具体时间视细胞状态而定),轻轻拍打培养皿可见细胞在消化液中如泥沙样漂浮,往培养皿中加入体积为消化液1倍的含有血清的完全培养基去终止消化,将培养皿中的培养基用吸引器吸走后,之后用移液管轻轻吹打细胞后吸入玻璃离心管内,900转速、3分钟离心,吸走上清,以1:2的比例传代;当细胞进入倍增时间为15-20小时的指数扩增时,获得可以以稳定的增长速度进行增殖传代的肝前体样细胞。
更进一步的,所述的肝细胞转化增殖培养基(TEM)是在DMEM/F12培养基基础上,添加有N2添加剂、B27添加剂、0.5~1.5mmol/L丙酮酸钠、5~50μg/mL抗坏血酸维生素C、5~25ng/mL肝细胞生长因子HGF、5~25ng/mL表皮细胞生长因子EGF、5~20μmol/L ROCK激酶抑制剂Y27632、1~5μmol/L Wnt信号通路激动剂CHIR99021。
本发明的第二方面,提供一种不同来源肝前体样细胞,其采用如上所述的制备方法制备得到。
本发明的第三方面,提供一种如上所述的肝前体样细胞的三维培养及类器官培养方法,包括以下步骤:
三维培养:2mL肝细胞转化增殖培养基(TEM)重悬约1×106肝前体样细胞,种植于低粘附6孔板中1孔,同时置于细胞培养CO2孵箱内摇床上培养;6小时后细胞逐渐凝聚成球状,2-3天加入0.5mL肝细胞转化增殖培养基(TEM)继续培养5-7天;
类器官三维培养:肝前体样细胞以2×104/mL浓度重悬于50%浓度的matrigel中,移入24孔板的一个角落里,常温下放置2小时使matrigel凝固,再加入500uL肝细胞转化增殖培养基(TEM)继续培养5-7天。
本发明的第四方面,提供肝细胞转化增殖培养基(TEM)在制备肝前体样细胞中的应用,所述的肝前体样细胞的来源为肝实质细胞或肝非实质细胞。
本发明的第五方面,提供肝细胞转化增殖培养基(TEM)在制备功能肝细胞中的应用,所述的功能肝细胞的来源为肝实质细胞或肝非实质细胞。
本发明优点在于:
1、本发明通过运用谱系示踪的方法,分离小鼠肝脏中的实质与非实质细胞,通过体外小分子组合诱导培养,二者均成功转化为具有增殖再生功能的肝前体样细胞,同时通过三维培养及类器官(organoid)培养后证明,二者均保持了其细胞来源的特性。
2、本发明利用TEM体系扩增不同来源的肝前体细胞达到足够的数量后,有助于进一步研究不同来源肝前体细胞生物学形态学特性,深入探索其作为新的移植细胞来源的应用前景。
附图说明
图1:两种示踪小鼠模型的构建方法、荧光显微镜下肝脏组织切片图、流式分选结果及经过TEM培养基诱导培养后的肝前体样细胞的光镜及荧光显微镜下图。
图2:HepLPCs和NPC-LPCs增殖速度差异。A、B、C图分别为HepLPCs和NPC-LPCs的增殖速度、第5代和10代的倍增时间以及两代次的edu荧光染色情况;其中A图显示HepLPCs和NPC-LPCs具有相似的增殖的速度,B、C图显示二者的不同代次具有相似的倍增速度。
图3:HepLPCs和NPC-LPCs在肝脏功能相关及前体(胆管上皮细胞)标志物的差异表达。A、B图为HepLPCs和NPC-LPCs在肝脏功能相关及前体(胆管上皮细胞)标志物的转录水平表达;图C为HepLPCs和NPC-LPCs肝脏功能相关及前体标志物的免疫荧光表达情况。
图4:HepLPCs和NPC-LPCs在Organoid类器官及三维肝球培养中的差异。A图为HepLPCs和NPC-LPCs在Organoid类器官培养体积、数量及功能中的差异;B图为二者在三维肝球培养中体积、数量及肝功能检测的差异。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的具体实施方式作详细说明。
实施例1:
一、实验材料
1、细胞培养相关试剂
