CN110892951B - Method for preparing piglet anti-diarrhea feed by using anaerobic enzymolysis composite traditional Chinese medicine residues - Google Patents
Method for preparing piglet anti-diarrhea feed by using anaerobic enzymolysis composite traditional Chinese medicine residues Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing piglet anti-diarrhea feed by anaerobic enzymolysis of composite traditional Chinese medicine residues, which comprises the steps of taking dried ginger residues, dried orange peel residues and rhizoma atractylodis residues as medicine raw materials, mixing the medicine raw materials with piglet feed raw materials, adding brown sugar, cellulase and hemicellulase, adding water to adjust the water content of the medicine raw materials to be 30-50%, inoculating saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria, mixing the mixture uniformly, and carrying out enzymolysis fermentation in a closed environment to obtain the piglet anti-diarrhea feed. According to the method, yeast and lactic acid bacteria are utilized to ferment the piglet feed raw materials to generate an anaerobic acidic environment, so that the medicinal raw materials consisting of rhizoma zingiberis dregs, pericarpium citri reticulatae dregs and rhizoma atractylodis dregs are promoted to be subjected to enzymolysis by cellulase and hemicellulase, and thus effective ingredients in the medicinal raw materials are released; the operation is simple, the investment of required equipment is low, and the practical popularization is easy; the prepared feed is safe, does not contain harmful substances such as antibiotics and hormones, can effectively treat the diarrhea of the piglets, has obvious economic and ecological benefits and good popularization value, and has great theoretical and practical significance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of feed products, in particular to a method for preparing piglet anti-diarrhea feed by anaerobic enzymolysis of composite traditional Chinese medicine residues.
Background
With the rapid development of social economy and the continuous improvement of the living standard of people, the food structure of residents is remarkably changed, the consumption of livestock products such as meat, milk, eggs and the like is continuously increased, and the livestock breeding is rapidly developed. The matched feed is also developed rapidly, and in addition, because the pork is the meat source with the largest edible amount in China and the piglet cultivation is an important part of the pig cultivation, the research and development of the piglet feed are more and more paid attention, and the development speed is rapid.
Chinese herbal medicines are important components of traditional medicine in China, and development of novel preparations and standardized production of Chinese patent medicines enable the Chinese herbal medicines to gradually move to the world; meanwhile, with the deepening of people's understanding of toxic and side effects of chemical drugs and the gradual formation of modern health concepts in recent years, Chinese medicine products with long history and unique curative effect are concerned with the characteristics of strong comprehensiveness, low toxicity and low residue, and the demand of the domestic and foreign medicine markets for Chinese medicines is increasing continuously. However, the Chinese medicine industry in China generates 3000 million tons of medicine residues every year, and according to the knowledge that most enterprises select a landfill or incineration method for treatment, the original and simple treatment mode not only brings great waste to the enterprises, but also particularly brings great hidden dangers to the environment and public health.
In the existing research and development of piglet feed, the research on recycling traditional Chinese medicine dregs to prepare piglet feed with specific functions is not many and has defects. Some feed production enterprises add the crushed dregs as additives into the feed, and some feed production enterprises use microorganisms to ferment the dregs, but the effect is poor.
So far, no report related to a method for preparing piglet anti-diarrhea feed by anaerobic enzymolysis of composite traditional Chinese medicine residues is seen.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention mainly aims to provide a method for preparing piglet anti-diarrhea feed by using anaerobic enzymolysis composite traditional Chinese medicine residues.
The invention also aims to provide the piglet anti-diarrhea feed prepared by the method.
The invention also aims to provide application of the piglet anti-diarrhea feed in the field of animal husbandry.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing piglet anti-diarrhea feed by anaerobic enzymolysis of composite traditional Chinese medicine residue comprises mixing rhizoma Zingiberis residue, pericarpium Citri Tangerinae residue and rhizoma Atractylodis residue with piglet feed, adding brown sugar, cellulase and hemicellulase, adding water to adjust water content to 30-50%, inoculating yeast and lactobacillus, mixing, and performing enzymolysis fermentation under sealed environment.
Specifically, the piglet feed raw materials are fermented by the saccharomycetes and the lactic acid bacteria to generate an anaerobic slightly acidic environment, so that the medicinal raw materials consisting of dried ginger decoction dregs, dried orange peel decoction dregs and rhizoma atractylodis decoction dregs are promoted to be subjected to enzymolysis by the cellulase and the hemicellulase, and the effective ingredients in the medicinal raw materials are released.
In the technical scheme, the mass ratio of the medicine raw materials to the piglet feed raw materials is 1: 3-5.
