CN110864499A - 一种高效率污氮冷量回收处理空分系统 - Google Patents

一种高效率污氮冷量回收处理空分系统 Download PDF

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CN110864499A
CN110864499A CN201911211447.2A CN201911211447A CN110864499A CN 110864499 A CN110864499 A CN 110864499A CN 201911211447 A CN201911211447 A CN 201911211447A CN 110864499 A CN110864499 A CN 110864499A
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air
heat exchanger
cold energy
nitrogen
gas
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陈志勇
吴永林
陈逊
张晓辉
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Hainan Camet Gas Co Ltd
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Hainan Camet Gas Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
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    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
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    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
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    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
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    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
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    • F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
    • F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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    • F25J2205/02—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
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    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration

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Abstract

本发明提供一种高效率污氮冷量回收处理空分系统，包括第一气体流通通路和第二气体流通通路，所述第一气体流通通路包括空气过滤器、冷量回收换热器、预冷机组、纯化器、冷箱、主换热器和分馏塔，通过所述第一气体流通通路进行气体分离；所述第二气体流通通路包括分馏塔、主冷凝蒸发器、主换热器、透平膨胀机和冷量回收换热器，通过所述第二气体流通通路进行污氮放空，本发明具有成本低、回收效果好等优点，能够有效回收直接排空污氮的冷量，降低原料空气温度，减少预冷机电耗，节约运行成本，同时本申请智能监测装置的加入，有助于使用实时监测系统的运行状态，即方便了使用，又提高了效率。