本发明所用的重组蛋白HGF购于Peprotech公司;而其余的小分子化合物如Y27632、A83-01和CHIR99021均购于TargetMol公司;所用的细胞皆来源于新鲜肝脏组织分离而来原代肝细胞,并使用特定的细胞培养基(即TEM增殖培养基)培养,分离原代细胞中所用IV型胶原酶:购于Sigma公司;青霉素与链霉素双联合抗生素购买自博锐生物医药公司;William's E培养基及HANKs溶液购于上海源培生物公司;用于细胞的冲洗及重悬所用PBS缓冲液(Phosphate Buffer Solution),购于Gibco公司;所用的冻存细胞的生物试剂购于新赛美公司;后续用于原代肝细胞分离实验所用的培养基Dulbecco’s modified Eaglemedium(DMEM)以及胎牛血清(FBS)均购于Gibco公司;0.5M EGTA购买于碧云天(Beyotime)生物科技公司;分离原代细胞实验中用于滤过未被消化的肝脏组织的40um细胞过滤网以及培养的原代肝细胞及肝前体细胞所用的基质胶Matrigel均购于BD公司。
2、示踪动物模型
8周龄的Rosa26-LSL-tdTomato mice,AlbCreERT和R26-iDTREGFP小鼠购买于百奥赛图基因生物技术有限公司;AAV8-TBG-Cre腺相关病毒购买于上海赛立维生物科技有限公司。本方法利用肝实质细胞特异表达TBG表面标记物,而由于通过病毒标记的方法仍无法100%标记全部的肝实质细胞,即未标记的mTom-细胞可存有极少数的肝实质细胞,故增加了AlbCreERT和R26-iDTREGFP这一模型,按现有的研究结果显示,肝实质细胞及肝前体细胞均表达Albumin(白蛋白),故其GFP-细胞为肝脏非实质细胞。本发明通过两种模型,前者用于分离肝实质细胞,后者用于分离肝非实质细胞。
二、实验方法
1、示踪模型建立及细胞分离
建立肝实质细胞示踪模型:
(1)Rosa26-LSL-tdTomato mice经鼠尾注射2×1011AAV8-TBG-Cre腺相关病毒,14天后在荧光显微镜下可观察到肝脏中肝实质细胞标记mTom红色荧光(图1);
(2)AlbCreERT和R26-iDTREGFP繁殖出后代AlbCreERT/R26GFP,可在荧光显微镜下观察到肝实质细胞标记GFP绿色荧光(图1)。运用两步灌流法,经门静脉通过蠕动泵向小鼠肝脏匀速注入P1及P2灌流液,将消化好的肝脏放入含20ml培养基的培养皿,再用1毫升注射器芯反复研碎肝脏组织,新鲜分离的小鼠原代肝脏细胞用PBS清洗2-3次后,用PBS以2-3×106/100μL浓度重悬放入流式细胞仪对mTom+及GFP-荧光信号进行细胞分选。
2、原代细胞培养与前体转化
分离获得小鼠原代细胞后,将细胞以2×104/cm2的密度种到经胶原包被过的培养皿中,用TEM培养基培养(见上)。细胞在1周后可基本长满,然后将细胞用少许Accutase消化酶消化,将细胞置于37℃孵箱中孵育3~5分钟后(消化的具体时间视细胞状态而定),轻轻拍打培养皿可见细胞在消化液中如泥沙样漂浮,往培养皿中加入体积为消化液1倍的含有血清的完全培养基去终止消化,将培养皿中的培养基用吸引器吸走后,之后用移液管轻轻吹打细胞后吸入玻璃离心管内,900转速、3分钟离心,吸走上清,以1:2的比例传代。当细胞进入倍增时间为15-20小时的指数扩增时,可以以稳定的增长速度进行增殖传代,细胞由此也具备典型的上皮细胞形态。
3、前体细胞的三维培养及类器官培养
对于三维培养,2mL TEM培养基重悬约1×106肝前体细胞,种植于低粘附6孔板中1孔,同时置于细胞培养CO2孵箱内摇床上培养。6小时后细胞逐渐凝聚成球状,2-3天加入0.5mL TEM培养基继续培养5-7天;类器官三维培养,以2×104/mL浓度重悬于50%浓度的matrigel中,移入24孔板的一个角落里,常温下放置2小时使matrigel凝固,再加入500ulTEM培养基培养。第3天便可看到细胞形成小的环状结构,至第7天细胞可形成典型的胆囊小体结构。
4、体外功能验证
(1)胆囊小体罗丹明123实验