Preferably, in the above technical scheme, the mass ratio of the drug raw material to the piglet feed raw material is 1: 4.
further, in the above technical scheme, in the above medicinal raw materials, the mass ratio of the dried ginger decoction dregs, the dried orange peel decoction dregs and the rhizoma atractylodis decoction dregs is (0.8-1.15): (1.88-2.15): (0.86-1.21).
Preferably, in the above technical scheme, in the medicinal raw materials, the mass ratio of the dried ginger decoction dregs, the dried orange peel decoction dregs and the rhizoma atractylodis decoction dregs is (0.95-1.05): (1.92-2.10): (0.93-1.12).
Specifically, in the technical scheme, the adding amount of the brown sugar is 6.5-8.8 wt% of the medicinal raw materials.
Still further, in the above technical solution, the adding amount of the cellulase is 200-1000u/kg, preferably 400-600u/kg, based on the sum of the adding amounts of the drug raw material and the feed raw material.
Still further, in the above technical solution, the adding amount of the hemicellulase is 2000-10000u/kg, preferably 4000-6000u/kg, based on the sum of the adding amounts of the drug raw material and the feed raw material.
In detail, in the above technical solution, the activity of the cellulase is CMCase activity unit, and the activity of the hemicellulase is oat xylanase activity unit.
Still further, in the above technical solution, the hemicellulase is xylanase.
Further, in the above technical solution, the ratio of the inoculation amounts of the yeast and the lactic acid bacteria is 1: (50-500).
Preferably, in the above technical scheme, the inoculation mode of the yeast and the lactic acid bacteria is to add the yeast and the lactic acid bacteriaThe piglet feed comprises solid compound secondary strain containing saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria, wherein the inoculation amount of the solid compound secondary strain is 0.2-5.0 wt% of the piglet feed raw material, and the content of the saccharomycetes and the content of the lactic acid bacteria in the solid compound secondary strain are respectively more than or equal to 1 x 106cfu/g and 1X 108cfu/g。
Still further, in the above technical solution, the lactic acid bacteria is a mixture of enterococcus faecium and streptococcus thermophilus.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the lactic acid bacteria are (0.5-2.0): (0.5-2.0) a mixture of enterococcus faecium and Streptococcus thermophilus.
Specifically, in the technical scheme, the piglet feed raw material is a mixture of wheat bran and soybean meal.
Preferably, in the technical scheme, the piglet feed comprises the following raw materials in a mass ratio of 6-8: 1 of wheat bran and soybean meal.
Specifically, in the technical scheme, the temperature and the time of the enzymolysis fermentation are respectively 15-38 ℃ and 200-450 h.
The invention provides a piglet anti-diarrhea feed prepared by the method for preparing the piglet anti-diarrhea feed by using the anaerobic enzymolysis composite traditional Chinese medicine residues.
The invention also provides application of the piglet anti-diarrhea feed in the field of animal husbandry.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) according to the method for preparing the piglet anti-diarrhea feed by using the anaerobic enzymolysis composite traditional Chinese medicine residues, the piglet feed raw materials are fermented by using saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria to generate an anaerobic slightly acidic environment, so that the medicine raw materials consisting of rhizoma zingiberis decoction residues, pericarpium citri reticulatae decoction residues and rhizoma atractylodis decoction residues are promoted to be subjected to enzymolysis by using cellulase and hemicellulase, and thus effective components in the medicine raw materials are released;
(2) the method for preparing the piglet anti-diarrhea feed by using the anaerobic enzymolysis composite traditional Chinese medicine residues is simple and convenient to operate, requires less equipment investment, and is easy to popularize practically;
(3) the feed prepared by the method for preparing the piglet anti-diarrhea feed by using the anaerobic enzymolysis composite traditional Chinese medicine residues is safe, does not contain harmful substances such as antibiotics and hormones, can effectively treat piglet diarrhea, has obvious economic and ecological benefits, is good in popularization value, and has great theoretical and practical significance.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to specific examples.
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Unless otherwise defined, the technical means used in the embodiments of the present invention are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.
All starting materials are commercially available if not otherwise specified.
1. Source and treatment of raw materials of the medicine:
respectively taking waste dried ginger residue, dried tangerine peel residue and rhizoma atractylodis residue from a traditional Chinese medicine preparation factory, and sequentially performing air flow drying, crushing and 40-mesh sieve to obtain dried ginger residue, dried tangerine peel residue and rhizoma atractylodis residue for later use.
