CN110872678A - 一种20CrMnTi制动蹄滚轮轴的加工方法 - Google Patents

一种20CrMnTi制动蹄滚轮轴的加工方法 Download PDF

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CN110872678A
CN110872678A CN201810991925.5A CN201810991925A CN110872678A CN 110872678 A CN110872678 A CN 110872678A CN 201810991925 A CN201810991925 A CN 201810991925A CN 110872678 A CN110872678 A CN 110872678A
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梁宏军
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    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
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    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种20CrMnTi制动蹄滚轮轴的加工方法，属于机件加工技术领域，依次包括以下步骤：下料、退火、抛丸处理、软化处理、挤压、粗车、精车、渗碳处理、预冷淬火、低温回火、二次抛丸、精磨；本发明通过二次升温和降温预冷淬火，两次回火，能有效细化晶粒，细化马氏体针，降低表层残余奥氏体含量，使高合金渗碳钢齿轮力学性能得到大幅改善，塑韧性指标明显提高。

Description

一种20CrMnTi制动蹄滚轮轴的加工方法
技术领域
本发明涉及机件加工技术领域，具体涉及一种20CrMnTi制动蹄滚轮轴的加工方法。
背景技术
车辆制动器是车辆的重要部件，是保证行车安全的关键。目前常用的车辆制动器包括鼓式制动器和盘式制动器。当前国内挂车、半挂车、货车广泛使用的鼓式制动器是由制动底板、制动蹄、摩擦衬片、制动蹄支承销、凸轮轴、回位弹簧、调整臂、拉簧、滚轮轴、滚轮等零部件组成。其中滚轮轴也称为制动蹄滚轮销，和滚轮一起使用，滚轮套接在滚轮轴上，当踩动刹车时，凸轮轴的凸轮曲面推动滚轮将制动蹄张开，制动蹄上的摩擦衬片与转动着的制动鼓内圆柱面接触，产生摩擦阻力距，实施制动，因此，对滚轮轴的机械性能要求很高，如果滚轮轴发生故障将直接导致制动失效。
在现有技术中，滚轮轴的结构复杂，一般使用45#圆钢经热锻造、机加工而成，锻造工艺复杂、生产效率较低，尤其是锻造后需要对零件的各个面进行加工，加工量大，导致该产品的生产成本很高。部分厂家试验采用挤压工艺进行加工，但是因工艺设计不合理、变形量过大等因素，产品表面有大量裂纹，无法得到合格产品。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的缺陷，提供一种20CrMnTi制动蹄滚轮轴的加工方法，通过二次升温和降温预冷淬火，两次回火，能有效细化晶粒，细化马氏体针，降低表层残余奥氏体含量，使高合金渗碳钢齿轮力学性能得到大幅改善，塑韧性指标明显提高。
一种20CrMnTi制动蹄滚轮轴的加工方法，依次包括以下步骤：下料、退火、抛丸处理、软化处理、挤压、粗车、精车、渗碳处理、预冷淬火、低温回火、二次抛丸、精磨；
所述预冷淬火包括以下步骤：
1)将渗碳后的制动蹄滚轮轴随炉升温至860±10℃，保温2～3h；
2)快速冷却至780±10℃，保温3～4h；
3)第二次将制动蹄滚轮轴快速升温至820±10℃，保温为2～3h。
进一步的，所述低温回火包括以下步骤：将预冷淬火后的制动蹄滚轮轴随炉升温至490℃±10℃，保温6h，出炉油冷。
进一步的，油冷后，制动蹄滚轮轴在160℃±10℃环境中再低温回火一次，保温3～4h，出炉空冷至室温。
进一步的，所述软化处理包括以下步骤：将抛丸处理后的坯料进行除油、软化中和调整、清洗。
进一步的，所述下料用原料为20CrMnTi圆钢。
进一步的，所述退火包括以下步骤：将坯料置入工业电炉进行退火处理，炉内温度加热至850±50℃保温5-7h后，随炉冷却。
和现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：提高了材料利用率，减少了工艺流程，节约了加工时间。同时大大的提高了零件整体的机械性能，通过二次升温和降温预冷淬火，两次回火，能有效细化晶粒，细化马氏体针，降低表层残余奥氏体含量，使高合金渗碳钢齿轮力学性能得到大幅改善，塑韧性指标明显提高，同时，高合金渗碳钢齿轮钢表面的耐磨性能也大幅提高，从而也提高了齿轮的疲劳强度和抗蚀性,提高齿轮的综合力学性能。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种20CrMnTi制动蹄滚轮轴的加工方法，依次包括以下步骤：下料、退火、抛丸处理、软化处理、挤压、粗车、精车、渗碳处理、预冷淬火、低温回火、二次抛丸、精磨；
1.下料：将20CrMnTi圆钢锯成坯料；
2.退火：将坯料置入工业电炉进行退火处理，炉内温度加热至850±50℃保温5-7h后，随炉冷却；
3.抛丸处理：将退火后的坯料采用抛丸清理机进行抛丸处理，在保证工件不被击伤的情况下去除氧化皮；
4.软化处理：将抛丸处理后的坯料进行除油、软化中和调整、清洗；
5.挤压：将模具置入冷挤压液压机，以一次成形的方式完成冷挤压的动作，得到制动蹄滚轮轴的半成品；
6.粗车：将冲孔后的制动蹄滚轮轴半成品进行粗车处理；
7.精车：将粗车后的制动蹄滚轮轴半成品进行精车处理；
8.渗碳处理：将精车后的制动蹄滚轮轴半成品使用渗碳炉进行渗碳处理；
9.预冷淬火:1)将渗碳后的制动蹄滚轮轴随炉升温至860±10℃，保温2～3h；2)快速冷却至780±10℃，保温3～4h；3)第二次将制动蹄滚轮轴快速升温至820±10℃，保温为2～3h；
10.低温回火：将预冷淬火后的制动蹄滚轮轴随炉升温至490℃±10℃，保温6h，出炉油冷，为防止回火脆性的产生，消除油冷产生的应力，可在160℃±10℃再低温回火一次，并且回火后不能在油中冷却至室温，否则易开裂；
11.二次抛丸：采用抛丸清理机对渗碳处理后的制动蹄滚轮轴半成品进行抛丸处理；
12.精磨：使用内圆磨床对二次抛丸后的制动蹄滚轮轴半成品的内孔进行精磨，采用平面磨床对二次抛丸后的制动蹄滚轮轴半成品的端面进行精磨，得到制动蹄滚轮轴成品。
本发明的一种20CrMnTi制动蹄滚轮轴的加工方法提高了材料利用率，减少了工艺流程，节约了加工时间，同时大大的提高了零件整体的机械性能。