将TEM培养基吸走,加入不添加血清的William's E培养基清洗两遍,然后将罗丹明123以100uM的终浓度加入William's E培养基中与小体共同在37℃孵育5min,再用William's E培养基清洗三遍后放入孵箱继续孵育20min。最后在共聚焦显微镜下观察。维拉帕米可以阻断Mdr的转运从而使较少的罗丹明123泵出细胞外。在孵育罗丹明123前,在TEM培养基中加入终浓度为10uM的维拉帕米,然后再重复罗丹明123染色步骤。
(2)细胞及肝球功能实验检测
其中细胞免疫荧光通过4%多聚甲醛溶液常温固定10分钟,然后加入0.4%Triton穿膜液,37℃,15分钟后,后加入3%BSA封闭液37℃孵箱孵育30分钟。吸走封闭液并加入稀释好的一抗,4℃孵育8-10小时后取出,然后添加一抗相对应种属的荧光二抗,常温或37℃孵育30-60分钟后用DAPI进行核复染,其中每一步骤间隔均用PBS清洗三次,可在4℃保存或直接在共聚焦显微镜下观察。肝球制备好冰冻及石蜡切片后,根据试剂盒提示操作步骤,冰冻切片用于油红染色实验检测;石蜡切片用于免疫组化实验及糖原染色实验检测。
三、实验结果:
图1是两种示踪小鼠模型的构建方法、荧光显微镜下肝脏组织切片图、流式分选结果及经过TEM培养基诱导培养后的肝前体样细胞的光镜及荧光显微镜下图。结果显示,其中经AAV-TBG-Cre腺相关病毒标记的tdTomato小鼠肝实质细胞呈现红色荧光(mTom+),体外TEM培养流式分选mTom+细胞仍保持红色荧光,证明其来自肝脏实质细胞;AlbCre-iDTR-GFP小鼠中肝实质细胞及肝脏前体细胞呈现绿色荧光(GFP+),及非实质细胞为非荧光(GFP-),体外TEM培养流式分选GFP-细胞仍保持非荧光,证明其来自于肝脏的非实质细胞。Scalebar,200μm。诱导后均显示稳定均一增殖的前体样细胞状态,分别命名为为HepLPCs和NPC-LPCs。
图2显示了HepLPCs和NPC-LPCs增殖速度差异。A、B、C图分别为HepLPCs和NPC-LPCs的增殖速度、第5代和10代的倍增时间以及两代次的edu荧光染色情况;其中A图显示HepLPCs和NPC-LPCs具有相似的增殖的速度,B、C图显示二者的不同代次具有相似的倍增速度。
图3显示了HepLPCs和NPC-LPCs在肝脏功能相关及前体(胆管上皮细胞)标志物的差异表达。其中A、B图为HepLPCs和NPC-LPCs在肝脏功能相关及前体(胆管上皮细胞)标志物的转录水平表达;图C为HepLPCs和NPC-LPCs肝脏功能相关及前体标志物的免疫荧光表达情况。由图3可以看出肝功能相关基因如ALB、HNF4α在HepLPCs表达高;而前体(胆管上皮细胞)标志物如EpCAM、Lgr5基因在NPC-LPCs表达高,显示二者在体外平面培养及扩增过程中仍部分保持其肝实质及非实质来源的特性。
图4显示了HepLPCs和NPC-LPCs在Organoid类器官及三维肝球培养中的差异。其中A图为HepLPCs和NPC-LPCs在Organoid类器官培养体积、数量及功能中的差异,显示培养第7天HepLPCs形成的胆囊小体无论从体积和数量上,都明显小于NPC-LPCs,而功能上,从罗丹明123染色实验可见NPC-LPCs形成的胆囊对罗丹明123的摄入能力更强,体现其在胆管功能分化能力更强;B图为二者在三维肝球培养中体积、数量及肝功能检测的差异,显示培养第7天HepLPCs形成的肝球体积更大,而从油红染色实验及糖原染色实验可见,HepLPCs形成肝球具有更好的脂肪及糖原合成能力,从ALB及CYP3A4的免疫组化切片可见,HepLPCs形成肝球中二者表达量更高,体现其在肝细胞功能分化更强。
四、结果讨论:
本发明通过运用谱系示踪方法标记并分离小鼠肝脏中的实质与非实质细胞,通过体外TEM系统诱导培养,二者均重新高表达部分前体(胆管上皮细胞)标志物,可见无论肝实质细胞和非实质细胞均具有一定可塑性,并在TEM系统中恢复其增殖再生特性。进一步我们通过三维培养及类器官(organoid)培养,证明来源于肝实质细胞的HepLPCs和来源于肝非实质细胞的NPC-LPCs,分别具有特异肝向分化及胆向分化的潜能,保持了其原细胞来源的特性。本发明利用TEM体系扩增不同来源的肝前体细胞达到足够的数量后,可进一步研究其生物学形态学特性;并可用于作为新的移植细胞来源,深入探索其应用前景。
