CN110899644A - 一种超薄热轧带钢的生产方法 - Google Patents

一种超薄热轧带钢的生产方法 Download PDF

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CN110899644A
CN110899644A CN201811075997.1A CN201811075997A CN110899644A CN 110899644 A CN110899644 A CN 110899644A CN 201811075997 A CN201811075997 A CN 201811075997A CN 110899644 A CN110899644 A CN 110899644A
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steel
strip
hot
rolled strip
cooling
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方园
吴建春
张健
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Baoshan Iron and Steel Co Ltd
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Baoshan Iron and Steel Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201811075997.1A priority Critical patent/CN110899644A/zh
Priority to EP19859829.4A priority patent/EP3851216B1/en
Priority to US17/273,016 priority patent/US20210317543A1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2019/105572 priority patent/WO2020052625A1/zh
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    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
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    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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    • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
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    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
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    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
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    • B21B1/463—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting in a continuous process, i.e. the cast not being cut before rolling
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    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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    • B21B37/76—Cooling control on the run-out table
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种超薄热轧带钢的生产方法，该方法包括以下工艺步骤：A、熔炼工序：将废钢送至感应电炉中进行熔炼，使废钢熔化为钢水；B、精炼工序：利用钢包精炼炉和钢包真空脱气炉对钢水进行精炼；C、连铸工序：对精炼后的钢水通过双辊薄带连铸系统铸出厚度为1.6～2.5mm的铸带坯；D、热轧工序：将所述连铸工序中铸出的所述铸带坯直接送入单机架热轧机进行轧制，制成热轧带钢，所述热轧带钢的厚度为0.8～1.5mm；E、冷却卷取工序：对热轧带钢进行雾化冷却处理，使带钢温度控制在400～750℃后进行卷取。本发明实现了一种极其紧凑、环保、经济的超薄热轧带钢生产工艺流程，实现了对金属板带的环保、经济的连续生产。

