CN110863859A - High-precision monitoring and early warning system and method for deformation of top plate - Google Patents
High-precision monitoring and early warning system and method for deformation of top plate Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
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- E21F17/185—Rock-pressure control devices with or without alarm devices; Alarm devices in case of roof subsidence
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/165—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge by means of a grating deformed by the object
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-precision monitoring and early warning system and method for roof deformation, which relate to the technical field of roadway deformation monitoring and early warning, and comprise an explosion-proof optical fiber sensor, a sensor integration device, a signal conversion device, a data transmission device and a data processing unit, wherein the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor converts roof displacement signals into spectral information, the sensor integration device is connected with the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor in the same monitoring range, the signal conversion device is connected with the sensor integration device and converts the spectral information into electronic signals, and the data transmission device transmits the electronic signals to the data processing unit; when the system is used for monitoring, the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor is arranged in a selected monitoring area and connected with each component of the system to monitor the displacement of the top plate, the central controller and the data processing unit establish a spatial three-dimensional model of the surrounding rock, and the deformation of the top plate is determined in real time according to deformation monitoring and spatial coordinates.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of roadway deformation monitoring and early warning, in particular to a high-precision monitoring and early warning system and a monitoring and early warning method for roadway or tunnel roof deformation.
Background
Along with the progress of coal mining, the length and the depth of a mine tunnel are rapidly increased, tunnel engineering is also constructed in a large quantity, large-scale roof collapse and collapse accidents caused by deformation of the tunnel and a tunnel roof often occur, and monitoring of settlement of the reinforced tunnel and the tunnel roof is not slow enough. The deformation of the tunnel and the tunnel roof is the main engineering monitoring parameter content, the deformation speed of the tunnel and the tunnel roof and the deformation convergence rate of the tunnel and the tunnel roof can be calculated according to the monitoring result, and a relation curve of the deformation quantity, the deformation speed and the deformation position of the tunnel and the tunnel roof and the time is established and drawn, so that the deformation rule of the tunnel and the tunnel roof, the stability of surrounding rocks and the supporting effect of the tunnel and the tunnel are analyzed. At present, a total station and a level gauge are generally adopted for measuring the deformation of a tunnel and a tunnel top plate, and a traditional manual measurement method is adopted, namely holes are drilled in the middle of the tunnel, the tunnel top and a bottom plate in the vertical direction, measurement base points such as timber piles, short anchor rods and measuring nails are installed, and manual measurement and recording are carried out by workers.
Considering that the roadway in the engineering is influenced by ground stress, lithology, rheology or blasting impact, the initial section shape and the unevenness difference of the top plate are large in general, and the top plate is settled into non-uniform deformation. The total station is widely used for monitoring, but manual point-by-point monitoring is needed, time and labor are consumed, real-time monitoring cannot be achieved, and meanwhile, the measurement precision is large due to human factors and large in error. The level gauge can realize automation and digitization to a certain degree, but has large volume, is inconvenient to install, is not suitable for a section with large height difference change, and is greatly influenced by the environment. The traditional manual measuring method is limited by the influence of measuring point positions and is mainly suitable for uniform deformation of the surface of the surrounding rock of the regular roadway; the manual recording is limited to a certain section of the roadway, and the integral measurement cannot be realized; the problems that data analysis is inaccurate due to untimely data recording and low precision of workers are easy to occur, and the problems bring a lot of difficulties to the measurement of the settlement of the top plates of the roadways and the tunnels.
Currently, an optical fiber sensor is a sensor that converts the state of an object to be measured into a measurable optical signal. The optical fiber sensor has the working principle that light beams incident from a light source are sent into a modulator through an optical fiber, the light beams interact with external measured parameters in the modulator, so that optical properties of the light, such as intensity, wavelength, frequency, phase, polarization state and the like, are changed to form modulated light signals, and the modulated light signals are sent into a photoelectric device through the optical fiber and then are demodulated to obtain the measured parameters. Compared with the traditional sensor, the optical fiber sensor uses light as a carrier of sensitive information and uses the optical fiber as a medium for transmitting the sensitive information, has the characteristics of optical fiber and optical measurement, has good electrical insulation performance, strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability, non-invasiveness and high sensitivity, is easy to realize the remote monitoring of a measured signal, resists corrosion and explosion, has flexibility on an optical path, and is convenient to be connected with a computer.