以上已对本发明创造的较佳实施例进行了具体说明,但本发明创造并不限于所述实施例,熟悉本领域的技术人员在不违背本发明创造精神的前提下还可做出种种的等同的变型或替换,这些等同的变型或替换均包含在本申请权利要求所限定的范围内。
Claims (6)
1.一种不同来源肝前体样细胞的制备方法,其特征在于,是将肝非实质细胞通过肝细胞转化增殖培养基诱导培养后,转化为可在体外扩增并传代的肝前体样细胞;所述的肝细胞转化增殖培养基为TEM培养基,其具体为在DMEM/F12 培养基基础上,添加有N2添加剂、B27添加剂、0.5~1.5mmol/L丙酮酸钠、5~50μg/mL抗坏血酸维生素C、5~25 ng/mL肝细胞生长因子HGF、5~25ng/mL表皮细胞生长因子EGF、5~20μmol/L ROCK激酶抑制剂Y27632、1~5μmol/L Wnt信号通路激动剂CHIR99021。
2.根据权利要求1所述的不同来源肝前体样细胞的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(A)分离获得来自小鼠肝脏的原代非实质细胞后,将细胞以2×104/cm2的密度种到经胶原包被过的培养皿中,用肝细胞转化增殖培养基(TEM)培养;
(B)细胞在1周后可基本长满,然后将细胞用少许Accutase 消化酶消化,将细胞置于37°C孵箱中孵育3~5分钟后,轻轻拍打培养皿可见细胞在消化液中如泥沙样漂浮,往培养皿中加入体积为消化液1倍的含有血清的完全培养基去终止消化,将培养皿中的培养基用吸引器吸走后,之后用移液管轻轻吹打细胞后吸入玻璃离心管内,900转速、3分钟离心,吸走上清,以1:2的比例传代;当细胞进入倍增时间为15-20小时的指数扩增时,获得可以以稳定的增长速度进行增殖传代的肝前体样细胞。
3.采用如权利要求1或2所述的制备方法制备得到的肝前体样细胞。
4.一种肝前体样细胞的三维培养及类器官培养方法,其特征在于,所述的肝前体样细胞为采用如权利要求1或2所述的制备方法制备得到的肝前体样细胞,包括以下步骤:
三维培养:2mL肝细胞转化增殖培养基(TEM)重悬约1×106肝前体样细胞,种植于低粘附6 孔板中1 孔,同时置于细胞培养CO2孵箱内摇床上培养;6 小时后细胞逐渐凝聚成球状,2-3天加入0.5mL肝细胞转化增殖培养基(TEM)继续培养5-7 天;
类器官三维培养:肝前体样细胞以2×104/mL浓度重悬于50%浓度的matrigel中,移入24孔板的一个角落里,常温下放置2小时使matrigel凝固,再加入500uL肝细胞转化增殖培养基(TEM)继续培养5-7 天。
5.肝细胞转化增殖培养基(TEM)在制备肝前体样细胞中的应用,所述的肝前体样细胞的来源为肝非实质细胞;所述的肝细胞转化增殖培养基是在DMEM/F12 培养基基础上,添加有N2添加剂、B27添加剂、0.5~1.5mmol/L丙酮酸钠、5~50μg/mL抗坏血酸维生素C、5~25 ng/mL肝细胞生长因子HGF、5~25ng/mL表皮细胞生长因子EGF、5~20μmol/L ROCK激酶抑制剂Y27632、1~5μmol/L Wnt信号通路激动剂CHIR99021;且所述应用为非疾病诊断和治疗目的中的应用。
6.肝细胞转化增殖培养基(TEM)在制备功能肝细胞中的应用,所述的功能肝细胞的来源为肝非实质细胞;所述的肝细胞转化增殖培养基是在DMEM/F12 培养基基础上,添加有N2添加剂、B27添加剂、0.5~1.5mmol/L丙酮酸钠、5~50μg/mL抗坏血酸维生素C、5~25 ng/mL肝细胞生长因子HGF、5~25ng/mL表皮细胞生长因子EGF、5~20μmol/L ROCK激酶抑制剂Y27632、1~5μmol/L Wnt信号通路激动剂CHIR99021;且所述应用为非疾病诊断和治疗目的中的应用。
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