Description

一种超薄热轧带钢的生产方法
技术领域
本发明涉及热轧带钢生产技术领域，特别涉及一种超薄热轧带钢的生产方法。
背景技术
近年来，热轧带钢逐渐向超薄规格的方向发展。薄规格热轧带钢不仅在作为冷轧原料时可以减少冷轧轧制道次，降低生产成本，而且可以为热轧带钢开拓新的用途和新的市场，部分产品可取代冷轧带钢，给生产厂家和用户带来巨大的经济效益。
现代钢铁生产企业为节省投资成本与生产成本，积极对现有生产工艺流程进行技术革新。针对现有热带钢生产工艺流程长度长、设备多且复杂的问题，许多生产厂家将连铸连轧技术与传统工艺紧密结合，以满足连铸连轧工艺的需求。工艺过程主要是通过电炉或转炉给薄带连铸供应钢水。
采用转炉炼钢提供钢水，则需要生产厂家具备有提供铁水的条件，一般情况下，需要有高炉炼铁或者非高炉炼铁设备，属于目前长流程钢铁生产模式。
采用电炉炼钢提供钢水，则以废钢为主要原料，传统工艺比如模铸或者厚板连铸，其凝固冷却速度仅有10-1～10℃/s，废钢中的这些残余元素，会在凝固过程中发生晶界偏析，恶化钢的性能和质量，严重时直接发生开裂、断裂现象，所以在传统工艺中，要对这些有害元素严加控制，在废钢原料的选择上，需要进行一些预筛选，以及在炼钢过程中需要进行一些特殊处理，比如添加一些精料进行稀释等等，这无疑增加了生产作业成本。由于需要控制钢的成分，对采用的废钢原料有一定的质量要求，一般情况下，需要对废钢进行预筛选分类。有些国内电炉钢厂为了提高生产效率，会在原料组成里选择添加精料如外购海绵铁、碳化铁等来稀释废钢中难以脱除的有害元素，提高钢水的质量。有些国内同时拥有高炉和电炉的钢厂利用自产铁水兑入到电炉中作为电炉原料来提高电炉的生产效率，从而大大缩短电炉的出钢时间，电炉中的铁水勾兑比可达到30～50％。
发明内容
为解决上述问题，本发明提供一种超薄热轧带钢的生产方法，实现全废钢冶炼的紧凑型短流程工艺。
为实现上述目的，本发明的超薄热轧带钢的生产方法，包括以下工艺步骤：A、熔炼工序：将废钢送至感应电炉中进行熔炼，使废钢熔化为钢水；B、精炼工序：利用钢包精炼炉和钢包真空脱气炉对钢水进行精炼；C、连铸工序：对精炼后的钢水通过双辊薄带连铸系统铸出厚度为1.6～2.5mm的铸带坯；D、热轧工序：将所述连铸工序中铸出的所述铸带坯直接送入单机架热轧机进行轧制，制成热轧带钢，所述热轧带钢的厚度为0.8～1.5mm；E、冷却卷取工序：对热轧带钢进行雾化冷却处理，使带钢温度控制在400～750℃后进行卷取。
优选地，所述熔炼工序中，所述废钢通过具有预热功能的加料车送至感应电炉，预热温度为200～500℃。
优选地，所述双辊薄带连铸系统的浇铸速度为60～150m/min。
优选地，所述热轧工序中，所述单机架热轧机的总轧制压下率不低于15％。
优选地，所述连铸工序铸出的铸带坯在送入所述单机架热轧机的过程中，所述铸带坯的外面设置有保护罩，所述保护罩内通入惰性气体。
优选地，所述冷却卷取工序中的所述对热轧带钢进行雾化冷却处理，使热轧带钢的温度以10～80℃/秒的冷却速度下降。
进一步地，所述对热轧带钢进行雾化冷却处理采用三段冷却，三段冷却的冷却能力依次为50～80℃/秒、20～50℃/秒和10～20℃/秒。
本发明的超薄热轧带钢的生产方法，采用感应电炉技术，实现100％废钢冶炼；采用双辊薄带连铸技术，实现采用劣质废钢资源生产综合性能优良的超薄热轧带钢；采用直接对液态金属浇注成薄规格(2.5mm厚度以下)带坯并通过单道次热轧的板料，取代传统的厚板坯(厚度在150mm以上)通过粗轧与热轧之后的热轧板，实现非常紧凑的短流程工艺，以满足优异的低碳排放要求与较短的厂房建设要求。本发明的超薄热轧带钢的生产方法，充分利用薄带连铸技术与感应电炉技术，生产超薄热轧带钢的从冶炼、连铸到轧制生产过程综合一体的紧凑型短流程工艺，从而实现了一种极其紧凑、环保、经济的超薄热轧带钢生产工艺流程，实现了对金属板带的环保、经济的连续生产。
附图说明
图1为本发明的超薄热轧带钢的生产方法的工艺设备示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使得本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明的附图详细地说明本发明的具体实施方式。为了保持本发明的以下说明清楚且简明，具体实施方式中省略了已知技术的详细说明。
如图1所示，本发明的超薄热轧带钢的生产方法，包括以下工艺步骤：熔炼工序、精炼工序、连铸工序、热轧工序和冷却卷取工序。下面对各工艺步骤进行具体描述：
A、熔炼工序：将废钢送至感应电炉1中进行熔炼，使废钢熔化为钢水；
将不需要经过分选的废钢(统废级)由吊篮装入加料车，加料车带有预热功能，可以利用精炼工序中的废气或天然气对废钢进行预热，废钢预热温度200～500℃，废钢边预热边输送到感应电炉1位置，加入感应电炉1进行熔化。感应电炉1的熔化能力35～45吨/小时，可以配置三台感应电炉，小时产量为105～135吨钢水。
B、精炼工序：利用钢包精炼炉2和钢包真空脱气炉3对钢水进行精炼；
三台感应电炉1熔化的钢水依次被注入100～130吨钢包，通过台车钢包被运至精炼工序的工位进行处理，钢水首先在钢包精炼炉(LF)2进行成分调整和升温，其次在钢包真空脱气炉(VD)3进行脱碳、脱氢。
C、连铸工序：对精炼后的钢水通过双辊薄带连铸系统4铸出厚度为1.6～2.5mm的铸带坯；
该双辊薄带连铸系统4包括大包回转台5，用于承载大包51及钢水的回转输送，可确保生产连续进行；中间包6，用于钢水的输送及熔池钢水分配；两个带有内水冷结构的铜合金结晶辊7，用于钢水的亚快速凝固。
经过所述精炼工序处理好的钢水用行车调运至双辊薄带连铸系统4的大包回转台5上。根据不同的钢种，其开浇温度控制在液相线以上30～80℃，大包51开浇后，钢水进入中间包6，通过中间包6把钢水送入两个结晶辊7所形成的浇铸熔池中。钢水在双辊薄带连铸系统4的一对结晶辊7上完成凝固，顺利的铸造出厚度规格1.6～2.5mm的铸带坯。此时铸带坯的温度水平很高，基本在1200℃以上，为降低带坯的受高温氧化等因素的影响，通常在铸带坯的外面增设保护罩(图中未示出)，且在保护罩内通一定量的惰性气体(如N2或Ar)，形成保护罩内具有微正压以满足气体保护效果。也就是所述连铸工序铸出的铸带坯在送入所述单机架热轧机9的过程中，所述铸带坯的外面设置有保护罩，通过惰性气体来保护所述铸带坯。
所述双辊薄带连铸系统4的浇铸速度为60～150m/min。其浇铸的铸带坯的厚度1.6～2.5mm，铸带坯的宽度1.0～1.6m。
薄带连铸是典型的亚快速凝固过程，凝固冷却速度高达102～104℃/s，废钢中的一些有害残余元素，比如Cu、Sn、P等，可以最大限度地固溶到钢的基体中而不产生晶界偏析，从而起到固溶强化的作用；对这些有害的残余元素起到“化害为利”，“废物利用”的效果。
D、热轧工序：将所述连铸工序中铸出的所述铸带坯直接送入单机架热轧机9进行轧制，制成热轧带钢，所述热轧带钢的厚度为0.8～1.5mm；
受气氛保护的铸带坯通过无引带头的导向装置顺利进入单机架热轧机9，所述单机架热轧机9采用单机架四辊热轧机，带有控制板型的弯辊、串辊功能，或弯辊、交叉辊功能，带有带钢压下功能，带有带钢导向、纠偏功能。所述单机架热轧机9的前方设置有带有夹送、导向功能的双机架夹送辊8。
所述单机架热轧机9的总轧制压下率不低于15％，用于改善带坯板型、厚度，同时改善内部的组织结构和机械性能。
E、冷却卷取工序：对热轧带钢进行雾化冷却处理，使带钢温度控制在400～750℃后进行卷取。
雾化冷却处理采用气水雾化冷却装置10，经轧制后的带钢经过雾化冷却使带钢的温度以10～80℃/秒的冷却速度下降到400～750℃，且保证板面的宽度方向、长度方向的卷取温度均匀。优选地，所述对热轧带钢进行雾化冷却处理采用三段冷却，三段冷却的冷却能力依次为50～80℃/秒、20～50℃/秒和10～20℃/秒。这里的冷却能力是指冷却使带钢的温度的下降速度。
冷却处理后的带钢通过卷取机12进行卷取，卷取机12可采用卡罗塞尔卷取机，卷取机12的前方设置飞剪11进行切头(第一卷)或分切，所述飞剪11可采用转鼓式飞剪，带有碎断、切头、切尾、分切功能。所述卷取机12包括两个卷筒，实现连续卷取，每一个钢卷的卷取温度差可以控制在10℃以内，每一个钢卷的重量10～30吨左右。
通过卷取机12成卷后的钢卷经过喷码、打捆后由输送机构送入中间钢卷库进行空冷或缓冷。至此，超薄热轧带钢已经完成了从液态金属铸轧出合格热轧带钢的全过程。
超薄热轧带钢可直接用于进一步的冷态轧制生产、表面涂镀、热处理工艺等，其生产的材质可包括碳钢、硅钢、不锈钢等，同时也适用于有色金属，如铜板、铝板、镁板等。
本发明是利用感应电炉熔化废钢，利用钢包精炼炉(LF)和钢包真空脱气炉(VD)对熔化的钢水进行精炼，精炼后的钢水通过过跨台车运送到双辊薄带连铸连轧车间，钢水通过双辊薄带连铸系统直接铸造出厚度1.6～2.5mm的铸带坯，然后经过单机架热轧机轧制，然后再通过后续合理的雾化冷却处理，卷取成重量10～30吨、带钢厚度0.8～1.5mm的热轧钢卷，实现其最终成品具备现有冷轧板带所需的几何形状与内部材质性能，从而达到一种极其紧凑、环保、经济的新型超薄热轧带钢生产工艺流程。
如上所述，参照附图对本发明的示例性具体实施方式进行了详细的说明。应当了解，本发明并非意在使这些具体细节来构成对本发明保护范围的限制。在不背离根据本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可对示例性具体实施方式的结构和特征进行等同或类似的改变，这些改变将也落在本发明所附的权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。