The distributed optical fiber sensor can be used for realizing real-time measurement of deformation of the top plate of the tunnel and the tunnel, accurately measuring deformation of the tunnel and the top plate of the tunnel at any position at one time and carrying out early warning processing on the deformation. The chinese patent CN108680139A, "tunnel roof settlement monitoring device and tunnel settlement monitoring method" uses the fiber grating height difference meter and the demodulator sequentially arranged along the tunnel roof to build the tunnel roof settlement monitoring device, which can receive and process the monitoring data of the fiber grating height difference meter, and solves the engineering problem of low tunnel roof settlement monitoring precision in the prior art. But the device is mainly applicable to the tunnel roof deformation that the measurement warp comparatively rule, and the degree of difficulty of accomplishing tunnel roof whole deformation measurement work is higher moreover. Chinese patent CN106123767A, "a method for monitoring roof settlement in longwall face filling and mining", converts displacement in a monitoring host according to strain value monitored by a resistance strain sensor and judges the roof settlement of filling and mining, and can be applied to working conditions of different roof and floor heights by adjusting the length of a measuring rod, and determine the mining influence area range of the roof while monitoring the roof settlement of filling and mining. The device installation and circuit arrangement are comparatively loaded down with trivial details, and the randomness of measuring the sampling interval is great, and the sleeve that is as the installation carrier receives external environment's disturbance easily moreover. Chinese patent CN106908033A, "a goaf roof multipoint displacement synchronous measurement device and a measurement method thereof," calculates displacement changes of all base points of a goaf roof, and simultaneously detects roof settlement and overburden deep displacement by using a grating ruler displacement sensor without burying a transmission line in a complex environment of the goaf; however, the selected grating ruler displacement sensor only works in a top plate area with a small range, long-distance roadway top plate settlement measurement cannot be achieved, and a large number of grating ruler displacement sensors are needed to be used for completing one-time measurement.
Therefore, the deformation measuring device for the top plate of the tunnel and the tunnel needs to solve the problems existing in the existing deformation measuring device for the top plate of the tunnel and the tunnel, namely, on the basis of accurately obtaining the settlement deformation of the top plate, the functions of real-time monitoring, early warning and the like of the large-area non-uniform deformation of the top plate of the irregular tunnel and the tunnel are realized, meanwhile, the influence of the external environment on the measuring device is reduced, the measuring cost is reduced, and the like, and the deformation measuring device has extremely important scientific research and engineering significance for rock engineering support.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to more accurately, conveniently, sensitively and visually monitor the deformation of the top plates of the tunnel and the tunnel, accurately obtain the settlement deformation of the top plates, monitor and early warn the non-uniform deformation of the top plates of the irregular tunnel and the tunnel, improve the monitoring efficiency and save the monitoring cost, the invention provides a high-precision monitoring and early warning system and a method for the deformation of the top plates, and the specific technical scheme is as follows.
In the existing roof deformation measuring system and method, if a relation curve between the deformation amount, the deformation speed and the deformation position of the roof of a roadway or a tunnel and time is to be drawn, a large amount of time needs to be consumed, and the real-time performance and the accuracy of information are difficult to ensure; in addition, because the section of the roadway is generally uneven, and the settlement of the top plate is mostly non-uniform deformation, the position of the monitoring device needs to be accurately determined, and the fit installation between the top plate and the optical fiber sensor is ensured; the top plate deformation high-precision monitoring and early warning system presets a measuring base point of a sensor according to the top plate deformation condition of a tunnel or a tunnel, a central controller sends an instruction to control an explosion-proof optical fiber sensor attached to a top plate monitoring area, and meanwhile, optical signals sent by measuring points are continuously received in real time, so that the high-precision measurement of the deformation of the top plate of the tunnel or the tunnel is realized.
A roof deformation high-precision monitoring and early warning system comprises an explosion-proof optical fiber sensor, a sensor integration device, a signal conversion device, a data transmission device, a data processing unit and a central controller, wherein the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor is arranged on a roof anchoring body, the sensor integration device is connected with the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor in a monitoring area range, the signal conversion device is connected with the sensor integration device and converts spectral information into electronic signals, and the data transmission device transmits the electronic signals to the data processing unit; the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor is arranged in the optical fiber container, the optical fiber container is fixed at the exposed end of the screw rod body, the optical fiber container is connected with the explosion-proof rubber tube, an optical cable in the explosion-proof rubber tube is connected with the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor, and the explosion-proof rubber tube is provided with a plurality of optical fiber containers and a plurality of clamps; the sensor integration device is used for lapping the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor in the monitoring range of the top plate through an anti-corrosion cable, and the sensor integration device and the signal conversion device are subjected to optical fiber fusion; the signal conversion device comprises an amplitude converter, a phase converter and a frequency converter, and converts the spectral information of the amplitude, the phase and the frequency transmitted by the sensor integrated device into an electronic signal; the data transmission device transmits the electronic signal to the data processing unit through wired data transmission or wireless data transmission; the data processing unit comprises an electronic recorder, an electronic analyzer, an electronic registration instrument and a 3D model machine, wherein the electronic recorder determines space coordinate information and acquires a three-dimensional point cloud array, the electronic analyzer extracts multi-plane features to determine a standard of deformation, the electronic registration instrument matches images and calibrates a space-time relation, the 3D model machine processes RGB images to form a three-dimensional space model, and the data processing unit determines roof deformation in real time by combining received deformation monitoring information and space coordinate information; the central controller is respectively connected with the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor, the sensor integration device, the signal conversion device, the data transmission device and the data processing unit and controls the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor, the sensor integration device, the signal conversion device, the data transmission device and the data processing unit to work.