Description

一种高效率污氮冷量回收处理空分系统
技术领域
本发明涉及氮气回收和再利用的技术领域，尤其涉及一种高效率污氮冷量回收处理空分系统。
背景技术
氮气也是稀有气体中的一种，在自然界的空气成分中，氮气的含量可以说是比较多的，并且在我们生活中无时不刻不在接触氮气，比如生活中经常使用到的食品包装等等，氮气是电子封装，操作平台需要的保护气体，它的用量之大，要求之高，是生产控制经营成本必须重视的一个重要方面，氮气的的回收与利用技术也在不断的完善，目前，现有技术中的氮气的回收与利用技术还存在很多的不足，比如在空分系统中有4500Nm3/h、10～15℃的气体未经回收利用，直接排大气，此部分气体温度约10～15℃，温度较低、气量较大，冷量有较高的回收价值，未经利用直接排大气造成了气体冷量的浪费，因此，有待进一步的改进。
发明内容
本发明针对上述现有技术的不足而提供一种成本低、回收效果好的高效率污氮冷量回收处理空分系统。
本发明为解决上述问题所采用的技术方案为：
本发明提供一种高效率污氮冷量回收处理空分系统，包括第一气体流通通路和第二气体流通通路，所述第一气体流通通路包括空气过滤器、冷量回收换热器、预冷机组、纯化器、冷箱、主换热器和分馏塔，通过所述第一气体流通通路进行气体分离；
所述第二气体流通通路包括分馏塔、主冷凝蒸发器、主换热器、透平膨胀机和冷量回收换热器，通过所述第二气体流通通路进行污氮放空；
所述第一气体流通通路中，所述空气过滤器用于除去大气中的灰尘杂质及机械杂质，所述空气过滤器与所述空压机连接，用于将过滤后空气压缩升压至0.6～0.65MPa。
进一步地，所述空压机连接所述冷量回收换热器，所述冷量回收换热器连接所述预冷机组，经过所述冷量回收换热器预冷后的空气，再进入所述预冷机组冷却至5～8℃，在此除去空气中的大部分水分，压缩后的空气先进入冷量回收换热器与放空的污氮进行换热，原料空气温度由30～40℃降低至15～20℃。
进一步地，所述预冷机组连接所述纯化器，经过所述预冷机组粗脱水后的空气进入所述纯化器中除去空气中剩余的CO2和水分，所述纯化器连接所述冷箱，从所述纯化器进入的干净空气进入所述冷箱内，在所述主换热器中进行冷却形成液化空气，进入所述分馏塔中。
进一步地，所述分馏塔顶部的一部分高纯氮气进入所述主冷凝器被冷凝成液氮，液氮一部分作为所述分馏塔的回流液，另一部分高纯氮气经所述主换热器105复热至常温作为氮气产品从氮气排出口排出。
进一步地，所述第二气体流通通路中，所述分馏塔连接所述主冷凝蒸发器，用于在所述分馏塔中产生的富氧液空和氮气换热气化，形成污氮气体，所述主冷凝蒸发器106连接所述主换热器，所述主换热器连接所述透平膨胀机，污氮气体经所述主换热器被正流空气加热至约-147℃再进入到所述透平膨胀机，在所述透平膨胀机中绝热膨胀冷却至约-172～-178℃。
进一步地，在所述主冷凝蒸发器中形成的污氮气体在所述主换热器中与原料空气换热到10～15℃后一部分污氮气体作为干燥器的再生气使用，另一部分污氮气体进入所述新增冷却换热器与压缩后的空气换热，将空气初步冷却，冷量回收后的污氮再排大气。
进一步地，所述冷量回收换热器包括换热器，与所述换热器连接有第一调节阀、第二调节阀、第三调节阀和第四调节阀，所述第一调节阀、第二调节阀之间设置有第五调节阀，所述第三调节阀、第四调节阀之间连通设置有第六调节阀。
进一步地，所述氮气排出口处设置有氮气浓度监测传感器，所述氮气浓度监测传感器连接有PLC控制系统，所述PLC控制系统连接有手机蓝牙通信模块，通过所述手机蓝牙通信模块与移动终端进行信息互通。
进一步地，所述PLC控制系统还连接有报警装置，当氮气浓度超过设定阈值时，低于或高于设定的阈值范围，警报装置发出警报。
本发明的有益效果在于：
本发明所提供的一种高效率污氮冷量回收处理空分系统具有成本低、回收效果好等优点，本申请通过增加一台冷量回收换热器，回收排空气体的冷量。原料空气经空压机压缩后，先进入冷量回收换热器与直接放空部分的污氮进行换热，将原料空气初步进行冷却，再根据原料气温度进入预冷机冷却或通过冷量回收换热器旁路管线直接进入后工段使用，本申请能够有效回收直接排空污氮的冷量，降低原料空气温度，减少预冷机电耗，节约运行成本，同时本申请智能监测装置的加入，有助于使用实时监测系统的运行状态，即方便了使用，又提高了效率。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种高效率污氮冷量回收处理空分系统的原理结构图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图具体阐明本发明的实施方式，附图仅供参考和说明使用，不构成对本发明专利保护范围的限制。
如图1所示，本发明提供一种高效率污氮冷量回收处理空分系统，包括第一气体流通通路和第二气体流通通路，所述第一气体流通通路包括空气过滤器101、冷量回收换热器102、预冷机组103、纯化器104、冷箱105、主换热器106和分馏塔107，通过所述第一气体流通通路进行气体分离；
所述第二气体流通通路包括分馏塔107、主冷凝蒸发器108、主换热器106、透平膨胀机109和冷量回收换热器102，通过所述第二气体流通通路进行污氮放空；
所述第一气体流通通路中，所述空气过滤器101用于除去约11500Nm3/h空气（30～40℃、常压）大气中的灰尘杂质及机械杂质，所述空气过滤器101与所述空压机连接，用于将过滤后空气压缩升压至0.6～0.65MPa。
本实施例中，所述空压机连接所述冷量回收换热器102，所述冷量回收换热器102连接所述预冷机组103，经过所述冷量回收换热器102预冷后的空气，再进入所述预冷机组103冷却至5～8℃，在此除去空气中的大部分水分，压缩后的空气先进入冷量回收换热器102与放空的污氮进行换热，原料空气温度由30～40℃降低至15～20℃。
本实施例中，所述预冷机组103连接所述纯化器104，经过所述预冷机组103粗脱水后的空气进入所述纯化器104中除去空气中剩余的CO2和水分，所述纯化器104连接所述冷箱105，从所述纯化器104进入的干净空气进入所述冷箱105内，在所述主换热器106中进行冷却形成液化空气，进入所述分馏塔107中。
本实施例中，所述分馏塔107顶部的一部分高纯氮气进入所述主冷凝器被冷凝成液氮，液氮一部分作为所述分馏塔107的回流液，另一部分高纯氮气经所述主换热器106复热至常温作为氮气产品从氮气排出口排出。
本实施例中，所述第二气体流通通路中，所述分馏塔107连接所述主冷凝蒸发器108，用于在所述分馏塔107中产生的富氧液空和氮气换热气化，形成污氮气体，所述主冷凝蒸发器108连接所述主换热器106，所述主换热器106连接所述透平膨胀机109，污氮气体经所述主换热器106被正流空气加热至约-147℃再进入到所述透平膨胀机109，在所述透平膨胀机109中绝热膨胀冷却至约-172～-178℃。
本实施例中，在所述主冷凝蒸发器108中形成的污氮气体在所述主换热器106中与原料空气换热到10～15℃后一部分污氮气体作为干燥器的再生气使用，另一部分污氮气体进入所述新增冷却换热器与压缩后的空气换热，将空气初步冷却，冷量回收后的污氮再排大气。
本实施例中，所述冷量回收换热器102包括换热器，与所述换热器连接有第一调节阀201、第二调节阀202、第三调节阀203和第四调节阀204，所述第一调节阀201、第二调节阀202之间设置有第五调节阀205，所述第三调节阀203、第四调节阀204之间连通设置有第六调节阀206。
本实施例中，所述氮气排出口处设置有氮气浓度监测传感器301，所述氮气浓度监测传感器301连接有PLC控制系统302，所述PLC控制系统302连接有手机蓝牙通信模块303，通过所述手机蓝牙通信模块303与移动终端进行信息互通。
本实施例中，所述PLC控制系统302还连接有报警装置304，当氮气浓度超过设定阈值时，低于或高于设定的阈值范围，警报装置发出警报。
本发明所提供的一种高效率污氮冷量回收处理空分系统具有成本低、回收效果好等优点，本申请通过增加一台冷量回收换热器，回收排空气体的冷量。原料空气经空压机压缩后，先进入冷量回收换热器与直接放空部分的污氮进行换热，将原料空气初步进行冷却，再根据原料气温度进入预冷机冷却或通过冷量回收换热器旁路管线直接进入后工段使用，本申请能够有效回收直接排空污氮的冷量，降低原料空气温度，减少预冷机电耗，节约运行成本，同时本申请智能监测装置（氮气浓度监测传感器、PLC控制系统、手机蓝牙通信模块和报警装置形成了智能监测装置）的加入，有助于使用实时监测系统的运行状态，即方便了使用，又提高了效率。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