Claims (7)

1.一种超薄热轧带钢的生产方法，其特征在于，包括以下工艺步骤：
A、电炉熔炼工序：将废钢送至感应电炉中进行熔炼，使废钢熔化为钢水；
B、精炼工序：利用钢包精炼炉和钢包真空脱气炉对钢水进行精炼；
C、连铸工序：对精炼后的钢水通过双辊薄带连铸系统铸出厚度为1.6～2.5mm的铸带坯；
D、热轧工序：将所述连铸工序中铸出的所述铸带坯直接送入单机架热轧机进行轧制，制成热轧带钢，所述热轧带钢的厚度为0.8～1.5mm；
E、冷却卷取工序：对热轧带钢进行雾化冷却处理，使带钢温度控制在400～750℃后进行卷取。
2.如权利要求1所述的超薄热轧带钢的生产方法，其特征在于，所述熔炼工序中，所述废钢通过具有预热功能的加料车送至感应电炉，预热温度为200～500℃。
3.如权利要求1所述的超薄热轧带钢的生产方法，其特征在于，所述双辊薄带连铸系统的浇铸速度为60～150m/min。
4.如权利要求1所述的超薄热轧带钢的生产方法，其特征在于，所述热轧工序中，所述单机架热轧机的总轧制压下率不低于15％。
5.如权利要求1所述的超薄热轧带钢的生产方法，其特征在于，所述连铸工序铸出的铸带坯在送入所述单机架热轧机的过程中，所述铸带坯的外面设置有保护罩，所述保护罩内通入惰性气体。
6.如权利要求1所述的超薄热轧带钢的生产方法，其特征在于，所述冷却卷取工序中的所述对热轧带钢进行雾化冷却处理，使热轧带钢的温度以10～80℃/秒的冷却速度下降。
7.如权利要求6所述的超薄热轧带钢的生产方法，其特征在于，所述对热轧带钢进行雾化冷却处理采用三段冷却，三段冷却的冷却能力依次为50～80℃/秒、20～50℃/秒和10～20℃/秒。
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