Preferably, the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor comprises a light source, a receiver and a modulator, wherein the receiver receives a light beam incident from the light source at the top plate and sends the light beam into the modulator, and the modulator converts the light intensity, the wavelength, the frequency, the phase and the polarization state which are changed along with the deformation of the top plate into a modulated light signal.
Preferably, the data processing unit further comprises a control chip and an SD card integration module, and the deformation information of the top plate monitored by the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor is transmitted through the signal conversion device, processed by the 3D model machine of the data processing unit, and then stored in the control chip and the SD card integration module.
Preferably, the signal conversion device further comprises a signal receiver and a signal transmitter, the signal receiver is connected with the sensor integration device to receive the optical signal, and the signal transmitter is connected with the data transmission device to transmit the electronic signal.
Preferably, the data transmission device comprises a data transmission line, a USB data transmission interface and an RJ45 network interface, the data transmission line connects the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor, the sensor integration device, the signal conversion device, the data transmission device, the data processing unit and the central controller, and the USB data transmission interface and the RJ45 network interface are arranged on the data transmission device.
Preferably, the central controller is provided with an explosion-proof shell and an explosion-proof illuminating lamp, a power supply is arranged in the explosion-proof shell, and the power supply uses an explosion-proof lithium ion battery and a safety protection lithium ion battery charging plate; the lower part of the explosion-proof shell is provided with a bearing steel frame, and the bottom of the explosion-proof shell is provided with rollers.
Preferably, the central controller is provided with an explosion-proof optical fiber sensor data display button, an explosion-proof optical fiber sensor data analysis button, an explosion-proof housing movement control button, a start button, an end button, a recording button, a save button and a lead-out button.
A roof deformation high-precision monitoring and early warning method utilizes the roof deformation high-precision monitoring and early warning system, and comprises the following steps:
selecting an area to be monitored on a top plate in a tunnel or a tunnel, calibrating a measurement base point, installing an explosion-proof optical fiber sensor to the position of the measurement base point, and installing an optical fiber container, a hoop, an explosion-proof rubber tube and an optical cable;
connecting the sensor integration device, the signal conversion device, the data transmission device, the data processing unit and the central controller in sequence, and ensuring that the central processor is horizontally placed;
confirming that the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor is vertical to the top plate, controlling the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor to work through a starting button on a central processing unit, and detecting the installation of a circuit;
inputting the number of each measurement base point and starting monitoring, wherein the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor monitors the horizontal displacement and the vertical displacement of the top plate;
the data processing unit determines the spatial coordinates of the surrounding rock, statistically analyzes the monitoring information of each measuring base point, determines the deformation of the top plate according to the coordinate information of the measuring base points, displays the deformation of the top plate in real time and stores the deformation data of the top plate;
and step six, acquiring deformation data of the top plate in the monitoring time period, analyzing deformation of each measurement base point and the top plate, constructing a three-dimensional model of deformation of the top plate, and deriving a 3D section diagram of a measuring point of the top plate.
Preferably, the step of constructing the deformed three-dimensional model of the roof slab includes:
A. acquiring deformation data of the top plate in a monitoring time period, sending the deformation data of the top plate to a control chip of the data processing unit,
B. an electronic analyzer of the data processing unit extracts multi-plane features to determine a deformation standard, and an electronic registration instrument matches images and calibrates a time-space relationship;
C. the data processing unit identifies and processes the test pieces of each group of monitoring data and the spatial relationship, determines the real deformation of the top plate, and obtains a deformation curve of any measurement base point;
D. the data processing unit utilizes a 3D model machine to construct a roof deformation three-dimensional model, determines roof deformation in real time according to continuous-time roof deformation monitoring data, and updates the three-dimensional model.