2. Preparing a solid microbial inoculum:
2.1, raw materials:
brewing yeast powder (Angel yeast powder, viable count is not less than 100 hundred million cfu/g);
enterococcus faecium powder (Taiwan Suzhou biological technology limited company, viable count is not less than 1000 hundred million cfu/g);
streptococcus thermophilus (Taiwan Suzhou Biotech Co., Ltd., viable count is not less than 1000 hundred million cfu/g);
brown sugar (food grade);
milk (no antibiotic contamination).
2.2 appliances
A heating furnace (e.g., an electric rice cooker);
a stainless steel pan (about 5 liters);
a thermometer;
weigh the balance (precision to 0.01 gram);
a stirring rod (e.g., clean bamboo chopsticks);
a stainless steel cup;
glass triangular bottles (500 ml gauge);
medical gauze;
a thermostat;
small package fermentation bag (5kg package);
a heat seal sealing machine;
bean pulp (crushed through 40 mesh);
testa Tritici (processed at 80 deg.C for about 30 min, cooled to room temperature and reused).
2.3 Primary culture of enterococcus faecium
Preparing 1kg of milk without antibiotic pollution, pouring the milk into a stainless steel pot, adding 1kg of clear water (without any drug pollution), diluting, adding 70g of brown sugar, gradually heating and stirring, heating to about 90 ℃ after the brown sugar is dissolved, and keeping for about 20 minutes (the temperature is increased to over 95 ℃, and the milk is easy to overflow); then, the heating was stopped, the mixture was cooled to 40 ℃ or lower, 5g of enterococcus faecium powder was added, and the mixture was allowed to stand for 3 minutes and then stirred for 3 seconds.
The inoculated culture solution is subpackaged into triangular glass bottles with the volume of 500 ml, and each triangular glass bottle contains about 250 ml.
Note that: the flask was previously washed with hot water and dried.
The mouth of the bottle is sealed by 16 layers of medical gauze (the medical gauze is folded into 16 layers of square blocks), the square blocks are placed in a thermostat, and the square blocks are placed in the thermostat and can be used for next step of expanded culture after being statically cultured for 16 hours at 35 ℃.
2.4 Primary culture of Streptococcus thermophilus
The culture process is completely referred to the first-stage culture of enterococcus faecium.
5g of enterococcus faecium powder was replaced by 5g of Streptococcus thermophilus powder.
2.5 preparation of Yeast liquid
Preparing 2kg of clear water, adding 200g of brown sugar, gradually heating and stirring; stopping heating after the brown sugar is completely dissolved; cooling to about 30 deg.C, and adding 100g active dried yeast powder; stirring for about 3 minutes, and standing for about 20 minutes to be used for the next inoculation culture.
2.6 preparation of raw Material for second-class Strain
100kg of soybean meal (crushed through 40 meshes);
400kg of testa Tritici (without pulverizing, and sterilized at 80 deg.C to eliminate activity of mold spore);
250kg of brown sugar liquid (containing 10kg of brown sugar);
150 small fermentation bags (5kg packed);
75 plastic woven bags (each containing 2 small fermentation bags).
2.7 preparation of second-class strains
100kg of soybean meal, 400kg of wheat bran and 250kg of brown sugar solution are gradually added into a mixer.
After stirring and mixing for 3 minutes, 500 ml of enterococcus faecium primary culture solution, 500 ml of streptococcus thermophilus primary culture solution and 2kg of yeast activating solution are added.
Uniformly mixing for 1 minute, subpackaging in small breathing bags packaged by 5kg, sealing by heat seal, packaging in a plastic woven bag by every 2 small fermentation bags, sealing the woven bags by needles and threads, and culturing at 25-30 ℃ for 2 days to be used for the inoculation of the fermented feed in the later period in mass production.
The effective storage period of the secondary strain is as follows: one month in summer, two months in spring and three months in winter.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a piglet anti-diarrhea feed prepared by anaerobic enzymolysis of composite traditional Chinese medicine residues.
1. Raw materials
140Kg of wheat bran;
20Kg of soybean meal;
8Kg of dried ginger decoction dregs;
24Kg of dried orange peel dregs;
8Kg of rhizoma atractylodis dregs;
3Kg of brown sugar;
97Kg of water;
100g of cellulase (CMCase activity 1000 u/g);
100g xylanase (oat xylanase activity is 10000 u/g);
5Kg of solid microbial inoculum.