Claims (6)

1.一种20CrMnTi制动蹄滚轮轴的加工方法，其特征在于，依次包括以下步骤：下料、退火、抛丸处理、软化处理、挤压、粗车、精车、渗碳处理、预冷淬火、低温回火、二次抛丸、精磨；
所述预冷淬火包括以下步骤：
1)将渗碳后的制动蹄滚轮轴随炉升温至860±10℃，保温2～3h；
2)快速冷却至780±10℃，保温3～4h；
3)第二次将制动蹄滚轮轴快速升温至820±10℃，保温为2～3h。
2.根据权利要求1所述的20CrMnTi制动蹄滚轮轴的加工方法，其特征在于，所述低温回火包括以下步骤：将预冷淬火后的制动蹄滚轮轴随炉升温至490℃±10℃，保温6h，出炉油冷。
3.根据权利要求2所述的20CrMnTi制动蹄滚轮轴的加工方法，其特征在于，油冷后，制动蹄滚轮轴在160℃±10℃环境中再低温回火一次，保温3～4h，出炉空冷至室温。
4.根据权利要求1所述的20CrMnTi制动蹄滚轮轴的加工方法，其特征在于，所述软化处理包括以下步骤：将抛丸处理后的坯料进行除油、软化中和调整、清洗。
5.根据权利要求1所述的20CrMnTi制动蹄滚轮轴的加工方法，其特征在于，所述下料用原料为20CrMnTi圆钢。
6.根据权利要求1所述的20CrMnTi制动蹄滚轮轴的加工方法，其特征在于，所述退火包括以下步骤：将坯料置入工业电炉进行退火处理，炉内温度加热至850±50℃保温5-7h后，随炉冷却。
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111411202A (zh) * 2020-04-29 2020-07-14 南京威孚金宁有限公司 一种增加滚轮表面压应力深度的加工工艺
CN111961974A (zh) * 2020-08-20 2020-11-20 本钢板材股份有限公司 一种开铁口机钎尾轴的制备方法
CN112359180A (zh) * 2020-11-09 2021-02-12 盐城市明佳机械有限公司 一种330MPa级电机力矩传感器用力矩弹性体的精锻成型工艺
CN116984907A (zh) * 2023-09-27 2023-11-03 成都中良川工科技有限公司 一种数控转台

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111411202A (zh) * 2020-04-29 2020-07-14 南京威孚金宁有限公司 一种增加滚轮表面压应力深度的加工工艺
CN111411202B (zh) * 2020-04-29 2022-02-15 南京威孚金宁有限公司 一种增加滚轮表面压应力深度的加工工艺
CN111961974A (zh) * 2020-08-20 2020-11-20 本钢板材股份有限公司 一种开铁口机钎尾轴的制备方法
CN111961974B (zh) * 2020-08-20 2021-07-09 本钢板材股份有限公司 一种开铁口机钎尾轴的制备方法
CN112359180A (zh) * 2020-11-09 2021-02-12 盐城市明佳机械有限公司 一种330MPa级电机力矩传感器用力矩弹性体的精锻成型工艺
CN116984907A (zh) * 2023-09-27 2023-11-03 成都中良川工科技有限公司 一种数控转台
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