The beneficial effects of the invention include:
(1) the utility model provides a roof warp high accuracy monitoring and early warning system, optical fiber measurement has been combined, image processing, 3D modeling and roof warp the monitoring, realized jointly that it is accurate, convenient, sensitive, audio-visual monitoring to tunnel or tunnel roof, obtain roof deformation data through explosion-proof optical fiber sensor, leading-in data processing unit handles, obtain tunnel or tunnel roof deformation, and through 3D model visual display, make roof warp monitoring in-process operation more succinct, and improved the degree of accuracy of monitoring.
(2) When the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor works, light beams fed back by a measuring point are sent into the modulator through the optical fiber, interact with the photosensitive element in the modulator, change the incident light intensity, wavelength, frequency, phase, polarization state and the like and become modulated optical signals, and then are sent into a photoelectric device through the optical fiber until reaching a sensor integrated system, so that the whole sensor has the characteristics of sensitivity, accuracy, strong adaptability, smallness, intellectualization and the like; the sensor integration device carries out unified integrated processing on optical signals collected by all explosion-proof optical fiber sensors in the roof deformation monitoring area, the optical signals marked with position information are transmitted to the signal conversion device, and the optical signals are converted into electronic signals through the amplitude converter, the phase converter and the frequency converter, so that the sensor integration device can be suitable for high-voltage, electrical noise, high temperature, corrosion or other severe environments.
(3) Utilize sensor monitoring, realize high-efficient unmanned monitoring after setting up monitoring parameter in advance, avoided monitoring many times on the roof, it is long to have solved roof monitoring time-consuming, problems such as construction difficulty and cost height, the monitoring process is simple, it is convenient to implement, do benefit to the engineering operation safety in the work progress, measured data is handled by the data processing unit, roof deformation monitoring data that can three-dimensional display tunnel or tunnel, and draw the three-dimensional structure model, degree of automation is high, environmental suitability is good, whole monitoring process does not influence the normal clear of engineering.
(4) Can the different tunnel of portable analysis operating mode or tunnel roof warp through central processing unit, rely on the structure of explosion-proof shell and gyro wheel, not only remove convenient but also can adapt to the rugged ground environment of tunnel or tunnel indent, stability is strong, has explosion-proof function, and the security is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a part of a high-precision monitoring and early-warning system for deformation of a top plate;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-precision monitoring and early warning system for deformation of a top plate;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the central controller;
fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a high-precision monitoring and early warning method for deformation of a top plate.
In the figure: 1, a top plate; 2 an anchor; 3, a screw rod body; 4 an optical fiber container; 5, clamping a hoop; 6, an explosion-proof optical fiber sensor; 7, an explosion-proof rubber pipe; 8, an optical cable; 9 an explosion-proof display screen; 10 a central controller; 11 a data line; 12 an explosion proof housing; 13-1 horizontal displacement monitoring button; 13-2 a spatial position monitoring button; 13-3 vertical displacement monitoring button; 14-1 start button; 14-2 record button; 14-3 save button; 14-4 export button; 14-5 end button; 15-RJ45 network interface; 16-USB data transfer interface.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, embodiments of a high-precision monitoring and early-warning system and method for deformation of a top plate provided by the present invention are as follows.
The system comprises an explosion-proof optical fiber sensor, a sensor integration device, a signal conversion device, a data transmission device, a data processing unit and a central controller, wherein optical fiber sensor monitoring parameters are preset during the working of the system, a sensor measuring base point is preset according to the deformation condition of the top plate, the central controller sends an instruction to control the optical fiber sensor attached to a top plate monitoring area, and meanwhile, a sequence of light sensing signals sent by measuring points are continuously received in real time, so that the high-precision real-time measurement of the deformation of the top plate is realized.