2. Preparation method
S1, weighing wheat bran, bean pulp, dried ginger decoction dregs, dried orange peel decoction dregs and rhizoma atractylodis decoction dregs, and uniformly mixing;
s2, adding brown sugar, cellulase and xylanase into water, and uniformly stirring to prepare brown sugar liquid;
s3, adding the brown sugar solution obtained in the step S2 into the mixture obtained in the step S1, adding a solid microbial inoculum, uniformly mixing, subpackaging into anaerobic fermentation bags with each bag being 20Kg, wherein each fermentation bag is provided with a one-way exhaust valve to ensure that only air can be discharged and air cannot be introduced, and fermenting at the temperature of 16-30 ℃ for 15 days.
Example 2
The embodiment of the invention provides a piglet anti-diarrhea feed prepared by anaerobic enzymolysis of composite traditional Chinese medicine residues.
1. Raw materials
140Kg of wheat bran;
20Kg of soybean meal;
8Kg of dried ginger decoction dregs;
20Kg of dried orange peel dregs;
12Kg of rhizoma atractylodis dregs;
3Kg of brown sugar;
97Kg of water;
80g of cellulase (CMCase activity 1000 u/g);
120g of xylanase (oat xylanase activity is 10000 u/g);
4.5Kg of solid microbial inoculum.
2. Preparation method
S1, weighing wheat bran, bean pulp, dried ginger decoction dregs, dried orange peel decoction dregs and rhizoma atractylodis decoction dregs, and uniformly mixing;
s2, adding brown sugar, cellulase and xylanase into water, and uniformly stirring to prepare brown sugar liquid;
s3, adding the brown sugar solution obtained in the step S2 into the mixture obtained in the step S1, adding a solid microbial inoculum, uniformly mixing, subpackaging 100kg of the mixture into anaerobic fermentation barrels, sealing the fermentation barrels by rubber gaskets, sealing the top of the fermentation barrels by an exhaust pipe, sealing an outlet by water, ensuring that gas can only be discharged from the barrels but external air cannot enter, and fermenting for 15 days at the temperature of 18-32 ℃.
Example 3
The embodiment of the invention provides a piglet anti-diarrhea feed prepared by anaerobic enzymolysis of composite traditional Chinese medicine residues.
1. Raw materials
140Kg of wheat bran;
20Kg of soybean meal;
8Kg of dried ginger decoction dregs;
24Kg of dried orange peel dregs;
8Kg of rhizoma atractylodis dregs;
3Kg of brown sugar;
97Kg of water;
120g of cellulase (CMCase activity 1000 u/g);
80g of xylanase (oat xylanase activity is 10000 u/g);
2.5Kg of solid microbial inoculum.
2. Preparation method
S1, weighing wheat bran, bean pulp, dried ginger decoction dregs, dried orange peel decoction dregs and rhizoma atractylodis decoction dregs, and uniformly mixing;
s2, adding brown sugar, cellulase and xylanase into water, and uniformly stirring to prepare brown sugar liquid;
s3, adding the brown sugar solution obtained in the step S2 into the mixture obtained in the step S1, adding a solid microbial inoculum, uniformly mixing, subpackaging 100kg of the mixture into anaerobic fermentation barrels, sealing the fermentation barrels by rubber gaskets, sealing the top of the fermentation barrels by an exhaust pipe, sealing an outlet by water, ensuring that gas can only be discharged from the barrels but external air cannot enter, and fermenting for 15 days at the temperature of 20-34 ℃.
Test examples
1. Effect of enzymolysis fermentation
Analyzing and comparing the influence of enzymolysis and fermentation on the release of effective components in the decoction dregs, wherein the effective components of the dried orange peel are glycosides, and the content of the flavonoid is determined by liquid chromatography analysis by taking the flavonoid as a target substance; the effective components of rhizoma Zingiberis and rhizoma Atractylodis are volatile oils, and are analyzed and determined by distillation method.
The measurement results are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 comparison table of the release rate results of the effective components of the herb residue in each example of the present invention
From the above results, it can be seen that the results of the release rates of the effective components of the herb residue in examples 1-3 are slightly different, and the difference is mainly caused by the environmental temperature difference of the enzymolysis and fermentation.
2. Piglet feeding test
The influence of the piglet anti-diarrhea feed prepared by the anaerobic enzymolysis composite traditional Chinese medicine residue in the embodiments 1-3 of the invention on piglet diarrhea is analyzed and compared.
The specific method comprises the following steps:
group 1: selecting 36 weaned piglets of 28 days old, evenly distributing according to weight and sex, dividing into two groups, adding 5.0 wt% of the anaerobic enzymolysis composite traditional Chinese medicine residue of the example 1 into the conventional feed for the experimental group to prepare the anti-diarrhea feed for the piglets, and using the conventional feed for the control group; the piglets are raised for 30 days and analyzed and compared for diarrhea.