1.一种高效率污氮冷量回收处理空分系统，其特征在于：包括第一气体流通通路和第二气体流通通路，所述第一气体流通通路包括空气过滤器、冷量回收换热器、预冷机组、纯化器、冷箱、主换热器和分馏塔，通过所述第一气体流通通路进行气体分离；
所述第二气体流通通路包括分馏塔、主冷凝蒸发器、主换热器、透平膨胀机和冷量回收换热器，通过所述第二气体流通通路进行污氮放空；
所述第一气体流通通路中，所述空气过滤器用于除去大气中的灰尘杂质及机械杂质，所述空气过滤器与所述空压机连接，用于将过滤后空气压缩升压至0.6～0.65MPa。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高效率污氮冷量回收空分系统，其特征在于：
所述空压机连接所述冷量回收换热器，所述冷量回收换热器连接所述预冷机组，经过所述冷量回收换热器预冷后的空气，再进入所述预冷机组冷却至5～8℃，在此除去空气中的大部分水分，压缩后的空气先进入冷量回收换热器与放空的污氮进行换热，原料空气温度由30～40℃降低至15～20℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高效率污氮冷量回收空分系统，其特征在于：
所述预冷机组连接所述纯化器，经过所述预冷机组粗脱水后的空气进入所述纯化器中除去空气中剩余的CO2和水分，所述纯化器连接所述冷箱，从所述纯化器进入的干净空气进入所述冷箱内，在所述主换热器中进行冷却形成液化空气，进入所述分馏塔中。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高效率污氮冷量回收空分系统，其特征在于：
所述分馏塔顶部的一部分高纯氮气进入所述主冷凝器被冷凝成液氮，液氮一部分作为所述分馏塔的回流液，另一部分高纯氮气经所述主换热器105复热至常温作为氮气产品从氮气排出口排出。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高效率污氮冷量回收空分系统，其特征在于：
所述第二气体流通通路中，所述分馏塔连接所述主冷凝蒸发器，用于在所述分馏塔中产生的富氧液空和氮气换热气化，形成污氮气体，所述主冷凝蒸发器106连接所述主换热器，所述主换热器连接所述透平膨胀机，污氮气体经所述主换热器被正流空气加热至约-147℃再进入到所述透平膨胀机，在所述透平膨胀机中绝热膨胀冷却至约-172～-178℃。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高效率污氮冷量回收空分系统，其特征在于：
在所述主冷凝蒸发器中形成的污氮气体在所述主换热器中与原料空气换热到10～15℃后一部分污氮气体作为干燥器的再生气使用，另一部分污氮气体进入所述新增冷却换热器与压缩后的空气换热，将空气初步冷却，冷量回收后的污氮再排大气。
7.根据权利要求1所述的高效率污氮冷量回收空分系统，其特征在于：
所述冷量回收换热器包括换热器，与所述换热器连接有第一调节阀、第二调节阀、第三调节阀和第四调节阀，所述第一调节阀、第二调节阀之间设置有第五调节阀，所述第三调节阀、第四调节阀之间连通设置有第六调节阀。
8.根据权利要求2所述的高效率污氮冷量回收空分系统，其特征在于：所述氮气排出口处设置有氮气浓度监测传感器，所述氮气浓度监测传感器连接有PLC控制系统，所述PLC控制系统连接有手机蓝牙通信模块，通过所述手机蓝牙通信模块与移动终端进行信息互通。
9.根据权利要求2所述的高效率污氮冷量回收空分系统，其特征在于：
所述PLC控制系统还连接有报警装置，当氮气浓度超过设定阈值时，低于或高于设定的阈值范围，警报装置发出警报。
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