The utility model provides a roof warp high accuracy monitoring early warning system specifically includes explosion-proof optical fiber sensor 6, sensor integrated device, signal conversion equipment, data transmission device, data processing unit and central controller, explosion-proof optical fiber sensor installs 6 on 1 anchor body 2 of roof, and the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor 6 of monitoring area within range is connected to sensor integrated device, and signal conversion equipment is connected with sensor integrated device, converts spectral information into electronic signal, and data transmission equipment transmits electronic signal to data processing unit. The top plate deformation high-precision monitoring and early warning system comprises specific components of an anchoring body 2, a screw body 3, an optical fiber container 4, a hoop 5 explosion-proof optical fiber sensor 6, an explosion-proof rubber tube 7, an optical cable 8, a central processing unit 10, an explosion-proof display screen 9, a sensor integration device, a signal conversion device, a data transmission device, a data processing unit, a central processing unit and the like. The monitoring system combines an optical fiber measurement technology, an image processing technology, a 3D modeling technology and roof deformation monitoring, realizes accurate, convenient, sensitive and visual monitoring of the tunnel or the tunnel roof together, obtains roof deformation data through an explosion-proof optical fiber sensor, leads in a data processing unit for processing, obtains tunnel or tunnel roof deformation, and visually displays the deformation data through a 3D model, so that the roof deformation monitoring process is simpler to operate, and the monitoring accuracy is improved.
The explosion-proof optical fiber sensor 6 is arranged in the optical fiber container 4, the screw rod body 3 is directly and fixedly connected with the optical fiber container 4, the optical fiber container 4 is fixed at the exposed end of the screw rod body, the screw rod body 3 is inserted into the top plate by means of the anchoring body, and the screw rod body 3 is ensured to be vertical to the top plate. The optical fiber container 4 is further connected with an explosion-proof rubber tube 7, an optical cable 8 in the explosion-proof rubber tube 7 is connected with the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor 6, the optical cable 8 is connected with each explosion-proof optical fiber sensor 6 in a grid-connected mode, the explosion-proof rubber tube 7 is provided with a plurality of optical fiber containers 4 and a plurality of clamps 5, the clamps 5 can be directly connected onto the anchoring body 2, the clamps 5 and the optical fiber containers 4 can be arranged at intervals, therefore, the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor 6 can be better fixed, and effective contact matching of the sensor and the top plate is guaranteed. Meanwhile, the optical cable is arranged in the anti-explosion rubber tube to prevent the chemical and physical damage of the corrosive gas environment of a roadway or a tunnel to the optical cable, a group of clamps 5 can be arranged between every two groups of anti-explosion optical fiber sensors to connect the anti-explosion rubber tube 7 with the screw body 3, and the anti-explosion rubber tube 7 is prevented from bending and sinking caused by self weight. The explosion-proof optical fiber sensor 6 comprises a light source, a receiver and a modulator, wherein the receiver receives light beams incident from the light source on the top plate and sends the light beams into the modulator, and the modulator converts light intensity, wavelength, frequency, phase and polarization state which are changed along with the deformation of the top plate into modulated light signals. The multimode optical fiber in the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor is arranged in the middle of the mechanical deformer, when the deformer is disturbed by the displacement of the top plate, the optical fiber generates periodic microbending along the axis, and an optical signal related to the displacement of the top plate is obtained by detecting the variation of the conducted optical power in the fiber core of the optical fiber.
The sensor integration device is used for lapping the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor in the monitoring range of the top plate through an anti-corrosion cable, and the sensor integration device and the signal conversion device are subjected to optical fiber fusion. In the monitoring range of the top plate, the arrangement principle of the measurement base points of the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor is as follows: the longitudinal axis of a measurement base point connected with the same explosion-proof optical cable is parallel to the long axis of the roadway, the measurement base point is always kept fixed in the original position, the inaccuracy of measurement results caused by the change of vertical positions of front and back measurement is avoided, the number of monitoring points is set according to actual needs, the measurement base point is added on an explosion-proof rubber pipe, the situation that sensors on the same optical cable are on the same plane, the monitoring direction is changed, and different areas of a roadway top plate are measured is guaranteed.
The signal conversion device comprises an amplitude converter, a phase converter and a frequency converter, and converts the spectral information of the amplitude, the phase and the frequency transmitted by the sensor integrated device into an electronic signal. The signal conversion device also comprises a signal receiver and a signal transmitter, the signal receiver is connected with the sensor integration device to receive optical signals, and the signal transmitter is connected with the data transmission device to transmit electronic signals.
The data transmission device transmits the electronic signal to the data processing unit through wired data transmission or wireless data transmission. The data transmission device comprises a data transmission line 11, a USB data transmission interface 16 and an RJ45 network interface 15, wherein the data transmission line is connected with the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor 6, the sensor integration device, the signal conversion device, the data transmission device, the data processing unit and the central controller, the USB data transmission interface 16 and the RJ45 network interface 15 are arranged on the data transmission device, and the hardware equipment of the data transmission device can be integrated on the central controller.