Group 2: selecting 36 weaned piglets of 28 days old, evenly distributing according to weight and sex, dividing into two groups, adding 5.0 wt% of the anaerobic enzymolysis composite traditional Chinese medicine residue of the embodiment 2 into the conventional feed for the experimental group to prepare the anti-diarrhea feed for the piglets, and using the conventional feed for the control group; the piglets are raised for 30 days and analyzed and compared for diarrhea.
Group 3: selecting 36 weaned piglets of 28 days old, evenly distributing according to weight and sex, dividing into two groups, adding 5.0 wt% of the anaerobic enzymolysis composite traditional Chinese medicine residue of the embodiment 3 into the conventional feed for the experimental group to prepare the anti-diarrhea feed for the piglets, and using the conventional feed for the control group; the piglets are raised for 30 days and analyzed and compared for diarrhea.
The test results are shown in table 2 below.
TABLE 2 comparison of the effect on the treatment of diarrhea in piglets after 1 month of each group feeding
From the above results, it can be seen that the piglet anti-diarrhea feed of the embodiments 1-3 of the invention has a good effect of treating piglet diarrhea by anaerobically and enzymatically fermenting the dried orange peel, the dried ginger and the rhizoma atractylodis composite medicine residue.
Finally, the method of the present invention is only a preferred embodiment and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for preparing piglet anti-diarrhea feed by anaerobic enzymolysis of composite traditional Chinese medicine residues is characterized by comprising the steps of taking dried ginger residues, dried orange peel residues and rhizoma atractylodis residues as medicine raw materials, mixing the medicine raw materials with piglet feed raw materials, adding brown sugar, cellulase and hemicellulase, adding water to adjust the water content of the medicine raw materials to be 30-50%, inoculating saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria, mixing uniformly, and carrying out enzymolysis fermentation in a closed environment to obtain the piglet anti-diarrhea feed;
the mass ratio of the medicine raw materials to the piglet feed raw materials is 1: 3-5;
in the raw materials, the mass ratio of dried ginger dregs, dried orange peel dregs and rhizoma atractylodis dregs is (0.95-1.05): (1.92-2.10): (0.93-1.12);
based on the sum of the input amount of the medicine raw materials and the feed raw materials,
the addition amount of the cellulase is 400-6000 u/kg, and the addition amount of the hemicellulase is 4000-6000 u/kg;
the hemicellulase is xylanase;
the temperature and the time of the enzymolysis fermentation are respectively 15-38 ℃ and 200-450 h;
the ratio of the inoculation amount of the yeast to the inoculation amount of the lactic acid bacteria is 1: (50-500);
the inoculation mode of the microzyme and the lactic acid bacteria is to add a solid-state compound secondary strain containing the microzyme and the lactic acid bacteria simultaneously, the inoculation amount of the solid-state compound secondary strain is 0.2 to 5.0 weight percent of the piglet feed raw material, and the content of the microzyme and the lactic acid bacteria in the solid-state compound secondary strain is respectively more than or equal to 1 multiplied by 106cfu/g and 1X 108cfu/g；
The lactobacillus is (0.5-2.0): (0.5-2.0) a mixture of enterococcus faecium and Streptococcus thermophilus;
the piglet feed comprises the following raw materials in mass ratio of 6-8: 1, a mixture of wheat bran and soybean meal;
the adding amount of the brown sugar is 6.5-8.8 wt% of the raw materials of the medicine.
2. The method for preparing the piglet anti-diarrhea feed by using the anaerobic enzymolysis compound traditional Chinese medicine residues as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the medicine raw materials to the piglet feed raw materials is 1: 4.
3. the piglet anti-diarrhea feed prepared by the method for preparing the piglet anti-diarrhea feed by using the anaerobic enzymolysis compound traditional Chinese medicine residue as claimed in claim 1 or 2.
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| CN1102993A (en) * | 1993-12-21 | 1995-05-31 | 吴文才 | Method for making Chinese medicine herbs preparation by polyenzyme system |
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| CN104436142B (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2017-09-29 | 何子双 | A kind of Chinese medicine composition for treating pig epidemic diarrhea |
| CN104840934A (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2015-08-19 | 鲁东大学 | Traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating piglet diarrhea and preparation method of traditional Chinese medicine composition |
| CN109619284A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-04-16 | 西安乐民反刍动物研究所 | It is a kind of using medicinal piece of shiquan dabu as Chinese medicine residue fermented feed of prescription and preparation method thereof |
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