The data processing unit comprises an electronic recorder, an electronic analyzer, an electronic registration instrument and a 3D model machine, wherein the electronic recorder determines space coordinate information and obtains a three-dimensional point cloud array, the electronic analyzer extracts multi-plane features to determine a deformation standard, the electronic registration instrument matches images and calibrates a space-time relation, the 3D model machine processes RGB images to form a three-dimensional space model, and the data processing unit determines roof deformation in real time by combining received deformation monitoring information and space coordinate information. The data processing unit also comprises a control chip and an SD card integrated module, wherein the top plate deformation information monitored by the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor is transmitted through the signal conversion device, processed by the 3D model machine of the data processing unit and then stored in the control chip and the SD card integrated module.
The central controller is respectively connected with the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor 6, the sensor integration device, the signal conversion device, the data transmission device and the data processing unit and controls the work of the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor, the sensor integration device, the signal conversion device, the data transmission device and the data processing unit. The central controller 10 is provided with an explosion-proof housing 12 and an explosion-proof illuminating lamp, a power supply is arranged in the explosion-proof housing 12, the power supply uses an explosion-proof lithium ion battery and a safety protection lithium ion battery charging panel, and the power supply supplies power for an explosion optical fiber sensor, a sensor integration device, a signal conversion device, a data transmission device and a data processing unit and supplies power for the explosion-proof illuminating lamp. The lower part of the explosion-proof shell 12 is provided with a bearing steel frame, and the bottom of the explosion-proof shell is provided with rollers. The central controller is provided with an explosion-proof optical fiber sensor data display button, an explosion-proof optical fiber sensor data analysis button, an explosion-proof shell movement control button, a horizontal displacement monitoring button 13-1, a spatial position monitoring button 13-2, a vertical displacement monitoring button 13-3, a starting button 14-1, an ending button 14-5, a recording button 14-2, a storage button 14-3 and a derivation button 14-4. The explosion-proof display screen 9 is connected with the central controller 10 and displays the monitoring and processing result.
A roof deformation high-precision monitoring and early warning method utilizes the roof deformation high-precision monitoring and early warning system, and comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting an area to be monitored on a top plate in a tunnel or a tunnel, calibrating a measurement base point, installing an explosion-proof optical fiber sensor to the position of the measurement base point, and installing an optical fiber container, a hoop, an explosion-proof rubber tube and an optical cable. Determining a top plate area needing to be monitored in a tunnel or a tunnel, marking a measurement base point, and moving an explosion-proof optical fiber sensor, an explosion-proof rubber tube, an optical cable and an explosion-proof data line to the measurement base point.
And step two, sequentially connecting the sensor integration device, the signal conversion device, the data transmission device, the data processing unit and the central controller, ensuring that the central processor is horizontally placed, assembling to complete the high-precision monitoring and early warning system for the deformation of the top plate, and opening a starting button.
And step three, confirming the vertical arrangement of the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor to the top plate, controlling the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor to work through a start button on the central processing unit, and detecting the installation of a circuit. Before formal measurement, the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor spatial position monitoring button 13-2 is started, the anchoring body and the screw body are adjusted to be vertical to the top plate, and the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor in the top plate deformation high-precision monitoring and early warning system is guaranteed to be vertical to the top plate.
Inputting the number of each measurement base point and starting monitoring, wherein the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor monitors the horizontal displacement and the vertical displacement of the top plate.
The data processing unit determines the spatial coordinates of the surrounding rock, statistically analyzes the monitoring information of each measuring base point, determines the deformation of the top plate according to the coordinate information of the measuring base points, displays the deformation of the top plate in real time and stores the deformation data of the top plate;
and step six, acquiring deformation data of the top plate in the monitoring time period, analyzing deformation of each measurement base point and the top plate, constructing a three-dimensional model of deformation of the top plate, and deriving a 3D section diagram of a measuring point of the top plate.
And analyzing the deformation of each measurement base point and the top plate, specifically calculating the deformation speed of the top plate of the tunnel or the tunnel and the deformation convergence rate of the top plate according to the monitoring result, establishing and drawing the relationship curve between the deformation amount, the deformation speed and the deformation position of the top plate of the tunnel or the tunnel and the time, and further analyzing the deformation rule of the top plate of the tunnel or the tunnel, the stability of surrounding rocks and the supporting effect of the tunnel or the tunnel.
The method can accurately judge the preset position of the optical fiber sensor, realizes high-fit installation of the optical fiber sensor and the top plate, and realizes more accurate and sensitive top plate monitoring by utilizing high-precision transmission and conversion calculation of optical signals of the optical fiber sensor.
Referring to fig. 4, the step of constructing the deformed three-dimensional model of the roof slab includes:
and step A, acquiring the spatial position of the top plate and deformation data thereof in the monitoring time period, and automatically inputting the deformation data of the top plate into a control chip of the data processing unit to generate a top plate position and deformation spatial matrix.
And B, extracting the position of the top plate and the multi-plane characteristics in the deformation space matrix by an electronic analyzer of the data processing unit, and matching the images and calibrating the space-time relationship by an electronic registration instrument according to an initially set deformation standard.
And C, the data processing unit performs target detection and identification processing according to the angular point detection and the linear detection and the time and space relation of each group of monitoring data, improves the precision of determining the deformation of the top plate and obtains the deformation curve and the space curved surface of any measurement base point.
And D, during data processing, firstly monitoring image characteristics, namely identifying the characteristics of the deformation curve image and the roof image, calibrating the deformation curve image and the roof image according to the position of a coordinate point after identification, matching a three-dimensional image and a two-dimensional image, and finally establishing a three-dimensional model of roof deformation. The data processing unit utilizes a 3D model machine to construct a roof deformation three-dimensional model, determines roof deformation in real time according to continuous-time roof deformation monitoring data, and updates the three-dimensional model.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A high-precision monitoring and early warning system for deformation of a top plate is characterized by comprising an explosion-proof optical fiber sensor, a sensor integration device, a signal conversion device, a data transmission device, a data processing unit and a central controller, wherein the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor is arranged on an anchoring body of the top plate;
the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor is arranged in the optical fiber container, the optical fiber container is fixed at the exposed end of the screw rod body, the optical fiber container is connected with the explosion-proof rubber tube, an optical cable in the explosion-proof rubber tube is connected with the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor, and the explosion-proof rubber tube is provided with a plurality of optical fiber containers and a plurality of clamps;
the sensor integration device is used for lapping the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor in the monitoring range of the top plate through an anti-corrosion cable, and the sensor integration device and the signal conversion device are subjected to optical fiber fusion;
the signal conversion device comprises an amplitude converter, a phase converter and a frequency converter, and converts the spectral information of the amplitude, the phase and the frequency transmitted by the sensor integrated device into an electronic signal; the data transmission device transmits the electronic signal to the data processing unit through wired data transmission or wireless data transmission;
the data processing unit comprises an electronic recorder, an electronic analyzer, an electronic registration instrument and a 3D model machine, wherein the electronic recorder determines space coordinate information and acquires a three-dimensional point cloud array, the electronic analyzer extracts multi-plane features to determine a standard of deformation, the electronic registration instrument matches images and calibrates a space-time relation, the 3D model machine processes RGB images to form a three-dimensional space model, and the data processing unit determines roof deformation in real time by combining received deformation monitoring information and space coordinate information;
the central controller is respectively connected with the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor, the sensor integration device, the signal conversion device, the data transmission device and the data processing unit and controls the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor, the sensor integration device, the signal conversion device, the data transmission device and the data processing unit to work.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor comprises a light source, a receiver and a modulator, the receiver receives a light beam incident from the light source at the top plate and sends the light beam to the modulator, and the modulator converts the light intensity, wavelength, frequency, phase and polarization state changed along with the deformation of the top plate into a modulated light signal.
3. The high-precision monitoring and early warning system for the deformation of the top plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the data processing unit further comprises a control chip and an SD card integrated module, the deformation information of the top plate monitored by the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor is transmitted through a signal conversion device, and is stored in the control chip and the SD card integrated module after being processed by a 3D model machine of the data processing unit.
4. The high-precision monitoring and early-warning system for the deformation of the top plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the signal conversion device further comprises a signal receiver and a signal transmitter, the signal receiver is connected with the sensor integration device to receive optical signals, and the signal transmitter is connected with the data transmission device to transmit electronic signals.
5. The system for monitoring and warning the deformation of the top plate with high precision as claimed in claim 1, wherein the data transmission device comprises a data transmission line, a USB data transmission interface and an RJ45 network interface, the data transmission line is connected with the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor, the sensor integration device, the signal conversion device, the data transmission device, the data processing unit and the central controller, and the USB data transmission interface and the RJ45 network interface are arranged on the data transmission device.
6. The high-precision monitoring and early warning system for the deformation of the top plate according to claim 1, wherein the central controller is provided with an explosion-proof shell and an explosion-proof illuminating lamp, a power supply is arranged in the explosion-proof shell, and the power supply uses an explosion-proof lithium ion battery and a safety protection lithium battery charging plate; the lower part of the explosion-proof shell is provided with a bearing steel frame, and the bottom of the explosion-proof shell is provided with rollers.
7. A top plate deformation high-precision monitoring and early-warning system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the central controller is provided with an explosion-proof optical fiber sensor data display button, an explosion-proof optical fiber sensor data analysis button, an explosion-proof shell movement control button, a start button, an end button, a recording button, a storage button and a lead-out button.
8. A high-precision monitoring and early-warning method for deformation of a top plate is characterized in that the high-precision monitoring and early-warning system for deformation of the top plate, which is disclosed by any one of claims 1 to 7, is utilized, and the method comprises the following steps:
selecting an area to be monitored on a top plate in a tunnel or a tunnel, calibrating a measurement base point, installing an explosion-proof optical fiber sensor to the position of the measurement base point, and installing an optical fiber container, a hoop, an explosion-proof rubber tube and an optical cable;
connecting the sensor integration device, the signal conversion device, the data transmission device, the data processing unit and the central controller in sequence, and ensuring that the central processor is horizontally placed;
confirming that the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor is vertical to the top plate, controlling the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor to work through a starting button on a central processing unit, and detecting the installation of a circuit;
inputting the number of each measurement base point and starting monitoring, wherein the explosion-proof optical fiber sensor monitors the horizontal displacement and the vertical displacement of the top plate;
the data processing unit determines the spatial coordinates of the surrounding rock, statistically analyzes the monitoring information of each measuring base point, determines the deformation of the top plate according to the coordinate information of the measuring base points, displays the deformation of the top plate in real time and stores the deformation data of the top plate;
and step six, acquiring deformation data of the top plate in the monitoring time period, analyzing deformation of each measurement base point and the top plate, constructing a three-dimensional model of deformation of the top plate, and deriving a 3D section diagram of a measuring point of the top plate.
9. The method for monitoring and early warning the deformation of the roof plate with high precision as claimed in claim 8, wherein the step of constructing the three-dimensional model of the deformation of the roof plate comprises the following steps:
A. acquiring deformation data of the top plate in a monitoring time period, sending the deformation data of the top plate to a control chip of the data processing unit,
B. an electronic analyzer of the data processing unit extracts multi-plane features to determine a deformation standard, and an electronic registration instrument matches images and calibrates a time-space relationship;
C. the data processing unit identifies and processes the test pieces of each group of monitoring data and the spatial relationship, determines the real deformation of the top plate, and obtains a deformation curve of any measurement base point;
D. the data processing unit utilizes a 3D model machine to construct a roof deformation three-dimensional model, determines roof deformation in real time according to continuous-time roof deformation monitoring data, and updates the three-dimensional model.
Priority Applications (3)
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| CN201911177688.XA CN110863859A (en) | 2019-11-27 | 2019-11-27 | High-precision monitoring and early warning system and method for deformation of top plate |
| PCT/CN2020/082848 WO2021027292A1 (en) | 2019-11-27 | 2020-04-01 | Roof deformation high precision monitoring and early warning system and method |
| ZA2021/00041A ZA202100041B (en) | 2019-11-27 | 2021-01-04 | High-precision monitoring and early warning system and method for roof deformation |
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| CN201911177688.XA CN110863859A (en) | 2019-11-27 | 2019-11-27 | High-precision monitoring and early warning system and method for deformation of top plate |
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| WO (1) | WO2021027292A1 (en) |
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| CN111720171A (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2020-09-29 | 安徽理工大学 | Intelligent test and analysis system and method for roof pressure of coal seam working face |
| WO2021027292A1 (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2021-02-18 | 山东科技大学 | Roof deformation high precision monitoring and early warning system and method |
| CN112880580A (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2021-06-01 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Method and system for sensing roadway surrounding rock deformation by optical fiber embedded flexible rod body |
| CN113532371A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-10-22 | 东北大学 | Dynamic monitoring method for absolute deformation of roadway surrounding rock |
| CN114370897A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-19 | 北京住总集团有限责任公司 | Device and method for monitoring blasting vibration of underground excavation tunnel |
| CN114485406A (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2022-05-13 | 宁波科达精工科技股份有限公司 | Part size measuring device and measuring method |
| CN115218808A (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-10-21 | 太原理工大学 | Method and system for judging and early warning stability of surrounding rock excavation |
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| CN117889823A (en) * | 2024-03-11 | 2024-04-16 | 福建省高速公路科技创新研究院有限公司 | Transfer type monitoring method for vault settlement in tunnel operation period |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| ZA202100041B (en) | 2021-02-24 |
| WO2021027292A1 (en) | 2021-02-18 |
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